Theories of first and second language acquisition

THEORIES OF FIRST AND SECOND Second Language Acquisition:-
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION:-
Theories:
Language acquisition is the First Language Acquisition:-
process through which humans 1. Stephen Krashen: five stages: preproduction (silent
gain the ability to be aware of Theories:
language and to understand it as 1. B.F.Skinner- children learn language step by phase), early production, speech emergence,
well as to produce and use words step: imitation – repetition – memorization –
and sentences to communicate. controlled drilling – reinforcement intermediate fluency, and advanced fluency.
2.Noam Chomsky- theory of Universal Grammar; a.Preproduction – At this stage, learners learn
LIN BRINATZIAMLOI HD the language acquisition device in children’s’ brain terms of the new language and practice them.
allows them to deduce the structure of their b.Early Production – Learners can speak in short
native language through exposure to the phrases of one or two phrases. They also collect
language.
3.Cognitive theory- language acquisition must be new words.
viewed in the context of children’s intellectual c.Speech Emergence – At this stage, learners
development and environment. This also focuses
on exploring the relationship between the stages know thousands of words and can communicate
of cognitive development and language skills.
using simple questions and phrases.
d.Immediate Fluency – Learners have an

advanced vocabulary and can use more

complicated sentence structures. They can also

share their opinions and thoughts.
e.Advanced Fluency – By this stage, learners will

finally have several years of experience, and can

function at a level close of native speakers.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FIRST LANGUAGE
AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION:-

First Language Second Language
Acquisition:- Acquisition:-

Definition Children’s acquisition of their Learning a language after LIN BRINATZIAMLOI HD
Process native language. acquiring the mother tongue.
Education and
Instruction Subconscious process Actively and consciously
Native-like
Fluency Does not require explicit Requires explicit instruction
instructions or education and education

Reach a native-like fluency Difficult to reach a native-
like fluency