Top Class Biology F4

Form IC094141


4 4
KSSM
CLASS 4 KSSM




Biology
Biology Biologi

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Contents







Introduction to Biology and Laboratory 3.4 Movement of Substances Across a Plasma
CHAPTER Rules Membrane and its Application in Daily Life
1

Pergerakan Bahan Merentasi Membran Plasma
Pengenalan kepada Biologi dan Peraturan
Makmal dalam Kehidupan Harian 18
SPM Practice 3 19
Smart Notes 1 HOTS Challenge 24
1.1 Fields and Careers in Biology Online Quick Quiz QR Code 24
Bidang Biologi dan Kerjaya 2 PAK-21 Corner QR Code 24
1.2 Safety and Rules in a Biology Laboratory
Keselamatan dan Peraturan dalam Makmal
Biologi 2 CHAPTER Chemical Compositions in a Cell
1.3 Communicating in Biology 4 Komposisi Kimia dalam Sel
Berkomunikasi dalam Biologi 3
1.4 Scientific Investigation in Biology
Penyiasatan Saintifik dalam Biologi 3 Smart Notes 25
SPM Practice 1 4 4.1 Water
HOTS Challenge 7 Air 26
Online Quick Quiz QR Code 7 4.2 Carbohydrates
PAK-21 Corner QR Code 7 Karbohidrat 26
4.3 Proteins
Protein 26
CHAPTER Cell Biology and Organisation 4.4 Lipids 27
2

Lipid
Biologi Sel dan Organisasi Sel
4.5
Nucleic Acids 27
Asid Nukleik
Smart Notes 8 SPM Practice 4 28
2.1 Cell Structure and Function HOTS Challenge 33
Struktur dan Fungsi Sel 9 Online Quick Quiz QR Code 33
2.2 Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms PAK-21 Corner QR Code 33
Proses Hidup Organisma Unisel 9
2.3 Living Processes in Multicellular Organisms
Proses Hidup Organisma Multisel 10 CHAPTER Metabolism and Enzymes
2.4 Levels of Organisation 5 Metabolisme dan Enzim
Aras Organisasi 10
SPM Practice 2 11
HOTS Challenge 15 Smart Notes 34
Online Quick Quiz QR Code 15 5.1 Metabolism
PAK-21 Corner QR Code 15 Metabolisme 35
Enzymes
5.2
Enzim 35
Movement of Substances Across a 5.3 Application of Enzymes in Daily Life
CHAPTER Plasma Membrane Aplikasi Enzim dalam Kehidupan Harian 36
3
Pergerakan Bahan Merentasi Membran
Plasma SPM Practice 5 36
HOTS Challenge
41
Online Quick Quiz QR Code 41
Smart Notes 16 PAK-21 Corner QR Code
3.1 Structure of Plasma Membrane 41
Struktur Membran Plasma 17
3.2 Concept of Movement of Substances Across a CHAPTER Cell Division
Plasma Membrane 6 Pembahagian Sel
Konsep Pergerakan Bahan Merentasi Membran
Plasma 17
3.3 Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Smart Notes 42
Membrane in Living Organisms 6.1 Cell Division
Pergerakan Bahan Merentasi Membran Plasma dalam Pembahagian Sel 43
Organisma Hidup 18

ii






CONTENT TOP CLASS BIO F4.indd 2 07/12/2020 4:17 PM

6.2 Cell Cycle and Mitosis 9.3 Absorption
Kitar Sel dan Mitosis 43 Penyerapan 71
6.3 Meiosis 9.4 Assimilation
Meiosis 44 Asimilasi 71
6.4 Issues of Cell Division on Human Health 9.5 Defaecation
Isu Pembahagian Sel terhadap Kesihatan Manusia 45 Penyahtinjaan 71
SPM Practice 6 46 9.6 Balanced Diet
HOTS Challenge 50 Gizi Seimbang 72
Online Quick Quiz QR Code 50 9.7 Health Issues Related to the Digestive System
PAK-21 Corner QR Code 50 and Eating Habits

