FACULTY OF REAL ESTATE MANAGEMENT SEMESTER 1 (SESSION 2022/2023) BPE 20803 HOUSING SYSTEM AND DEVELPOMENT ( SECTION 2) GROUP PROJECT LECTURER: DR INDERA SYAHRUL BIN MAT RADZUAN PREPARED BY: NAME NO. MATRIC ESMAHAFFIQ HAIQAL BIN ISMAIL AP210529 MUHAMMAD AMIRUL MUKMIN BIN MOHD ZAKI AP210216 MUHAMMAD ANIF BIN MOHD FADZLI AP210425 MUHAMMAD FAHMI BIN MOHD FAUDZI AP210291 NUR SAIDATUL IZYAN BINTI MOHD SAYOTI AP210421 NURUL SHAFIKA BINTI HAZEMIN AP210068
Table Of Content DESCRIPTION PAGE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Goal and Objectives 1.2 Scope of Study 1-2 2.0 HOUSING ISSUES IN TAMAN UNIVERSITY, PARIT RAJA, JOHOR 3 2.1 Ability to buy house. 2.1.1 Issues and Problems 2.1.2 Government Policies 2.1.3 The Factors 2.1.4 The Impacts of 2.1.5 Recommendations 3-10 2.2 House price beyond affordability 2.2.1 Issues and Problems 2.2.2 Government Policies 2.2.3 The Factors 2.2.4 The Impacts of 2.2.5 Recommendations 11-17 2.3 Accessibility in Taman University 2.3.1 Issues and Problems 2.3.2 Government Policies 2.3.3 The Factors 2.2.4 The Impacts of 2.2.5 Recommendations 17-22 2.4 Natural and Social Environment 2.3.1 Issues and Problems 2.3.2 Government Policies 2.3.3 The Factors 2.2.4 The Impacts of 2.2.5 Recommendations 22-30 3.0 CONCLUSION 31 REFFERENCES 32-33
1 1.0 INTRODUCTION Housing is an important part of our lives because it serves as both a home and a place of rest for us. It also contributes significantly to economic growth as it involves investment, employment, and labour productivity. On the other side, it turns into a metric to assess the health of the communities. (Harris and Arku, 2006). However, the availability of housing is still a significant problem in Malaysia today since it is very difficult to regulate home development that complies with the housing policy. This will be further clarified in the examination of the housing problems that Malaysia experienced. The five (5) major subjects that will be covered in this study are housing issues in Malaysia, government policies for housing, the factors and impacts of housing issues, and recommendations for solving housing issues. There are four (4) major issues concerning housing which is ability to buy house, house price beyond affordability, accessibility in Taman Universiti, and natural and social environment. 1.1 Goal and Objectives 1.1.1 Goal The goal of this study is to discuss current housing issues that occurred in Taman Universiti, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor 1.1.2 Objectives i. To identify issues and problems of housing in Malaysia. ii. To study government policies for housing in Malaysia. iii. To identify the factors and impacts related to housing issues. iv. To come out with recommendations for housing issues in Malaysia.
