Kavitah Ganasan WORKBOOK CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY 9
Plants Chapter 1.1 Plants around us Part A: Multiple-choice Questions Answer all questions. For each question, there are four possible answers. Choose the best and correct answer. 1 1 Which of the following is not a function of flowers? A For reproduction B Attract pollinators C Develop into fruits D Store food 2 Which ofthe following is a function of a plant stem? A Transports sugar B Absorbs water C Supports the leaves D Transports water 3 The diagram shows a food chain. What is the role of a plant in a food chain? A Primary consumer B Producer C Secondary consumer D Predator 4 Plants use energy from the sun and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make . A carbohydrates B proteins C lipids D amino acids 5 Which part of a leaf helps plants control water loss and facilitate gas exchange? A Leaf veins B Guard cells C Cuticle D Petiole Part B: Structured Questions Answer all questions. 1 Diagram 1 shows a plant cell and its primary organelles. Diagram 1 D A B C CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9 1
Match the organelles with their correct functions. Organelle Function A Protects and provides structural support to the cell B Sustains turgor pressure of the cell C Stores hereditary information D Transforms carbon dioxide and water into glucose [4] 2 The majority of terrestrial plants are green. Why do they appear green? Tick (√) the two correct answers. Plants contain a pigment called lycopene. Plants absorb blue and red light and reflect green light. Plants release oxygen. Plants absorb light in the green wavelength. Plants have chlorophyll pigment. [2] 3 Diagram 2 shows a plant with shallow roots. (a) State two main functions of root system. (i) (ii) [2] (b) Explain why some animals like cattle and deer could damage the plant with shallow roots. [1] (c) Which plant does not have a root system but conduct photosynthesis? Circle the correct answer. Radish Ferns Liverworts [1] Diagram 2 2 CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9
1.2 Photosynthesis Part A: Multiple-choice Questions Answer all questions. For each question, there are four possible answers. Choose the best and correct answer. 1 Glucose is a product of photosynthesis. It is also known as . A amino acids B simple carbohydrates C polysaccharides D triglycerides 2 Which of the following is correct about photosynthesis? A Plants capture light energy using a pigment called anthocyanin. B Photosynthesis takes place in nucleus. C Glucose is stored in the form of starch in the leaves. D Plants photosynthesise in the dark 3 The diagram shows the gaseous exchange in a leaf. CO2 O2 Which of the following statements is not true about the properties of a leaf? A It has a high concentration of chlorophyll. B It contains stomata that allow gas exchange. C It has a large surface area to absorb light. D It has a cuticle layer that increases the transpiration rate. 4 The features of one of the layers in the leaf are listed as follows. • Contains themost chlorophyll • Comes in contact with the most light Which layer of the leaf has the features stated above? A Palisade layer B Spongy layer C Upper epidermis layer D Lower epidermis layer Part B: Structured Questions Answer all questions. 1 Complete the sentences using the words given below. Choose the correct words and you may use the same words twice. nitrogen carbon hydrogen chlorine oxygen (a) Water is essential for photosynthesis. Water molecules consist of and . (b) Plants use energy from the sun to make glucose. , and are the elements of glucose. [2] CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9 3
2 (a) Fill in the blanks to complete the word equation for photosynthesis. + Glucose + [2] (b) Cellular respiration uses half of the glucose that the plant produces during photosynthesis. Which organelle in the plant cell carries out cellular respiration? Tick (√) the correct answer. Mitochondria Ribosome Chloroplasts Golgi apparatus [1] 3 Diagram 1 shows the structure of glucose and a complex carbohydrate involved in photosynthesis. (a) Describe the connection between glucose and the complex carbohydrate linked to photosynthesis. [2] (b) Explain why plants are unable to store energy in the form of glucose. [2] (c) Which pigment is responsible for the photosynthesis in plants? [1] Diagram 1 O OH OH OH Glucose COH CH2 OH O OH OH OH Glucose Complex carbohydrate OH CH2 OH 4 CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9
