kfv] /L, wf/f, ;fjh{ lgs Ogf/ dd{t ug{ 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldlt u7g u/s] f 5g\ . ufp“df ePsf
;femf ;DklQx¿sf] :ofxf/ ;Def/ ug{, bfg ug,{] rGbf lbg], cfkm" ;“u ePsf cGo s/' fx¿ lbg]
u/]/ ;xof]u u5{g\ . ;a} ufp“nn] ] oL ;fjh{ lgs j:tx' ¿sf] ;/+ If0f / ;j+ wg{ ug{] cfÇgf]
gl} ts stJ{ o, bfloTj / lhDdj] f/L 7fG5g\ . o;/L ufp“sf] ;femf ;DklQ hf]ufpg ;ss] f]df
;a} hgf bª\u 5g\ .
sg' j:ts' f] s;/L ;+/If0f / ;j+ w{g ug]{
jg hªu\ n M hyfefjL ?v gsf6g\ ,] la?jf /fK] g], la?jf gfz xg' ] u/L
ufO{a:t' gr/fpg,] 88n] f] gnufpg], jg kb} fj/ pkof]u ug{
lgod agfpg] cflb
ljBfno, :jf:Yo rfs} L M lgoldt ddt{ ug,{] jl/kl/ ;kmf ug,{,] rf/l} t/ af/ aGbh] nufpg]
cflb
wf/f, sj' f, kw“ /] f,] kfv] /L M kfnf] u//] ;kmf ug,{] lau]| eTs]df ddt{ ug,{] kmfx] f/] gkmfNg]
cflb
af6f3] f6f,] kn' M kmfx] f/] gkmfNg], ;kmf ug{], dd{t ug]{ cflb
kf6L, kf}jf, rf}tf/f] M ;/;kmfO ug{], htg;fy pkofu] ug{], ;a} ldn]/ ddt{ ug]{
wfld{s tyf Pl] txfl;s :yn M jl/kl/ ?vla?jf nufpg,] af/ aGb]h ug],{ ug{ xg' ] / ug{
gx'g] ;DaGwdf ;r" gf 6f:“ g], lgoldt ddt{ ;Def/ ug,{] Toxf“
ePsf j:tx' ¿ laug| elTsg glbg] cflb
vf]nf, gbL, s'nf,] kg} L M kmfx] f]/ gkmfNg,] ;a} ldn]/ ddt{ ;Def/ ug]{ cflb
dflysf bO' { cf6] f ufp“sf] cj:yfdWo] ltdLnfO{ sg' ufps“ f] cj:yf /fdf| ] nfUof] < ltd|f] ufp“
6fn] s'g;u“ ldNbfh] 'Nbf] 5, Psl5g ljrf/ u/ .
46 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
cEof;
!= lrgf] nufP/ cfkm\ gf] dN" ofª\sg cfkm“} u/ M
-s_ d 3/ / ljBfnosf ;fdfgsf] ;dfg ¿kdf htg ==================== .
-c_ u5{' -cf_ ulb{g“
-v_ ljBfno xftfleq kmf]xf]/ ================== .
-c_ kmfN5 ' -cf_ kmflNbg“
-u_ wf/f tyf s'jfsf] ;/;kmfOdf ;xof]u ======================== .
-c_ u5' { -cf_ ulbg{ “
-3_ ?v la?jf hyfefjL ======================== .
-c_ sf6\5 ' -cf_ sf6l\ bg“
-ª_ P]ltxfl;s j:tx' ¿sf] ;/+ If0fdf ;xofu] ============================ .
-c_ u5'{ -cf_ ulb{g“
@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M
ltdLn] dfly lrgf] nufPsf] cfwf/df Ps cg'R5]b nv] / lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpm .
-s_ lghL ;DklQ / ;femf ;DklQlar km/s 5'6\ofpm M
lghL ;DklQ ;femf ;DklQ
Pp6f JolSt jf kl/jf/sf] dfq ;as} f] xs clwsf/ nfU5 .
xs clwsf/ nfU5 .
-v_ xfdf| ;femf ;DklQx¿ s] s] xg' \ <
-u_ xfd|f ;femf ;DklQ ;+/If0f ug]{ tl/sfx¿ n]v .
#= cfkm" /x]sf] jl/kl/sf ;femf j:tx' ¿sf] ;r" L agfpm . tL j:t'x¿sf] cj:yf
tnsf] h:t} tflnsf agfO{ n]v M
gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^ 47
;femf j:t'sf] gfd cyjf
/fd|f] lau|]÷eTs]sf] kmf]xf/] gfl;g nfu]sf ] gf; eO;ss] f]
$= km' ndfofsf] ufp“df /x]sf ;femf j:tx' ¿sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+jwg{ lsg gePsf] xfn] f <
5nkmn u/L n]v .
%= oL sfd u/ M
-s_ ;f]gn] fnsf] ufpd“ f /x]sf ;femf j:t'x¿sf] ;+/If0f / ;j+ wg{ ug{ pgLx¿n]
u/]sf] sfdsf] ljj/0f tof/ u/ .
-v_ ltdL a;]sf] ufp“df ;femf j:t'x¿sf] ;/+ If0fdf nflu kg]{ / To;k|lt s'g} jf:tf
g} gug]{ JolStx¿ x'g ;S5g\ . ;/+ If0f / ;j+ wg{ df jf:tf gug{] JolStx¿nfO{
s] s] pkfo u//] ;femf ;DklQsf] ;/' Iff Pjd\ htg ug{] sfod{ f nufpg
;lsG5 . ;fyLx¿lar 5nkmn u/L pkfo kQf nufpm / To:tf] JolStnfO{
;/+ If0f tyf ;j+ wg{ sfo{df ;xefuL u/fpg sfl] ;; u/ .
-u_ ljBfno glhsdf /xs] f] sg' } wfld{s tyf Pl] txfl;s :yn rf}tf/f,] af6f] jf o:t}
k|sf/sf cGo j:t'x¿sf] ;/;kmfO tyf dd{t ug]{ of]hgf agfpm / pSt
of]hgfcg';f/ sfd ug{ ;xefuL xfp] m .
-3_ ;fjh{ lgs sfddf ;xefuL x'“bfsf cge' jx¿ ;“ufn]/ Pp6f klqsfsf nflu
nv] jf ;dfrf/ tof/ u/ .
-ª_ ‘‘;fjh{ lgs ;DklQdf xfdf| ] bfloTj’’ zLifs{ df Ps cg'R5b] n]v/] sIffdf k|:tt'
u/ .
d'Vo ;Gb]z
;a}sf] xs clwsf/ ;dfg ¿kdf nfUg] j:t'x¿ g} xfdf| ;femf ;DklQ x'g\ . ;femf
;bk' of]u ug]{, ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f ug,{] htg ug,]{ ;/;kmfO ug{] xfdL ;as} f] stJ{ o
/ bfloTj xf] . xfd|f jl/kl/ ljleGg ;femf ;DklQ /xs] f xG' 5g\ . tL ;DklQsf]
;+/If0f / ;j+ wg{ ug]{ tf}/tl/sf klg hfgL /fVg'k5{ . o:tf ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f /
;+jwg{ n] ko{6gsf] ljsf;df ;d]t dbt k¥' ofp“5 .
48 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
# ljBfnokl| tsf] xfdf| ] bfloTj
ckl] Ift Jojxf/
ljBfnosf] ;/;kmfOdf ;ljm| o ;xefuL x'g
sIffsf7] fsf] cGt/ljm| ofdf ;ljm| o xg'
;kmf ;'U3/ /xg / sIff sf]7f ;kmf /fVg
c¿sf ljrf/ ;G' g / cfÇgf ljrf/ k:| 6;u“ /fVg
ljBfnosf lgodsf] kfngf ug{
ljBfnon] af]nfPsf] ;dodf cleefjsnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg
Kof/f] efO cl;d uN' dL
w/] } w/] } dfof . @)^(.)%.@(
oxf“ d cf/fd} 5,' ltdL klg cf/fd} xf}nf eGg] rfxG5' . efO, ltdL;“u s/' fsfgL x'g gkfPsf]
klg w/] } eof] . lhNnfsf] :ynut ed| 0f ug{] jm| ddf 3/ 5f]8]sf] klg cfh Ps dlxgf
eP5 . lxhf] xfdf| ] 6fn] L uN' dLsf ufpx“ ¿ 3D' g] jm| ddf Pp6f ljBfnodf kU' of“} . To; ljBfnosf]
cj:yfsf af/]df d ltdLnfO{ sx] L hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5' .
of] ljBfno ;b/ds' fdaf6 w/] } 6f9fsf] ufpd“ f k5{ . To; ljBfnosf] jftfj/0f ;flRrs} kz| ;+ f
ug{ nfos 5 . 7'nf] sDkfpG8 -xftf_, 7n' f7'nf sf7] f, kT| os] sf]7fdf ljBfyLs{ f ;fdfg /fVg]
b/fh, xl/ofnL jftfj/0f, k'mnx¿ km' n]sf / 7fp“ 7fp“df ‘‘kmfx] f/] dnfO{’’ n]lvPsf aflN6g
/flvPsf lyP . lzIfsx¿ sfx] L sIff sf]7fdf k9fO/x]sf lyP . sf]xL k:' tsfnodf a;/]
tof/L ul//x]sf lyP . k|wfgfWofks cleefjs;“u ljBfnosf] efjL of]hgfsf af/]df
lzIf0f ;'emfj
ljBfnosf x/s] ljm| ofsnfkdf cleefjssf] ;xeflutf s] s:tf] /x]sf] 5 eGg] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
cleefjs;u“ ljBfyL{sf] cWoog cj:yf / ljBfnosf] efjL ofh] gf ;DaGwdf lgoldt cGt/ljm| of ug'x{ f;] \ .
ljBfyL{sf] afgL, Jojxf/ / cfr/0fsf ;DaGwdf lgoldt ¿kdf dN" ofªs\ g u/L ki[ 7kf]if0f lbg] ugx'{ f;] \ .
g}lts lzIff, sIff ^ 49
/fo ;Nnfx / ;e' mfj lnO/xs] f lyP . oL ;a} bZ[ o bV] bf xfd|f] ufp“sf ljBfnodf klg o:t}
Joj:yf xg' ;s] xfdf| ljBfnosf] klg ;w' f/ xg' ] lyof] . xfdf| ] ufp“sf afnaflnsfn] klg u0' f:t/Lo
lzIff kfpg] lyP eGg] nflu/xo\ f] . o:td} f dn} ] kw| fgfWofksnfO{ ;fw] ,“] ‘‘oL ;a} Joj:yf ;/sf/n]
ul/lbPsf] xf] <’’ d]/f] kZ| g eO' d“ f v:g gkfpb“ } k=| c= n] hjfkm lbge' of], ‘‘xfO] g, of] t oxfs“ f]
;db' fon] ljBfnokl| tsf] bfloŒj lgjf{x u/s] fn] ePsf] xf] . xfdLn] s'g} klg sfd ug'{eGbf
klxn] oxfs“ f] ;db' fo / ljzi] f u/L cleefjs;u“ 5nkmn cGt/ljm| of u5f“{} . pxfx“ ¿sf] ;Nnfx,
;e' mfjcg;' f/ xfdLn] la:tf/} ;'wf/ ub}{ NofPsf xf“} . cleefjsx¿ sg' } klg ;dodf ljBfno
cjnfs] g ug{ cfpgx' G' 5 . afnaflnsfsf] k9fOkl| t rf;f] /fVgx' G' 5 . of] pxfx“ ¿sf] bfloTj xf] .
o;n] xfdLnfO{ ;w“} ;hs agfO/fV5 . lzIfs ljBfyLs{ f] k9fOk|lt kl| ta4 xg' 'x'G5 . ljBfno
;db' fosf nflu / ;d'bfosf] ;xofu] ljBfnosf nflu xg' ;sd] f ljBfnodf ;w' f/ Nofpg
w]/} ;do nfUbg} .’’ oxfs“ f] ;db' fon] ljBfno zflGt Ifq] xf] . oxf“ sg' } klg e]befj x'gx' 'b“ g} ,
eme} mu8f / /fhgLlts ultljlw xg' x' 'b“ }g eGg] ae' ms] f /x]5g\ .
ljBfno j/k/sf] ;db' fodf ljBfno xfdf| nflu xf] eGg] efjgf hufpg / ljBfyLn{ fO{ cgz' fl;t
/ dof{lbt agfpg ;do ;dodf cleefjs e]nf x'g] /x5] . cleefjsdWo]af6 Joj:yfkg
;ldltdf cWoIfnufot c¿ ;b:o 5gf6] xg' ] /x]5g\ . Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf pSt ;ldltnfO{
lbOPsf] /x5] . To; ljBfnodf egf{ u/fPkl5 cleefjs cfÇgf gfgLx¿sf] k9fOk|lt 9'Ss x“b' f
/x]5g\ . ljBfnonfO{ cfjZos kg{] cflys{ ;xofu] h6' fpg / cfk"mn] hfgs] f] s'/f l;sfpg
cleefjs ;w}“ cl3 ;g{] /x]5g\ . ljBfnosf] glthf klg /fdf| ] /x5] . o; ljBfnodf cWoog
u/]sf w/] } ljBfyL{ lghL / ;/sf/L Ifq] sf pRr kbdf k'u]sf /x]5g\ . pgLx¿sf] ;xof]u
klg ljBfnon] kfO/xs] f] /x]5 . of] yfxf kfp“bf d}n] klg cfk"mn] k9]sf] ljBfnonfO{ ;Sbf]
;xof]u ug{] c7f]6 u/s] L 5' .