2 1.2 Scope of study The discussion on housing issues will cover five (5) topic which are: (Refer to Figure 1.1) Figure 1.1: Scope of Study
3 2.0 Housing Issues in Taman Universiti, Parit Raja, Johor 2.1 Ability to buy house According to the Khazanah Research Institute's (KRI) Making Housing Affordable Report, the Malaysian housing sector is overpriced because of a fragmented and inefficient building business system. According to KRI, houses in Kuala Lumpur and Penang are severely unaffordable and 40 percent of the middle-income groups will require some form of social housing in the future. Malaysian all-house prices increased at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.1% between 2000 and 2009. It does, however, rise at a CAGR of 10.1 percent between 2009 and 2014, nearly three 3 times faster than it did from 2000 to 2009. Property prices range from RM200,000 to RM500,000. The upward trend in Malaysian housing prices has piqued the interest of home buyers, investors, and policymakers. This study is significant because it concentrates on the main variables affecting housing costs in Malaysia. Due to a significant change in housing prices that would have a significant impact on the prosperity of developers and home buyers as well as the entire country, these agencies must handle housing with caution. 2.1.1 Issues and problem 1. House prices are too high Based on our inspection, after interviewing several residents, some stated that house prices range from RM280,000 to RM370,000 depending on the type and size of the house. For example, an intermediate terrace house in Taman Universiti area is priced at RM285,000 with an area of 1,540 square feet while an intermediate terrace house with two floors with the same area is priced at RM350,000. Furthermore, with salaries in the range of RM1500 for new employees in various sectors, it is difficult for them to buy a house or take out a loan with a bank. The low salary rate does not keep pace with the increase in the price of goods, including the price of houses, which will result in many houses not being sold. Because most young people are getting the minimum wage.
4 2. Difficulty getting a loan Based on the inspection in Taman Universiti, we found that there are several unoccupied houses. We have interviewed residents, then we can conclude that the house has not been bought by anyone or has been abandoned for a long time. This is compounded by the difficulty factor for the buyer to obtain a bank loan, especially during the challenging period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the Malaysian Real Estate and Housing Developers Association (REHDA). Another factor that affects house prices is inflation. This is because higher construction costs lead to higher new home prices. According to some analysts, a 1% increase in inflation increases property prices by 0.027 percent. Inflation is also defined as a widespread and persistent rise in prices throughout the economy. Housing is generally considered a good inflation-linked asset because housing prices seem to rise in lockstep with inflation. Even the rise in house prices caused by significant inflation in the Malaysian housing market has had a negative impact on the younger generation. Picture 1: Interview 1
5 3. Poor quality of housing Based on the inspection in Taman Universiti, we found that there are several unoccupied houses. When we interviewed several residents, some stated that the poor quality of the house may be the reason why buyers are less interested in buying. For example, the area in front of the house that is not wide and narrow results in vehicles having to park on the road and resulting in double parking. A narrow drainage system can also result in blockages and therefore can invite flooding if there is no periodic cleaning of the drainage system. Picture 2 Picture 3
6 2.1.2 Government policies LPPSA LPPSA was launched in Malaysia on January 1, 2016. In compliance with the rules of the Public Sector House Financing Board Act 2015, LPPSA's duties include managing the Fund and overseeing the public sector home financing programme (Act 767). To provide advice to the minister of finance on issues involving the public sector home financing facility, as well as to carry out any other tasks that may be necessary or permitted by Act 767.(MyGOV - the Government of Malaysia’s Official Portal, n.d.) Source: My Government Portal (2022)
7 2.1.3 The factors As a result of the issues, housing has become very unaffordable for the locals. Household income has not increased at the same rate as house prices, which has been a clear problem for buyers over time. To put it another way, despite rising real estate prices, no one can afford to purchase a new home due to extremely low individual incomes. It is crucial to understand the variables that influence Malaysian housing prices in order to understand how the government, buyers, sellers, and financial institutions can benefit.Therefore, the purpose of this study is to further discuss the variables affecting housing prices in Malaysia. 1. A high rate of interest Based on our inspection, high interest rates are one of the factors that influence the increase in housing costs. Bank loans have multiple effects on home values. Household borrowing and housing prices have a bidirectional relationship, with housing prices having a large effect on household borrowing due to various wealth effects. People will be able to make some investments, such as buying more homes, while mortgage interest rates remain low. Interest rate changes are important for homeowners because they have a direct impact on property values. Based on Maybank we see that interest day by day getting high. (Base Lending Rates | Maybank Malaysia, n.d.). Source: Maybank2u Portal (2022)
8 2. Inflation Based on our inspection, after interviewing several residents, some stated that the continued increase in the rate of inflation results in the concern of increased purchase costs for now, as well as potential home buyers will be more attracted to renting as a short-term alternative. This therefore causes the supply of houses for sale to exceed the demand to buy houses. From 1973 to 2022, Malaysia's inflation rate averaged 3.40 percent, with record highs of 23.90 percent in March 1974 and -2.90 percent in April 2020. This page offers information on the Malaysia Inflation Rate, including current figures, past data, projections, charts, statistics, an economic calendar, and news. (Malaysia Inflation Rate, n.d.) Source: Trading Economics Portal (2022) 3. The salary earned is very low After interviewing some residents, they stated that the wages received at the moment are very low, which definitely makes it difficult for people, whether young or old, to buy a house. For example, with the minimum wage set by the government that is according to the area, it is indeed difficult to make a loan to buy a house. The salary which is in the range of RM1500 to RM2000 for workers is definitely facing financial constraints especially with the increase in the cost of living.
