1 JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM POLITEKNIK UNGKU OMAR SESI I : 2023/20234 COURSE CODE: DCG 40143 COURSE NAME: GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM ASSESSMENT: LAB 3 DATE: 04 DECEMBER 2023 NAME : SHALINI A/P MATHURAVIRAN MATRIK NO : 01DGU21F2023 COURSE SECTION: DGU4A COURSE SECTION : DGU4A/DGU4B/DGU4C LECTURER COURSE NAME : FAUZUL AZHAN BIN ABDUL AZIZ INSTRUCTION: 1. Manipulate Spatial data analysis 2. Please return your the question and answer (softcopy) in CIDOS TOPIC TITLE CLO DOMAIN MARKS3 Spatial Data model and structures 2 P4 205 Spatial Analysis TOTAL 20Prepared by: Checked by …..………………………………. FAUZUL AZHAN BIN ABDUL AZIZ Pensyarah Kursus/Penyelaras Kursus DCG 40143– GIS
2 TABLE CONTENT NO CONTENT PAGES 1.0 INTRODUCTION 32.0 OBJECTIVE 33.0 INSTRUMENT 34.0 PROCEDURE Part A : Spot height in CSV format Part B : Spatial Analysis ( proximity analysis and map Overlay ) Part C : Digital Surface Model(DSM) and and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Part D : Spatial Analysis ( proximity analysis and map Overlay ) Part E : Spatial Analysis (map Overlay ) Part F : Raster to Vector or Vector to Raster conversion 4-235.0 RESULT AND ANALYSIS Part A : Spot height in CSV format Part B : Spatial Analysis ( proximity analysis and map Overlay ) Part C : Digital Surface Model(DSM) and and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Part D : Spatial Analysis ( proximity analysis and map Overlay ) Part E : Spatial Analysis (map Overlay ) Part F : Raster to Vector or Vector to Raster conversion 23-306.0 CONCLUSION 30
3 1.0 INTRODUCTION GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) emphasizes the utilization of computer software, databases, and survey technology via hands-on exercises in field data collection, input, conversion, analysis, map output and multimedia presentation. Students are exposed with the knowledge andskillsgained in these studies can be applied to work in various industrial sectors, including surveying, mapping,local and regional government, forestry, agriculture, town planning, military, health, business, educationand the environment. 2.0 OBJECTIVES The purpose of the practical work is to make sure the students be able to; 1. Define spatial analysis 2. Specify the output of spatial analysis 3. Distinguish types of spatial analysis 3.0 INSTRUMENTS INSTRUMENT NAME QUANTITYDATAFROM 1 WEBODM 1
4 4.0 PROCEDURE A. Spot height in CSV format 1. Create point using X and Y coordinate from CSV data 2. Examine the attribute data Create point X and Y by add layer- add delimited text layer to add theexcel file. Atrribute table shows the data value of X,Yand Z
5 3. Export points data in shapefile Add vector layer to import ESRI shapefile of spot height > Click browser tosavethe file> set coordinates EPSG 3375-GDM 2000 /Peninsula RSO Spot height
6 4. Create DEM with cell size 50 meters, 100 meters and 150 meters To create DEM >click on processing>toolbox>interp olation> TIN interpolation Linear>extent calculate layer> spot height>pixel size 50>save file>run to process DEM 50meter Linear>extent calculate layer> spot height>pixel size 100>save file>run to process DEM 100meter Linear>extent calculate layer>spot height>pixel size 150>save file>runtoprocess DEM 150meter
7 5. Create TIN Tin interpolation> extent calculate from layer>set pixel size 50> save file> click run to process tin Tin interpolation> extent calculate fromlayer>set pixel size 100 >save file>click runto process tin Tin interpolation> extent calculate from layer>set pixel size 150> save file> click runto process tin
8 6. Create Contour in 10 meters, 15 meters and 20 meters interval. Raster> Extraction> Contour DEM 50> Interval betweencontour>save file as contour-50-10m>click run to process DEM 50> Interval between contour>save file as contour-50-15m> click run to process DEM 50> Interval betweencontour>save file as contour-50-20m> click run to processDEM 100> Interval between contour>save file as contour-100-10m> click run to process DEM 100> Interval betweencontour>save file as contour-100-15m>clickrunto process DEM 100> Interval between contour>save file as contour-100- 20m> click run to process
9 7. Show profiles in QGIS for DEM DEM 150> Interval between contour>save file as contour-150- 20m> click run to process DEM 150> Interval between contour>save file as contour-150-10m> click run to process DEM 150> Interval betweencontour>save file as contour-150-15m> click run to process Plugin the Profile tool into the QGIS to get to identify the terrain profile for each DEM which are DEM 50,DEM100,and DEM 150
10 8. Extract the cell value using polygon( zonal statistics method) and sample raster values for individualpoint 9. Extract the raster statistics (min, max, mean) using raster layer statistics in raster analysis Open Processing Toolbox>raster analysis> zonal statistics> create statistics 50 Create shape-filefor polygon to start theonal statistics method Zonal Statistics>input rasterlayer DEM150>statisticstocalculate>tick oncount,sum,mean,min,max>clickrun to process zonal statistics.