Isu Kesihatan Berkaitan Sistem Pencernaan dan
Tabiat Pemakanan 72
SPM Practice 9 73
CHAPTER Cellular Respiration HOTS Challenge QR Code 77
7
Online Quick Quiz
77
Respirasi Sel
PAK-21 Corner QR Code 77
Smart Notes 51
7.1 Energy Production through Cellular Respiration
Penghasilan Tenaga melalui Respirasi Sel 52
7.2 Aerobic Respiration CHAPTER Transport in Humans and Animals
Respirasi Aerob 52 10 Pengangkutan dalam Manusia dan Haiwan
7.3 Fermentation
Fermentasi 52
SPM Practice 7 53 Smart Notes 78
HOTS Challenge 58 10.1 Types of Circulatory System 79

Jenis Peredaran Darah
Online Quick Quiz QR Code 58 10.2 Circulatory System of Humans
PAK-21 Corner QR Code 58 Sistem Peredaran Manusia 79
10.3 Mechanism of Heartbeat
Mekanisme Denyutan Jantung 80
CHAPTER Respiratory System in Humans and 10.4 Mechanism of Blood Clotting 80

Mekanisme Pembekuan Darah
8
Animals
10.5 Blood Groups of Humans
Sistem Respirasi dalam Manusia dan Haiwan
Kumpulan Darah Manusia 81
10.6 Health Issues Related to the Human
Smart Notes 59 Circulatory System
8.1 Types of Respiratory System Isu Kesihatan Berkaitan Sistem Peredaran Darah
Jenis Sistem Respirasi 60 Manusia 81
8.2 Mechanism of Breathing 10.7 Lymphatic System of Humans
Mekanisme Pernafasan 60 Sistem Limfa Manusia 82
8.3 Gaseous Exchange in Humans 10.8 Health Issues Related to the Human
Pertukaran Gas dalam Manusia 61 Lymphatic System
8.4 Health Issues Related to the Human Isu Kesihatan Berkaitan Sistem Limfa 82
Respiratory System SPM Practice 10 82
Isu Kesihatan berkaitan Sistem Respirasi Manusia 61 HOTS Challenge 88
SPM Practice 8 62
HOTS Challenge 67 Online Quick Quiz QR Code 88
Online Quick Quiz QR Code 67 PAK-21 Corner QR Code 88
PAK-21 Corner QR Code 67

CHAPTER Nutrition and the Human Digestive CHAPTER Immunity in Humans
11
9
System
Nutrisi dan Sistem Pencernaan Manusia Keimunan Manusia
Smart Notes 68 Smart Notes 89
9.1 Digestive System 11.1 Body Defense
Sistem Pencernaan 69 Pertahanan Badan 90
9.2 Digestion 11.2 Actions of Antibodies
Pencernaan 69 Tindakan Antibodi 90


iii






CONTENT TOP CLASS BIO F4.indd 3 07/12/2020 4:17 PM

11.3 Types of Immunity Support and Movement in Humans
Jenis Keimunan 91 CHAPTER and Animals
11.4 Health Issues Related to Immunity 14 Sokongan dan Pergerakan dalam Manusia dan
Isu Kesihatan Berkaitan Keimunan Manusia 91 Haiwan
SPM Practice 11 92
HOTS Challenge 96 Smart Notes 118
Online Quick Quiz QR Code 96 14.1 Types of Skeleton
PAK-21 Corner QR Code 96 Jenis Rangka 119
14.2 Musculoskeletal System of Humans
Sistem Otot Rangka Manusia 119
CHAPTER Coordination and Response in 14.3 Movement and Locomotion 121

Mekanisme Pergerakan dan Gerak Alih
12
Humans
14.4 Health Issues Related to the Human
Koordinasi dan Gerak Balas dalam Manusia

