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CC037023
FORM
1∙2∙3 KSSM FOCUS
English
English FORM
FOCUS KSSM Form 1 • 2 • 3 – a complete and precise series of reference books
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Sesi Akademik (UASA) requirements. A great resource for every student indeed! English
CEFR-aligned
REVISION REINFORCEMENT EXTRA
› Oh My Grammar & ASSESSMENT FEATURES • Teo Hwee Bien
› Concept Map • Nor Afifah Basri
› Chapter Focus › Formative Practices › HOTS & i-THINK • Aziani A.T.
› Did You Know? › Summative Practices › QR Codes
› Web Link › UASA Model Papers (Speaking &
› Make It Right (3 sets - 1 set each Listening)
› Tips for F1,F2,F3) › PAK-21
› Complete Answers
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CC037023
ISBN: 978-629-7537-27-6
Fulfil UASA
Assessment Format
PELANGI
O h, My Grammar!
ARTICLES
ARTICLES
Indefinite ‘A’ Definite ‘The’
Article Article
• is used before singular • is used before superlatives
countable nouns that begin Examples
with a consonant sound • the fastest runner
Examples • the funniest boy
in class
• a magazine • a school
• a snail • a ball • is used to refer to a particular
• a university (the U at person, object or place
the beginning of Examples
university • The teacher is
sounds like you) addressing
the students.
Indefinite ‘An’ • is used to indicate something that
is only one of its kind
Article Examples
• is used before singular countable • The sun is shining
nouns which begin with a vowel brightly.
sound or a silent ‘h’
• is used when refering to things
Examples mentioned earlier
• an apple • an igloo Examples
• an octopus • an hour • Nina has found a bracelet
• an honest man • The bracelet belongs
to Ms Maria.
G1
Layout prelims.indd 1 24/02/2023 5:27 PM
NOUNS
NOUNS
Types of nouns
COMMON NOUNS PROPER NOUNS
General name of a person, VS Special name of a
thing, place or an person, thing or place
animal – begins with a – begins with a capital
small letter letter
• ball • Park Jimin
• doctor • Langkawi
• fish • Neptune
COUNTABLE NOUNS UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Nouns that can be counted Things which cannot be counted
• A glass VS Examples:
• Some children • Some butter
• Two books • A little salt
[Quantifiers: some, many, a few, • Some water
plenty of, several] [Quantifiers: some,
much, a little, a lot of,
plenty of]
CONCRETE NOUNS ABSTRACT NOUNS
Refer to things or people that Refer to quality,
can be detected by at VS thought or emotion
least one of • Happiness
the senses • Fear
• Computer • Wisdom
• Sun
• Table
COMPOUND NOUNS COLLECTIVE NOUNS
Two or more words joined to Name of a group or collection of
create a noun, either written VS people, animals or things
as one word, with a hyphen or • A shoal of fish
separated • A bunch of keys
• Seashell • A brood of chicken
• Handbag
• Flip-flop
G2
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COLLECTIVE
COLLECTIVE
NOUNS
NOUNS
A deck of cards
People
A band of musicians
A crew of sailors A litter of kittens
A staff of servants
A troupe of dancers
A party of friends Animals
An audience of people A litter of kittens
A gang of thieves A broad of chickens
A posses of policemen A swarm of bees A stack of wood
A chair of singers A flock of birds
An army of soldiers A school of dolphins Things
A board of directors A herd of elephants A bunch of grapes
A class of students A nest of ants A set of tools
A company of actors A pack of wolves A fleet of cars
A team of players A goggle of geese A bale of cotton
A panel of judges A team of horses A pile of newspapers
A tribe of natives A pride of lions A cluster of stars
A flock of tourist A troop of monkeys A basket of fruits
A gang of labourers A shoal of fish A row of houses
A blast of hunters A cast of hawks A clump of bushes
A faith of merchants A muster of peacocks A pack of cards
A sloth of bears A suite of furniture
A pack of hounds A chest of drawers
A zeal of zebras A string of pearls
A caravan of camels A forest of trees
A drove of bullocks A suit of clothes
A galaxy of stars
A wad of notes
A board of directors A stack of wood
A library of books
A cloud of dust
A class of student
A nest of ants
G3
Layout prelims.indd 3 24/02/2023 5:27 PM
Format: 190mm X 260mm TP Focus Tg123 2023 Eng_pgi CRC
English 1∙2∙3 KSSM
FORM
CEFR-aligned
• Teo Hwee Bien
• Nor Afifah Basri
• Aziani A.T.
© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2023
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying,
mechanical, recording or otherwise, without the prior
permission of Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
ISBN: 978-629-7537-27-6
eISBN: 978-629-7537-28-3 (eBook)
First Published 2023
Lot 8, Jalan P10/10, Kawasan Perusahaan Bangi,
Bandar Baru Bangi, 43650 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Tel: 03-8922 3993 E-mail: [email protected]
Enquiry: [email protected]
Printed in Malaysia by Herald Printers Sdn. Bhd.
Lot 508, Jalan Perusahaan 3, Bandar Baru Sungai Buloh, 47000 Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Please log on to https://plus.pelangibooks.com/errata/ for up-to-date adjustments to the contents of the book (where applicable).
FORMAT UASA MENENGAH RENDAH 2023
12/1: READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 30 minutes)
A2 – B1 levels
Sections No. of Questions Division of Questions
Part 1: Short Text MCQs 8 Q1 – Q8
Part 2: Error Correction 8 Q9 – Q16
Form 1 Q17 – Q24
8 – Table
Part 3: Information Transfer Form 2 & 3
8
Form 2: Mind Map Q17 – Q24
Form 3: Table/Mind Map
Form 1
8 Qs (Non-linear Text) Q25 – Q32
True False & Short Answer
Part 4: Short Answer Questions
Form 2 & 3
10 Qs (Linear Text) Q25 – Q34
Short Answer & Vocab
Form 1 Q33 – Q40
8 gapped
Part 5: Gapped Text
Form 2 & 3 Q35 – Q40
6 gapped
12/2: WRITING (1 hour)
A2 – B1 levels
Sections No. of Questions Scores/Marks
F1: 60 words
Part 1: Short Communicative F2: 70 words 1 question 20 marks
Message
F3: 80 words
F1: 90 words
Part 2: Notes Expansion F2: 100 words 1 question 20 marks
F3: 120 words
Format UASA.indd 3 24/02/2023 5:24 PM
CONTENTS
OH MY GRAMMAR! G1 – G16 A Nouns 105
Formative Practice
Chapter B Pronouns 111
1 Reading 1 Formative Practice
Chapter Focus 1 C Adjectives 115
• Part 1 – Short Texts MCQs 2 Formative Practice
Model Question and Answer 2 D Articles 119
Formative Practice 3 Formative Practice
Summative Practice 8 E Verbs 122
• Part 2 – Error Correction 17 Formative Practice
Formative Practice 18
Model Question and Answer 21 F Adverbs 126
Summative Practice 22 Formative Practice
• Part 3 – Information Transfer 27 G Tenses 130
Model Question and Answer 27 Formative Practice
Formative Practice 29 H Prepositions 138
Summative Practice 33 Formative Practice
• Part 4 – Short Answer Questions 43 I Modals 141
Model Question and Answer 43 Formative Practice
Formative Practice 45
Summative Practice 48 J Conjunctions 143
• Part 5 – Matching (Gapped Text) 57 Formative Practice
Model Question and Answer 57 K Punctuation 144
Formative Practice 58 Formative Practice
Summative Practice 64 L Question Forms 148
Formative Practice
Chapter
2 Writing 72 M Simple & Compound Sentences 152
Formative Practice
Chapter Focus 72 N Similes, Metaphors & Idioms 151
Writing Components 73 Formative Practice
• Part 1 – Short Communicative Message 74 • Vocabulary 154
Introduction 74 Introduction 154
Emails 74 A Descriptive Words 154
Messages / Notes 75 Formative Practice
Informal Letters 76 B Sensory Words 158
Postcards 77 Formative Practice
Formative Practice 78 C Action/Non-Action Words (Verbs) 160
Summative Practice 84 Formative Practice
