Robotics This program will make Edison robot turn right using a value from the variable. degreesToTurn = 90 is the variable with the parameters of 90. This variable is going to use as a reference in the program to turn the Edison robot to 90 degrees. In Python, a for loop is a control structure which can be used to repeat sets of commands or statements any number of times. Using a for loop allows you to repeat (also called iterate over) a block of statements as many times as you like. The for loop often goes together with the range() function in Python. In EdPy, range() only has one input parameter. That input parameter determines the upper limit of the set and the lower limit is always 0, or in a simpler definition it can be used to define the times of loop should repeat itself. #--------Your code below----------- # i defines variable for the range value for i in range(4) #play a beep sound Ed.PlayBeep() #wait for one second Ed.TimeWait(1, Ed.TIME_SECONDS) #--------Your code below----------- degreesToTurn=90 Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_RIGHT, Ed.SPEED_6, degreesToTurn) 6.7. Looping Structures in Edison For Loop Sample Code Sample Code Robotics has already gotten about 150,000 people employed worldwide in engineering and assembly jobs. The City School 151 2023-2024
Sample Code-Creating Square Using For Loop Sample Code-Creating Circle Using For Loop Using loop to create a program which has several repeating codes is a smart decision. The following program will create a square using a loop. #--------Your code below----------- for x in range(4) Ed.DRIVE(Ed.FORWARD,Ed.SPEED_5,1) Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_LEFT, Ed.SPEED_5, 90) It may not be possible to drive in a perfect circle, but a shape with thousands of very small sides can closely approximate a circle. degreesToTurn is a variable with a value of 1. The While loop repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is TRUE. It tests the condition, which is written as an expression, before executing the loop body. While the expression evaluates to TRUE, the program repeats the commands in the loop. When the expression evaluates to FALSE, the program moves on to the next line of code outside the loop. #--------Your code below----------- degreesToTurn=1 for x in range(360) Ed.DRIVE(Ed.FORWARD,Ed.SPEED_5,1) Ed.Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_LEFT, Ed.SPEED_5, degreesToTurn) Create a program to make your robot drive forward for 3 seconds then flash both LED lights. After that, using the For loop, Edison is to drive in the form of a square and stop. Try it Out! While Loop The City School 152 2023-2024
Robotics Sample Code-Creating Circle Using For Loop Edison can play individual musical notes through its small speaker using the Ed.PlayTone() function in EdPy. The Ed.PlayTone()function takes two input parameters: the note and the duration. The note determines what note to play and the duration determines the given length of time the note should be played. The Ed.PlayTone() is defined as: Ed.PlayTone(Ed.NOTE_B_6,Ed.NOTE_HALF) In this program, we want the Edison to follow a torch and we need this program to run infinitely, therefore, we will use the while loop. #--------Your code below----------- # loop forever while True: if Ed.ReadLeftLightLevel()>Ed.ReadRightLightLevel(): #if the left light level is higher, drive to left Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD_LEFT, Ed.SPEED_4, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED) else: #otherwise, the light is on the right, drive to the right Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD_RIGHT, Ed.SPEED_4, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED) 6.8. Play Tunes on Edison Parameter Input Options Play Musical Note Ed.NOTE_A_B Low A Ed.NOTE_A_SHARP_6 Low A sharp Ed.NOTE_B_6 Low B Ed.NOTE_C_7 C Ed.NOTE_C_SHARP_7 C sharp Ed.NOTE_D_7 D Ed.NOTE_D_SHARP_7 D sharp Ed.NOTE_E_7 E Ed.NOTE_F_7 F Ed.NOTE_F_SHARP_7 F sharp Ed.NOTE_G_7 G Ed.NOTE_G_SHARP_7 G sharp The City School 153 2023-2024
Ed.NOTE_A_7 A Ed.NOTE_A_SHARP_7 A sharp Ed.NOTE_B_7 B Ed.NOTE_C_8 High C Parameter Input Options Plays Note For (Duration) Ed.NOTE_SIXTEENTH 125 milliseconds Ed.NOTE_EIGTH 250 milliseconds Ed.NOTE_QUARTER 500 milliseconds Ed.NOTE_HALF 1,000 milliseconds Ed.NOTE_WHOLE 2,000 milliseconds 6.9. Conditional Structures in Edison IF Statement Sample Code An important part of coding is making decisions. The most common way to do this is to use an IF statement. An IF statement asks whether a condition is true or false. If the result is true, then the program executes the block of statements following the IF statement. If the result is false, the program ignores the statements inside the if statement and moves to the next line of code outside of the if statement. #--------Your code below----------- # loop forever while True: Ed.ObstacleDetectionBeam(Ed.ON) if Ed.ReadObstacleDetection()!=Ed.OBSTACLE_NONE: Ed.PlayBeep() Ed.ReadObstacleDetection() The City School 154 2023-2024