Musculoskeletal System
Isu Kesihatan Berkaitan Sistem Otot Rangka
Smart Notes 97 Manusia 121
12.1 Coordination and Response SPM Practice 14 122
Koordinasi dan Gerak Balas 98 HOTS Challenge 127
12.2 Nervous System Online Quick Quiz QR Code 127
Sistem Saraf 98
12.3 Neurones and Synapse PAK-21 Corner QR Code 127
Neuron dan Sinaps 99
12.4 Voluntary and Involuntary Actions Sexual Reproduction, Development and
Tindakan Terkawal dan Tindakan Luar Kawal 99 Growth in Humans and Animals
12.5 Health Issues Related to the Nervous System CHAPTER
Isu Kesihatan Berkaitan Sistem Saraf Manusia 100 15 Pembiakan Seks, Perkembangan dan
Pertumbuhan dalam Manusia dan Haiwan
12.6 The Endocrine System
Sistem Endokrin 100
12.7 Health Issues Related to the Endocrine Smart Notes 128
System 15.1 Reproductive System of Humans
Isu Kesihatan Berkaitan Sistem Endokrin Manusia 100 Sistem Pembiakan Manusia 129
SPM Practice 12 101 15.2 Gametogenesis in Humans
HOTS Challenge 106 Gametogenesis Manusia 129
Online Quick Quiz QR Code 106 15.3 Menstrual Cycle 130

Kitar Haid
PAK-21 Corner QR Code 106 15.4 Development of Human Foetus
Perkembangan Fetus Manusia 130
15.5 Formation of Twins
CHAPTER Homeostasis and the Human Urinary Pembentukan Kembar 131
15.6 Health Issues Related to the Human
13
System

Homeostasis dan Sistem Urinari Manusia
Reproductive System
Isu Kesihatan Berkaitan Sistem Pembiakan
Manusia 131
Smart Notes 107 15.7 Growth in Humans and Animals
13.1 Homeostasis 132
Pertumbuhan dalam Manusia dan Haiwan
Homeostasis 108 SPM Practice 15 133
13.2 The Urinary System
Sistem Urinari 108 Online Quick Quiz QR Code 138
13.3 Health Issues Related to the Urinary System PAK-21 Corner QR Code 138
Isu Kesihatan Berkaitan Sistem Urinari 109
SPM Practice 13 110 SPM Year-End Assessment 139
HOTS Challenge 117
Online Quick Quiz QR Code 117 Answers
PAK-21 Corner QR Code 117 http://www.epelangi.com/TopClass/Biology/F4/Answer.pdf
BONUS


Lembaran PBD Answers for Lembaran PBD
http://www.epelangi.com/Top/Biology/F4/ http://www.epelangi.com/Top/Biology/F4/
LembaranPBD.pdf AnswerLembaranPBD.pdf


iv






CONTENT TOP CLASS BIO F4.indd 4 07/12/2020 4:17 PM

CHAPTER Immunity in Humans

11

Keimunan Manusia





SMART Notes
Defence Mechanism in the Body
Mekanisme Pertahanan Badan


Non-specific Defense Specific Defence
Pertahanan Tidak Spesifik Pertahanan Spesifik


First Line of Defense Second Line of Defence Third Line of Defence
Barisan Pertahanan Pertama Barisan Pertahanan Kedua Barisan Pertahanan Ketiga


Physical barrier Chemical barrier Phagocytosis Inflammation Antibody Memory
Pelindung fizikal Pelindung kimia Fagositosis Keradangan Antibodi cell
Sel
memori
Skin Mucous Blood clotting Hydrochloric Fever
Kulit membrane mechanism Acids Demam
Membran Mekanisme Asid hidroklorik
mukus pembekuan darah Defence
mechanism in the
body
Mekanisme
Mucus Cilia Lysozyme VIDEO 3 pertahanan badan
Mukus Silia Lisozim

IMMUNITY / KEIMUNAN
Actions of Antibodies Active / Aktif
Tindakan Antibodi The body
Concentration of antibody in the blood (%) Kepekatan antibodi dalam darah (%) Immunity level the
produces
Aras keimunan
Neutralisation antibody.
Peneutralan Badan
menghasilkan
Masa (Minggu)
Agglutination First injection Second injection Time (Week) antibodi
Pengaglutinatan Suntikan kali Suntikan kali sendiri.
pertama kedua

Precipitation Passive / Pasif The body
Pemendakan Immunity level receives the
antibody
Opsonisation Concentration of antibody in the blood (%) Kepekatan antibodi dalam darah (%) Aras keimunan from
Pengopsoninan outside.
Badan
Masa (Minggu)
Complement fixation First injection Second injection Time (Week) menerima
antibodi dari
Penguraian Suntikan kali Suntikan kali luar.
pertama
kedua
89 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.