efO cl;d, ltdLn] klg ljBfnodf cleefjsnfO{ e]nf u/fpg, ljBfno ;db' fosf nflu xf]
eGg] efjgf hufpg cfjZos kxn ug"{ n . lzIfsnfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{, ljBfnosf] cfrf/;+lxtf
kfngf ug{" . ljBfnodf ;a;} u“ ldn/] a:g" . ljBfno / sIff sf]7fsf] ;/;kmfO / ;hfj6df
;ljm| otf b]vfpg' . ljBfnosf ;fdu|Lsf] ;bk' ofu] ug{" . ljBfnodf ePsf /fdf| tyf g/fd|f
36gfsf af/d] f cleefjs;u“ s/' fsfgL ug{" . sIffdf xg' ] 5nkmn, cGt/ljm| ofdf ;ljm| o ¿kdf
;xefuL xg' " . ljBfnon] afn] fPsf] ;dodf cleefjsnfO{ pkl:ylt u/fpg" x} . ljBfno
xfdL ;as} f] ;femf 3/ xf] . o;nfO{ ;a}n] ldn]/ /fd|f] agfpgk' 5{ . o;nfO{ ;/+ If0f, ;+jw{g
/ ;w' f/ ug{' xfdL ;a}sf] st{Jo xf] . n t afa,' c¿ kl5 n]Vb} u/f“}nf .
ltd|L lbbL
clgtf
50 g}lts lzIff, sIff ^
cEof;
!= cfk\mgf] d"Nofªs\ g cfkm“} u/ M
-c_ cfkm\ gf] Jojxf/;“u ldNg] s'/fdf lrgf] nufpm M
-s_ d cfkmg\ f] sIff sf]7f ;kmf
-c_ /fV5' -cf_ /flVbg“
-v_ d ;fyLx¿;u“ ldn/]
-c_ a:5 ' -cf_ al:bg“
-u_ d}n] sfuhsf 6j' m| fx¿ kmf]xf]/ kmfNg] 6f]s/Ldf
-c_ kmfN5 ' -cf_ kmflNbg“
-3_ d/] f cleefjsx¿ ljBfnodf
-c_ cfO/xg'xG' 5 -cf_ cfpg'xG' g
-ª_ dnfO{ ljBfnosf] sfd ug{ /dfOnf]
-c_ nfU5 -cf_ nfUb}g
-cf_ tnsf] ?h' ;r" Lcg;' f/ cfkm\ gf] Jojxf/ hfr“
-s_ s] 3/ / ljBfnodf d/] f] Jojxf/ Ps} lsl;dsf] 5 <
-v_ s] d ljBfnosf] stJ{ ok|lt ;rt] 5' <
-u_ s] dn} ] d/] f cleefjssf ;d:of a'ems] f] 5' <
-3_ ljBfno / sIff sf7] f ;kmf ug{ d}n] s] u/s] f] 5' <
-ª_ ljBfnoaf6 dn} ] s] s] kfPsf] 5' / ljBfnonfO{ dn} ] s] lbPsf] 5' <
@= tnsf kZ| gsf] 5f6] f] pQ/ b]pm M
-s_ ljBfnosf] ;'wf/sf nflu s;s;sf] s] s] bfloTj xG' 5 <
-v_ cleefjsnfO{ ljBfnokl| t ckgTjsf] ljsf; u/fpg s] s:tf sfox{ ¿ ugk{' 5{ <
gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^ 51
-u_ kf7df lbOPsf] ljBfno;“u ltd|f] ljBfnosf ultljlwsf] tn' gf u/ .
-3_ ljBfnokl| t ;db' fosf] s] s:tf] bfloTj /xs] f] xG' 5 < ab“' fut ¿kdf l6kf6] u/ .
-ª_ cfÇgf] ljBfnosf] ;du| cj:yf pNn]v ub{} ;fyLnfO{ lr7L n]v .
#= oL sfd u/ M
-s_ ljBfnon] ug{] ;fdflhs ultljlwnfO{ ;d6] /] ;dx" df k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/ /
sIffdf k:| tt' u/ .
-v_ ljBfno j/k/ / ltdf| ] 6fn] l5ds] df /xs] f ;fdflhs ;ª3\ ;:+ yfn] ug]{ u/]sf
sfox{ ¿ / To;af6 ;dfhdf k/s] f] ke| fj 6fn] l5ds] df uO{ Toxfs“ f dflg;x¿;u“
;f]wk5' u/ / kf| Kt kl| tlj|mof sIffdf ;'gfpm .
-u_ ltdf| ] ljBfnodf cleefjssf] ;ljm| otf s:tf] 5 < ljBfnosf tkma{ f6 ug{'kg{]
;w' f/ / cleefjssf tkm{af6 ug'k{ g]{ ;w' f/sf kIfx¿nfO{ rf6d{ f k|:t't u/ .
-3_ ljBfnosf] cfrf/;+lxtfsf cfwf/df sIffsf] cfrf/;+lxtf -lgod_ agfO{
Jojxf/df ptf/ .
d'Vo ;Gb]z
;fjh{ lgs ;DklQkl| t ;as} f] ;dfg clwsf/ 5 . ltgsf] ;/+ If0f, ;j+ wg{ / ;bk' ofu]
ug{' ;a} gful/ssf] stJ{ o xf] . ljBfno ;fdflhs ;w' f/ / kl/jtg{ sf] ;j+ fxs xf] . of]
1fg / l;k cfbfg kb| fg ug{] kljq :yn xf] . o;kl| t ;db' fosf ;as} f] ckgTj xg' k' 5{ .
;xofu] sf] efjgf xg' k' 5{ / ;w' f/ ug{] ;sf/fTds ;fr] xg' k' 5{ . ljBfnonfO{ zflGt Ifq] agfpg
Toxfs“ f] ;db' fosf] ;xofu] cfjZos xG' 5 . ljBfnokl| tsf] bfloTjnfO{ ae' m/] ;an} ] Jojxf/
ug{ ;s] xfdf| ljBfno /fdf| xg' ;S5g\ . ljBfnosf ultljlwdf ;ljm| o ;xeflutf hgfpg' ;a}
gful/ssf] st{Jo xf] .
52 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
PsfO ;fd'lxs hLjg k4lt
$ / ljljwtf
l;sfO pknlAw 53
dofl{ bt ;fdflhs Jojxf/ ug{
gl} tstf sfod ug{] :yfgLo cEof;sf] klxrfg u/L cjnDag ug{
;fdflhs ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg ug{
ljljwtfdf Pstf sfod ug{
gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
! ;fd"lxs hLjg
ck]lIft Jojxf/
JolStjfbL ;fr] fO / ;:+ sf/ Tofu ug{
;j] f / ;xofu] cfbfg k|bfg ug{
;fdflhs bfloTj / d]nldnfksf] efjgfsf] ljsf; ug{
;fdflhs lxtsf nflu sfo{ ug{] ;fr] sf] ljsf; ug{
lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;"rgf k|ljlwnufotsf kfl/jfl/s tyf ;fd"lxs
;fdflhs cfjZostfsf] k"lt{ hLjg k4ltsf] cjnDag
k;] f, Joj;fo, v]tLkftL / ;fdl" xs hLjg ;fjh{ lgs :yn ;d'lrt
wfld{s tyf ;f:+ sl[ ts lj|mofsnfkdf ko| fu] , ;/+ If0f tyf ;+jwg{
;lj|mo ;xeflutf
s'nf,] k}gL, wf/f, s'jf, 5/l5d]s tyf 6f]ndf pTkGg
af6f3] f6f] lgdf{0f h:tf ;fdb' flos x'g] ;d:ofx¿sf] klxrfg /
ljsf;sf lj|mofsnfkdf ;xeflutf
;dfwfgdf cu|;/tf
lzIf0f ;e' mfj
;fdl" xs hLjg latfP/ ;as} f] lxt ug{] sg' } JolStsf] ljifodf atfOlbP/ To:tf] JolSt aGg ltdL s] u5f{}
egL kT| os] ljBfyL{nfO{ ;f]Wgx' f;] \ .
;fdl" xs hLjg k4ltsf kmfObfx¿af/] cGt/ljm| of u/fpgx' f];\ .
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ;fdl" xs hLjg k4lt / Psn hLjg k4ltdWo] sg' dgk5{ egL k|Zg ug{'xf];\ / Tof] hLjg
k4lt dg kg{s' f sf/0f atfpg nufpgx' f;] \ .
54 g}lts lzIff, sIff ^
kf| 0fLsf] hGdbl] v d/0f;Ddsf] ;do hLjg xf] . kf| 0fLx¿dWo] dflg; ;ae} Gbf ljjs] zLn
dflgG5 . ljjs] zLn ePsfn] p;sf] hLjg klg pQd lsl;daf6 laTg'k5{ . dflg;n] cg]s
lsl;dn] hLjg latfp5“ . vfg,] a:g,] Jojxf/ ug{,] af]Ng] tl/sf cfcfÇg} xG' 5g\ . dflg;n]
;Eo / ;fdflhs hLjg lhpg] ko| f; ugk{' 5{ . o;/L hLjg lhpg] tl/sfnfO{ hLjg k4lt
elgG5 . sg' } dflg; Psnsf6] xG' 5g\ . ltgLx¿ 3/kl/jf/d} a;] klg c¿;“u ldNbg} g\ .
PstkmL{ ¿kdf sfd / s/' f u5g{ \ . s;};“u ;DaGw g/fVg,] ;DaGw /flvxfn] klg c¿sf]
;Nnfx cg/' fw] gdfGg] x'G5g\ . o:tf] hLjg lhpg rfxg] dflg;n] ;d"x / ;dfhsf] ;xofu]
kfp“b}gg\ . c¿sf] ;xofu] / ;dy{g gkfpg] dflg;sf] hLjg ;d:ofoS' t x'G5 .
s'g} dflg; cfÇgf] kl/jf/sf] 3]/fdf dfq af“r]sf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ cfÇgf] / kl/jf/sf] dfq
lxt ;fR] 5g\ . sfd klg To:t} u5{g\ . dflg;n] cfÇgf] / kl/jf/sf] dfq geO{ ;db' fosf] klg
lxt xg' ] s/' f ;f]Rg'k5{ / To:t} sfd ug{k' 5{ . x/]s JolStn] daf6 ;as} f] lxt xg' ;sf;] \
eGg] efjgf lnP/ sfd ug'{k5{ .
;fdl" xs lxtdf nfu]sfx¿ ;jf{]Qd JolSt x'g\ . ;dfhdf ;a} ldn/] ;a}sf] lxtsf nflu hLjg
latfOG5 eg] Tof] ;fd"lxs hLjg xf] . dflg; ;dfhdf afR“ g] / a:g] k|f0fL xf] . dflg;x¿sf]
;db' fonfO{ ;dfh elgG5 .
JolStsf] sfd / Jojxf/sf] k|efj ;dfhnfO{ klg kb5{ . ;dfhn] JolStnfO{ af6f] bv] fpg]
sfd klg ub{5 . JolSt, ;dfh / ;d'bfolar bfx] f]/f] cGt/;DaGw /x]sf] x'G5 . JolSt JolSt
ldn]/ ;dfh / ;d'bfo aG5 . JolStlagfsf] ;dfh jf ;db' fo x'b“ }g . ;dfh jf ;db' fodf
JolStsf] dxŒjk0" f{ el" dsf /xs] f] xG' 5 . ;dfh jf ;db' fonfO{ s:tf] agfpg] eGg] s/' f To;
;db' fodf /xs] f JolStx¿sf] Jojxf/df lge/{ ub5{ . dflg;n] ;fdflhs xg' sf nflu ;fdl" xs hLjg
lhpg'k5{ . ;fd"lxs hLjgdf zlSt xG' 5 . zlSt ePkl5 ;'/Iff xG' 5 . ;'/Iff ePkl5 zflGt
Pjd\ pGglt xG' 5 / pGgltaf6 hLjg ;v' L aG5 . ;a} dflg; ;v' , zflGt;u“ hLjg latfpg rfxG5g\ .
g}lts lzIff, sIff ^ 55
;dfhdf dflg;nfO{ ljleGg j:t'sf] cfjZostf k5{ . Pp6f dflg;n] cfÇgf ;a} cfjZostf
PSn} k"/f ug{ ;Sbg} . p;n] ljleGg dflg;af6 ;j] f / ;xof]u lngk' 5{ . ;dfhsf ljleGg
k];f, ju{ / Joj;fosf dflg;af6 k/:k/df tL cfjZostf k/" f xG' 5g\ . o;sf nflu ;fd"lxs
hLjg k4lt cTofjZos x'G5 .
xfdLn] cGo kf| 0fLaf6 ;fdl" xs hLjg lhpg] lzIff kfp“5f}“ . sldnfn] ;d"xdf uP/ cfkm\gf]
cfxf/ h6' fp5“ g\ / lglZrt 7fp“df NofP/ /fV5g\ . cfjZostf ePsf] ;dodf tL ;a} ldn]/
cfÇgf] cfxf/f vfG5g\ . dfx/' Ln] ;d"xd} ldn]/ dx hDdf u5{ . sltko r/fx¿ ;dx" d} ldn]/
df};dcg';f/ ljleGg If]qdf cfjt hfjt u5g{ \ . oL ;a} ;fd"lxs hLjg latfpg k/|] 0ff lbg]
36gf xg' \ .
;;+ f/df nfvf}“ jif{bl] v dfgj hfltsf] a;fj] f; /lxcfPsf] 5 . klxn] dflg;x¿ ;fdl" xs
hLjg latfpy“ ] . hª\unL o'udf hgfj/af6 ;'/lIft /xg klg ;fdl" xs hLjgsf] cfjZostf
kbY{ of] . ljleGg zf:qx¿df klg ;“u} lx8“ , ;u“ ;u“ } ldn/] a;, c¿sf] efjgfsf] sb/ u/ eg]/
xfdLnfO{ ;Gbz] lbOPsf] 5 . k0" f{ z/L/ x'g ;a} cª\usf] e"ldsf ePh:t} k0" f{ hLjg latfpg
;dx" / ;dfhsf ;a} ;b:ox¿sf] el" dsf x'G5 . ;a} dflg; k0" f{ / ;kmn g} x'g rfxG5g\ .