9 2.1.4 The impact 1. The rate of people who will rent a house increases over time compared to having their own house or assets. This is because they believe that owning their own home will be burdensome because they will have to pay house payments that are above their means every month, affecting their monthly income. This focuses on the B40 and below group because a monthly income of less than RM 2,500 makes it difficult to afford the monthly housing payment, which can exceed half of the salary. Because they are unable to buy their own homes, the majority of government employees rent. Furthermore, when an epidemic such as Covid-19 strikes Malaysia, it has a significant impact on people's decision not to purchase a home because their income factor decreases due to salary cuts or increased expenses for health and daily needs. 2. Housing loan approvals in Malaysia are declining, especially for the B40 group. Housing loan approval in Malaysia is declining, particularly among the B40 group. This is due to the fact that the majority of them have difficulty obtaining a bank loan for housing payments. One of the reasons their loans are not approved is a lack of income or failure to meet the loan conditions. This is because the bank will determine the prospective loan borrowers' income, debt, and commitment in order to avoid the issue of not being able to repay the loan. This effect is related to the current issue of housing being sold at prices that are beyond the means of Malaysians. It also discourages people from purchasing a home as an asset. 3. Developers, contractors and land will be losses. Losses also affect contractors and developers because they attempted to prepare housing to meet the needs of a large number of people. The house, however, was not well received due to its high market price. They spent a lot of money because the cost of basic building materials is rising these days. Furthermore, it will be a loss for the land because the land has been used for construction but not properly used due to a lack of buyers. If this is not properly addressed, the
10 country will suffer significant losses. This is due to the fact that the land cannot be used for other purposes and will result in direct losses. 2.1.5 Recommendations Based on this issue, there are several recommendations that can be proposed to resolve the housing issue so as not to exceed the people's ability. The government sector has proposed strategies to address it including the private sector. Such as: 1. Reduce development charges and compliance costs in the provision of new housing. The state government and local governments are advised to reduce fees and development costs in order to lower affordable housing prices. In this regard, both the government and the private sector involved in development must play an important role in serving the needs and interests of Malaysians. 2. People should take the opportunity provided by the government which has introduced several very comprehensive housing schemes. The state government has established housing schemes such as the PRIMA Scheme, MyHome Scheme, B40 Affordable Housing Fund, Home Ownership Campaign (HOC), and Housing Loan Scheme specifically for qualified private personnel B40. People must use the government's initiatives in the most effective way possible, taking into account the needs of Malaysian citizens. 3. Ease the burden of the people by creating a Moratorium method for affordable home buyers Due to the current pandemic, the Malaysian Government has introduced a new method which is now known as the PENJANA initiative. This initiative focuses on the financial well-being of the people. By paying the last 6 months to Bank Negara Malaysia, potential home buyers can ease their financial burden. 2.2 House price beyond affordability Most people's ultimate goal in life is to own a house of their own and use it as a place of refuge and comfort. It was widely believed in the years leading up to the Asian financial
11 crisis in 1997 and late 1998 that, during times of high economic expansion, housing prices would continue to rise, making them unaffordable.(Zainal, 2010) However, property remains the single most costly investment for most families and a significant representation of their aspirations. This means that the housing market has a significant impact on the economic cycle via its effects on employment, the capital market, consumer spending, and national wealth. On the other hand, a sustained housing market boom leaves the regional economy exposed to a downturn and opens the door to growing financial instability and imbalance (Abraham & Hendershott 1996). Real income growth affects households' purchasing power and borrowing capacity, interest rate affects the cost of capital and the ability to pay it back, stock prices affect households' wealth and investment options, supply affects the availability and choice of homes, population growth is a proxy for the growth rate of households, and economic activity affects consumption and the sub sectors related to the housing market, according to research. 