1.3 Investigating photosynthesis: Starch analysis Part A: Multiple-choice Questions Answer all questions. For each question, there are four possible answers. Choose the best and correct answer. 1 Why does the presence of starch need to be tested to prove that the plant is performing photosynthesis? A Plants produce starch in photosynthesis. B Starch is a reactant of photosynthesis. C Plantsproduceglucoseinphotosynthesis which is converted into starch. D Starch is one of the products of photosynthesis. 2 The diagram shows the experiment set-up for testing starch. Leaf Hot water Why is the leaf immersed in hot water? A To remove the plant pigments B To dissolve the cell membrane C To break the cell wall D To loosen the leaf veins 3 The table shows the procedures of the experiment to test the presence of starch in a leaf. Step Procedure 1 Immerse the leaf in hot water for 5 minutes. 2 Place the leaf in boiling ethanol for 5 minutes. 3 Dip the leaf in cold water for 30 seconds. 4 Place the leaf on a white tile to test for starch. What is the function of the ethanol in the procedure? A Soften the leaf B Break the cell wall C Remove the waterproof layer of the leaf D Remove chlorophyll from the leaf 4 What is the safety measure you need to take when using ethanol to investigate the presence of starch? A Boil the ethanol under direct flame. B Boil the ethanol using a microwave. C Dilute the ethanol. D Boil the ethanol using hot water. 5 The diagram shows the experiment set-up to test the presence of starch in a leaf. The ethanol boils once placed in hot water and it dissolves the plant pigments. Hot water Ethanol Bunsen burner (turned off) Which of the following is correct about the properties of ethanol? A Ethanol has a boiling point lower than water. B Ethanol has a boiling point higher than water. C Ethanol and water have the same boiling point. D Ethanol has a boiling point of 100°C. CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9 5
Part B: Structured Questions Answer all questions. 1 Iodine solution is used to test the presence of starch. (a) Ahmad is examining whether spinach leaves contain any starch. If the starch content of the spinach leaves is positive, predict the result. Tick (√) the correct answer. The spinach leaves turned blue-green. The spinach leaves turned blue-black. The spinach leaves turned orange-yellow. The spinach leaves turned brick red. [1] (b) Ahmad further examined the presence of starch in tuber plants using iodine. Which of the following tubers will exhibit a negative result for starch? Circle the correct answer. Potato Yam Beetroot Sweet potato [1] 2 Rebecca is investigating the presence of starch in leaves. She chose two identical potted plants for the experiment, each labelled plant A and plant B as shown in Diagram 1. She has put a dish of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution in each pot and sealed the plants airtight with a transparent plastic bag. She then placed plant A in the dark and plant B under the artificial light continuously for 4 days. Transparent plastic bag Sodium hydrogen carbonate solution Plant A (In the dark) Plant B (Under the light) Diagram 1 Throughout the investigation period, she took the sample leaves from both pots to test the presence of starch. Table 1 shows her results. 6 CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9
Table 1 Presence of starch Day 0 Day 2 Day 4 A Positive Negative Negative B Positive Positive Positive Plant Day (a) Match the variables in the experiment with the correct description. Variable Description Manipulative variable Responding variable Quantity of hydrogen carbonate Starch content in the leaves Colour of the plastic bag Light availability for the plants [2] (b) Rebecca’s data showed that plant A was positive for starch on the day of investigation but does not indicate the presence of starch on days 2 and 4. Explain her results. [3] (c) Leaves from plant B showed that starch was present for the duration of the experiment even though the plant has been sealed airtight from getting air from the atmosphere. Using your knowledge of sodium hydrogen carbonate, suggest an explanation for this. [2] CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9 7