11 PART B 1) Add road and lot in GIS software The table attributeof statistic Determine the pixel size for each pixel 627.80392. Click Layer > Add Layer > Add Vector Layer Choose file>Select jalan &Lot >Besidesfile name>ClickESRIShapefiles >Clickopen.Right click > Select properties > Click source Search Johor Gridtojalan andlot >ClickOK
12 2) Examine the attribute data. 3) Compute area for each land parcels. Right click > Open attribute table Create luas > Decimal Number > OK Open Field Calculator Tick update > Choose area > Geometry $Area > double click >OKThe attribute data LOT which are shows pemilik,bangsa, alamat, poskod, and no geran
13 4) Create road buffer at 10 meters buffers distance. Save file in Part B save Buffer -10. 5) Perform intersect between road buffer and lots. Save to the file type lot and Buffer. Then, runimage.Open Attribute Table > Then, see all the table created. Click vector>geoprocesing tool>buffer Input layer > click jalan baru > distance 10m>Save to file Buffer 10 > Click Save. Double check left and right so that it is the same , which is 10m.
14 6) Compute the area for each land parcels for compensation 7) Compute the remaining area for each land parcels Add field> named luas pampasan and baki pampasan> type decimal number> length 10> precision 3 Geometry >AREA- L_PAMPASAN > Click bothof them > click OK. This selected lots will get pay high proximity to the owner Open Attribute table>see the harga of owner proximity. Click selected expression> geometry and click baki pampasan = 0 > Then baki pampasan = 400 > OK
15 PART C 1) Add images data in WEBODM software 2) Examine the images data Click New Project >nama (LAB2 PART C)>Create project Select all the image data >OK Complete all the following information by click on the 'edit task options' section by marking right on the empty space and make sure that in the 'end with' box, change it to odm.postprocess
16 3) Process images data using WebODM data to produce Orthophoto, Digital Surface Model(DSM)andandDigital Terrain Model (DTM) Resizing images must be perfect because the image data to be processed aims to show a clear orthophoto image. Then, we will get the images in Orthophoto,DSM,DTM and also in point clouds from the WEBODM
17 4) Export the Orthophoto, DSM and DTM from WebODM to view in QGIS software 5) Set the EPSG as 3375 6) Add Profile tool plugin in QGIS After the orthophoto image > click the surface model > the image looks blurry and lacks clarity on the design Surface model > Terrain model Click >Custom EPSG > 3375> Click GeoTIFF (RGB) Layer > Add layer >Add point cloud layer Open file > click file you are done save
18 7) Show Orthophoto, DSM and DTM from WebODM in QGIS software 8) Create layer and digitize the building and road on Orthophoto image using QGIS software 1. PART D Provided data: Sungai.shp & Kilang.shp Click layer > Vector > copy two type > add and OK > Save to file part D > Search buffer then click Layer > Create layer >Newshapefile > Import file >linestring > EPSG; 3375/GDM2000 > OKDTMDSM ORTHOPHOTO
19 2. Create a 5m buffer around Sungai and named the output as sungai_Buffer 3. Perform spatial overlay analysis (point-on-polygon) for feature class kilang with sungai_Buffer Key in and select data > Add and save to the file with BUFFER > Save Input layer > sungai > distance 2.5m save to file with buffer >clickrun. Propeties > symbology > change colour sungai > OK Vector > geoprocessing tools > intersection >point and buffer > save to file “INTERSECTION” > Save then run > Propeties and show label > OK
20 PART E 1) Provided data: JTanah.shp & Sungai.shp 2) Perform spatial overlay analysis (line-on-polygon) for feature class Sungai with Jtanah. Giveanoutput name: sgJtanah. Add vector layer> add data Jtanah.shp and Sungai,shp>label to show labels for named of ‘tanah’ and ‘sungai’> apply >ok Vector> geoprocessing tool> intersection know findout the length of ‘Sungai’ intersct with ‘Tanah’ This table attributes showsthat the Length of “Sungai”Ara in type B andalsohavedetails of other lengthof other “Sungai”
21 PART F 1. Convert Raster to Vector (Point, line, polygon) 2) Convert Vector to Raster (Point, line, polygon) Input layer make sure "V2R 1 and V2R 10" and click RUN Click raster >Clickconversion thenclick‘polygon raster tovector”After clicking on'RUN"raster to vecter is generated The vector data after classify the labels and colors of area
22 Click create layer >New shapefile layer > then create new folder to save “POLIGON’ Click Project >snipping options Right click > Open attibute table >make a new column by classifying 4 plants which is cocoa, rubber, rice fields and palmoil click on Properties then click on 'SYMBOLOGY" to differentiate the attibute data types
23 6.0 RESULT AND ANALYSIS PART A 1. Discuss your findings Part A includes details regarding how to create coordinate points, X and Y, using data CVSthat isdetermined in an attribute table in GIS software. Following the cell size recommendations for creatingthe DEM file, we subsequently have to create TIN and contour and extract the DEMfile to raster analysisusing the zonal statistic method. So, we have learn how to create DEM, TIN, CONTOURandZonal statisticmethods. 2. Illustrate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) DEM 50 Profile of DEM 50 which are showing ascending to descending order and decsending to ascending Process of TIN 50 click on conversion > then 'vector to raster' to convert and then create a new file to separate the data that has been filled with complete information.