2.2.1 Issues and Problem 1. Beyond the capabilities of the user Based on our observations, we interviewed several residents in the university park area explaining that house prices there are too high and cause them to only rent houses in that area. In addition, they also experience a high cost of living with rising prices of goods. To put it simply, the cost of a home in Malaysia is out of reach for the vast majority of the population. According to the Multiple Median (MM) method of calculating income, the cost of a home in Malaysia is three times the average yearly wage of a Malaysian worker, as calculated by Dr. Mohd. Afzanizam Abdul Rashid, chief economist of Bank Islam. As per today's publication of the Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) Second Half Financial Stability Survey, 76% of Malaysian families have incomes of less than RM8,333 per month and can afford only a home costing up to RM300,000. Only 36% of the newly released homes are valued at less than RM300,000.
12 Source: Brickz Portal (2022) Picture 4 2.2.2 Government policies
13 The National Affordable Housing Policy, a set of guidelines established by the National Housing Department in 2019, is relevant to this problem of property prices that are out of reach. The major requirements for the creation of accessible housing for the populace have been highlighted in this policy. Prior to stressing the National Affordable Housing Policy, this policy also makes reference to the National Housing Policy 2018–2025 in order to ensure alignment with the National Development Department's own development strategy. A number of requirements for creating cheap housing with the idea of sustainable housing have also been outlined in the National Affordable Housing Policy. The policy's first criterion, "home price with income," which emphasises that housing built in Malaysia must be in accordance with people's abilities so as not to burden them solely because of house costs, is in line with the problem of house prices that are out of reach for most people. The National Cheap Housing Policy also has 6 key focuses to fulfil the 17 requirements for affordable housing, one of which is a sustainable idea. The primary objective is to look at and consider the housing concerns that individuals experience while setting certain standards and regulations to address all of these problems regardless of whether home ownership is affordable for people. Source: National Affordable Housing Policies (2019) 2.2.3 The factors
14 1. High cost of living The price of the house exceeds the affordability. Spending more than you can afford on a home can restrict your ability to invest because of the added stress of making payments and dealing with repairs. Additionally, rising home values may be attributed to the growing number of wealthy Malaysians, both those born in the current covid 19 period and those who were already wealthy before the crisis hit and emerged unscathed. Because to covid 19, there have been less new housing units introduced to the market. There are a lot of stalled projects because developers and contractors "fall down" in the middle of the road and can't get back up. Many homes have been left empty. Eventually, homebuyers in Malaysia would have less alternatives to choose from. In light of the spread of COVID 19 and the conflict in Ukraine, that is not sufficient. Construction supplies, including metal, cement, and sand, have seen dramatic price increases as a result of Russia's impact on the supply chain and the ability to produce these goods. This just occurred today. The rising expense of construction has gotten everyone's attention. With fewer important regions to be developed for future projects, progress is being made. The price of goods in Parit Raja also increased due to the covid that hit. This causes everyone to not have stable finances. Picture 5 2. No promotions
15 Housing in the moat university park area does not have promotions about houses for sale.Organizational promotions are often determined by senior executives' subjective assessments of their subordinates' potential for advancement to the company's highest levels of management. You may not even be aware of the existence of these guidelines, much alone the exact competencies you'll need to exhibit if you want to reach the executive level. Put simply, it is up to you to figure out how to use criticism and advance in your job. Picture 6 2.2.4 The Impact 1. Political Landscape While political stability is highly valued by investors, political shifts may have a detrimental effect on the real estate market. There are a number of political shifts that might impact housing market predictability, such as shifts in land policy, the appointment of new ministers with different agendas, and changes in construction rules. Even while national improvements are generally the result of changes in the political environment, investors in the real estate market still have no idea what the obstacles to success will be. The market's future trajectory is unknown. 2. Real Estate Market Economics