Robotics Elif Statement Sample Code For Edison, we can create a program which makes a decision using more than two conditions. To do this, you use another Python syntax structure: • if expression: statement(s) • elif expression: statement(s) • else: statement(s) Elif is how you say else if in Python. You can use elif to write a program with multiple if conditions. A program using if/elif/else still moves sequentially from the top down. Once the program runs any indented code inside any part of the if statement structure, it will skip the rest of the structure and move on to the next line of code outside the structure. This means that if the if statement at the top is true, the program runs the indented code for the if expression and skips any elif sections as well as the else section if there is one. If the if statement is false, however, the program skips that section of indented code and moves to the first elif section. Again, if the first elif condition is true, the program runs its indented code and skips everything below it in the if statement structure (any other elif and the else condition if there is one). If this elif condition is false, the program moves to the next part of the if statement structure and so on. #--------Your code below----------- #turn on obstacle detection Ed.ObstacleDetectionBeam(Ed.ON) while True: Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD, Ed.Speed_1, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED) obstacle=Ed.ReadObstacleDetection() if obstacle>Ed.OBSTACLE_NONE: #there is no obstacle Ed.Drive(Ed.BACKWARD, Ed.SPEED_5, 7) if obstacle==Ed.OBSTACLE_LEFT: Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_LEFT, Ed.SPEED_5, 90) elif obstacle==Ed.OBSTACLE_RIGHT: Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_LEFT,Ed.SPEED_5,90) elif obstacle==Ed.OBSTACLE_AHEAD: Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_RIGHT, Ed.SPEED_5,180) Ed.ReadObstacleDetection() #clear any unwanted detections The City School 155 2023-2024
This program has three different paths that it can take when an obstacle is detected based on where the detected obstacle is relative to Edison. In this program, Edison is going to react to obstacles on the left or right. To do this, we will use conditional statements like if and elif. This program has three different paths that it can take when an obstacle is detected based on where the detected obstacle is relative to Edison. Edison has two obstacle detection beams, one on the front left and the other is on the front right. This program tells Edison to drive until it encounters an obstacle. There are a couple of important things to notice about this program: • Ed.ObstacleDetectionBeam(Ed.ON) turns Edison’s obstacle detection beam to ‘on’. Whenever you want to use Edison’s obstacle detection beam in an EdPy program, youalways need to turn the beam to ‘on’ before the beam is used in the program. • Ed.Drive(Ed.Forward, Ed.SPEED_5, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED) sets the speed to 5 in this program. When using obstacle detection, you need to use a slightly lower speed to allow the robot to detect an obstacle before colliding with it. If the speed is too fast, the robot will crash into obstacles before being able to detect them. 6.10.Obstacle Detection Sample Code Right and Left Obstacle Detection #--------Your code below----------- Ed.ObstacleDetectionBeam(Ed.ON) Ed.Drive(Ed.Forward, Ed.SPEED_5, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED) while Ed.ReadObstacleDetection()!=Ed.Obstacle_Ahead: pass Ed.Drive(Ed.STOP,1,1) The City School 156 2023-2024
Robotics The Edison robot’s sound sensor is not just sensitive to claps. The sensors can respond to any loud sound detected or vibrations similar to that sound, which is why you can tap near the speaker on the robot to trigger the sound sensor. Edison’s motors, gears and wheels all make sounds as they turn, which can trigger the sound sensor. To prevent the sound of the robot driving from triggering the sound sensor, you need to alter the program. You will need to add a TimeWait() function call with an input parameter of about 350 milliseconds to give the robot’s motors time to stop. You also need to use a ReadClapSensor() to clear the clap sensor. #--------Your code below----------- Ed.ObstacleDetectionBeam(Ed.ON) #turn on obstacle detection while True: Ed.Drive(Ed.Ed.FORWARD, Ed.SPEED_1, 7) obstacle=Ed.ReadObstacleDetection() if obstacle>Ed.OBSTACLE_NONE: #there is no obstacle Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_RIGHT, Ed.SPEED_5, 90) elif obstacle==Ed.OBSTACLE_RIGHT: Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN,Ed.SPEED_5,90) elif obstacle==Ed.OBSTACLE_AHEAD: Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_RIGHT,Ed.SPEED_5,180) Ed.ReadObstacleDetection() #clear any unwanted detection 6.11. Clap Control Drive Checkpoint EdPy is a text-based programming language based on Python. Edison drive function has three parameters: direction, speed and distance. A variable in a python program gives data to the computer for processing. The City School 157 2023-2024
