English The SYNOPSIS of GRAMMAR UNIT 8–9 COMPOSED BY T.TIME
GOOD LUCK AND GOOD BYE ;-) Timelllll
VOCAB UNIT 8 UNIT 9 Camaraderie Deference Dribble Etiquette Grab Hit it off Hold the floor Overgeneralisation Overlap Pitch Rapport Reticent Simultaneously Tackle Toss Accommodate Classify Downsize Durable Exorbitant Fold-up Generator Get rid of Incentive Loft Material Portable Unimaginable Undaunted Withstand
Un it VI I I Participle clause Participle clause after Conjunction and Preposition
หน้าน้ที่หนึ่งนึ่ของ Participle คือ เป็นป็ Verb ที่ทำ หน้าน้ที่เป็นป็ Adjective Present Participle คือ -ing Past Participle คือ -ed ช่อช่งสาม Perfect Participle คือ Having + ช่อช่งสาม Broken heart – อกหักหั (ใจที่ถูกถูทำ ให้แห้ตกสลาย) Cooked rice – ข้าข้วสุกสุ , ข้าข้วสวย (ข้าข้วที่ถูกถูทำ ให้สุห้กสุ ) e.g. I have eaten mashed cauliflower twice. WHEN IN ROME (DO AS THE ROMANS DO) UNIT 8 PARTICIPLE PRESENT PARTICIPLE PAST PARTICIPLE PERFECT PARTICIPLE มักมัมีคมีวามหมายในเชิงชิ*ผู้กระทำ * Flying bird – นกที่กำ ลังบินบิอยู่ Running water – น้ำ ที่กำ ลังไหล e.g. I am looking at the flying birds. Having heard the news – เมื่อมื่ ได้ยิด้นยิข่าข่ว Having completed the work – หลังจากเสร็จร็งาน e.g. Having received the message, she left the office immediately. มักมัมีคมีวามหมายในเชิงชิ*ผู้ถูกถูกระทำ *
Express reasons << Want to Read more? Express time relation PARTICIPLE CLAUSE Participle clauses คือ อนุประโยค (ประโยคย่อย่ย) ทำ หน้าที่ห ที่ ลายอย่าย่ง เช่นช่ เราจะใช้เช้มื่อ มื่ Participle และ Main Verb มี Subject เดียวกัน แต่ Participle จะไม่รม่ะบุ Tense เพราะ Tense จะอยู่ใยู่น Main verb** Waiting for Ellie, John made some tea. (While John was waiting for Ellie, John made some tea.) Not wanting to hurt his feelings, I avoided the question. Looked after carefully, these boots will last for many years. Having lived through difficult times together, they were very close friends. Participle clauses are used to say information in a more economical way. Present participles (going, reading, seeing, walking) Past participles (gone, read, seen, walked) Perfect participles (having gone, having read, having seen, having walked) They are formed using ...
The bomb exploded, destroying the building. With a similar meaning to an if condition To add information about the subject of the main clause Used in this way, participles can make your writing more concise. Worried by the news, she called the hospital. PAST PARTICIPLE CLAUSE PERFECT PARTICIPLE CLAUSE show that the action they describe was finished before the action in the main clause To give the reason for an action (passive) Having got dressed, he slowly went downstairs. Having finished their training, they will be fully qualified doctors. Having been made redundant, she started looking for a new job. Filled with pride, he walked towards the stage. PRESENT PARTICIPLE CLAUSE To give the result of an action To give the reason for an action (active) To talk about an action that happened at the same time as another action To add information about the subject of the main clause Knowing she loved reading, Richard bought her a book. Standing in the queue, I realised I didn't have any money. Starting in the new year, the new policy bans cars in the city centre. PARTICIPLE CLAUSE 3 TYPES OF #ถ้าใช้เช้ป็น ป็ passive > Being + V.3 ก็มีนมีะ เช่นช่ While being shut in prison, ...