16 The dynamics of supply and demand in a market are irresistible. If we wish to acquire items that are in low supply, prices will increase, since this is how fundamental economic concepts work. Goods' prices tend to decline when supply exceeds demand. Although this brief explanation does not go into detail about how the market works, it is evident that it is connected to the housing market. There will be a surplus of a given sort of real estate if there is more of it than people need. In other words, costs will drop dramatically. In recent years, the direction of the Malaysian real estate market has shown poor performance, even a reduction in prices in certain locations, generating an overstock in some categories. Popular locations continue to see price hikes since supply and demand are not perfectly aligned. 3. Location Investors and homebuyers both put a premium on a property's location when making a purchase choice. Though you can't change the location of already-built homes, you may influence the future value of your investment by choosing a good neighbourhood in which to purchase a new house. As per the most recent tendencies, a desirable place to reside is one that has a stellar reputation, low crime rates, and many convenient facilities. All of it will increase the area's desirability to potential purchasers, which, according to supply and demand, will lead to increased property prices. 2.2.5 Recommendations 1. Recommended a number of changes, including making it easier for those with PTPTN loan arrears to qualify for a mortgage. 2. There is nothing anybody can do to influence political shifts, and they are notoriously difficult to foresee. House prices may fall, but political shifts don't follow any predictable pattern in the economy as a whole. If there are political changes, people will be hesitant to make large investments like buying a home. Though this may cause prices to fall across the board, analysts are concerned about investments in light of this news. 3. Property buyers should prioritise location. Cost-benefit analysis is essential. Mont Kiara in Kuala Lumpur, a mature and affluent suburb, is rising dramatically. Buyers should be aware that real estate values rise steadily. Location is about finding a place with a good price-to-value ratio and a high return. If you're purchasing real estate to reside in, select a desired (and inexpensive) neighbourhood. 2.3 Accessibility in Taman Universiti
17 Accessibility refers to the process of rendering information, activities, and/or settings sensible, meaningful, and usable for the greatest number of individuals that can be accommodated. In the context of architectural design, accessibility is likely an example that each of us is familiar with and has seen at some point. Take into consideration the so-called "accessible entry" found in buildings. Accessible design components include things like handrails, ramps, doors that open and close on their own, lifts and elevators, signs, lighting, and even the width and height of the steps on a staircase. Each purpose is to raise, improve, or eliminate a barrier to a person's access to a building or structure, and consequently to that which is housed on the interior of the building or structure. However, much as accessible design can improve the user experience in other settings, designing for accessibility can dramatically improve user experience for all of us. In certain circumstances, these design features are specifically for people who have disabilities. 2.3.1 Issues and Problem 1.0 Potholed road Road damage, potholes, and puddles are now a concern because they can cause accidents. Especially on the main road, where many people travel. For example, Jalan Taman Universiti, where we conducted the survey, is the main road for the residential area. Residents of the Taman University area, on the other hand, are not surprised because potholes have been a problem for a long time. This type of road condition directly endangers drivers, particularly students who live nearby. As a result, the authorities must play an important role in preventing this problem from spreading and worsening. This problem is caused by a number of factors, and it will also affect residents in the Taman Universiti residential area.