11 Top Class Biology F4.indd 89 07/12/2020 5:00 PM

Biology Form 4 Chapter 11 Immunity in Humans

Body Defence
11.1 Pertahanan Badan


1. Define / Definisikan: TP 1
(a) Pathogen / Patogen:


(b) Antigen / Antigen:

(c) Antibody / Antibodi:



2. Explain the characteristics of skin that enable it to act as physical barrier in the first line of defence
in human body. TP 2
Terangkan ciri-ciri kulit yang membolehkannya bertindak sebagai pelindung fizikal dalam sistem pertahanan
pertama.





3. Construct a thinking map to explain the process of how phagocyte carries out phagocytosis to
destroy bacteria.
Bina satu peta pemikiran untuk menerangkan proses bagaimana sel fagosit menjalankan fagositosis untuk
memusnahkan bakteria. TP 6 HOTS Creating









4. Explain why the third line of defence is a specific defence? TP 4 HOTS Analysing
Terangkan mengapa barisan pertahanan ketiga merupakan suatu pertahanan spesifik?






Actions of Antibodies
11.2 Tindakan Antibodi

5. Complete the table below to show the actions of antibodies to destroy antigen. TP 2
Lengkapkan jadual di bawah untuk menunjukkan tindakan antibodi memusnahkan antigen.
Actions of Antibodies / Tindakan Antibodi Explanation / Penerangan
(a) Neutralisation
Peneutralan
(b) Agglutination
Pengaglutinatan
(c) Precipitation
Pemendakan
(d) Opsonisation
Pengopsoninan
(e) Complement fixation
Penguraian
© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 90






11 Top Class Biology F4.indd 90 07/12/2020 5:00 PM

Biology Form 4 Chapter 11 Immunity in Humans

SPM Practice 11




Paper 1 Objective question format/type is updated based
on the new instrument sample as follows.

11.1 Body Defence What is the structure A Action of antibiotics
Pertahanan Badan labelled X? Tindakan antibiotik
Apakah stuktur yang berlabel X? B Acidic gastric juice in
1. What is the protein A Antibiotic stomach
produced in response to Antibiotik Jus gastrik berasid dalam
the presence of antigen? B Antibody perut
Apakah protein yang dihasilkan Antibodi C Transport of red blood
dalam gerak balas terhadap C Antiserum cells
kehadiran antigen? Antiserum Pengangkutan sel darah
A Antibiotic D Antigen merah
Antibiotik Antigen D Injection of vaccine
B Antibody Suntikan vaksin
Antibodi 4. Which of the followings
C Antiserum are involved in the first 6. The following are the steps
Antiserum line of defence in human carry out by the phagocyte
body? in phagocytosis.
2. Which of the following Antara yang berikut, yang Yang berikut merupakan
terms refers to the manakah terlibat dalam barisan langkah-langkah yang
dijalankan oleh fagosit dalam
microorganism that cause pertahanan pertama dalam fagositosis.
badan manusia?
disease? I Inflammation
Antara istilah berikut, yang Keradangan
manakah merujuk kepada P: Phagosome is
mikroorganisma yang II Mucous membrane formed.
menyebabkan penyakit? Membran mukus Fagosom dibentuk.
A Lysozyme III Saliva Q: Bacteria are digested.
Lisozim Air liur Bakteria dicernakan.
B Antibody IV Leucocyte R: Phagocyte encloses
Antibodi Leukosit and engulfs bacteria.
C Antigen A I and II Fagosit mengepung dan
Antigen I dan II menelan bakteria.
D Pathogen B II and III S: Waste is released.
Patogen II dan III Sisa disingkirkan.
C III and IV
III dan IV
3. Diagram 1 shows a D I and IV
bacterium and a virus. I dan IV Which of the following
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu shows the sequence of
bakteria dan satu virus. phagocytosis in correct
5. Which of the following is order?
X the body’s natural defence Antara yang berikut, yang
against the entry of manakah menunjukkan urutan
pathogens? fagositosis yang betul?
Antara yang berikut, yang A P, R, Q, S
Bacterium Virus manakah merupakan
Bakteria Virus pertahanan badan semula jadi B R, Q, S, P
terhadap kemasukan patogen? C R, P, Q, S
Diagram 1 / Rajah 1 D Q, P, S, R





© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 92






11 Top Class Biology F4.indd 92 07/12/2020 5:00 PM

Biology Form 4 Chapter 11 Immunity in Humans

Paper 2 Structured question format/type remains unchanged based on the new instrument
sample; It only varies in the number of questions.