;dfh /fdf| ] xg' sf nflu JolSt / kl/jf/sf] 7'nf] el" dsf xG' 5 . s;}sf] pbfx/0fLo JolStut
hLjgn] p;sf] kl/jf/nfO{ k|efj kfl//x]sf] xG' 5 . To;af6 kl/jf/ klg c;n aG5 . c;n
JolSt / kl/jf/ c;n ;dfh lgdf{0fsf cfwf/ x'g\ . ;dfh c;n eof] eg] b]z / ljZj g}
/fd|f] aGg kU' 5g\ .
lxhf]cfh dflg;x¿df a9L JolStut Pjd\ kl/jf/df ;Lldt hLjg latfpg] k|j[lQ
b]vf kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . dflg;df c¿af6 ;j] f / ;xof]u lng] t/ c¿nfO{ cfjZostf kbf{
;xofu] gug{] :jefj xg' x' “'bg} . ;j] f / ;xofu] bO' t{ kmL{ g} /fdf| ] xG' 5 . ;fdl" xs hLjgn] xfdLdf
lhDdj] f/Lsf] efjgf a9fp5“ . xfdLn] d/] f] lxtdf c¿sf] lxt 5 eGg] ;fr] fO g/fvL c¿sf] lxtaf6
d/] f] lxt xG' 5 eGg] 7fGgk' 5{ . ;fdl" xs hLjg latfpg] cEof;n] xfdLnfO{ oxL lzIff lbG5 .
;dfhdf ljleGg lsl;dsf] ckfªu\ tf ePsf, j[4 j[4f, PrcfOeL÷P8\; / cGo /fu] af6
;ª\j|mldt dflg;x¿ x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] ;xh hLjg ofkgsf nflu klg ;fd"lxs hLjg
k4lt cfjZos xG' 5 . ;dfhdf xg' ] hftLo eb] efj, 5'jf5t' x6fpg klg o;n] dbt u5{ .
xfd|f rf8kjx{ ¿ bz}“, ltxf/, Nxf];f/, lj|m:d;, Ob, p“efn} L, p“wfn} L, df3L, kmuj' f cflbn] klg
;fdl" xs hLjgnfO{ an k¥' ofO/xs] f 5g\ .
56 g}lts lzIff, sIff ^
cEof;
!= cfk\mgf] dN" ofª\sg cfkm“} u/ M
-s_ d s'g} klg sfd ubf{ cfjZostfcg;' f/ c¿sf] ;xofu] lng] ================ .
-c_ u5{' -cf_ ulb{g“
-v_ d kl/jf/ / ;fyLefOsf] dfq geP/ ;as} f] lxt xg' ] sfd ====================== .
-c_ u5{' -cf_ ulb{g“
-u_ d ;fdflhs sfd ug{ cu|;/ ======================== .
-c_ /xG5' -cf_ /xGg“
-3_ d ;fdl" xs hLjgsf af/]df atfpg ======================== .
-c_ ;S5' -cf_ ;lSbg“
@= 5f]6f] pQ/ bp] m M
-s_ s:tf dflg; PSnf xG' 5g\ <
-v_ ;fd"lxs hLjg egs] f] s] xf] <
-u_ dflg;nfO{ ;dfh lsg rflxG5 <
-3_ s:tf dflg; ;kmn xG' 5g\ <
-ª_ ;fdl" xs hLjg latfpg] cEof;n] xfdLnfO{ s] kmfObf k'¥ofp“5 <
#= oL sfd u/ M
-s_ sIffsf ;a} ;fyLx¿ ;d"xdf ljeflht eP/ a; . JolStut, kfl/jfl/s /
;fd"lxs hLjgdWo] cfk"mnfO{ dg kg]{ hLjg k4ltaf/] b'O{ b'O{cf]6f sf/0f
lzIfsnfO{ ;g' fpm .
-v_ cfkm" n] hfg] ae' ms] f dWo] ;fdl" xs hLjg latfO/xs] f :yfgLo dflg;x¿sf] ljj/0f
tof/ kf/ .
-u_ ;fd"lxs hLjgsf kmfObfx¿sf] ;"rL agfpm .
-3_ ltdLnfO{ cfjZos kg,{] t/ cfkm“} h6' fpg g;Sg] j:tx' ¿sf] ;r" L agfO{ tL s;n]
g}lts lzIff, sIff ^ 57
tof/ ul/lbG5g\ < lgDglnlvt 9fr“ fdf bv] fpm M
cfjZos j:t' tof/ ug{] ju{
-c_ vfBfGg si[ fs
-cf_ kf];fs ;"rLsf/
-ª_ cGo kf| 0fLaf6 xfdLn] s] l;Sg ;S5f} < 5f]6f] cgR' 5b] n]v .
-r_ ltdLnfO{ ;fd"lxs hLjg s:tf] nfU5 < /fdf| ]÷g/fdf| ] nfUg'sf sf/0fx¿ l6kf]6
u/L cleefjs;u“ 5nkmn u/ / sIffdf ;'gfpm .
d'Vo ;Gb]z
JolStjfbL ;fr] fO / ;:+ sf/ TofUgk' 5{ . JolStut / kfl/jfl/s hLjgeGbf ;fdl" xs hLjg
pQd 5 . ;fdl" xs hLjg latfpg] cEof;n] ;as} f] lxt xG' 5 . JolStut hLjg latfP klg
Tof] kl/jf/ / ;dfhsf nflu k/]| s xg' k' 5{ . ;fdl" xs hLjgn] stJ{ o / bfloTjsf] efjgf
a9fp5“ . o;af6 b]zs} sNof0f x'G5 .
58 g}lts lzIff, sIff ^
@ c¿sf] ;fDdfg
ckl] Ift Jojxf/
kl/jf/, ljBfno / 5/l5d]s;“u ;Ddfgkj" {s Jojxf/ ug{
;fyLefO / czStdf ;Ddfgefj kb| zg{ ug{
u'?nfO{ cfb/ ;Tsf/ ug{
hflt, If]q, wd{, ;+:sl[ t / efiffsf] ;Ddfg ug{
c¿sf] wd{, ;+:sl[ t /
k|rngsf] ;Ddfg
u?' , ;fyLefO / c¿sf] sfd / c¿sf] klxrfg
czStsf] ;Ddfg k];fsf] ;Ddfg -hfltut, ;+:sf/
ut / efiffut_ sf]
c¿sf] clwsf/sf]
;Ddfg ;Ddfg
c¿sf] ljrf/sf] kl/jf/, ljBfno /
;Ddfg 5/l5ds] df lzi6 afn] L /
;xofu] fTds Jojxf/ k|bzg{
c¿s ]f ;Ddfg
c¿sf] ;Ddfg u/] cfÇgf] klg ;Ddfg x'G5 . xfdLn] kl/jf/sf dfGohgnfO{ ;Ddfghgs
Jojxf/ ugk{' 5{ . ;Ddfghgs Jojxf/ ugn{] fO{ 7n' fa8fn] dfof / ;fgfn] cfb/ ;Tsf/
lzIf0f ;'emfj
sIffsf ;a} ljBfyLn{ fO{ c¿sf] ;Ddfgaf6 k|fKt xg' ] Pp6f Pp6f kmfObf eGg nufpg'xf;] \ / To;af/d] f
5nkmn u/fpgx' f;] \ . c¿sf] ;Ddfg ubf{ s] s:tf] Jojxf/ ugk'{ 5{ egL e"ldsf clego ug{ nufpg'xf;] \ .
g}lts lzIff, sIff ^ 59
u5g{ \ . o;sf/0f kl/jf/df ;a}sf] Kof/f] aGg ;lsG5 . xfdLn] ljBfno / 5/l5ds] df
klg ld7f] afn] L jrgsf] ko| f]u ug{k' 5{ . pxfx“ ¿sf] sfddf ;Sbf] ;xofu] ug{k' 5{ . ;a} ju{
/ txsf dflg;nfO{ cfb/k"j{s Jojxf/ ugk'{ 5{ . hg' ;s' } hft, j0f{, lnªu\ , wd,{ ju{ If]qsf
dflg;sf] cl:tTjnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{ g} c¿sf] ;Ddfg xf] .
xfdLn] kl/jf/sf dfGohgnfO{ dfq geO{ u'? / ;fyLefOnfO{ klg plrt ;Ddfg ugk'{ 5{ .
klxn] u'?nfO{ bj] tf;/x dflgGYof] / To;c} g¿' k ;Ddfg ul/GYof] . lxhf]cfh klg lxGb'
k/Dk/fcg;' f/ kT| os] jif{ u?' kl" 0fd{ fsf lbg u?' sf] ;Ddfg ul/G5 . lzIff lbj;sf lbg ;/sf/L
:t/af6 klg u'? jun{ fO{ k/' :sf/ lbg] ul/G5 . of] klg Ps k|sf/sf] u?' ;Ddfg g} xf] .
To;} u/L l5ds] Lsf] ;Ddfgaf6 ;dfhdf zflGt / ;J' oj:yf sfod ug{ ;xof]u ldN5 .
;fyLefOsf] ;Ddfgaf6 ;a}sf] lxt xG' 5 .
;dfhdf c;xfo / czSt dflg; klg x'G5g\ . ltgLx¿nfO{ slxNo} klg lh:sfpg] /
xK] g] sfd ug'{x“b' }g . plrt cj;/ kfPdf c;xfo / czSt klg eljiodf 7'nf dflg;
aGg ;S5g\ eGg] s'/f la;{gx' '“b}g . pgLx¿df klg cfcfÇgf] :jefj, ?lr / Ifdtf xG' 5 .
pGglt / ku| lt ug]{ efjgf x'G5 . To;sf] xfdLn] ;Ddfg ugk'{ 5{ . pgLx¿nfO{ ;sf/fTds
;Nnfx lbg] ug{'k5{ . pgLx¿sf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{k' 5{ . pgLx¿;u“ vfg,] a:g] / v]Ng]
ugk'{ 5{ . pgLx¿sf] t'ngf cGo dflg;;u“ ug'{x'“b}g . pgLx¿nfO{ ;Ddfgkj" s{ Jojxf/ /
;xof]u ug'k{ 5{ . ltgLx¿sf] ;Ddfgaf6 xfd|f] klg ;Ddfg a9\5 .
xfdf| ] ;dfhdf ljleGg hftLo klxrfg ePsf dflg; a:5g\ . k/Dk/fut ¿kdf ljleGg
hfltn] cf–cfÇg} lsl;dsf jz] e"iff ko| fu] u5{g\ . pgLx¿sf] /xg ;xgdf klg ljljwtf
kfOG5 . pgLx¿n] cfÇgf] ;:+ sf/ tyf ;+:sl[ t ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n]
k/Dk/fut k];fnfO{ klg lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sf x'G5g\ . oL ;a} kIfsf] xfdLn] ;Ddfg
60 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
ugk{' 5{ . Pp6f hfltn] csf{] hfltnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]/ xfdLn] ;fdflhs Pstfsf] ljsf; ug{
;S5f“} . kT| os] hfltnfO{ k"mnaf/Lsf leGgleGg ¿k / ;fG} bo{sf k"mn 7fGgk' 5{ . ;ay} /L
k"mnsf] ;fG} bon{ ] g} aur“} fnfO{ ;G' b/ agfp5“ .
xfd|f] b]z efu} fl] ns ljljwtfn] ;DkGg 5 . lxdfn, kxf8, pkTosf, t/fO,{ dw;] hxf“
a;] klg xfdL ;a} gk] fnL xf“} . xfdL ;a} ldn]/ o; b]zsf] ljsf; ug{k' 5{ . bz] df ;v' ,
zflGt / cdgrg} sfod ug{k' 5{ . o;y{ Pp6f If]qdf a;fj] f; ug{] gk] fnLn] csf{] If]qdf
a;s] f g]kfnLnfO{ ;Ddfgsf ;fy xg] 'k{ 5{ / Jojxf/ ug{k' 5{ . o;n] ubf{ cGo b]zsf gful/s
tyf kfx'gfnfO{ klg ;Ddfg ug]{ afgL a:5 . xfdLn] Pscsf{nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ afgLsf] ljsf;
u¥of}“ eg] bz] s} ;Ddfg a95\ . To;af6 xfdL ;an} fO{ nfe x'G5 / Pstfsf] efjgfsf] klg
ljsf; x'G5 .
xfdLn] kT| os] efiffnfO{ plTts} dfof / ;Ddfg b]vfpg'k5{ . xfdf| ] bz] df dft[ efiffsf] ;ªV\ of
w]/} 5 . hfltut ¿kdf g} cfcfÇgf dfte[ fiffsf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ug{] ul/Psf] 5 .
cfÇgf]eGbf km/s eP klg csf{sf] efiffnfO{ luHofpg], xfR] ofpg / bafpg] sfd slxNo}
ug{'xb'“ g} . To;} u/L xfdLn] klg ;a} efiffsf] ;Ddfg ug'k{ 5{ / :jtGq ¿kdf ljsf; ug{
;xofu] k¥' ofpg'k5{ . h'g;'s} hflt, If]q / efiff eP klg xfdLn] tL ;a} gk] fnsf ;femf
;DklQ xg' \ eGg] a'‰gk' 5{ . xfdLn] ;Ddfg kfpg] Ps dfq pkfo eg]s} c¿sf] ;Ddfg /
;Tsf/ ug'{ xf] egL a'‰g'k5{ .
xfdLn] b}lgs Jojxf/df cfOkg{] sfdsf] ;Ddfg ug'k{ 5{ . hflu/sf jm| ddf ul/g] sfd,
vt] LkftLsf nflu ul/g] sfd, ;/;kmfOsf nflu ul/g] sfd cflb ;a} sfd ;dfg xg' \ . To;n} ]
sfd ug]{ ?lr, Ifdtf, ofU] otf / cg'ejsf cfwf/df sf]xL 8fS6/ xG' 5g\ eg] sf]xL OlGhlgo/
x'G5g\ . sf]xL l;sdL{ x'G5g\ eg] sf]xL s[ifs xG' 5g\ . sf]xL ;dfh;]jL x'G5g\ . To;}n] xfdLn]
sfdk|lt ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ . pgLx¿sf] ljrf/sf] sb/ ug{k' 5{ . 3/]n' Pjd\ sl[ if;DaGwL sfd
u/s] } cfwf/df s;}nfO{ cgfb/ ugx{' '“b}g . o:tf sd{n] c;n ;+:sf/ l;sfp“bg} . c;n ;:+ sf/
l;Sgsf nflu t ;ae} Gbf klxn] xfdLn] c¿sf] ;Ddfg ug{ l;Sg'k5{ .
cEof; 61
!= cfÇgf] dN" ofªs\ g cfkm“} u/ M
-s_ d cfkm"eGbf 7n' fa8f / u'?nfO{ ====================== .