18 Picture 7: Potholed Road 2.Internet network problems The Internet, as is generally known, is a technology that is always evolving with new features to maximise access to various services and access. Since the advent of the internet, modern human existence has gotten simpler and more comfortable. Financial institutions, health care, the economy, and even education profit frequently from the Internet's rapid development. This means that, directly or indirectly, the Internet has changed life in a variety of ways. While conducting surveys and interviews with inhabitants of Apartment Taman University, the bulk of them are students. They have, emphasising that one of the main issues is the internet. Students nowadays rely heavily on the Internet since they no longer have to waste time travelling to the library or searching for books by their favourite writers. The Internet's accessibility has made it easier for pupils to better comprehend their courses.
19 2.3.2 Government policies Dasar Pengangkutan Negara Transport will continue to be crucial in expanding economic opportunity, facilitating access, and fostering social development in a developing and expanding economy. One of the primary pillars of the National Transport Policy (NTP) 2019–2030 is to improve the nation's transportation infrastructure and offer a sustainable transportation system in line with the Malaysian Government's initiatives to promote Malaysia's economic growth. (Dasar Pengangkutan Negara 2019-2030 Dan Inisiatif MAVCOM | Malaysian Aviation Commission (MAVCOM), n.d.) Source: mavcom Portal
20 2.3.3 The Factors 1.0 Use of poor quality tar material The only known cause is the use of poor quality tar, which causes the road to break or have holes, putting road users in danger. This is because the material utilised may not be able to sustain the enormous load of the vehicle that happens, causing it to be eroded and potholed. The road building department should handle this subject carefully so that the road's quality is always maintained. This is due to the fact that improving road quality can minimise the number of accidents, which is increasing year after year. 2.0 Lack of internet substations The lack of new internet substations, particularly in newly built residential areas, would cause internet network problems; as evidence, we conducted a survey in the Taman Universiti Apartment area, which is a newly erected building. This will directly interfere with the residents' ability to relate to one another, as well as with the pupils' learning sessions. As a result, authorities such as the developer should address this issue as soon as possible so that it does not reoccur. 2.3.4 The Impact 1.0 Damage to the vehicle Damage caused by potholes causing bent wheel shapes, blown tires, and suspension damage affects all drivers who use the roads in and around the University Park area. Potholes can cause serious damage to cars as well as risky driving conditions for everyone on the road. This is the main reason why we urge the local city government to fund infrastructure improvements accordingly with proper efforts, and we hope that all drivers and motorcyclists will take care of safety by always being aware and paying close attention to the potholes on the roads within Taman Universiti. 2.0 Cause an accident Accidents are also caused by poor road conditions. There are still roads that are twisted, narrow, potholed, and slippery. The road's characteristics are almost identical
21 to those of the area we surveyed. This position appears to put people in risk, especially on wet days. Accidents are common in such settings. As a result, numerous spots on this country's highways have been identified as frequent sites of vehicle accidents. The government must play an essential role in preventing this issue from recurring so that no lives are lost. 3.0 The learning process is interrupted The issue of poor internet connectivity has a significant impact on the learning process of students who live in the Taman Universiti Apartment housing area since internet access in the area is quite poor. This is because the internet is one of the most basic things in this day and age, but if internet connection is still a problem, utilising any device is pointless. After all, in today's climate, many students study in a hybrid mode, that is, face-to-face and online, which necessitates adequate internet access. As a result, we strongly hope that the authorities ensure that internet connection is in good working order, making it easier for users. 2.3.5 Recommendations 1.0 Repair Road conditions Dangerous road conditions must also be improved in order to reduce road accidents. Potholed and uneven roads, for example, should be restored to make life easier for residents of Taman Universiti. While the little road should be widened even if it means spending a lot of money. In addition, road signage should be updated, and facilities such as overpasses and footpaths should be constructed. This is done to make it easier for users to cross the street and avoid collisions. 2.0 Placing large, clear and easily visible signs If the local government lacks the financial resources to fix the roads, this strategy is employed to avoid accidents from occurring. The authorities must also install signs in key locations to alert drivers about the dangers of the road ahead of them. This allows the driver to slow down the vehicle they are driving.