#--------Your code below----------- Ed.Drive(Ed.Forward,Ed.Speed_8,10) Ed.TimeWait(350,Ed.TIME_MILLISECONDS) Ed.ReadClapSensor() while Ed.ReadClapSensor()==Ed.CLAP_NOT_DETECTED: pass Ed.Drive(Ed.BACKWARD, Ed.SPEED_8, 10) #--------Your code below----------- Ed.LineTrackerLed(Ed.ON) Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD, Ed.SPEED_6, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED) while True: if Ed.ReadLineState()==Ed.LINE_ON_BLACK: Ed.PlayBeep() Ed.Drive(Ed.STOP, Ed.SPEED_6, 0) Sample Code Sample Code 6.12. Line Tracking Sensor In this program, you will learn about the Edison’s line tracking sensor and how Edison can use this sensor to determine if it is on a reflective or non-reflective surface. How does Edison’s line tracking sensor work? Your Edison robot is equipped with a line tracking sensor, located near the power switch on the bottom of the robot. This sensor is made up of two main electronic components: • A red light-emitting diode (LED) • A phototransistor (light sensor). This image represents a cross-section of Edison’s line tracking sensor. The line tracking sensor’s LED shines light onto the surface that the Edison robot is driving on. The phototransistor component is a light sensor. The phototransistor measures the amount of light that is reflected off of the surface beneath Edison. The City School 158 2023-2024
Robotics #--------Your code below----------- Ed.LineTrackerLed(Ed.ON) while True: Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD, Ed.SPEED_3, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED) if Ed.ReadLineState()==Ed.LINE_ON_BLACK: Ed.Drive(Ed.STOP,Ed.SPEED_3, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED) Ed.PlayBeep() Ed.Drive(Ed.SPIN_RIGHT, Ed.SPEED_5, 135) #--------Your code below----------- Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD, Ed.SPEED_5, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED) while True: if Ed.ReadLeftLightLevel()<100: activateBothLights(Ed.ON) else: activateBothLights(Ed.OFF) def activateBothLights(stateOfLed): Ed.LeftLed(stateOfLed) Ed.RightLed(stateOfLed) Sample Code-Bounce in Borders Sample Code 6.13. Light Sensors In this activity, we will use a program to have your Edison robot turn the two LED lights on when it gets dark. In this program, we are using the less than (<) symbol to determine the path that the program will take. If the value returned from the Ed.ReadLeftLightLevel() function is less than 100, then the activateBothLights() function is called with the input parameter of Ed.ON. Otherwise, the program moves to the else part of the if statement, which also calls the activateBothLights() function, but with the input parameter of Ed.OFF. Ed.LineTrackerLed() turns the LED state to ON. Just like with Edison’s obstacle detection beam, to use the line tracking sensor in a program, you must first turn the sensor on. The Ed.PlayBeep() function doesn’t affect the way the line tracking program works. Instead, this line’s purpose is for debugging. The City School 159 2023-2024
7.14.Light Sensors In this activity, we will write a program so that your Edison robot will follow the light from a torch (flashlight). This program compares the light level between the right light sensor and the left light sensor to determine the flow of the program. The presence of the torch on either the left or right of the robot will cause the robot to read a higher light level on that side of the robot. The logic of this program says that when the right light level minus the left light level is less than zero, the robot drives left towards the higher source of light, else the robot drives to the right. Sample Code #--------Your code below----------- while True: if Ed.ReadRightLightLevel()-Ed.ReadLeftLightLevel()<0: Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD_LEFT,Ed.SPEED_5,Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED) else: Ed.Drive(Ed.FORWARD_RIGHT, Ed.SPEED_5, Ed.DISTANCE_UNLIMITED) The City School 160 2023-2024