-c_ ;Ddfg u5'{ -cf_ dfof u5 '{ -O_ laGtL u5{'
gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
-v_ d cfk"meGbf 7'nfa8fn] egs] f ============================= .
-c_ ;a} s'/f dfG5' -cf_ s/' f dgdg} ljrf/ u5{'
-O_ c;n s'/fnfO{ Jojxf/df ptf5{'
-u_ d c;xfo / czSt dflg;nfO{ ================================= .
-c_ ;xof]u u5{ ' -cf_ cfb/ u5 {' -O_ pkb]z u5{'
-3_ d b}lgs Jojxf/df cfOkg{] sfd =============================== .
-c_ cfkm}“ u5'{ -cf_ c¿sf] ;xof]udf dfq u5{' -O_ c¿sf] e/ k5'{
-ª_ d c¿nfO{ b'Mv nfUg] af]nL jrg ============================== .
-c_ bM' v kfPsf a]nf dfq u5'{ -cf_ ;d:of k/]sf a]nf dfq u5'{
-O_ slxNo} ulb{g“
ltdLn] dfly 5gf6] u/s] f sfd lsg u5f{} jf ub{g} f} < Ps cgR' 5]bdf n]v .
@= 5f]6f] pQ/ b]pm M
-s_ s] u/] cfÇgf] klg ;Ddfg x'G5 <
-v_ bz] sf] ;Ddfg s;/L a9\5 <
-u_ xfdLn] bl} gs ¿kdf ug{] sfd s] s] xg' \ <
-3_ c;n ;+:sf/ l;Sg xfdLn] s] s] ugk{' 5{ <
-ª_ c;xfo / czStkl| t s] s:tf] Jojxf/ ug{'k5{ <
#= oL sfd u/ M
-s_ ltd|f] 3/ kl/jf/df ltdLn] ;Ddfg ugk'{ g]{ / ltdLnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{] dflg;x¿ sf] sf]
5g\ < ;fyLefO;u“ 5nkmn u/L ;r" L agfpm / sIffdf k|:tt' u/ .
-v_ ltdf| ] kl/jf/df ;an} ] ;Ddfg ugk{' g]{ dV' o JolStsf] 5f]6f] kl/ro bp] m .
-u_ sIffdf ;fyLx¿;u“ ldn]/ u?' sf] ;Ddfg ug{] sfoj{ |mdsf] of]hgf agfpm .
-3_ ltdL ;fyLx¿n] s:tf] Jojxf/ u¿g\ eGg] rfxG5f} < Ps cg'R5]b n]v .
62 g}lts lzIff, sIff ^
-ª_ ltdf| ] 6fn] ÷l5d]sdf a;fj] f; ug{] ;a} hflt / pgLx¿n] af]Ng] efiffkl| t ltdL
s;/L ;Ddfg bzfp{ 5“ f} < clego u/L sIffdf k:| t't u/ .
d'Vo ;Gb]z
kT| os] dflg;n] Pscsfs{ f] ;Ddfg ugk{' 5{ . c¿sf] ;Ddfgaf6 dfq cfkm\ gf] klg ;Ddfg
x'G5 . ;dfhdf zflGt Pjd\ Pstf sfod ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 eGg] tYo a‰' gk' 5{ .
pSt tYonfO{ Jojxf/df ptf/L cfbz{ gdg' f aGg] k|of; ugk{' 5{ . ljljwtfo'St
xfdf| ] ;dfhdf hflt, wd,{ ;:+ sl[ t, Ifq] / efifflarsf] kf/:kl/s ;Ddfg sfod
u/L ;fdflhs ;be\ fj a9fpg ko| Tg ugk{' 5{ / gk] fn Pjd\ gk] fnLsf] kl| ti7f a9fpg
b9[ eO{ cl3 a9\g'k5{ .
gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^ 63
# kfl/jfl/s c;n l;sfO
ckl] Ift Jojxf/
cfÇgf] sfd cfkm“} ug]{ afgLsf] ljsf; ug{
Ifdtfcg;' f/ kl/>d ug{
3/fo;L k;] f / Joj;fosf] ;Ddfg / ;xofu] ug{
;a} wd{, ;:+ s[ltk|lt cfb/efj ks| 6 ug{
cfdf a'jf / u?' sf] ;Ddfg ug{ .
;fdflhs ;d:of ;fjh{ lgs ;DklQsf]
;dfwfgdf ;xefuL xg' ;b'kofu] tyf ;/+ If0f ug{
wd,{ ;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/sf] j[4, czSt / c;xfonfO{
kfngf ug{ ;xofu] ug{
cfdf, aa' f tyf u'?sf] cltly ;Tsf/ ug{ k'm;b{ sf] ;dodf sfddf
;Ddfg ug{ / ;xofu] ug{
egs] f] dfGg
3/fo;L k];f tyf ;s]sf] kl/>d ug{
nf]e/lxt hLjg Joj;fosf] ;Ddfg
hLpg
ug{
cfk\mgf] sfd cfkm“} ug{ kfl/jfl/s l;sfO ;dosf] kfngf ug{
cg'zf;gdf a:g
64 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
/fhz] afx| jifs{ f eP . pgL sIff ^ df k9\5g\ . pgsf] 3/df xh/' a'af, xh/' cfdf klg
a:gx' G' 5 . pgsL Pp6L alxgL l5g\ . alxgLsf] gfd cl:dtf xf] . pgL bz jifs{ L eOg\ . pgL kfr“
sIffdf k9l\ 5g\ . bfha' lxgL ;u“ ;u“ } ljBfno cfpg] hfg] u5g{ \ . cfÇgf] sfd cfkm“} ug{] tf/} tl/sf
l;S5g\ . km' ;b{ sf] ;dodf 3/fo;L sfddf ;xof]u u5{g\ . ;ss] f] kl/>d u5g{ \ . pgLx¿sf]
kl/jf/df ;a} hgf ldn/] sfd ug{] /fdf| ] cEof; 5 . h;n] ubf{ pgLx¿nfO{ 3/ kl/jf/sf
dfGohg;u“ } cgz' f;g / ;dosf] kfngf ug{] afgL Jojxf/sf] cEof; ug{ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . pgLx¿
3/fo;L k;] f tyf Joj;fosf] ;Ddfg u5{g\ . To;df ;'wf/ ug{ ;/;Nnfx klg u5{g\ .
/fh]z / cl:dtf ;w}“ laxfg ^ ah] p7L ;S5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ slxNo} klg c¿n]
p7fpgk' bg}{ . pl7;sk] l5 pgLx¿ dgdg} OZ{ j/sf] kf| yg{ f u5g{ \ . cfdfaa' fnfO{ k0| ffd u5g{ \ . u?' nfO{
:d/0f u5g{ \ . xftdv' wfP] / k9g\ a:5g\ . ljBfno labf ePsf] lbg klg pgLx¿ 3/df
lgoldt ¿kdf k95\ g\ . ux[ sfo{ ;w}“ u5g{ \ . ghfgs] f] s/' f cfdfa'af;u“ 5nkmn u/L k"/f
u5g{ \ . pgLx¿ Pscsf{nfO{ cfÇgf snd, l;;fsnd, :s]n, O/h] / lbP/ k9g\ / n]Vg ;lhnf]
agfp“5g\ . o:tf c;n afgL Jojxf/ pgLx¿nfO{ xh/' aa' f / xh'/cfdfn] l;sfpge' Psf] xf] .
/fhz] sf] aa' fn] efG;fsf] sfddf ;xof]u ug{'x'G5 . pxf“n] cfÇgf] sfd cfkm}“ ug]{ afgL
a;fNge' Psf] 5 . To;n} ] /fhz] n] klg ljBfnosf] kf;] fs l7s kf5g{ \ . lstfa, sfkL cfkm“}
ldnfP/ emfn] fdf /fV5g\ . cl:dtf klg bfhs' f] h:t} ;a} s/' f tof/ kfl5{g\ . ;fdflhs
;d:ofkl| t ?lr /fV5g\ . ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;xefuL xG' 5g\ . cfdfn] pgnfO{ hyfefjL
kmf]xf]/ gug{ ;Nnfx lbg'x'G5 . pgL cfdfn] l;sfPh:t} ;a};u“ ldn/] a:5g\ . ljBfnodf
;a} lzIfsnfO{ clejfbg u5g{ \ . cfÇgf] wd{, ;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/sf] kfngf u5{g\ . ld7f]
af]N5g\ . c¿sf] ;]jf u5g{ \ / ;ss] f] cflys{ dbt u5{g\ .
Ps lbg an] 'vLkv /fhz] 3/glhs} rf}/df v]ln/xs] f lyP . rf/} df pgn] kfr“ ;o ?lkof“
e6] 6\ fP . pgL bf8} b“ } uP/ Tof] k;} f cfdfnfO{ lbP . cfdfn] l5ds] L s;s} f] x/fPsf] xfn] f eg/]
jl/kl/ ;a};“u k;} f e6] ]sf] s/' f uge{' of] . Tof] k;} f lava{ xfb/' bfOsf] /x5] . pgL el/ofsf] sfd
uy{] . k;} f kfPkl5 lava{ xfb/' bfO ;f/} v;' L eP . /fh]z / pgsL cfdf klg e]6s] f] s/' f
kmsf{pg kfPsfdf w]/} v;' L eP . To;kl5 /fhz] nfO{ 3/d} 5f]8L cfdf ahf/lt/ nfUg'eof] .
lzIf0f ;'emfj
kT| os] ljBfyLn{ fO{ cfcfÇgf cleefjsaf6 l;ss] f] Pp6f Pp6f /fdf| ] s'/f eGg nufpg'xf;] \ . To;nfO{
;an} ] kfngf ug{ k]|l/t ug'{xf;] \ . olb sg' } glrg]sf] dflg; ltdL;“u jf; dfUg cfof] eg] s] u5f}{ < egL
5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ . ckl/lrt JolSt;“u ug]{ Jojxf/af/] kl/jf/sf] wf/0ff l6kf6] u/L sIff sf]7fdf k:| t't
ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ . olb af6fd] f sg' } j4[ , czSt / lbgbM' vL e6] ] s] s] ugk{' 5{ egL el" dsf clego u/fpgx' f;] \ .
g}lts lzIff, sIff ^ 65
/fhz] sf] 3/df Ps hgf a9' f dflg;
kfxg' f cfpg'eof] . pxf“ clncln
la/fdL xg' x' G' Yof] / cfv“ f klg /fd/| L
b]Vg'x'GgYof] . /fh]z / cl:dtf
ldn/] pxfn“ fO{ 3/ldq nuL a;fP .
lrof ksfO{ lkpg lbP . pgLx¿sf
aa' f 3/aflx/ xg' x' G' Yof] . cfdf klg
ahf/df lsgd]n u//] kmls{ge' Psf]
lyPg . pgLx¿n] a'9f dflg;sf
s/' f kd|] kj" {s ;'g] / xh/' a'afnfO{
af]nfO{ a'9f dflg;;“u e]6
u/fOlbP . an] s' L aa' fcfdf cfPkl5
a9' f dflg;nfO{ u/s] f] cfb/ ;Tsf/
b]v]/ /fhz] n] klg dfGohgsf] ;]jf / ;Ddfg ug{] s/' f ae' m] . To;kl5 ;a} kl/jf/ a;]/
glrg]sf] dflg;;“u ug{] Jojxf/af/] 5nkmn u/] .
csf]{ lbg labfsf] lbg lyof] . To;} lbg /fhz] sf] 3/ glhss} f] 6f]ndf df3L kj{ w'dwfd;u“
dgfOPsf] lyof] . cfdfaa' f;u“ /fh]z / cl:dtf sfo{j|md xg] { uP . pgLx¿n] To:tf] sfoj{ m| d
klxn] st} klg b]vs] f lyPgg\ . To:tf sfod{ f ;fd]n klg ePsf lyPgg\ . pgLx¿n]
o;af/] aa' f;u“ ;f]w] . aa' fn] Tof] sfoj{ |md cs{} wd{ / ;+:sl[ t dfGg] dflg;x¿n] u/s] f] s/' f
atfpge' of] . /fh]zn] cfÇgf] wd{ gldNg] sfo{jm| d ePsfn] Tof] g/fdf| ] wd{, ;+:sf/ dgfpg] kf]
xf] ls eg/] aa' f;“u ;fw] ] . aa' fn] ;dfhdf ljleGg wd{ / ;:+ sl[ t dfGg] dflg;x¿ x'g] s/' f
atfpge' of] . ;a} wd{ / ;:+ sl[ tkl| t ;dfg lsl;dn] cfb/ efj k|s6 ug'{kg]{ s/' f klg /fhz] n]
aa' faf6 l;s] . xfdLnfO{ xfdf| ] wd{ ;:+ sl[ t Kof/f] nfU5 eg] c¿nfO{ klg pgLx¿sf] wd{ ;:+ sl[ t
Kof/f] nfU5 eGg] oyfy{ klg pgn] yfxf kfP . wd{, ;:+ s[lt, cf:yf / ljZjf; ?lrsf ljifo
xg' \ . h;/L w/] } kl/sf/ ePsf 7fpd“ f dflg;x¿ cf–cfÇgf] ?lrcg;' f/ vfG5g\ / cfkm" n]
gvfg] lrhnfO{ 3[0ff ubg{} g\ . To;u} /L wd{, ;:+ s[lt klg cfcfÇgf cf:yf / ljZjf;df c8s] f
dfGotf xg' \ . To;n} ] csfs{ f] wd{ / ;:+ sl[ tkl| t xfdLn] ;be\ fj /fVgk' 5{ eGg] 1fg klg /fhz] nfO{
eof] . pgnfO{ cfdfn] klg c¿sf] efiff, ;+:s[lt, njfO vjfOsf] ;Ddfg ug'k{ 5{ egL
;Demfpge' of] . To;kl5 d7 dlGb/x¿ 3D' g lx8“ ] . af6f] kmfx] f]/ b]v]/ /fhz] / cl:dtfn]
3/, ljBfno, dlGb/ tyf af6f3] f6f] ;kmf /fVg ;fyLx¿;u“ 5nkmn u/L sfd ug{] of]hgf
agfP . cfdfafa;' “u klg ;Nnfx u/] .