3 Diagram 2 shows a variegated leaf. Part A (in white) Part B (in green) Diagram 2 (a) Explain why Part A and Part B of the leaf are in different colours? Part A: Part B: [2] (b) The variegated leaf is tested for starch using an iodine solution. Shade the image below using a pencil to illustrate the possible result. [1] 1.4 Investigating photosynthesis: Oxygen bubbles Part A: Multiple-choice Questions Answer all questions. For each question, there are four possible answers. Choose the best and correct answer. 1 Which of the following experiments proves that oxygen is produced by a plant during photosynthesis? A Use a potometer to measure the transpiration rate B Use an oximeter to measure the oxygen in the atmosphere C Calculate the gas bubbles released from the cut stems of a pond weed D Use a hygrometer to measure the humidity around the plant 2 Oxygen is a product of photosynthesis. Why are land plants not suitable to use for the experiment to prove this statement? A Land plants do not photosynthesise. B Oxygen produced by land plants diffuses in the air as water vapour. C Land plants use oxygen and release carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. D Land plants do not release oxygen into the atmosphere afterthe photosynthesis. 8 CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9
3 Pond weed is placed in the sodium bicarbonate solution during the experiment to initiate the oxygen-containing bubbles. What is the function of sodium bicarbonate? A Maintains the pH of the solution B Supplies carbon dioxide in the solution C Makes the solution neutral D Makes the solution alkaline 4 The idea that plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis was first discovered by A Joseph Priestly B James Watson C Louis Pasteur D Benjamin Franklin Part B: Structured Questions Answer all questions. 1 Azalia is investigating how the distance of light affects the rate of photosynthesis using an Elodea plant. Diagram 1 shows her experimental set-up. Bubbles of oxygen Lamp Metre rule 0 cm 10 cm 20 cm 30 cm 40 cm 50 cm Pondweed Diagram 1 (a) What would Azalia observe if she positioned the light at a different point on the metre rule? Match the appropriate answers. Point on the metre rule 30 cm 0 cm Observation No bubbles produced Less bubbles produced More bubbles produced The pondweed changes colour [1] CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9 9
(b) Azalia uses a glowing splint to check the bubbles for oxygen. Which of the following observations indicates that oxygen gas is present? Tick (√) the correct answer. Oxygen gives a ‘pop’ sound in the glowing splint test. Oxygen extinguishes the glowing splint. Oxygen relights the glowing splint. Oxygen turns the glowing splint colour into green. [1] 2 Diagram 2 shows Albert’s investigation of photosynthesis using a pondweed. He sets up the apparatus in a sunny location at 1 p.m., and the oxygen-containing bubbles produced were counted twice every hour for 7 hours. Oxygen Bubbles Water Pondweed Diagram 2 Table 1 shows Albert’s data. Table 1 Time Number of oxygen-containing bubbles produced Average number of oxygencontaining bubbles produced First reading Second reading 1 p.m. 68 72 2 p.m. 58 54 3 p.m. 46 48 4 p.m. 34 32 5 p.m. 25 23 6 p.m. 12 6 7 p.m. 3 1 8 p.m. X X ? 10 CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9
(a) Calculate the average number of oxygen-containing bubbles produced. Provide your answers in Table 1. [1] (b) What is the average number of oxygen-containing bubbles produced by the pondweed at 8 p.m.? Underline the correct answer. 0 bubbles 3 bubbles 5 bubbles [1] (c) Draw a line graph of the average number of oxygen-containing bubbles produced versus time on the grid below. [4] (d) Explain why the number of oxygen-containing bubbles decreases. [1] CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9 11
1.5 Plant minerals Part A: Multiple-choice Questions Answer all questions. For each question, there are four possible answers. Choose the best and correct answer. 1 Minerals are absorbedbyplant cells.Minerals are known as . A triglycerides B polysaccharides C water-soluble substances D water-insoluble substances 2 Which of the following is not a macronutrient for a plant? A Potassium C Nitrogen B Zinc D Phosphorus 3 Where do plants get the nitrate from? A Sunlight B Rainwater C Organic matter from the soil D Living organisms in the soil 4 Despite regular watering and placement under a light, Chloe discovered her rose plant is not growing well and the leaves are turning yellow. What might be the root cause? A Poor light intensity B Mineral deficiency C Too much water uptake D Lack of plant hormones 5 Which of the following is incorrect about legumes? A They have root nodules to make nitrates. B They grow well in nitrate-poor soil. C Their root nodules contain chloroplasts. D They increase the nitrogen content in the soil. Part B: Structured Questions Answer all questions. 