22 3.0 Installing an internet substation Installing new internet substations, particularly in trouble areas, is the most effective strategy to overcome access issues. This will directly help residents connect with one another, and it will also help students study. Although this demands a significant investment, it may not be an issue for the government to give facilities to its citizens. 2.4 Natural and social environment The word "natural environment" refers to the non-human-made surroundings and conditions that all living and nonliving creatures on Earth survive in. The term "natural environment" refers to two distinct components: ecological units that function as natural systems (such as soil, plants, and so on) and universal natural resources (such as air and water). The natural environment differs from the 'built environment,' which refers to regions that have been substantially modified and impacted by human activity, such as cities, towns, and infrastructure. Every environment is influenced by humans in some way, and a person's social environment is their society. All interactions, organisations, cultural practices, and built environments are included. The social environment has a significant impact on who we are and how we live, therefore sociologists, health researchers, and others investigate this topic, focusing on how individuals are impacted. 2.4.1 Housing issues in Taman Universiti 1. The drain is clogged with a large amount of garbage. Based on our research, we discovered many clogged drains that were not cleaned and were filled with garbage. Garbage thrown down drains clogs them and emits foul odours, and the dry season exacerbates the problem. Garbage thrown down drains clogs them and emits foul odours, and the dry season exacerbates the problem.
23 Picture 8 2. Irregular/proactive garbage collection Batu Pahat Municipal Council does not collect garbage regularly according to the schedule that has been set between one (1) to 13 days on the main road and housing estate around the university park. a total of 1/3 units of damaged trash cans are not replaced, 40 out of 69 housing estates are not provided with trash cans and 77 units of damaged trash cans are still in use.
24 Picture 9 3. Insufficient Parking For a long time, there has been a scarcity of parking places in residential neighbourhoods. According to people who live in the neighbourhood, this problem has no remedy and is becoming more serious year after year. Although the number of renter vehicles increased, the number of parking places remained the same. The majority of residential areas are undeniably
25 highly inhabited. Of course, the biggest difficulty is parking, which is exacerbated by the relatively little open space. There are also those who are arrogant and like to park in front of the homes of their neighbours. Owners or tenants of the home are unhappy as a result. Picture 10 4. Inefficient Management of Nature There are many untrimmed shrubs in the Taman Universiti residential neighbourhood, according to our research. The weeds have grown so high that
26 passing vehicles can no longer see them. This circumstance has caused a number of issues for the local community. Picture 11
27 2.4.2 Government policies Dasar Alam Sekitar negara The National Environmental Policy (NAP) was established to further Malaysia's economic, social, and cultural growth while also enhancing the quality of life for all Malaysians.The objectives of DASN are to promote economic growth and long-term human progress, conserve and enhance the environment, and include environmental considerations into development activities and associated decision-making processes. It takes into account international agreements of common interest and complements and expands the environmental component found in other national policies, such as forestry and industrial policies.(Dasar Alam Sekitar Negara – Jabatan Alam Sekitar, n.d.) 2.4.3 The factors 1. Irresponsible Attitude A few careless people dump garbage down the drain, clogging water drainage, particularly in residential areas. The rubbish that is frequently thrown away is garbage that includes food leftovers as well as food and beverage packaging items. If this rubbish is not removed, it will foul the environment and attract disease-carrying rodents and insects. 2. The authorities' difficulty in dealing with the disposal issue. The authorities' difficulty in dealing with the issue of rubbish disposal is the administration of garbage collection contracts and the lack of systematic public cleaning. Furthermore, the broad administrative area and a lack of staff, such as enforcement officers, are among the obstacles for Local Authorities (PBT) in their efforts to address the issue of rubbish disposal in residential areas.