66 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
Ps lbg cl:dtf cf“ugdf v]ln/xs] L lyOg\ . cfdfn] af]nfp“bf cl:dtf ems/]{ afl] ng\ .
cfdfn] To;/L af]Ngs' f] sf/0f ;f]Wbf pgn] cfÇgf] vn] f}gf x/fPsf] s/' f ul/g\ . cfdfn] ems/{]
afN] g gx'g] eg]/ cl:dtfnfO{ ;Demfpge' of] . gd| eP/, lzi6 efiffdf af]Nbf ;an} ] dg
k/fpg] s/' f klg cl:dtfn] cfdfaf6 l;lsg\ . To;kl5 /fhz] / cl:dtf cfdf;u“ af/Ldf uP . aa' fn]
t/sf/L nufpg af/L vGb} xg' x' G' Yof] . cfdfn] t/sf/L /fK] ge' of] . /fhz] / cl:dtfn]
af/Lsf] emf/ l6k/] aflx/ kmfn] . /fhz] sf] 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ ;an} ] dg k/fp5“ g\ . l5ds] L;dt] cfÇgf
5f/] f5f/] LnfO{ /fhz] / cl:dtf h:tf] ag eg/] k/]| 0ff lbG5g\ . of] bv] /] kl/jf/sf ;a} hgf v;' L 5g\ .
cEof; 67
!= cfkm\ gf] d"Nofªs\ g cfkm}“ u/ M
-s_ d efOalxgL / ;fyL;“u ===================== a:5' .
-ldn/] , rn/] , v';L eP/_
-v_ d cfÇgf] afgL Jojxf/ ;w' fg{ ============= u5{' .
-xtf/, ko| f;, ;f]Rg]_
-u_ d cfdfa'afnfO{ ========================= ;xof]u u5{' .
-ef8“ f dfe]m/, vt] vg/] , cfkm" n] hfg] ;s]sf] sfd u/]/_
-3_ d u'? jf cfdfaa' fnfO{ ======================== lbG5' .
-lsg]sf] ;fdfg, d/] f] ;fdfg, e6] ]sf] ;fdfg_
-ª_ d ======================= xG' 5' .
-;a}n] dfof ug,{] ;an} ] ufnL ug{,] ;an} ] xn] f ug_]{
ltdLn] vfnL 7fpd“ f s] s] s/' f e¥of} / lsg < Ps cgR' 5b] nv] .
@= 5f]6f] pQ/ bp] m M
-s_ /fhz] n] cfÇgf] afgL Jojxf/ s;/L ;w' f/ u5g{ \ <
-v_ cl:dtfn] k|Tos] laxfg s] s] sfd ug{] u/s] L 5g\ <
-u_ /fhz] sf] aa' fsf] afgL s:tf] 5 <
-3_ /fh]zn] kfx'gfsf] ;Tsf/ s;/L u/] <
gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
-ª_ xfdLn] c¿sf] wd{ ;+:s[ltk|lt s:tf] Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ <
#= oL sfd u/ M
-s_ ljBfno ;~rfng x'g] lbg / labfsf] lbg ltdLn] ug{] sfdx¿sf] ;r" L agfO{
sIffdf k:| t't u/ .
-v_ ltdL sg' sfd u//] a'afcfdfnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofp“5f} < ;fyL;“u 5nkmn u/ .
-u_ ltdf| ] 3/ kl/jf/af6 ;dfhn] l;Sgk' g]{ s'/fsf cfwf/df b'Oc{ f6] f cgR' 5b] n]v .
-3_ tn lbOPsf rf8kj{x¿dWo] cfkm" ;xefuL xg' ] rf8kj{sf] 5gf6] u/ / ;xefuL
x'gfsf] sf/0f klg pNn]v u/ M
-c_ bz}“ -cf_ xf]nL -O_ a4' hoGtL
-O{_ ls:d; -p_ Ob -pm_ Nxf];f/
-P_ df3L -P}_ 57 -cf_] cGo
-r_ ltdf| ] 3/ cf“ug kmf]xf]/ 5 eg] ltdL s] s] u5f}{ <
d'Vo ;Gb]z
cfkm" n] ;ss] f] sfd cfkmn“} ] ugk{' 5{ . 3/ kl/jf/sf] sfddf ;xofu] k¥' ofpgk' 5{ . c¿sf]
;fdfgkl| t nfe] bv] fpgx' b“' g} . ;ad} f ;j] fefj /fVgk' 5{ . c¿ wd{ ;:+ sl[ tkl| t ;be\ fj /
;lxi0ft' f sfod ugk{' 5{ . ld7f] afn] L jrg / Jojxf/åf/f ;dfhdf cgs' /0fLo gful/s
aGg'k5{ . of] s'/f kl/jf/af6 g} l;Sg'k5{ .
68 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
$ g}ltsjfg\ aGg] tl/sf
ckl] Ift Jojxf/
cfkm" eGbf 7n' fsf] cf1f kfngf ug{
kl/jf/sf hi] 7 ;b:ox¿af6 g}ltsjfg\ x'g] tl/sf l;Sg
k/Dk/fut /fdf| / pkof]uL rng cg;' /0f ug{
;a}sf] enfO x'g] sfd ug{
c¿sf] pksf/ ug{
k|ltdf sIff ^ df k9l\ 5g\ . pgnfO{ g}lts lzIffsf lzIfsn]
3/sf cleefjs;“u ;f]w]/ g}ltsjfg\ x'g] tl/sfsf af/]df
nv] ]/ Nofpm eGge' Psf] lyof] . pSt sfd k/" f ug{ pgL ;a}
eGbf klxnf xh'/a'af;“u ;f]Wg uOg\ . pgn] xh'/a'af;“u
u/]sf] s/' fsfgL o:tf] 5 M
kl| tdf M -xh/' aa' fnfO{ cleefjbg ub_}{ xh'/a'af ¤ cf/fd}
x'g'x'G5 <
xh'/aa' f M l7s} 5 gfgL, s] ug{ cfof} t af <
k|ltdf M xh/' aa' f ¤ cfh :sn' df ld;n] 3/sf] cleefjs;u“
g}ltsjfg\ x'g] tl/sf ;f]w/] cfpg' eGge' Psfn]
xh'/a'af;u“ ;f]Wg cfPsL lg .
xh/' aa' f M dflg; s'/fn] dfq g}ltsjfg\ xf]O“bg} gfgL, Jojxf/n] b]vfpg ;Sg'k5{ .
kl| tdf M s;/L b]vfpg] t xh/' a'af < s] s] sfd ugk{' 5{ t g}ltsjfg\ x'g <
lzIf0f ;'emfj
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ g}ltsjfg\ / c;n xg' sf nflu cfÇgf] 3/ kl/jf/df ePsf rfnrng / cEof;x¿ ;fw] vf]h
u/L Nofpg / sIffdf k:| t't ug{ nufO{ 5nkmn u/fpgx' f;] \ .
g}lts lzIff, sIff ^ 69
xh/' aa' f M c¿sf] cgfjZos bv] fl;sL ugx'{ “b' }g . nf]e ug{'x'“b}g, rf/] L ug{x' “'b}g . c¿sf]
l/; / 8fxf ug{x' b'“ g} . c¿ xfQL r9s] f] bv] ]/ w/' L r9\g' x'b“ g} . cfÇgf] 3f“6L
x/] /] xf8 lgNg'k5{ x} gfgL .
kl| tdf M kl5Nnf] k6s eGg' ePsf] b'O{cf6] f s/' fsf] cy{ dn} ] cln a'lemg“, xh/' a'af ¤
To;sf] cy{ klg atfOlbgx' f];\ g .
xh'/aa' f M c¿n] cfkm" eGbf /fdf| ] nfP, ld7f] vfP eg/] l/; / 8fxf ugx{' b“' g} . cfÇgf] cfDbfgL
/ cj:yfcg';f/ rNgk' 5{ eg]sf] lg gfgL ¤
k|ltdf M P To:tf] kf] . ca d klg xh/' a'afn] eg] h:t} ug]{ sfl] ;; u5'{ . xh/' a'af ¤ g}
ltstf l;sfpg] c¿ klg pvfg 6'Ssf 5g\ eg] cy;{ lxt elglbgx' f;] \ g . dnfO{
t dg k¥of] .
xh/' aa' f M 5g\, sfkL snd lnP/ dn} ] egs] f] s/' f l6k x} t . l6k]sf s'/f ;fyLx¿nfO{
klg ;'gfpm lg .
k|ltdf M xG' 5, xh'/aa' f .
xh/' a'afn] egs] f] pvfg / To;sf] cy{ k|ltdfn] o;/L l6lkg\ M
pvfg 6'Ssf cy{
cfk"m enf] t hut} enf] cfkm" n] /fdf| ] Jojxf/ u/] ;an} ] /fdf| ] Jojxf/ u5g{ \ .
cfkm" klg gug]{, cfl/; u/L dg]{ cfkm" n] s]xL gug{] c¿n] u/s] fdf l/; ug]{ .
Gofp/L df/L k5t' f] ljrf/ gk'¥ofO{ sfd u/]kl5 k5t' fpgk' 5{ .
kfk w'/Laf6 s/fp“5 . g/fdf| ] sfd u/]sf] 5 eg] Ps lbg g Ps lbg
To;sf] g/fdf| ] kmn ef]Ug'k5{ .
a}u'gLnfO{ ug' n] dfg{k' 5{ cfk"mk|lt g/fd|f] Jojxf/ u/] klg cfk"mn] /fd|f]
Jojxf/ bv] fpgk' 5{ .
efO km' 6] u“jf/ n6' ] Pscsfl{ ar k'm6 ePdf ;an} ] xK] 5g\ .
rf/] L u/] aft nfU5 dfu] /fHo rf]/L u/]df To;sf] ;hfo ef]Ug'k5{, dfUof] eg]
ldN5 7'nf] s/' f klg kfpg ;lsG5 .
70 g}lts lzIff, sIff ^
clt u/] vtL xG' 5 sg' } klg rflxg]eGbf a9L eg] eg] xflg x'g'
l/; vf cfk"m al' 4 vf c¿ l/;n] cfkm}“nfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k¥' ofp“5 . al' 4
nufP/ sfd u/] kmfObf xG' 5 .
c¿sf] ;DklQ x]/] cf“vf k'm65\ , 5f]P c¿sf] ;DklQ nf]e u/d] f To;n] xflg k¥' ofp5“ .
xft ef“lrG5, vfP dv' afª\luG5 ei| 6frf/ u/L sdfPsf] wgn] dgdf zflGt ldNbg} .
s;}nfO{ sfvf s;n} fO{ kfvf s;}k|lt e]befj ugx{' “b' g} .
3'; lnGof / lbGof b]zsf zq' x'g\ . 3'; lng] / 3'; lbg] b]zsf zq' x'g\ .
cfuf] tfKg' d9' fsf] s/' f ;G' g' a9' fsf] j[4j4[ f -hi] 7 gful/s_ n] lbPsf] clt{ pkbz]
;'g]/ kfng ugk{' 5{ .
clt{ / cf]vtL slxNo} ld7f] xb“' g} ;G' bf g/fdf| ] nfu] klg egc] g;' f/ u¥of] eg] kmfObf xG' 5 .
c¿sf] nfv cfdfsf] sfv cfÇgf] cfdfafae' Gbf 7n' f] sf]xL klg xb“' g} g\ .
9f6“ ]sf] s/' f sf6] ldNbg} 5nsk6 u/]sf] sfdsf] kf]n Ps lbg vN' 5 .
uf“; 5f8\g' ;fy g5f8\g' vfg nfu]sf] vfg]s/' f 5f8] xG' 5 t/ ;u“ }sf]
;fyLsf] ;fy 5f8\g' x'“b}g .
xh'/aa' f M cfhnfO{ olt l6kL /fv . cGo s'/f ;f]Wgk' g{] eP ltdf| ] cfdfnfO{ ;fw] . d;“u}
;f]Wg] eP csf{] lbg ;f]w x,} gfgL ¤
kl| tdf M xG' 5 xh/' aa' f . d To;} u5'{ .
-k|ltdf cfdf ePsf] 7fpd“ f hflG5g\ .
cfdf M s] 5 va/ 5f]/L ¤
kl| tdf M cfdf ¤ dnfO{ ;/n] gl} tsjfg\ dflg; ag eGge' of] . gl} tsjfg\ aGg s] s] ugk'{ 5{ <
cfdf M g}ltsjfg\ dflg; xg' sf nflu ug{k' g]{ sfdx¿ d eG5,' ltdL sfkLdf l6k x} t .
kl| tdf M -sfkL, snd l7s kfb_}{ xG' 5, cfdf d l6Kg tof/ eP“ .
-kl| tdfn] cfdfn] eGg'ePsf] s'/f o;/L l6lkg\_
gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^ 71
cfkm" eGbf 7n' fsf] cf1f kfng ug'k{ 5{ .
;a};u“ ldn]/ a:gk' 5{ . emu8f ug'{xb“' g} .
cfk"mn] yfns] f] c;n sfd k/" f ug{ nflukgk'{ 5{ .
:jfjnDaL / clx+;fjfbL x'g'k5{ .
7'nf] dfq geO{ c;n dfG5] aGg'k5{ .