1 Macronutrients are essential for plant growth and its functions. Choose the words from the list to complete the sentences. calcium potassium sulphur nitrogen magnesium phosphorus (a) Deficiency of will cause delay in flowering. (b) is crucial for a plant’s roots to become stronger. (c) promotes rapid vegetative growth and healthy green colour in plants. [3] 12 CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9
2 Draw lines to match the terms to their correct descriptions. Central atom in the chlorophyll molecule Known as trace elements Produced by decomposers of organic matter Contain symbiotic bacteria and trade nutrient with plants Nitrate Root nodules Magnesium Micronutrient [4] 3 Diagram 1 shows the productivity of two different types of crops planted on the same land. The farmer noticed that the beans are growing well, but the older leaves of his eggplants are turning yellow as the new leaves are growing. He suspects it might be a symptom of mineral deficiencies. (a) Which mineral deficiency in the soil is affecting the yield of the eggplants? [1] (b) Explain why the productivity of beans is much higher than that of eggplants, even though the farmer planted them in the same land. [3] (c) The farmer wanted to replenish a particular nutrient deprived in the soil without using any fertilisers. What is the conventional practice the farmer could use to achieve this? Circle the correct answer. Vertical farming Crop rotation Inorganic farming [1] Time Eggplants Percentage of yield Beans Diagram 1 CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9 13
1.6 Natural and artificial fertilisers Part A: Multiple-choice Questions Answer all questions. For each question, there are four possible answers. Choose the best and correct answer. 1 Which of the following is incorrect about natural fertilisers? A Made up of organic matter B Slow-released fertilisers C Made up of decomposed plant materials D Cause harm to the environment 2 The diagram shows the advantages of artificial fertiliser X. Increases the yield of crops Prevents global food crisis Artificial fertiliser X What is the artificial fertiliser X? A Phosphate fertiliser B Manganate fertiliser C Citrate fertiliser D Nitrate fertiliser 3 Which of the following substances is synthesised from nitrogen in the air to make into nitrogen-rich fertilisers? A Antacid B Arsenic C Ammonia D Antimony 4 Which of the following is incorrect about pesticides? A Use to kill the organisms that damage the crops B Use to control the growth of unwanted plants C Made from toxic chemicals D Yield crops with high nutrition value Part B: Structured Questions Answer all questions. 1 The following presents queries about natural and artificial fertilisers. Circle the correct answers. (a) Who among the following scientists developed a method of producing artificial fertiliser using the nitrogen in the air? Gregor Mendel Fritz Haber George Bentham Carl Linnaeus (b) Which of the following is not a source of natural fertiliser? Bone meal Decaying plants Animal waste Urea (c) What is another term for natural fertiliser? Chemical fertiliser Photo fertiliser Organic fertiliser Inorganic fertiliser [3] 14 CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9
2 What does the term NPK in the artificial fertiliser represent? Match the correct answers. Term N P K Chemical element Nickel Potassium Krypton Nitrogen Polonium Phosphorus [3] 3 There are two types of fertilisers, namely natural fertilisers and artificial fertilisers. (a) If a farmer were given the option, he might choose artificial fertiliser for his crops instead of natural fertiliser. Explain to support his decision. [2] (b) What are the advantages of increasing crop yield? [2] (c) Which artificial fertiliser leads to higher crop production and allows farmers to grow better and stronger crops? [1] CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9 15
