French C olonization
(15341763)
By Z ac Martinez
Table of Contents
French E xplorers…. pg. 2
Establishing the Colonies… pg. 3
Relations with Natives… pg. 3
Trade… pg 34
Fur Trade... pg 4
Missionaries… pg 5
Expansion of N ew F rance… pg 5
Leading to W ar… pg 5
French E xplorers
If y ou want t o start a colony y ou a re g onna need p eople to e xplore the l and. F rance
had s ome of t he good explorers and b ad ones. One of t hese g ood explorers is n amed
Giovanni d a V errazzano ( 14851528). H e was o ne o f t he f irst F rench explorers t o reach
America.
His f irst t rip took him to t he C arolinas.
But h e d id not want t o s top t here. So he
mapped o ut the C arolinas. Then he continued
to m ove up the A tlantic coast u ntil h e r eached
Newfoundland, t his a lso included N ew York
Harbor. He d id so much for t he g eography o f
the A tlantic c oast h e e ven got a b ridge
named a fter h im. The b ridge i n N ew Y ork i s
named V errazanoNarrows B ridge.
The next explorer is named J acques C artier ( 14911587). C artier is the person w ho
named C anada itself. H e was also t he f irst French explorer t o e xplore the S t. L awrence
River. Most o f the F rench c olonies were explored b y
him b ut he d id not e stablish them.
Our n ext e xplorer w e w ill talk about i s S amuel
de Champlain ( 15671635). Champlain is known as
the “Father o f F rance”. H e is t he o ne that g ot the
French c olonies started up a nd made the N ew
France Empire. H e f ound t he famous city of Q uebec
and h e mapped t he G reat Lakes. S amuel d e
Champlain w as a very g ood g eographer and
mapped all of Northeastern Canada. L ake
Champlain is n amed a fter him. He a lso made good relations with the natives a nd this i s
one of the reasons the French survived in C anada.
Page 2
Establishing the Colonies
The French c olonies got established a round 1534. Q uebec h owever was the start o f
New F rance’s empire and i t w as established in 1608. Over t ime the French e mpire
expanded outside o f C anada. A t o ne p oint there was
colonies in Florida. Then Spain came a nd kicked out
France.
There was a colony d own i n t he Caribbean.
Due t o a colony in t he Caribbean most p eople would
settle there because they d id n ot w ant to deal with
the cold weather. The Caribbean o ffered a better
chance at l ife.
Relations with Native Americans
The French had a really good relationship with
the natives, including t he Huron. N ew France t raded
with the H uron and i t w as o ne of the reasons why the
French s urvived in Canada. A nother t ribe t he French
allied with was the A lgonquian. U sually t he H uron,
French and A lgonquian w ould fight w ith t he Iroquois
and t hat w ould lead t o c onflict l ater on.
Trade
Trade in t his time period w as very c rucial. New France did not c ome h ere to l ive o ff
each other. T hey d id trade. T he F rench a nd H urons traded a lot. I f y ou wanted t o c ome t o
New France y ou had two o ptions: get a p lantation d own i n the Caribbean or trade u p in
what i s now today Canada.
Page 3
Trade was t he only reason why p eople came t o northern New F rance. P eople c alled
coureurs de b ois, which a re crafted w oodsmen, t rappers, a nd c anoeists, were very
important to t he t rade.
If you have to trade you a re gonna need items t o t rade r ight? Well t he French would
give the Huron items l ike guns, a xes, tools, alcohol, e tc. M ainly the F rench received beaver
pelts and food. Now t his t rade w as v ery important b ecause t he French t hrived off t his trade
and t hat’s why life i n C anada wasn’t a s hard a s i t s hould b e. Y es, t hey had the very b ad
winters, but so did N ew England.
Fur Trade
Probably t he b iggest t rade throughout Canada a nd northern U nited S tates the f ur
trade r eally helped people thrive i n these cold areas. T his trade started i n eastern Canada
where t he French gave the natives items l ike
kettles a nd knives s howing that t hey w ant t o
have good r elations with t hem. T his led to the
ultimate fur trade.
The c oureurs de b ois w as like t he
generator of t he fur trade. T hey’d get t he t raps
setup. But the fur trade b enefitted the natives
and French.
Beaver p elts w ere t he main fur traded in t he trade. T hey were like 1600s diamond,
super valuable. This w ould help t he French s tay warm during t he w inter or c old weather.
Also i t was u sed as s ome protection in battles. B eaver pelts could be made into hats and
even sometimes clothing. The p elts were o ne of the only thing the F rench r eceived during
the fur t rade, but i t w as so valuable t hey n eeded it.
French trappers w ere a little b it d ifferent then the coureurs d e bois. T hese people
started around t he 17th or 18th c entury. These p eople i nstead of h elping t he F rench
colonies t hey’d make a profit t hemselves l ike entrepreneurs.
Page 4
Missionaries
Missionaries were h uge in N ew France. These missionaries w ere to c onvert natives
to C hristianity a t t heir o wn c onsent. U nlike New S pain t hey were not f orced t o c onvert, they
were just encouraged. T hree jesuit p riest a nd three l ay b rother came to N ew France about
1634, O ne o f t he m ain missions established in N ew France w as called
SainteMarieauxHurons, w hich was finished in 1 639.
The first y ear a t the S ainteMarieauxHurons 30 Europeans w ere hired a nd a s olid
50 H uron converted t o Christianity.
As t he y ears h it 1685, there were o nly 2 ,700 Huron c onverts, which is not a b ad
number. 1685 brought a really bad w inter a nd after t he winter o nly 300400 of t he c onverts
were s till a live.
Expansion of New F rance
Due t o b ad weather i n N ew France t he expansion w as v ery slow. Also as they
expanded t hey e ither f ought w ith t he natives o r m ade n ew allies with t hem. L ike b efore t hey
had a c olony i n t he Caribbean where most s ettlers would go f or the nicer weather. Around
the beginning of the 1 700s France c ontrolled parts o f C anada, m ost o f t he G reat Lakes
region a ll t he w ay down t o s outheast L ouisiana. (they f ounded t he c ity of New O rleans)
Leading to War
France was e xpanding, but i n size n ot population. There w as r eally n o g overnment.
Some c olonies were bringing in m oney w hile o ther w ere n ot. B ritain s tarts taking l and f rom
France. This l ed t o Q ueen A nne’s War and the F rench and Indian War.
Page 5