Science Year 6

Chapter 1

by Jae,Jie Hon and Adrian

About
Forces

force

What is Friction?

Friction is a force that causes moving object
to slow down.

What is Magnetic force?

Magnetic force is a pulling and pushing force
of a magnet

What is Air resistance?

Air resistance is a force that slows down
moving objects. For example it slows down
the movement of a falling parachute

What is Elastic spring force?
an elastic spring f
orce is exerted

when a spring is compressed or
stretch

Affect of friction in our daily
lives.

Pros: it allow us Cons: it causes
to hold wear and
object tear.
firmly.
It makes it
it enable difficult to
us to walk. move
things.

What is gravity

Earth exerts a pulling force an all objects
towards the ground.The force is called
gravity or gravitational force.This is why
things fall to the ground after we throw
them upwards

What is the difference between
mass and weight?

Mass: The amount of matter in an object.

Weight: it is affected by gravity.

1) What are the differences
between mass and weight.

Mass Weight

Unit: Newtons (N) Unit: Kilogram (KG)
and Gram (G)

Amount of matter in affected by gravity
an object

ENERGYCHAPTER 2

TYPES OF ENERGY

Light Energy
Heat Energy
Sound Energy
Electrical Energy
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy

BY:ZING FAY, RIKTHIKHA, CHERRY
AND ZHI XUAN.

Energy has many
forms

Energy cannot be created
or destroyed

Energy can come from

different sources

Energy

Energy can only be Energy is the ability to do
converted from one work

form to another
form

All About Energy

Energy is all around us.



Energy allows us to do work.



The sun provides us with heat to keep us
warm and light to unable us to see.



Heat and light are different forms of energy.



The sound you produce is a form of energy.



Mobile phones and the vehicles you see on
the road require energy in order to work.

Light energy

Light is from of energy that allows us to see
things around us. Example plants use light

energy to carry out photosynthesis. So
without light energy plant cannot make food

and will die.

Heat energy

Heat is a form of energy that makes us feel
warm. Heat energy comes from different
sources. Our main source of heat energy is
the Sun.

Sound energy

Sound energy is a form of energy that we can
hear. Sound is a large part of our daily lives.
Example music is a form of sound, sounds allows
us to communicate, ships use sounds to find the

depth of the ocean.

Electrical energy

Electrical appliances such as refrigerators,
washing machines and ovens need to be
plugged into a mains supply in order to get the

energy for them to work.

Potential energy

Potential energy is stored in our body. Stored energy can
help us to do work. When object is placed above the

ground, it create an energy called gravitational potential
energy. Amount of gravitational potential energy depends

on mass and height above the ground.

Kinetic energy

The amount of kinetic energy on object has
depends on its speed and mass. The greater the

mass and the speed, the greater the kinetic
energy it has.

Questions time

1.Define gravitational potential energy.

It's an energy that an object has when it's placed
above the ground.

2.Define kinetic energy.

Energy possessed by moving object.

3.List down three energy that we use in our
daily lives .

Light energy
Sound energy
Heat energy

Energy

CGHRAOPUTEPR33

17
OCT
2022




JiaYuan,JiaHao,Gerald,
Yanzhang

Conductors

•Project that can let current
connect

•Example:Key,Ring,Coins,Pin

Insulators

•A project that can 't let current
connect

•Example:Wood,Rules,Plastic Bag,Plastic
Bottle

Diagrams

Note:The longer line represents the positive terminal

Type of circuit

Series circuit

If the components are connected one after another in the
circuit,there is only one path for electricity to flow.This type of

circuit is known as a series circuit

Parallel circuit

A parallel circuit is a circuit that has more than one
path for electricity to flow

What is a simple definition of electricity?

It a type of energy.It give electricity for human
daily use

Factors offecting the
brightness of lightbulb

Change the arrangement of
lightbulb

9v

4.5v 4.5v

•Voltage is shared between two lightbulbs
•lightbulb are dimmer than parallel circuit

9v

9v

9v

•Voltage is the sane for two lightbulbs on separate
pathway

•Lightbulb are brighter than series circuit

Thickness of wire

Thicker wire
•Thicker wire allow more electric current to flow

through,Thus,lightbulb will be brigter

Thinness wire

•Thinner wire allow less
electric surrent to flow through,Thus,lightbulb will

be dimmer

Number of butteries

Dimmer

•Less electricity flow in the circuit

Brighter

•More electricity flow in the circuit

Number of lightbulb

9v



9v
•More electricity flowi
ng through are lightbulb

9v



3V 3V 3V

•Brightress of lightbulb decreases
•Electricity is shared by more lightbulb

How Can We Use Electricity
Safely

•do not remove a plug from a socket while the switch is on.Turn the switch
off first

•do not use or touch exposed electrical wires. Such wires can cause electric
shocks when touched

• do not try to repair any electrical equipment yourself.Get an adult or
electrician to do it instead

•do not connect too many plugs to one socket

•don't put electrical appliances or wires near water sorces

•don't use a wet hand to on or off electricity













CHAPTER 5

FOOD CHAINS

what is food producers?
what is food consumers?
what is herbivores,
carnivores and omnivores?
what is prey?

what is predator?