1.7 Plant transpiration Part A: Multiple-choice Questions Answer all questions. For each question, there are four possible answers. Choose the best and correct answer. 1 How does water move from the soil into the root cells? A Translocation B Mineralisation C Diffusion D Transpiration 2 Which of the following is a part of a vascular bundle tissue? I Epidermal III Phloem II Xylem IV Cortex A I and III B I and IV C II and III D III and IV 3 On which side of the leaf does transpiration happen? A Upper surface B Lower surface C At the midrib D At the apex 4 Which of the following indicates the rate of transpiration if the atmosphere is very humid? A Transpiration increases B Transpiration decreases C Transpiration remains the same D Transpiration does not occur Part B: Structured Questions Answer all questions. 1 Photo 1 shows a root structure. A Photo 1 (a) What is the name of the root structure labelled A? Tick (√) the correct answer. Epidermis Root hair Root epithelial tissue Root cap [1] 16 CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9
(b) What special feature does structure A have to allow high water absorption? Tick (√) the correct answer. Big surface area Packed with mitochondria Small vacuole Lots of chloroplasts [1] 2 Archie investigates the transport system in plants using two fresh celery stalks. Table 1 shows the procedures of the experiment. Table 1 Celery Procedure A The end of celery is freshly trimmed The end of both celeries is placed in red-coloured water for 4 hours B The end of celery is freshly trimmed and covered with a layer of Vaseline After 4 hours, Archie cutthe top part of both celeries into a thin slice to view underthe microscope. Diagram 1 shows the cross-sectional view of the top part of the celeries. Colourless Celery A Celery B X Y In red Diagram 1 (a) Name the structures labelled X and Y. X: Y: [2] (b) Suggest why Archie covered the end of celery B with a layer of Vaseline. [1] CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9 17
(c) Explain why some segments of celery A appear red after 4 hours. [2] 3 Diagram 2 shows two different views of a specialised cell in a plant leaf. A C B D Diagram 2 (a) What is the name of the cell? [1] (b) Both structures above are the same cell found in the plant leaf. Explain why they look different in terms of appearance. [2] (c) The specialised cell is known to have a lot of chloroplasts to aid in photosynthesis. Which of these labels represents the chloroplasts in the cell? Tick (√) the correct answer. A B C D [1] 18 CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9
1.8 Xylem, phloem and phloem feeders Part A: Multiple-choice Questions Answer all questions. For each question, there are four possible answers. Choose the best and correct answer. 1 Why are phloem tubes a target for insect pests? A They are filled with salt water. B They are filled with sugar-rich liquids. C Hormones are stored along the tubes. D The vibrant colour of the phloem tubes attracts the insect pests. 2 Two insect pests are listed as follows. • Aphids • Plant hoppers They are also known as . A pathogens B mollusks C phloem feeders D arachnids 3 Which of the following is the effect of the plant pests on plants? A They strengthen the plant stem. B They transmit good bacteria into the plants. C They enhance the fruiting and flowering in plants. D They destruct the phloem sap flow. 4 Insect pests have a rigid, thin and hollow feeding organ known as . A stylet C ocellus B tympanum D spiracle 5 Which of the following is not a plant pest? A Cicadas B Ant C Taro caterpillar D Mealybug Part B: Structured Questions Answer all questions. 1 Photo 1 shows a tube under an electron microscope. P Photo 1 What is the structure P referring to? Tick (√) the correct answer. Xylem Phloem [1] CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9 19
2 Xylem is the transport tissue in plants. Complete the statements on xylem using the words given below. support unidirectional transpiration dissolved minerals water sugar dead tissue amino acids bidirectional translocation Xylem is a that transports and from roots to all over plant body through in a way. It also provides to the plant. [3] 3 Diagram 1 shows a plant pest feeding on a phloem of a plant. (a) What type of food source do plant pests obtain from the phloem? [1] (b) What is the role of the phloem? [1] (c) Describe the physical features of plant pests and how these features help them feed on the phloem. [2] (d) Suggest two ways in which plant pests could cause damage to plants. [2] Plant pest Diagram 1 20 CHECKPOINT SCIENCE WORKBOOK 9