1. Robotics is a branch of engineering that involves the conception, design, manufacture, and operation of robots. 2. Edison robots are a complete STEAM teaching resource designed to bring coding to life. 3. Edison’s microcontroller contains programs. These programs are what allow Edison to think and make decisions. 4. Default settings of Edison’s three buttons: Record button 1 press = download program 3 presses = scan barcode Stop button 1 press = stop program Play button 1 press = run program. 5. The robot is controlled by a program, which contains the instructions and rules governing the robot’s behaviour. 6. EdPy app is one the web-based programming interface to program Edison. 7. All Edison programs must contain the setup code which is included in lines 1 to 11. 8. To move your Edison robot you use the drive function, which has three parameters: direction, speed and distance. 9. The for loop often goes together with the range() function in Python. 10. The while loop repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is TRUE. 11. Edison can play individual musical notes through its small speaker using the Ed.PlayTone() function in EdPy. Let’s Review My Notes! The City School 161 2023-2024
Mobile App Development Process 510,900 1 3 4 1,083,800 1,083,800 5 2 Idea generation & validation Development Launch and Deployment Marketing and Maintainence UX/UI Design Brainstorming Wireframing Back-end development App store submission App store approval Finalizing build App marketing strategy Releasing updates & fixes User engagement and retention Iterations Testing & quality assurance Style Guide Information architecture Prototyping Mockup Requirement gathering App goals and objectives Market research Mind mapping
Student Learning Outcomes ISTE Student Standard Coverage 1. Familiarise with the App Lab interface 2. Understand and identify the purpose of the design elements found in the Design toolbox 3. Add images and icons to the app interface 4. Switch over to the design mode and design the app interface by using various design elements 5. Know and understand the importance of setting meaningful IDs of design elements 6. Understand the naming convention of JavaScript programming language. 7. Create user-interface of an app of their choice. 8. Share their apps with their peers and publish on Code.org After going through this chapter, students will be able to: Empowered Learner Creative Communicator Innovative Designer 1a 1d 4a 4c 6a 6d Mobile App Development
7.1. Getting Started with App Lab 7.2.setProperty( ) Block App Lab Interface Making your own apps is easy with App Lab! Whether you’re new to coding or have some experience. App Lab is a great tool for building new apps and sharing them with your friends. On the left side is your app. On the right side is the code that will make it run. You build your program by dragging in blocks from the toolbox. The setProperty()block changes the look of the elements on your screen. Like the buttons, labels, or even the screen itself. First you need to decide which element you want to change. If you hover over an element in your app you can see the name or ID here. Then go select that ID from the first drop-down. The City School 164 2023-2024
Mobile App Development 7.3.Event Handling Example Elements have lots of properties you can change like their text colour, background colour or font size. You can see the full list and choose which property you want to change in the second dropdown. The last drop-down is where you’ll write the value you want to use. The block will make a suggestion for you. But you can always type in different colours or numbers yourself. The following code snippet sets the background colour of the button to green using setProperty() block. The block reads a bit like a sentence: ‘Set button1’s background colour to green.’ We will be working in block mode but App Lab also supports working in text. Either way you’ll be programming in JavaScript, the language of the web. Events are user actions like clicking a button, scrolling through a menu, or hovering over a picture. Interactive apps need ways to respond to events, like playing a sound when I click this button. To do this in App Lab you need to use a new block called onEvent(). The City School 165 2023-2024
Example The following code turn the screen color from blue to green when the button is clicked. 1. Switch to the Design mode and drag a button from the design toolbox on to the screen as shown below. 2. From the Properties option, set the text property of the button to Greenify! and set its color property to green. 3. Set the initial colour of the screen to blue by dragging the setProperty()block into the code area. The City School 166 2023-2024