24 DEM 100 Process of TIN 100 Process of TIN 150 Profile of DEM100 which are showing ascending to descendingorder and decsending to ascendingProfile of DEM150 which are showing ascending to descendingorder and decsending to ascendingDEM 150
25 3. Differentiate the raster data in term of data storage, the cell saiz and spatial resolution 4. Find the individual raster value using sample raster values Cell Size DEM 50 DEM 100 DEM150 Data Storage 155KB 30KB 14KBSpatial Resolution high medium lowThe individual size of DEM 50 =627.80392 The individual sizeof DEM 100 =393.4023The individual size of DEM 150 =636.89981
26 5. Find min, max and mean for raster using zonal statistics 6. Find raster statistics (min, max, mean) using raster layer statistics in raster analysis PART B 1) Depending on the current market value of the property; for this exercise, the market price for 1m2=RM400. Attribute table show the min,max and mean values of statistics 50.
27 2) Compute the compensation received by each landowner in m2 PART C 1) Differentiate between Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) DIGITAL SURFACE MODEL (DSM) DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL (DTM) - Digital surface Modal (DSM) represents the MSL elevations of the reflective surfaces of trees, buildings and other features elevated above the “Bare Earth” - Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) provide a topographic model of the bare earth. This field calculator fpr find the value of “pampasan” and the balance lots which are require into the buffer zone to identify the owner for pay the proximity. After the buffering and the calculation to determine the proximity. Here has two lots need to pay very high cost because it’s cover a whole lots for development of road.
28 2) Show Profiles for DEM 3) Show Orthophoto, DSM and DTM from WebODM in QGIS software PART D 1) Please show on the map the location of plastic based factories that are within 5mradius fromanyrivers.2) List the number of factories based on their products that are within 5m radius fromrivers. TYPE OF PRODUCT RADIUS JENIS SUNGAI LENGTHPLASTIK 5.00000000000 SUNGAI ARA 83.74625000000 PLASTIK 5.00000000000 SUNGAI ARA 83.74625000000 DSM DTM ORTHOPHOTOSG ARA SG ARA SG PAKIS This diagram show that location of plastic based factories that are within 5mradius from the rivers The result of point clouds images from webodm that insert into qgis to determine the locarion of images of DEM with point clouds.
29 PART E Please browse to sgJtanah table and try to solve these geographic problems: What is the length of Sg Ara that flows through soil type B? 1. Name the river that flows through soil type C. The length of Sg Ara that flows through type B soil is 52.548. Rivers that flow through soil type Carethe fig river and the fern river. This attribute table shows spatial data of river that flow through soil type C which we can easily highlight the length of the river chosen
30 PART F 1. Show the differences between raster and vector RASTER VECTOR Output graphic is not good Representation of high Spatial variabilityis inefficient 6.0 CONCLUSION In summary, this lab activity from part A to part F explains how we construct the dem, tin, andcontourthatmay be used to identify the spatial resolutions and differences in cell sizes. Following that, we studiedhow to compute the lot owner's closeness by equating the buffering of the developed area. Therefore, weshall ascertain the distinctions between the WEDODM photos in a number of forms, includingpoint clouds, orthophoto, dem, and dtm dsm. Next, discover how to determine the length of a river located in a specific place and what kind of soil it is located in. Finally, we study the distinctions between raster to vector and vector to raster in this lab activity, as well as the finest.