;an} fO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ugk'{ 5{ .
c¿sf] bM' vdf ;xofu] ug'k{ 5{ .
e|i6frf/ ug'{ xb'“ }g . ei| 6frf/ ugn{] fO{ ;fdflhs alxisf/ ug'{k5{ .
;ak} |lt ;dfg'el" t bzf{pg'k5{ .
c¿sf] bfhe' fO / lbbLalxgLnfO{ cfÇg} bfh'efO / lbbLalxgL 7fGg'k5{ .
j[4j[4f, c;xfo / czStsf] ;j] f ugk'{ 5{ .
ul/a, b'MvLnfO{ ;xofu] ugk{' 5{ .
cfdf M c¿ klg l6kf6] u5\of}{ ls olt eP k'U5 <
kl| tdf M cfhnfO{ olt eP k'U5 . xh/' aa' fn] eGge' Psf s/' f klg l6k]sL 5' . cfjZos
ePdf kml] / elglbgx' f]nf x} cfdf ¤
cfdf M xG' 5 . cfh ;'Tg hfpm x} .
-k|ltdf ;T' g hflG5g\ ._
k|ltdf M x'G5 cfdf, ze' /fqL ¤
72 g}lts lzIff, sIff ^
cEof;
!= cfkm\gf] d"Nofª\sg cfkm}“ u/ M
tnsf] sf7] ]kbaf6 sDtLdf kf“rcf6] f jfSo vfh] . tL jfSodf s] elgPsf] 5 < ltdL
tL s/' f lsg u5f}{ Ps cgR' 5b] n]v .
cfdfnfO{ dfG5 ' sfd u5{ d ;f“rf ] af]N5'
/fdf| ] rng l;S5 ' sfd ghfgs] f dfG5' ld7f]
d /fdf| ] / lxt x'g ] s/' f dfq u5'{
;dfg rns] f] rng a8fsf ] cfÇgf c;n s/' f d
Jojxf/ kl/jf/df 7n' f /fd/| L cleefjsnfO { d ldlxgt]
u5' { d sndn ] n]V5' ;fW] 5' sfd u5{'
d ;a;} “u /fd|/L ldn]/ a:5' ;xofu] 7'nfnfO{
;w}“ dg nufP/ k95\ ' ;a}nfO { l;S5' cfb/
d c;n aG5' d ;fR] g] u5 '{ l;k u5{'
@= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
-s_ g}lts lzIff lbg] kfr“ cf]6f pvfg 6S' sf n]v .
-v_ gl} tsjfg\ xg' s] s] ug'k{ 5,{ n]v .
-u_ ‘‘dflg; s/' fn] dfq g}ltsjfg\ x'g ;Sbg} , Jojxf/n] b]vfpgk' 5{ .’’ o; egfOnfO{
pbfx/0f;lxt k'li6 u/ .
#= oL sfd u/ M
-s_ sIffdf Ps hgf k|ltdf, Ps hgf xh/' a'af / Ps hgf cfdf eP/ kf7df lbOPsf]
;+jfb xfpefp;lxt k9 .
-v_ kf7df ;j+ fbsf ¿kdf lbOPsf] ljifoj:t'nfO{ ka| GwfTds zn} Ldf nv] ]/ ;g' fpm .
g}lts lzIff, sIff ^ 73
-u_ ltdL klg kl| tdfn] e“m} cfÇgf 3/sf ;a}eGbf Hoi] 7 ;b:onfO{ gl} ts ljsf;df 6j] f
k'¥ofpg] s/' fx¿ ;f]w / l6kf]6 tof/ kf/L sIffdf ;g' fpm .
nfe] gug{' rf]/L gug{'
c¿sf] s'enf] glrtfpg'
cf1f kfng ug'{ gl} tsjfg\ x'g k|f0fLsf] lxt ug{'
c;n 5f]/f÷5f]/L aGg' cfkm\gf] bfloTTj k"/f ug{'
c;n ;fyL aGg'
-3_ ufp“ 3/df kr| lnt gl} ts ljsf;df ;xofu] kU' g] pvfg 6S' sfx¿ ;ªs\ ng u/
/ To;sf] cy{;d]t n]v .
-ª_ ‘‘gl} tstf ;dfh ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf’’ zLifs{ df klqsfsf nflu ;DkfbsLosf]
gd'gf nv] .
74 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
PsfO cg'zf;g tyf
% ;sf/fTds ;f]r
l;sfO pknlAw 75
c¿n] egs] f ;xL s'/fsf] klxrfg sfofG{ jog tyf kfngf ug{
cfÇgf b}lgs sfon{ fO{ plrt Joj:yfkg ug{
cg'zfl;t x'g / ;sf/fTds ;f]rfOsf] ljsf; ug{
gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
! cgz' fl;t hLjg
ck]lIft Jojxf/
:jcg'zfl;t hLjgsf] dxŒj ae' m\g / Jojxf/df ptfg{
k9fO Pjd\ n]vfOdf Wofg lbO{ l;hg{ fTds lj|mofsnfksf] cEof; ug{
lgodfg';f/sf] sfo{ ug{ / ;dosf] kfngf ug{
dfGohgsf] /fo ;e' mfj dgg u/L c¿nfO{ rf]6 gk'¥ofpg] sfd ug{
lzi6, ldlxg]tL / ldng;f/ xg'
cdof{lbt OR5f lgoGq0fsf pkfox¿ cjnDag ug{
lgodkj" {s c;n sfd ug{' cg'zf;g xf] . ;bfrf/leq dfgj hLjgsf c;n u'0fx¿ ;dfjz]
x'G5g\ . k9fO nv] fOdf Wofg lbg', lgodsf] kfngf ug{', cf1fsf/L xg' ', ;T;ªu\ t ug,'{ ld7f]
afn] L jrg / c;n Jojxf/ ug{,' ;dosf] kfngf ug'{ h:tf u'0fx¿ c;n u0' fx¿ xg' \ . c;n
u0' fsf] kfngf ugfn{ ] hLjgnfO{ cg'zfl;t agfp“5 . nugzLn eO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf sfo{ ug{'
klg ;bfrf/ xf] . xfdL an] s' L rf8“ } ;T' gk' 5,{ laxfg rf8“ } p7\g] afgL a;fNgk' 5{ . cfkm" n]
ko| fu] ug{] sk8f, lstfa, sfkL h:tf ;fdfgsf] htg / plrt ko| fu] ugk{' 5{ . ;xL ;dodf vn] sb' /
dgf/] ~hg ugk'{ 5{ . bl} gs ¿kdf ug'k{ g{] sfdsf] ;do tflnsf agfO{ ;f]xLcg;' f/ sfd
ug{] afgL a;fNgk' 5{ . ;s;] Dd w/] } ;do l;hg{ fTds cEof;, ljm| ofsnfk, nv] fO h:tf sfon{ fO{
lzIf0f ;'emfj
cfk"mn] cfkm“}nfO{ cgz' fl;t agfpg] tl/sfaf/] 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ / ljBfyL{n] cgz' fl;t aGg] ko| f; u/]
gu/s] f] b}lgs sfoJ{ ojxf/sf] cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ .
cgz' fl;t hLjg;u“ ;DalGwt ljifo Ifq] x¿sf] ;r" L agfpg nufO{ To;sf af/d] f cGt/ljm| of u/fpgx' f;] \ .
ljBfyL{n] ug]{ u/]sf l;hg{ fTds lj|mofsnfkaf/] kl/of]hgf sfo{ jf k|ltjb] g k:| t't ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
ljBfyLs{ f] OR5fx¿sf] ;"rL ;ª\sng u/L ltgLx¿sf] Joj:yfkg tyf lgoGq0fsf pkfox¿af/] 5nkmn
u/fpgx' f];\ .
ljBfyL{nfO{ cfÇgf] b}lgs sfo{ tflnsf agfpg ;xof]u u/L sIffdf k:| tt' ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / pSt sfo{
tflnsfcg';f/ Jojxf/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
76 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
lbgk' 5{ . 3/fo;L sfd;DaGwL l;h{gfTds sfo{ ubf{ kl/jf/sf] ;xofu] lngk' 5{ . k9fO,
n]vfO;DaGwL l;h{gfTds cEof; ubf{ u'? / ;fyLefO;“u klg ;Nnfx ug{k' 5{ .
lgodsf] kfngf ug{' ;Eo gful/ssf] stJ{ o xf] . ljBofnodf ljBfnosf] cfrf/;+lxtf kfngf
ug'{k5{ . wflds{ :yndf hfb“ f Toxf“sf] lgod kfngf ugk{' 5{ . Toxf“ 6fl“ ;Psf ;r" gf k9g\ k' 5{ .
af6f] sf6b\ f, a; r9b\ f, ;fjh{ lgs :yndf vN] bf, a:bf Toxfs“ f] lgod kfngf ug{'k5{ . le8ef8
x'g] 7fp“df nfOgdf a;L kfnf] kv{g'k5{ . cfk"mnfO{ lgod yfxf geP dfGohgnfO{ ;fW] g'k5{ .
7n' fn] c/fPsf] ;xL sfo{ ;dod} ;DkGg ug'k{ 5{ . pxf“x¿nfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ .
cfÇgf] dgnfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fVgk' 5{ . ld7f] / ;To afN] g'k5{ . cfkm" dfq w/] } af]Ng] ug'x{ b“' g} .
;f/k0" f{ s'/f dfq afN] g] afgLsf] ljsf; ug'k{ 5{ . pxf“x¿sf] efjgfkl| t ;dfg ¿kn] ljZjf;
ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] c¿sf] dfq geO{ cfÇgf] klg ljZjf; ug{ l;Sg'k5{ . dn} ] k9s] f] s/' f
;xL 5, d]/f lzIfsx¿ c;n x'g'x'G5 eGg] h:tf s'/fx¿df ljZjf; ug{ l;Sg'k5{ . k9/]
hfGg] ;'Gg] xf]OG5, ;Eo gful/s algG5 / efl] nsf] hLjg ;'vL x'G5 eGg] tYodf ljZjf;
lngk' 5{ . c¿sf] s'/f sf6\g], s/' f nufpg] afgL /fdf| ] xf]Og .
dgdf w/] } s'/f /fVgx' 'b“ }g . c;n ljrf/cg;' f/ sfd ugk'{ 5{ . o;n] xfd|f] rl/qnfO{ kljq
agfp5“ . kljq jf lgbf{i] f rl/q egs] f] ;fr] fO, af]nfO / u/fOdf zb' \wtf / Ps¿ktf Nofpg'
xf] . o;n] ubf{ xfdLdf cJofjxfl/s OR5f cfp“b}gg\ . c;Dej s'/fsf] rfxgf /fVg' g}
cJofjxfl/s OR5f /fVg' xf] . cJofjxfl/s OR5fn] dg r~rn / czfGt agfp“5 . h;n]
ubf{ s'g} klg JolStn] lgod ljk/Lt / cdofl{ bt sfo{ ug{ yfN5 . gsf/fTds ¿kdf
;fR] g / l/;fpg yfN5 . dnfO{ oxL ;fdfg g} rflxG5 egL lhb\bL ug{' /fd|f] xf]Og .
ljBfno hfg] ;dodf hfqf, kj{ / dn] flt/ hfG5' egL emu8f ug{' /fd|f] xfO] g . o;sf/0f xfdLn]
gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^ 77
/fVg] OR5f slTtsf] Jofjxfl/s 5g,\ ltgLx¿nfO{ lgod ;ª\ut ¿kdf k'/f ug{ ;lsG5 ls
;lsb“ }g eGg] af/]df ljrf/ ugk{' 5{ . dgdf p7s] f s/' f 3/ kl/jf/, ;fyLefO / u'?nfO{
eGg'k5{ . pxf“x¿sf] ;Nnfx, ;'emfj, clt{ pkbz] dfgL sfd ug]{ afgL a;fNgk' 5{ .
xfdLn] ;a} hgf ldn/] a;f“}, ;as} f] lxtsf nflu sfd u/f“} eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; ug{'k5{ .
Psfk;df ldn/] lx8“ \g'k5,{ a:gk' 5{ / k]d| k"js{ s'/fsfgL ug{'k5{ . vfnL tyf km' ;b{ sf] ;dodf
l;hg{ fTds sfd ug{k' 5{ . c¿sf] sfddf ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . s;n} ] cgz' f;g pNnª3\ g
ul//xs] f] 5 eg] To;nfO{ To;f] gug{ ;e' mfj lbg'k5{ . ;dfhsf cu'jfx¿sf c;n cfr/0fsf]
cg;' /0f ugk{' 5{ . ljBfno tyf 5/l5ds] df ldng;f/ eO{ ;fdflhs sfddf ;xofu] ug{k' 5{
h;n] ubf{ xfdLnfO{ cg'zfl;t agfp5“ . o;k|sf/sf afgL tyf Jojxf/n] xfd|f] hLjgdf w]/}
kmfObf k¥' ofp“5 .
cg'zfl;t ¿kdf Jojxf/ ubf{ sfd ;dod} ;DkGg ug{ / cfÇgf] sfd cfkm“} ug{ ;lsG5 .
cfkm" n] ko| fu] ug{] ;fdfgsf] htg xG' 5 . ltgLx¿ w]/} ;do;Dd l6S5g\ . ljrf/ efjgfsf]
sb/ x'g uO{ cfTd;Ddfg a9\5 . ;dosf] jrt ug{ / ke| fjsf/L 9ªu\ n] k|ofu] ug{
;lsG5 . ;fy} sfddf Psn] csf]n{ fO{ ;xof]u ug]{ jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf x'G5 . kfl/jfl/s
;d:of l;h{gf x'g] j|mddf sdL cfp5“ / kfl/jfl/s ;d:of ;dfwfgdf dbt k'U5 .
JolStsf] cg'zfl;t afgL Jojxf/n] ;dfh cgz' fl;t aG5 . ;fdflhs ;d:of sd ug{ dbt
kU' 5 . ;dfhdf x'g] eme} mu8f, czflGt h:tf s'/fdf sdL Nofp“5 . ;dfh cfbz{ ;dfhsf
¿kdf ljsl;t xG' 5 .
ca ltdL s] u5f“} < s] s:tf] afgL Jojxf/ cjnDag u5f{} < 5nkmn u/ .
cEof;
!= cfk\mgf] dN" ofªs\ g cfkm}“ u/ M
-s_ d k9fO n]vfOdf Wofg ==================== .