Section A / Bahagian A
1. Diagram 1 shows a process of body defence mechanism carried out by cell X in human body.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu proses mekanisme pertahanan yang dijalankan oleh sel X dalam badan manusia.

Bacteria Structure Q
Bakteria Struktur Q





Cell X
Sel X

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1

(a) (i) State the name of this process. / Namakan proses ini.


[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) Which line of defence is the process involved?
Apakah barisan pertahanan yang proses ini terlibat?


[1 mark / 1 markah]
(b) (i) State the specific name give to cell X.
Nyatakan nama spesifik yang diberi kepada sel X.


[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) State two features of cell X that enable you to identify the cell.
Nyatakan dua sifat sel X yang membolehkan anda mengenal pasti sel tersebut.




[2 marks / 2 markah]
(c) Explain how Q helps in destroying the bacteria.
Terangkan bagaimana Q menolong memusnahkan bakteria.


[2 marks / 2 markah]
(d) Explain what will happens to the body defence mechanism if the process in Diagram 1 fails to
occur.
Terangkan apa yang akan terjadi kepada mekanisme pertahanan badan jika proses dalam Rajah 1 gagal
berlaku.




[2 marks / 2 markah]






© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 94






11 Top Class Biology F4.indd 94 07/12/2020 5:00 PM

Sec B and C question format/type remains unchanged based
on the new instrument sample; However, in Sec C, only 1
open ended question which must be answered. Biology Form 4 Chapter 11 Immunity in Humans

Section B / Bahagian B
2. (a) Diagram 2.1 shows two methods on how human obtain immunity against diseases.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan dua kaedah bagaimana manusia memperoleh keimunan terhadap penyakit.










Method I / Kaedah I Method II / Kaedah II

Diagram 2.1 / Rajah 2.1
Compare the immunities obtained through method I and II.
Bandingkan keimunan yang diperolehi melalui kaedah I dan II.
[10 marks / 10 markah]
(b) Diagram 2.2 shows immune response in human body.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan gerak balas keimunan dalam badan manusia.


Antibodies
Antibodi





Diagram 2.2 / Rajah 2.2
(i) What is immune response?
Apakah gerak balas keimunan?
[2 marks / 2 markah]
(ii) Explain how antibodies are produced in human body.
Terangkan bagaimana antibodi dihasilkan dalam badan manusia.
[4 marks / 4 markah]
(iii) Explain why the immunity obtained after a person recovers from a particular disease is
permanent.
Terangkan mengapa keimunan yang diperoleh selepas seseorang sembuh daripada penyakit tertentu
adalah kekal selama-lamanya.
[4 marks / 4 markah]
Sec B and C question format/type remains unchanged based on the new instrument
sample; However, in Sec C, only 1 open ended question which must be answered.
Section C / Bahagian C

3. (a) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered
coronavirus since the end of the year 2019. At this time, there is no vaccine for COVID-19. A
child has been vaccinated against several diseases including measles, tetanus and rubella, and
yet the child still catches COVID-19 and has the symptoms of the disease.
Penyakit koronavirus (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit berjangkit yang disebabkan oleh virus korona yang
baru dijumpai pada akhir tahun 2019. Pada masa sekarang, tiada vaksin untuk penyakit COVID-19. Seorang
budak telah diberi vaksin untuk beberapa penyakit seperti campak, tetanus dan rubela, namun, budak
tersebut masih dijangkiti penyakit COVID-19 dan mempunyai beberapa gejala penyakit tersebut.








95 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.