PARTICIPLE CLAUSE 1) _______ lunch, I sat in the garden with a drink. Directions: Choose the best alternative. 4) _______ by all the attention, he thanked everyone for the cake and presents. 7) _______ by the changing information, they thought the plane was cancelled. 2) _______ for the bus, she slipped on some ice and fell over. 5) The building collapsed, _______ two people. 3) _______ in hospital for several weeks, she was delighted to be home. 6) _______ under normal clothes, a thermal layer keeps you warm in minus temperatures. 8) _______ for the final interview, the candidates were asked to prepare a short presentation. 9) _______ through the woods, they found a bird with a broken wing. 10) _______ the paper, he saw the news about his hometown. A. Making A. Running A. Being A. Embarrassing A. Confusing A. injuring A. Wearing A. Selecting A. Walking A. Reading B. Made B. Run B. Been B. Embarrassed B. Confused B. injured B. Worn B. Selected B. Walked B. Read C. Having made C. Having run C. Having been C. Having embarrassed C. Having confused C. Having injured C. Having been worn C. Having selected C. Having walked C. Having Read EXERCISE 1
Participle clause can be used after various conjunctions and prepositions. WITH CONJUNCTION AND PREPOSITION CONJUNCTION PREPOSITION PARTICIPLE CLAUSE Mainly used to show the connection between two ideas or two parts of a sentence. e.g., when, if, while, once, since e.g., until, on, in, after, before, despite, instead of, without Show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence. Examples: Remember to take all your belongings with you when leaving the train. I sprained my ankle while playing tennis. Before entering the mosque you must take off your shoes. After taking everything into consideration, we decided to sell the house. After having driven across country, I arrived to find the house had been sold. On hearing that she was planning to marry him, I decided to leave the flat to her. Without wanting to seem rude, I must tell you that you are ungrateful. Instead of listening to my advice, she walked out without saying goodbye. Once closed, the door will lock automatically. Despite appearing to be calm, most people using the MRT tend to be in a hurry.
PERFECT PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE CLAUSE NEGATIVE PASSIVE OF NOT + PARTICIPLE CLAUSE Negative participle clauses are also possible. Not having had a shower for two days, I was desperate to get to the bathroom. Not having been introduced, we faced each other awkwardly. Whilst not wishing to appear impolite, I must ask you to leave so I can make a call. Examples: โครงสร้าร้ง โครงสร้าร้ง HAVING + BEEN + V.3 Having been invited to the party by Prince William himself, we could hardly refuse to go. ( = Since we had been invited…) Having been deprived of food for over twenty days, the castaway was fed intravenously at first. Having been unemployed for over two years, I found it difficult to get work. Examples: Perfect participle can be both active and passive.
1. Sam left school early because he felt sick. 2. The teacher was impressed by Daniel's work, so she gave him the highest mark. 3. Because he didn't study hard enough for his exam, Ryan couldn't pass it. 4. As I haven't received all the applications yet, I am not eager to hire anyone. 5. The golden ring, which was stolen weeks ago, was found. 6. As I have an assignment to finish, I cannot come with you. 7. When my sister heard the good news, she wanted to cry. 8. Because I didn't want to lose my passport, I gave it to my father. 9. After he had been told to do the dishes, John entered the kitchen with a frown. 10. As I had been to England before, I knew where to find a good hotel. PARTICIPLE CLAUSE Directions: Rewrite sentences with participle clause. EXERCISE 2 BONAM FORTUNAM!
1. _______ _______ a seat on a bus or train, I always accept it. (offer) 2. We missed the start of the concert, _______ _______ home on time. (leave) 3. _______ _______ someone bad news, you should try to prepare them first. (give) 4. _______ _______ for the bus for forty minutes, I decided to walk. (wait) 5. Ploy had been talking to her neighbour _______ _______ in flour. (cover) 6. _______ _______ apart, it was clear why the gadget wasn't working. (take) 7. _______ _______, people often use their phones. (drive) 8. _______ _______ the ladder, she didn't once look down. (climb) 9. We intend to go _______ _______ against it. (advise) 10. _______ _______ many games, he felt depressed. (lose) E.g., While traveling to work, she usually reads a novel. PARTICIPLE CLAUSE Directions: Write 1 conjunction or preposition (after, despite, if, once, until, while) + 1 participle (use word in parenthesis). EXERCISE 3
Un it I X Inversion Emphatic use of as...as
วิชวิานี้เราเรียรีนการใช้ Negative adverbial expression INVERSION Inversion happens when we reverse (invert) the normal word order of a structure, most commonly the subject-verb word order. Is this picture inverted? under no circumstances not only not until at no time never seldom little only no sooner (… than …) hardly (… than …) Note: ไม่ว่ม่าว่กรณีใด ๆ ทันทัทีที่ที ที่ ... ก็ ... แปลเหมือมืน never ไม่เม่คย แทบจะไม่ แทบจะไม่ เว้นว้แต่ว่าว่ ไม่จม่นกระทั่งทั่.... No sooner และ hardly ใช้กัช้ กับ than Only และ Not until อาจจะทีคำที คำตามหลังก่อนได้ ค่อยเป็น ป็ โครงสร้าร้ง เช่นช่ Only after completing the exam should you leave the room. ไม่เม่พียพีงแต่ ... ทันทัทีที่ที ที่ ... ก็ ... STRUCTRE + + + Negative Adverbial Expression Auxiliary (be, do, have, etc.) Subject Main Verb Never have I been to such a beautiful place.