-c_ lbG5' -cf_ lbGg“
-v_ d}n] bl} gs ¿kdf ug'{kg{] sfdsf] ;do tflnsf agfO{ ;fx] Lcg;' f/ sfd ======== .
-c_ u5{' -cf_ ulbg{ “
78 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
-u_ d]/f] ;fr] fO, egfO / u/fOdf Ps¿ktf ===================== .
-c_ 5 -cf_ 5g}
-3_ d cfk"m dfq w]/} ========================== .
-c_ afN] 5' -cf_ af]lNbg“
-ª_ d ;dosf] ke| fjsf/L 9ª\un] ko| fu] ug{ ============================= .
-c_ ?rfp5“ ' -cf_ ?rfpl“ bg“
-r_ d ;a} 7fpd“ f lgodsf] kfngf ============================ .
-c_ u5{' -cf_ ulbg{ “
@= 5f]6f] pQ/ b]pm M
-s_ ;bfrf/ eg]sf] s] xf] <
-v_ c;n u'0fx¿leq s] s:tf afgL Jojxf/ k5{g\ < sg' } ;ftcf6] f u0' fx¿ n]v .
-u_ xfdLn] sxf“ sxf“ lgodsf] kfngf ug{k' 5{ <
-3_ cJofjxfl/s OR5f eg]sf] s] xf] < pbfx/0f;lxt k|:6 kf/ .
-ª_ lgbf]{if rl/q ljsf; ug{ s] s] ug{'k5{ <
-r_ JolSt cg'zfl;t xb'“ f ;dfhnfO{ s;/L kmfObf k'U5 < j0fg{ u/ .
-5_ cfÇgf cleefjssf] cg'kl:yltdf ltdL s] u5f}{ < nv] .
#= oL sfd u/ M
-s_ ltdLn] cfkm" nfO{ cg'zfl;t gful/s agfpg s] s] k|of; ug{] u/s] f 5f} < l6kf]6
u/L sIffdf k:| tt' u/ .
-v_ ltdf| ] sIffsf ;fyLx¿sf] bO' { ;d"x agfpm . bj' } ;dx" df cgz' fl;t hLjgsf
kmfObfsf af/]df 5nkmn u/L ;d"xut k|:tt' Ls/0f u/ .
-u_ ;xL Pjd\ cg's/0fLo Jojxf/af/] kl/jf/df 5nkmn tyf l6kf]6 u/L sIffdf
k:| t't u/ .
g}lts lzIff, sIff ^ 79
@ :jfjnDaL Jojxf/
ckl] Ift Jojxf/
cfÇgf bl} gs sfox{ ¿sf] tflnsf agfpg / kfngf ug{
cfÇgf ;d:of ;fyL, lzIfs tyf 3/ kl/jf/df JoSt ug{
cfÇgf] sfd cfkm}“ ug]{ afgL a;fNg
jm| fw] jf 3dG8 ug]{ ;fyLnfO{ c;n Jojxf/ k|bzg{ u/L ;'wf/ ug{
3/ kl/jf/df cfOkg{] sfddf cfk\mgf] sfd cfkm}“ ug{]
;l/s xg' ] / ;3fpg]
;do tflnsf agfP/ :jfjnDaL afgL cfkm" nfO{ k/s] f ;d:of
cfkm\ gf sfdx¿ ug]{ ;dfwfgsf nflu nflu kg{]
JolStut, kfl/jfl/s u[xsfo,{ sIffsfo{
tyfljBfnosf] ;/;kmfOdf ;dod} ;DkGg ug]{
;+nUg xg' ]
lzIf0f ;e' mfj
ljBfyL{x¿ cfkm" n] ug]{ bl} gs sfox{ ¿sf] ;"rL agfpg nufO{ cfÇgf] sfd cfkm“} ug]{ afgLsf] cg';/0f ubf{
cjnDag ugk'{ g{] pkfox¿af/] 5nkmn u/fpgx' f];\ .
cfÇgf ;d:ofnfO{ s] s;/L JoSt ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ < To;sf] cjnf]sgsf cfwf/df 5nkmn, cGt/lj|mof u/L
;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu k[i7kfi] f0f k|bfg ug'x{ f;] \ .
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ;j+ u] klxrfg ug]{ / ltgsf] lgoGq0f ug]{ l;ksf af/]df 5nkmn u/fpgx' f;] \ .
ljBfyLx{ ¿n] egfO / u/fOdf Ps¿ktf sfod u/] gu/s] f] cjnfs] g u/L cfjZos ki[ 7kfi] f0f kb| fg ugx{' f;] \ .
80 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
;Gtg' x/]s lbg l7s ;dodf p7g\ ] / xft dv' w'g] u5g{ \ . To;kl5 k9\g,] n]Vg] tyf
3/sf sfddf ;xofu] ug]{ u5{g\ . o;sf nflu pgn] ;do tflnsf agfPsf 5g\ . ;Gtgs' f]
Jojxf/ bv] /] pgsf aa' fcfdf ;Gti' 6 xg' x' G' 5 . cfÇgf ;fdfgsf] htg ug{ ;Gtg'n] /fd|/L
hfgs] f 5g\ . cfkm" n] ko| fu] ug{] sk8fsf,] ;/;fdfgsf,] a:g] sf7] fsf] / sIff sf7] fsf] ;/;kmfO
pgL cfkm}“ u5g{ \ . ljBfnosf sIffsfo,{ u[xsfo{ cflb klg ;dod} u5g{ \ . cfk"mn] ghfgs] f]
s'/f lzIfs;u“ ;fW] 5g\ . cfÇgf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ cfkm“} cu;| / x'G5g\ .
;Gtgn' ] 3/sf] sfdsfhdf ;xofu] ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . cfÇgf] Ifdtfn] EofP;Dd pgn] efG;fdf
xg' ] sfddf ;xofu] u5{g\ . vt] LkftLsf sfddf ;xofu] ug{ pgL tTk/ xG' 5g\ . k"hfkf7
ug{] sfddf ;xofu] ug'{ pgsf] b}lgs sfd g} ePsf] 5 . sfd ;lsPkl5 sfddf k|of]u ePsf
;/;fdfg l7s 7fp“df cfkm“n} ] /fV5g\ . vfgf /fd|/L vfG5g\ . vfgf tyf vfhf v/] kmfNg]
sfd pgn] slxNo} klg u/s] f 5g} g\ . pgn] k9\g,] nV] g], vN] g,] /l] 8of] ;G' g,] l6eL xg] ,{] ;dfrf/
k9g\ ] / ;G' g] h:tf sfo{ ug{] ;do tflnsf agfPsf 5g\ .
;Gtgs' f] ;f]rfO klg Hofb} /fdf| ] 5 . pgL cfk"mn] ;Sg] sfd cfkm}“ ug'{k5{ eG5g\ . ;fyLnfO{
;d:of k/]sf a]nf ;xofu] ug{ nflu k5g{ \ . pgn] ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;d:of k/s] f a]nf cflQg x“'b}
g egL ;Demfpg] u5g{ \ . ;fyL;“u /fdf| ] Jojxf/ ug{k' 5{ eG5g\ / u5{g\ klg . pgsf] ;'vdf
gdflQg] / 3dG8 gug{] afgL 5 . o;n] ubf{ pgnfO{ ;a};“u ldn/] sfd ug{ ;xofu] ku' s] f]
5 . a:g,] vN] g] / k9g\ ] 7fpd“ f kmfx] f]/ ug{x' b'“ }g eg/] ;an} fO{ ;Demfp5“ g\ . sfd ubf{ cfPsf
kmf]xf/] dn} fnfO{ tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf Çof“S5g\ . h] ug{ ;lsG5 Tof] dfq afN] gk' 5{ / afn] c] g;' f/
sfd ugk{' 5{ eG5g\ . ;Gtg' ;w“} ;fr“ f] / ;To afN] gk' g{] s/' f u5{g\ .
pgL p7g\ l] alQs} xftdv' wG' 5g,\ Wofg u5{g\, dgnfO{ Psfu| kf5{g\ . ;fdfGo s;/t klg
u5{g\ . clg cfk"mn] tof/ u/]sf] ;do tflnsfcg';f/ sfd ug{ yfN5g\ . ;Gtg' k9n] v] s] f
gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^ 81
s/' fnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ tTk/ /xG5g\ . ;fyL / efO alxgLnfO{ klg To;} ug{ ;Nnfx
lbG5g\ . k9]n]v]sf s'/f Jojxf/df g} cEof; u/]sfn] ;Gtg'n] k/LIffdf ;w}“ /fdf| ] cª\s
Nofp“5g,\ pgL km' lt{nf 5g\ . pgn] ko| f]u ug]{ ;/;fdfg /fd|f 5g\ . ;Gtg'n] ;dod} u[xsfo{
/ sIffsfo{ ae' mfPsf sf/0f :ofaf;L kfp5“ g\ . ;an} ] pgnfO{ dg k/fp“5g\, pgsf] k|z;+ f
u5g{ \ . ;Gtgs' f] h:t} :jfjnDaL Jojxf/ ug{ ;a} hgf nflu k/s] f 5g\ .
s] ltdLn] klg ;Gtgn' ] h:t} Jojxf/ ug{] u/]sf 5f} < ltdLn] u/]sf / ;Gtg'n] u/s] f
Jojxf/lar s] s:tf leGgtf kfof} < :jfjnDaL xg' xfdLn] s] s:tf Jojxf/sf] ljsf; ugk'{ g{]
/x]5 < Psk6s ltdL klg ;f]r x} t ¤
cEof;
!= cfk\mgf] d"Nofªs\ g cfkm“} u/ M
-s_ d sIff sf7] fsf] ;/;kmfOdf Wofg
-c_ lbG5' -cf_ lbGg“
-v_ d 3/sf] sfdsfhdf ;xofu]
-c_ u5{' -cf_ ulb{g“
-u_ d ;fyLnfO{ ;d:of k/]sf] a]nf ;xof]u
-c_ u5'{ -cf_ ulb{g“
-3_ d cfk"mn] k|of]u ug{] ;/;fdfgsf] htg cfkmn“} ] ug]{
-c_ u5{' -cf_ ulb{g“
-ª_ d Jofofd / s;/t
-c_ u5'{ -cf_ ulb{g“
@= 5f6] f] pQ/ bp] m M
-s_ ;Gtg'n] s'g sg' sfd cfkm}“n] u5g{ \ <
-v_ ;Gtgn' fO{ sg' s'g sfd ug{ ;d:of k/]sf] 5g} <
82 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
-u_ ;Gtg'sf afgL Jojxf/dWo] sg' s'g ltdf| ] afgL Jojxf/;“u ldN5g\ < n]v .
-3_ ;Gtg'sf ;/;fdfg lsg /fdf| x'G5g\ < sf/0f n]v .
-ª_ xfdLn] sg' sg' s/' fdf ljzi] f Wofg lbg'k5{ < n]v .
#= oL sfd u/ M
-s_ ltdLn] 3/kl/jf/df cfOkg{] s'g s'g sfddf ;l/s x'g] / ;3fpg] u/s] f
5f} < ;"rL agfO{ ;fyL;u“ 5nkmn u/ .
-v_ ltdLn] Ps xKtfel/ u/s] f JolStut / 3/fo;L sfdsf] lbg / ;do vN' g] u/L
tflnsfdf k|:t't u/ .
-u_ cfÇgf] b}lgs ;do tflnsf / ;fyLsf] bl} gs ;do tflnsflar tn' gf u/L
ltgLx¿sf af/]df lzIfs;u“ 5nkmn u/ .
-3_ ltdL / ;Gtgs' f] Jojxf/lar s] s:tf] ;dfgtf 5g\ / leGgtf l6kf6] u/ .
d'Vo ;Gb]z
cfkmg\ f] sfd cfkm}“n] ug{] afgL a;fNgk' 5{ . cfk\mgf ;/;fdfgsf] htg ug'k{ 5{ .
;/n Jofofd / s;/t k|Tos] lbg ugk{' 5{ . k9fO, n]vfO;DaGwL sfo{df Wofg
lbO{ cGo sfdsf] ;do tflnsf lgwf/{ 0f ug{'k5{ . cfkm\ gf] kfl/jfl/s sfddf
;l/s xg' 'k5{ . sfd ubf{ ;w“} x“l;nf] eO{ ug'{k5{ . sfd ubf{ ;d:of cfP eg]
tL ;d:of gn'sfO{ dfGohg tyf ;fyLefO;u“ JoSt ug]{ afgL a;fNg'k5{ . xfdf| ]
;f]rfO, egfO / u/fOdf ;dtf Nofpg'k5{ .
gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^ 83
# cfbz{ ;f]rfO / Jojxf/
ck]lIft Jojxf/
;sf/fTds ;f]rsf ;fy sfo{ ug{
cGwljZjf;, s/' Llt cflbaf6 d'St eO{ kl/jtg{ sf nflu tTk/tf b]vfpg
;sf/fTds Pjd\ kz| ;+ gLo sfos{ f] cg;' /0f ug{
:j:y lrGtgsf kmfObfx¿ atfpg / Jojxf/df cjnDag ug{
c¿sf] ljrf/ / hLjgkl| t, lzIffk|lt,
efjgfsf] sb/ ug{] eljiok|lt pRr cfsfª\
cfÇgf s/' f Iff lng] ;f]r
lgwS{ s;u“ c;n sfd ug{ ;lsG5
/fVgk' 5{ eGg] ;f]r eGg] ;f]r
;fdflhs dN" o dfGotfnfO{ lgM:jfy{ ;fr]
kj| w{g ug]{ ;fr]
;dfg Jojxf/ c;n /
ljZjf; ug]{ ;f]r ug]{ ;f]r w/] } sfd ug]{
{ ;f]r
;fdflhs lxt /
enfOsf nflu
nflukg]{
s'/f sd ug]{ t/ sfd ;d:of / c;kmntfdf
w]/} ug{] ;f]r
hft, ju,{ lnª\u klg cj;/ xG' 5 eGg]
cflbsf cfwf/df ;f]r
cfb {z ; ]frfO ljeb] ug{ gxg' ] ;fr]
lzIf0f ;'emfj
l;4 k'?ifsf] hLjgL atfO{ pgLx¿sf] cgs' /0fLo kIf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/fpgx' f;] \ / cfÇgf] Jojxf/df
ptfg{ ;lsg] s/' f l6kf]6 u/L k|:tt' ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .
84 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
;w“} c;n sfd ugs{ f nflu ;f]Rg] / tof/ x'g] sfo{ cfbz{ ;fr] fO xf] . c;n ;f]rfOcg'¿ksf]
Jojxf/ cfbz{ Jojxf/ xf] . xfdLn] cfk"m sxf“ hfg,] s;/L hfg,] s] s] sfd ug]{ egL ljrf/
ugk'{ 5{ . cfkm" lx8“ s] f] af6f], cfkm" n] ;fr] ]sf] / u/s] f] sfd l7s 5 ls 5g} egL ;f]Rg] afgL
a;fNgk' 5{ . ;d:of eP ;w' f/ ug{ ;Sgk' 5{ . cfÇgf d"No dfGotf s] s] x'g\ egL :ki6
x'g'k5{ . c¿sf d"No dfGotf hfGg] / a‰' g] ko| f; ug{'k5{ . cfk"mn] u/s] f] Jojxf/n] c¿sf]
efjgfdf rf6] k'us] f] 5 jf 5g} egL ljrf/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . cfkm“}nfO,{ cfÇgf] kl/jf/nfO,{ u?'
tyf dfGohgnfO{ ljZjf; ugk'{ 5{ . oL afgL / Jojxf/ ;sf/fTds Pjd\ cfbz{ ;fr] sf pkh
x'g\ . ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf ;fy Jojxf/ ug'{ eg]s} :j:y lrGtg cjnDag ug{' xf] . s'g} klg
sfd ubf{ To;df ;kmntf jf c;kmntf kf| Kt ug]{ plQs} ;Defjgf /xG5 . ;kmntf k|fKt
u/k] l5 dflQg] / c;kmntf k|fKt u/]kl5 lg/fz x'g] sfo{ :j:y lrGtg xfO] g . ;kmntfdf
;o+ ldt eO{ To;sf] lg/Gt/tftkm{ cl3 a9\g' :j:y lrGtgsf] pkofu] ug{' xf] . c;kmntfdf
lg/fz geO{ c;kmntfsf sf/0f kTtf nufpg' / ;w' f/sf] ko| f; ug{' :j:y lrGtg cjnDag
ug{' xf] . zflGt / ;Gtfi] fsf] efjgfcg'¿k hLjgofkg ug'{ klg :j:y lrGtg cg';/0f ug'{
xf] . ;j] f, k/fk] sf/ tyf ;xof]u ug{ tTk/ /xg' klg :j:y lrGtg xf] . :jfy{ Tofu u/L
cfTdcgz' f;gdf /xg' :j:y lrGtgsf] kfngf ug{' g} xf] .
gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^ 85
ljBfyL{n] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf l;Sg' / l;s]sf s/' f Jojxf/df kb| zg{ ug'k{ 5{ . c¿nfO{ klg c;n
Jojxf/ kb| z{g ug{ kf| ]T;flxt ugk{' 5{ . sltko ;dodf k/LIff lbg], gd'gf k|:tt' ug{] tyf
kl| t:kwfT{ ds k|ltof]lutfdf efu lng] h:tf sfo{x¿ ug'k{ 5{ . o;df k"0f{ ;kmntf, cf+lzs
;kmntf Pjd\ c;kmntf klg kf| Kt xg' ;S5g\ . o;tkm{ ;a} ljBfyL{ ;r]t /xg'k5{ . Pp6f
sfddf k0" f{ ;kmntf kf| Kt ug{] ljBfyLn{ ] csf{] sfddf ;kmntf kf| Kt gug{] ;Defjgf klg /xG5 .
ctM Pp6f sfddf k|fKt ePsf] ;kmntfnfO{ csf]{ sfd ;DkGg ubf{;Dd lg/Gt/tf lbg] ;f]r
xfdLn] /fVg'k5{ . o;n] x/s] sfok{ l| t ;sf/fTds agfO/fVg xfdLnfO{ dbt u5{ . s'g} sfd
ubf{ cfl+ zs ;kmntf kf| Kt eof] eg] cfk"mn] cfl+ zs ¿kdf ;kmntf k|fKt ug'{ Pjd\ csf{n] k"0f{
;kmntf k|fKt ug's{ f sf/0f klxrfg u/L k0" f{ ;kmntf kf| Kt ug{ cu;| / /xg'k5{ . olb sg' }
sf/0fjz Pp6f sfo{df c;kmntf k|fKt eof] eGbd} f lg/fz xg' x' '“bg} . To; sfo{df c;kmntf
ldn] klg csf]{ sfddf k"0f{ ;kmntf ldNg ;S5 . To;}n] xfdLn] k|of; ul//xg'k5{ .
nfe] L, :jfyL{ Pjd\ cxª\sf/L ;fr] :j:y lrGtg xf]Og . o; k|sf/sf lrGtgcg';f/ JolStn]
cfbz{ Jojxf/ ug{ ;Sbg} g\ . nf]e, dfx] , t[i0ff, :jfy{ h:tf s/' fx¿n] JolSt tyf ;dfhsf]
ljsf;df ;dt] afwf u5g{ \ . To:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ xfdLn] dgdf kj| ]z ug{ lbg'xb“' }g . xfdLn] t
kl/>ddf ljZjf; ugk'{ 5{ . >d / ;/ntf g} xfdL dfgjsf klxrfg x'g\ . o;n] dfgl;s
Pjd\ zf/Ll/s ¿kdf xfdLnfO{ :j:y agfp5“ . nfe] n] dflg;nfO{ kfk sdl{ t/ ws]N5 .
To;kl5 dflg;n] ck/fw ug{ l;S5, h;n] ubf{ JolSt :jod\ czfGt aGg ;S5 . o;n]
;dfhdf cgs] ljs[ltx¿ kb} f x'G5g\ . xfdLn] xfdf| ] hLjgdf zflGt / ;Gtfi] fsf] efjgfcg'¿k
sfd ug'k{ 5{, h;n] xfdf| ] hLjgdf ;fbfkg Nofp“5 . ;fy} xfdLn] cWoog, dgg, ;]jf,
k/fk] sf/ tyf ;xofu] h:tf dfgjLo dN" odf cfwfl/t sfddf ;w“} lh1f;' Pjd\ tTk/ /xgk' 5{ .
cfbz{ ;f]r / Jojxf/ ug{] afgLn] ;dfhnfO{ klg kmfObf k'U5 . o; ks| f/sf] ;f]r /
Jojxf/af6 xfd|f] ;dfhdf /xs] f s/' Llt Pjd\ sk' y| fx¿ cGTo ug{ dbt k'U5 . h'jftf;,
hf8“ /S;L ;]jg / cGo nfu' kbfy{sf] b'Jo;{g h:tf kIfx¿ lgdn"{ ug{ ;xofu] k'U5 . o;af6
x/s] JolStx¿ ;xL sfddf nfU5g\ . ;dosf] ;bk' of]u ug{ ;S5g\ . ;dfhsf ;d:ofsf]
sf/0f vfh] L ug{ nflu k5g{ \ . ;dfhsf] enfOsf nflu ;w}“ ;sf/fTds x'G5g\ . cfÇgf s'/f
:ki6 / lgwS{ s;“u /fVg] afgLsf] ljsf; x'G5 . ctM cfbz{ ;f]r / Jojxf/af6 ;dfhdf
/x]sf ljleGg ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg xg' hfG5 / ;dfhsf] ljsf; x'G5 .
;Hhgx¿sf] c;n afgL / Jojxf/ ;DklQsf ¿kdf /xG5 . o:tf JolStx¿ pksf/L
xG' 5g\ . pgLx¿ ljgoL klg xG' 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] ljrf/ / efjgfdf ;G' b/tf /xG5 . ;Hhgx¿
1fg, w}o{ Pjd\ ;+jb] gzLntfn] el/k"0f{ xG' 5g\ . pgLx¿n] cxª\sf/ / Oi{ ofn{ fO{ lgoGq0f ug{
86 gl} ts lzIff, sIff ^
;S5g\ . cfbz{ ;fr] / Jojxf/af6 sfgg' sf] kfngf ug,{] cfb/, ;Ddfg / ljZjf;sf
;fy sfd ug]{ Pjd\ /fi6«nfO{ dfof ug]{ efjgfsf] ljsf; xG' 5 . ;fy} ;Tosf] jsfnt ug,{]
lhDdj] f/ eO{ ;fdflhs sfd ug{] tyf pT;fx / ;ljm| otf h:tf afgL Jojxf/sf] cjnDag
ug]{ afgL a:5 . of] g} cfbz{ ;fr] cg¿' ksf] Jojxf/ xf] .
db/ 6]/];f, Çnf/] G] ; gfOl6ªu\ n] , a'4, u?' gfgs, xh/t dxDdb, :jfdL ljjs] fgGb, dxfTdf
ufGwL, vKt8 :jfdL, :juå{ f/L dxfkd| e,' u?' kmfNug' Gb h:tf l;4 dfgjx¿n] cg'zfl;t hLjgsf]
;Gb]z lbPsf 5g\ . ;fy} ufdL{ dq} o] , hokY[ jLaxfb/' l;+x, k/f]ksf/ ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks
bofjL/l;+x s;+ fsf/ / rvf{ kr| f/ cfGbf]ngsf gt] f t'n;Ldx] /] >]i7 h:tf k/f]ksf/L JolStn]
;]jf, k/fk] sf/ tyf ;xof]usf] efjgf km}nfPsf 5g\ . ltgLx¿ lgM:jfy{ ¿kdf ;dfh
;j] fdf ;dlk{t ePsf lyP . ltgLx¿sf sfoa{ f6 cfh;Dd klg c;ªV\ o lbgb'MvL, ul/a /
c;xfo JolStx¿n] ;xof]u kf| Kt u/s] f 5g\ . ctM pgLx¿sf] sfo{zn} Lsf] cg';/0f u/L xfdf| ]
Jojxf/df ;w' f/ ug{'k5{ .
cEof;
!= cfk\mgf] d"Nofª\sg cfkm}“ u/ M
-s_ d cfkm" n] u/]sf / ug{ nfus] f sfd ;xL 5g\ ls 5g} g\ egL =================== .
-c_ ;f]R5' -cf_ ;fl] Rbg“
-v_ d dfGohgnfO{ ljZjf; ============================= .
-c_ u5'{ -cf_ ulb{g“
-u_ d cfkm“n} ] cgz' f;gsf] kfngf u/L c¿nfO{ klg To;} ug{ k|]l/t =============== .
-c_ u5{' -cf_ ulb{g“
-3_ dnfO{ c¿sf] wg ;DklQ bv] L nfe] =============================== .
-c_ nfU5 -cf_ nfUb}g
-ª_ d ;Hhgsf] afgL Jojxf/ cg';/0f =========================== .
-c_ u5{' -cf_ ulb{g“
g}lts lzIff, sIff ^ 87
@= 5f6] f] pQ/ b]pm M
-s_ cfbz{ ;f]r ljsf; ug{ s] s] ugk{' 5{ < s'g} rf/ sfd n]v .
-v_ ljBfyL{n] s] s] ugk'{ 5{ <
-u_ cfbz{ ;f]r / Jojxf/n] ;dfhnfO{ s;/L kmfObf k'U5 < n]v .
-3_ ;Hhgx¿n] s] s] u5g{ \ < s'g} kfr“ cf6] f sfd n]v .
-ª_ xfdL s;/L ;Eo gful/s aGg ;S5f}“ < ljrf/ k|:tt' u/ .
#= oL sfd u/ M
-s_ xfd|f] ;dfhdf /xs] f s'/Lltx¿ s] s] x'g\ < ltgLx¿sf] lg/fs/0f ug{ s] s]
ug'k{ 5{ < ;fyLx¿sf] ;d"x agfO{ 5nkmn u/ .
-v_ c;n l5ds] Lsf] Jojxf/x¿ s:tf x'g'k5{ < 3/kl/jf/df ;fw] / l6kf]6 u/L
k:| t't u/ .
-u_ ltdf| ] kl/jf/sf] cfbz{ ;fr] fO / Jojxf/ 5 ls 5g} , cWoog u/L ;w' f/sf nflu
5nkmn u/ .
-3_ ltdLn] b]v]sf c;n JolStsf] Jojxf/af/] cg'R5]b n]vL lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .
-ª_ c;n ;fr] tyf cfbz{ Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{ sf/0fx¿sf] ;"rL agfO{ ;fyLefO;u“
5nkmn u/ .
d'Vo ;Gb]z
xfdLn] ;s;] Dd ;fbf hLjg latfpg] ko| f; ugk{' 5{ . ljnfl;tf / t8se8snfO{ cg;' /0f
ugx{' b“' g} . ;/n / ;sf/fTds ;fr] cfkm\ gf] hLjgdf nfu' ugk{' 5{ . o;n] xfdf| ] ;fr] /
Jojxf/nfO{ ;xofu] L, pksf/L / kmnbfoL agfpg ;xofu] k¥' ofp5“ . ;fbf hLjg / pRr
ljrf/n] dflg;nfO{ ;Eo agfp“5 . ;Eo dflg;n] ;a} vfnsf cGwljZjf;,
s/' Llt Pjd\ s'ky| fsf] lg/fs/0f ug{ ;ljm| o e"ldsf v]N5 . o;sf nflu xfdLn]
;w}“ /fdf| ] ;fr] tyf cfbz{ Jojxf/ ug{ tTk/ x'gk' 5{ .
88 g}lts lzIff, sIff ^
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NAITIK GRADE 6
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