Mobile App Development 4. Next drop the onEvent()function on the code area. Add code inside the onEvent that will change the background colour of the screen. You can read this block like a sentence: “On the event that the button is clicked run all this code.” 5. If you want to change more things after the event, like the text on the screen just add more code to the onEvent(). To make your program respond to more events add more onEvent(). blocks. Just make sure not to put them inside of each other. Now it’s time to try it out for yourself. 1. In the toolbox, you’ll find a new block called playSound(). Drag it into the workspace. You can pick a sound to play by clicking the drop-down then clicking Choose. 7.4. Working with Sound Checkpoint The setProperty() block changes the look of the elements on your screen. Events are user actions like clicking a button, scrolling through a menu, or hovering over a picture. The playSound() block allows you to add sound to your app. The City School 167 2023-2024
2. From here you can either upload a sound file from your computer or search for a sound from the sound library. The sound library has lots of different categories like instruments, background music or animals. 3. Once you’ve got the sound you want, click Choose. When this block runs, it will play the sound you chose. 1. To add images to your elements you can just use the setProperty() block. Select the image property in the second drop-down 7.5. Working with Images The City School 168 2023-2024
Mobile App Development 2. Then select Choose from the third dropdown. From here you can upload an image from your computer, insert link to an image or you can look through a huge library of icons in the icon library. 3. Back in code mode, you can use the setProperty()block to change the icon colour of your icon. Once you’ve picked what image your icon to use click Run to see how it looks. The City School 169 2023-2024
7.6. Designing an App 1. Use the switch on top of your app to go into Design Mode. You can add new elements by dragging them onto the screen. You can move them around to different locations and change their size by dragging the bottom right corner. 2. To change an element’s properties, use the controls on the right. For example, it’s really easy to change this button’s text, colour, and font size. 3. To change an element’s properties, use the controls on the right. For example, it’s really easy to change this button’s text, colour, and font size. When you add a new element to your screen it’ll get a generic ID like button1, image2. It’s a good idea to change this button’s ID to something more meaningful like rightButton. So that you’ll know which one it is when you go to the program. The City School 170 2023-2024
Mobile App Development 4. You can add entirely new screens to your app by dragging in a screen element. 5. From the drop-down, at the top, you can quickly switch back and forth between the screens you create. 6. Inside your app, you’ll need a way to switch between all of these screens, so the setScreen block has been added to the toolbox. Use setScreen inside the onEvent()block to change screens at the click of a button. The City School 171 2023-2024
1. The setProperty() block changes the look of the elements on your screen. 2. Elements have lots of properties you can change like their text colour, background colour or font size. 3. Events are user actions like clicking a button, scrolling through a menu, or hovering over a picture. 4. To add events in App Lab you need to use a new block called onEvent(). 5. The playSound() block allows you to add sound to your app. 6. To add images to your elements you can just use the setProperty() block. Let’s Review My Notes! The City School 172 2023-2024
Glossary 4G: it is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G. 5G: it is the fifth generation of mobile networks, a significant evolution of today’s 4G LTE networks. Absolute reference: it is used when we want to keep a cell, a row or a column constant when copying a formula. Advanced filters: can be constructed to get more control over your data tables. algorithm is a procedure for solving problems Attributes: define additional characteristics or properties of the element such as width and height of an image. Bus topology: in this arrangement computers and devices are connected to a single linear cable called a trunk. Canvas widget: supplies graphics facilities for Tkinter. cell reference is the address of the cell and identifies its location. Change chart type: this option allows to change the type of your current chart. chart is a graphical representation of data and describes the overall analysis visually. Chart layouts: Excel allows you to add chart elements—such as chart