28 3. Insufficient parking space In residential areas, a lack of parking spaces has become a concern. This problem is becoming more significant as the number of occupants' cars increases while the quantity of parking places remains constant. This is due to the dense population density of residential areas, which is exacerbated by the availability of comparatively few open spaces. As a result, car parking has become a serious concern. Therefore, when there is insufficient parking space, this becomes a resident issue. 2.4.4 The Impact of Housing Issues 1. Air pollution We have investigated numerous consequences on housing concerns. Because of the clogged drains, the street environment of Taman Universiti stinks. A few careless people pour food trash, debris, and food plastics down the drain, clogging the water drainage. Clogged drains can generate flash floods if they are not cleared soon. Peoples' air spaces have been contaminated by foul scents. This has wrecked trouble in their daily life. 2. Health problem Furthermore, if not managed properly, uncontrolled and systematic garbage disposal can be damaging to the environment and public health. We discovered that the amount of waste thrown out exceeded the capacity of the trash can. If left alone, it may become a breeding ground for rats, which can transmit leptospirosis, as well as a breeding ground for flies, which can spread diseases such as typhoid, cholera, dysentery, and so on. 3. Large number of wild animal Inadequate bush management might lead to a large number of wild animals roaming. Snakes, wild boars, dogs, and other animals are examples. The community allege that the abandoned property's state, which is covered with wild trees and plants as tall as the house, exposes their homes to visits from animals and dangerous insects. They allege
29 that six incidences of snakes infiltrating homes from abandoned housing locations have occurred this year alone. Although the majority of the occurrences involve tiny and medium-sized snakes, homeowners are concerned that the shrubs in the abandoned house will become a breeding ground for huge snakes waiting for the right moment to "invade" their houses. People are also concerned about stray dogs at Taman Universiti, which produce filthy conditions owing to the garbage carried by the animals, as well as the safety of the residents due to the rising number of stray dogs. 4. Narrow space Because each property has a limited quantity of parking, the space might get crowded due to the inhabitants' automobiles being parked on the sides of the road in the region, the space on the road may grow narrower. It has made it harder for automobiles to manoeuvre when there is a road conflict. 2.4.5 Recommendations 1. Steps to overcome clogged drains The community's duty and responsibility is also necessary, not only to care for the environment but also to report any pollution to the Department of Environment (DOE). Furthermore, the community and the government, especially local governments (PBT), who are more aware of the location of the industry must act proactively in order to contain and prevent the same thing from happening again, as well as for the health of future generations. This is because community and government agency collaboration is critical to ensuring the well-being, safety, and health of all parties. 2. Measures to deal with waste disposal
30 The government can assist waste management agencies by taking certain steps. Local governments (PBT) should serve as a link between people and trash management organisations in their local communities. PBT shall perform monthly monitoring to determine the needs of residents in terms of garbage disposal. It is likely that with appropriate collaboration from the trash management agency, the bins and management schedule may be tailored to the demands of the nearby households. 3. Steps to overcome car parking problems To address the issue of a lack of parking spaces in residential areas, the Local Authority must provide a large vacant plot of land for each housing estate to be used as a car parking space. Furthermore, by limiting the use of cars for each resident, car parking problems can be reduced. 4. Efficient environmental management measures To achieve effective environmental management, the authorities must hire contractors to clean up the residential area. For example, making sure that the grass and weeds are trimmed, poisoning the grass, creeping weeds along the road, and so on. This is to ensure that the cleanliness of the residential area is well preserved and managed, as well as to prevent the presence of wild animals such as snakes, wild boars, dogs, and so on that could endanger the residents' safety.
31 3.0 Conclusion We may infer from the study that has been done that the issues observed in every housing area have existed for many years. The issue still exists despite the fact that it has been fixed. There are several difficulties with this Taman Universiti that have been identified. Actually, it has a lot of negative effects on society, the environment, and the environment itself, which leads to a lot of awful things happening. However, there is a solution and a means to handle any issue that arises. To ensure that it doesn't happen again in the future, all parties—including the government, the housing operator, and the individual in question—must find a solution.
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