WHAT'S IN THIS CHAPTER?

ALL LIVING THINGS TO
CARRY OUT LIFE
PROCESSES

AN ORGANISM FEEDS ON enables
ANOTHER
FOOD CHAINS
ENERGY is transferred in
comes originally from
is transferred whenis obtained from

THE FOOD THE SUN
WE EAT

What is food chains?

A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web
starting from producer organisms and ending at an apex

predator species, detritivores,or decomposer species.

A food chain also shows how organisms are related to
each other by the food they eat.Each level of a food chain

represents a different trophic level.

HOW THE PLANTS MAKE THEIR OWN
FOOD?

To carry out life processes, all living things require energy.
We obtain this energy from the food we consume, which
can be either plant- or animal-based.

Animals get the energy they need from eating plants or
other animals.

Plants are living things too.They also need energy.Plants
can make their own food because they contain a green

pigment,chlorophyll,found mostly in their leaves.

Chlorophyll helps plants to trap light energy that enables
them to make food through a process called
photosynthesis.

What is

FOOD PRODUCER AND
FOOD CONSUMER

SINCE PLANTS ARE ABLE TO MAKE THEIR
OWN FOOD,WE CALL THEM FOOD
PRODUCER.THEY DEPEND DIRECTLY ON
THE SUN FOR ENERGY.FOOD PRODUCERS
ARE THE STARTING POINT OF FEEDING
RELATIONSHIPS IN ANY HABITAT.

WHEN ANIMALS EAT THESE PLANT
PARTS,THEY GET THE ENERGY THEY
NEED.UNLIKE PLANTS,ANIMALS CANNOT
MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD.THEY DEPEND

ON OTHER LIVING THINGS FOR
FOOD.HENCE,ANIMALS ARE CALLED

FOOD CONSUMERS.THEY DEPEND
INDIRECTLY ON THE SUN FOR ENERGY.

Herbivores are animals that only eat plants.

Carnivores are animals that only eat other
animals.

Omnivores are animals that eat both plants and
other animals.

We can use a food chain to represent thefeeding
relationships,which in turn shows the energy transfer from one

organism to another.

A food chain always begins with a plant as the food producer.

Grasses Sheep Tiger
(food producer) (food consumer) (food consumer )

An animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal is
called a prey.

An animal that hunts and feeds on another animal is
called a predator.

Food chains can sometimes be made up of more than two
food consumers.

The first food consumer is called the primary consumer.

The second food consumer is called the secondary consumer.

The third food consumer is called the tertiary consumer.

QUESTIONS

1.List down three Omnivore animals.
Monkey

Chapter 7

WHAT WILL I LEARN?

Know the difference types of nature
resources and why they are important

Explore how Man's activities have positive
and negative impacts on the environment

Explore the number of ways of caring for
the environment

Our environment

Is affected by Is
Man's action is
affected by
Man's action

is

Positive Negative
ways ways

What are natural resorces and
why are they important

Trees provide crude oil is extracted from the kinetic energy from the wind help
wood ground by pumpjack to turn the turbines to produce
electrical energy

renewable non-renewable

What are natural resources and

why are they important?

A natural resource is something that you
can get and used from the nature

Trees provide wood crude oil is extracted
underground by pumpjacks

Kinetic energy from the
wind helps turn the turbine

for electrical energy

Decomposable

Cannot dissolve

Air pollution

Burning of fossil fuels
•Make smoke

•Harmful gases like carbon dioxide
•Sulphur dioxide into the air

Burning of forest
•Burn tree and bush
•Cheap and quick way for farmer to clear land

•Smoke and haze

Acid rain
•Nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide
•Can corrode fabric,metals,concrete and paint
•Cause soil to be too acidic for certain plant to grow




Haze
•Created when dust
•Smoke and other dry particles arre released into the

air

Deforestation

Deforestation is when humans remove or
thin forests for lumber or to use the land
where the trees stood for crops, grazing,

extraction (mining, oil, or gas), or
development as the population increases

and people migrate.

Reforestation

Reforestation (occasionally,
reafforestation) is the natural or
intentional restocking of existing
forests and woodlands (forestation)
that have been depleted, usually
through deforestation, but also after

clearcutting.

Chapter 8

Reversible
changes and
Irreversible

changes

Matter

can undergo

that can be Change

Reversible that

can
be

irreversible