titles, legends, and data labels—to make your chart easier to read. Chart styles: includes several different chart styles, which allow you to quickly modify the look and feel of your chart. Checkboxes: in HTML forms is to get multiple answers from the multiple choices given. Cloud storage: is a model of computer data storage in which the digital data is stored in logical pools. Cloud storage providers: are responsible for keeping the data available and accessible, and the physical environment protected and running. Column/bar chart: it is used to illustrate comparisons between a series of data. Comments: are just a dead piece of code which can be used for our references only. Computer programming: it is a way of giving computers instructions about what they should do next. Conditional formatting: allows you to automatically apply formatting—such as colors, The City School 174 2023-2024
Glossary icons, and data bars—to one or more cells based on the cell value. CSS: stands for Cascading Style Sheets, CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed in web browsers, CSS typically creates design profiles for any HTML element for reuse and overall layout control of the document layout. CSV files: are Comma-Separated Values and can be incorporated in any software or database. Data tab: allows to switch the rows and columns of the chart. Database (DB): is an organized collection of data. Dreamweaver: is a web development tool. It is basically for generating HTML while using an editable front end, kind of like using Word to do all your layout, and the end result is an HTML code. Edison robot: is LEGO brick compatible on four of its sides, has a removable skid and two removable wheels and includes a range of built-in sensors. EdPy app: is one the web-based programming interface to program Edison. Elements: have lots of properties you can change like their text colour, background colour or font size. ELIF keyword: is Python’s way of saying if the previous conditions were not true, else keyword catches anything which isn’t caught by the preceding conditions. Events: in python execute at any specific action/signal occurred for i.e. hovering a mouse at a certain point, clicks of the mouse either right click or left click and so on. flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow or process. For loop: is used for repeating over a sequence (that is either a list or a string). Freeware: is software, most often proprietary, that is distributed at no financial cost to the end-user. Functions: help break our program into smaller and modular chunks. G Workspace: also known as Google Suite or G Suite, is a collection of business, productivity, collaboration, and education software developed and powered by Google. Google Docs: is an online version of Microsoft Word, PowerPoint and Excel. In Google Docs they are called Google Document, Spreadsheet and Presentation. Google Drive: allows users to store files on their servers, synchronize files across devices, and share files. The City School 175 2023-2024
Google Maps: is a web-based service that provides detailed information about geographical regions and sites around the world. Roadmap: Roadmap view in Google maps, the street view of the selected region. Google translate: is a free multilingual machine translation service developed by Google, to translate text. Hardware: is a term we use to describe the electronics and mechanical parts of the computer. Host server: sends the requested page back to the country gateway and similarly, the country gateway sends the page back to the concerned ISP server. Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML): is the standard mark-up language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. IF statement: is a programming conditional statement that, if proved true, performs a function or displays information. Indentation: refers to the spaces at the beginning of a code line. inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element. An inline CSS uses the style attribute of an HTML element. Intellectual property: is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. Internal CSS: is used to define a style for a single HTML page. An internal CSS is defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, within a <style> element. Internet: is a worldwide network of computers linked together by telephone wires, satellite links and other means. LAN: is an interconnection of computers and its related devices within a small geographical area or a building, home, office, school, where the distance between the computers is small. Line chart: is used to display trends. It shows the changes in data over a period of time. List/Menu: in HTML forms are used to create a drop-down list for selecting an option from a list given. Logical errors: occur while designing the program which occurs due to the improper planning of the program flow. Network topology: is the schematic description of a network arrangement, connecting various nodes (sender and receiver) through lines of connection. network, in computing, is a group of two or more devices that can communicate. The City School 176 2023-2024