11 Top Class Biology F4.indd 95 07/12/2020 5:00 PM

Biology Form 4 Chapter 11 Immunity in Humans

(i) Explain why it is possible for the child to be immune to many diseases, but still be ill with
another disease, such as COVID-19.
Terangkan mengapa adalah mungkin bagi budak tersebut diimunkan terhadap banyak penyakit, tetapi
masih boleh jatuh sakit kepada penyakit yang lain, seperti COVID-19. HOTS Analysing
[4 marks / 4 markah]
(ii) Explain how vaccination can be used to eradicate a disease from a country.
Terangkan bagaimana pemvaksinan boleh digunakan untuk menghapuskan suatu penyakit dalam satu
negara. HOTS Applying
[4 marks / 4 markah]

(iii) Suggest why vaccination against diseases must continue to be carried out even if there is
no cases of the diseases for many years.
Cadangkan mengapa pemvaksinan terhadap penyakit masih diteruskan walaupun tiada kes untuk
penyakit tersebut bagi beberapa tahun. HOTS Creating
[2 marks / 2 markah]
(b) Explain how the following steps can be used to control the spread of disease.
Terangkan bagaimana langkah-langkah berikut boleh digunakan untuk mengawal jangkitan penyakit.
(i) Personal hygiene
Kebersihan peribadi
(ii) Hygienic food preparation
Persediaan makanan bersih
(iii) Proper waste disposal
Pengurusan bahan buangan yang betul
(iv) Sewage treatment
Rawatan kumbahan
[10 marks / 10 markah]
HOTS Challenge


Blood tests were carried out on two individuals, Mr. P and Mr. Q to find out if they were immune
to Hepatitis B. Results of their blood tests are shown in the table below.
Ujian darah dijalankan ke atas dua individu, Encik P dan Encik Q untuk menentukan keimunan mereka terhadap
Hepatitis B. Keputusan ujian darah mereka ditunjukkan dalam jadual di bawah.

Mr. P Mr. Q
Encik P Encik Q
The presence of Hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) in the Absent Absent
blood Tiada Tiada
Kehadiran antigen Hepatitis B (HBsAg) dalam darah
Level of antibody against Hepatitis B (anti-HBsAb) in 0 > 100 IU/L
the blood (considered
Aras antibodi terhadap Hepatitis B (anti-HBsAb) dalam darah immune)

As a doctor, explains the result of the blood test and your advice to these two individuals based on
the table.
Sebagai seorang doktor, terangkan keputusan ujian darah dan nasihat anda kepada dua orang individu ini
berdasarkan jadual tersebut.

Quiz 11
21
PAK-




© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 96






11 Top Class Biology F4.indd 96 07/12/2020 5:00 PM

Form IC094141


4 4
KSSM
CLASS 4 KSSM




Biology
Biology Biologi

Top Class KSSM - Top Quality materials for Top Performance in school-based CLASS
and the SPM exam. Packed with essential features and digital initiatives


towards 21 Century Learning.
st


Special Features: TOP KSSM TITLES 1 2 3 4 5 CLASS
Subjects / Forms

SMART Notes Bahasa Melayu
SMART Notes
SMART Notes
KSSM 4
5 5
4
5
English Form
Bahasa Cina
Topical Practices Mathematics / Matematik KSSM 4
Topical Practices
Topical Practices
Additional Mathematics / Matematik Tambahan
KSSM
SPM Practices Biology / Biologi Biology KSSM
SPM Practices
SPM Practices
Physics / Fizik
HOTS Challenges
HOTS Challenges Chemistry / Kimia
HOTS Challenges
Science / Sains
Year-End Assessment Geografi
Year-End Assessment
Year-End Assessment
Biology
Sejarah
QR Biology
Code Pendidikan Islam
PAK-21 Corner
PAK-21 Corner Ekonomi Bibiana Toh Siew Siew
PAK-21 Corner
QR Prinsip Perakaunan (Guru Cemerlang Biologi)
Code
Complete Answers Perniagaan Biologi
Complete Answers
Complete Answers
Topical Practices
Form 4
SPM Practices
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IC094141 Video
ISBN: 978-967-2907-87-9 Rekod Pencapaian
NEW SPM ASSESSMENT Online Quick Quiz PAK-21
Year-End Assessment
FORMAT 2021 Lembaran PBD