N A S V ดูปดูระโยคต่อไปนี้ สังสัเกตโครงสร้าร้ง แล้วขีดขีเส้นส้ ใต้ NASV Under no circumstances should you sign a contract you haven't read thoroughly. Not only did Jerry forget my birthday, but he also forgot our anniversary. Not until you grow up will we consider you for the basketball team. At no time had I asked your opinion. Never will we sit in this room again. Seldom have we seen such successful business. Little did the gang know that the police had them under the surveillance. Only when I checked the ticket again did I realise that I had won the first prize. No sooner had he left than the telephone rang. Hardly does she drink coffee after lunch. Hardly had I spoken to him than he texted me. La Promenade - by Claude Monet from 1875 N A S V Only if the weather is clear will we go picnic. Note: ถ้าประโยคแรกไม่มีม่ มีAuxiliary ให้ใช้ do/does/did It hardly rains in the morning. Hardly does it rain in the morning.
Emphasise an extreme quantity To show the upper or lower limit achieved in a few cases, but not by the majority Many Few Much Little EMPHATIC USE OF as . . .as ปกติเราจะใช้ as ... as เพื่อ พื่ เปรียรีบเทียทีบความเท่าท่กัน แต่บทที่ 9 เราเรียรีนการใช้ as...as เพื่อ พื่ สิ่งสิ่อื่น คือ e.g. This picture is as lovely as the previous one. e.g., As many as 500 people attended the seminar. e.g., As much as 2 metres of snow fell overnight. คนมากถึง 500 คนเลยนะ ที่เ ที่ ข้าข้ร่วร่มการสัมสัมนา! เมื่อ มื่ คืนหิมะตกสูงสูถึง 2 เมตรเลย บางที่ก็ ที่ ก็ อาจจะไม่ถึม่ ถึง แต่สูงสูสุดสุถึง 2 เลย ถ้ามาก ใช้ ถ้าน้อย ใช้ AS + ADJECTIVE/ADVERB + AS ใช้กัช้ กับ Countable noun ใช้กัช้ กับ Countable noun ที่เ ที่ จอในหนังสือสืจะมีดัมี ดังนี้ ใช้กัช้ กับ Uncountable noun หรือ รื a countable number of units ใช้กัช้ กับ Uncountable noun หรือ รื a countable number of units Countable number of units Cost (pounds, baht) (pound, kilos) (metres) (hours, minutes) Weight Percent Length Time
There are as many as 500 monkeys living in this jungle. Some plastic can take as much as 2 million years to break down. As few as four people had a car in the 1960s. Some small computers weigh as little as 0.6 kilograms. STRUCTURE OF AS...AS EXAMPLE EXERCISE as...as สามารถอยู่หยู่น้าหรือรืท้าท้ยประโยคก็ได้ As little as … + V + O S + V + as little as … As few as 5 students pay attention in my class. Students’ attention accounts for as much as 70 per cent of learning. There were as _______ as 50 people crowded into the tiny room. As _______ as 8 students passed the test. It was so ridiculously difficult. He drinks as _______ as five bottles of milk a day. Some poachers were fined as _______ as a dollar for each piece of ivory. Liverpool had lost by as _______ as 9 points in 1954. This village had as _______ as 5 residents in early 1977. How lonely! She has lost as _______ 10 kilos in just a week! That process can take as _______ as a few hours or as long as several years. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Directions: Complete the sentences using words in the box. many / many / many / much / few / few / little / little (สังสัเกตประโยคเพื่อ พื่ ดูว่ดูาว่มากหรือรืน้อย)
"Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity." - Seneca