Glossary Numeric data type: is used to hold numeric values like integers, or Float like decimal numbers. Paired tag: in HTML consists of two tags, the first one is called an opening tag and the second one is called closing tag. Personal data: also known as personal information, personally identifying information (PII), or Sensitive Personal Information (SPI) is any information relating to identifying a person. Pie chart: it is used to display only one series of data. Pivot charts: are like regular charts, except they display data from a Pivot Table. PivotTable: can help make your worksheets more manageable by summarizing your data and allowing you to manipulate it in different ways. Program: is a specific set of ordered operations for a computer to perform. Pseudocode: is an informal high-level description of the operating principle of a computer program or other algorithm. Python: is a high-level programming language designed to be easy to read and simple to implement. Radio buttons: is used to get one single answer from the multiple choices given. Relative reference: is the cell reference. When you copy a cell that has a formula, the formula changes automatically. Ring topology: Computers and devices are connected to a closed-loop cable. Robotics: is a branch of engineering that involves the conception, design, manufacture, and operation of robots. Satellite view: in Google maps shows the satellite images of the selected region. Server: are where most of the information on the Internet lives. setProperty()block: changes the look of the elements on your screen. Like the buttons, labels, or even the screen itself. Shareware: is a type of proprietary software which is initially provided free of charge to users, who are allowed and encouraged to make and share copies of the program. Slicers: are just like filters, but they’re easier and faster to use, allowing you to instantly pivot your data. Software bug: is a coding error that causes an unexpected defect in a computer program. Software licenses: typically provide end-users with the right to one or more copies of the software without violating copyrights. The City School 177 2023-2024
Star topology: All computers and devices are connected to a network switch and this is one of the common topologies nowadays. String data type: The string is a sequence of characters like a simple text “Hello World”. Sway: is a new app from Microsoft Office that makes it easy to create and share interactive reports, personal stories, presentations, and more. Syntax error: errors in typing the commands and variables. Tab index: in HTML it is the sequence of cursor focus Table: in MS Excel, is a specially designated range of numbers Terrain view: in Google maps shows the terrain and vegetation. Text area: in HTML works like a simple text field but it can accommodate more words than a normal text field and its layout is like a paragraph. then try this condition. Unpaired tag: in HTML is a single tag which does not need a companion tag. variable is nothing but a name given to a storage area that our programs can manipulate. WAN: is a computer network that covers broad and large areas such as small towns and cities. Web page: also called webpage is a document commonly written in HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language) that is accessible through the Internet or other networks using an Internet browser. Webform: it is HTML form on a web page allows a user to enter data that is sent to a server for processing. While loop: repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is TRUE. The City School 178 2023-2024
The ICTECH curriculum engages students at technical and practical level, equipping them with skills required in areas of research, publication designing and prediction. The computing curriculum aims at teaching principles of information and computation, how digital systems work and how to put this knowledge to use through programming. ICTECH activities incorportae a range of technology skills into student learning such as word processing, programming, Animation, Programming, Spreadsheets, Photoediting, Desktop Publishing, Digital Citizenship, Databases, Operating system, Robotics, and Presentation Skills. Microsoft MICROSOFT SCHOOLS We are a Microsoft School Microsoft