• Part 2 – Note Expansion 91 D Collocations 161
Introduction 91 Formative Practice
Formative Practice 92 E Contractions / Abbreviations / Acronyms 162
Summative Practice 98 Formative Practice
F Homophones / Homonyms / Homographs 165
Chapter Formative Practice
3 Language/Grammar Focus 104 G Interjections / Exclamations 166
Formative Practice
Chapter Focus 104 H Synonyms and Antonyms 167
• Grammar 105 Formative Practice
Introduction 105 I Technical Terms 168
iii
Contents.indd 3 24/02/2023 5:18 PM
Graphic Novels
Chapter
4 Literature in Action 172 A 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne
(Form 1) 203
Chapter Focus 172 Formative Practice 206
Literature Component 173 B King Arthur (retold by Janet Hardy-Gould)
Poems (Form 1) 207
A News Break by Max Fatchen (Form 1) 174 Formative Practice 210
Formative Practice 176 C The Swiss Family Robinson by Johann D. Wyss
B Sad I Ams by Trevor Millum (Form 1) 177 (Form 1) 211
Formative Practice 179 Formative Practice 214
C My Hero by Willis Hall (Form 2) 180 Novels
Formative Practice 182 A Moby Dick by Herman Melville (Form 3) 216
D What is Red by Mary o’Neil (Form 2) 184 Formative Practice 218
Formative Practice 186 B The Elephant Man by Tim Vacary (Form 3) 220
E Poisoned Talk by Raymond Wilson (Form 3) 187 Formative Practice 222
Formative Practice 189
C We Didn’t Mean to Go to Sea by Arthur
F The Day the Bulldozers Came by David Ransome (Form 3) 224
Orme (Form 2) 191 Formative Practice 226
Formative Practice 193
UASA Model Test 1 (F1) 229
Short Story
A Fair’s Fair by Narinder Dhami (Form 1) 194 UASA Model Test 2 (F2) 236
Formative Practice 196 UASA Model Test 3 (F3) 245
B Cheat! by Allan Baillie (Form 2) 198 Answers 253
Formative Practice 199
Drama
A Night Out by O. Henry (Form 2) 200 Extra Speaking & Listening
https://qr.pelangibooks.com/?u=FOCUSEngF123Oral
Formative Practice 202
iv iv
Contents.indd 4 24/02/2023 5:18 PM
Chapter
2 WRITING
Lead In
Lead in
Write essays using the
correct format
Ensure the messages
are clearly conveyed
Write using the correct
tenses
End the essays with
proper conclusion
W ords of Wisdom
Words of Wisdom
“If you don't have time to read, you don't have the time (or the tools) to write. Simple as that.”
– Stephen King
Chapter 2.indd 72 24/02/2023 5:20 PM
English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing CHAPTER
2
73
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
PART 1 – SHORT COMMUNICATIVE MESSAGE
INTODUCTION
1. Short Communicative Message is tested in Part 1 of the Penulisan (Writing) paper.
2. A short text will be provided in the question and you need to respond to the text in approximately
60 words (Form 1), 70 words (Form 2) and 80 words (Form 3).
3. A total of 20 marks are allocated for this question and you should spend no longer than 25 minutes
in this section.
4. There are 4 types of short communicative messages:
CHAPTER
2
Messages/Notes
Emails Postcards
Informal Letters
Emails
• Nowadays, many people working in companies choose emails as a way to communicate.
• Language can be formal such as for job applications.
• Emails can be formal or informal.
• Informal emails are usually written for family members or friends.
• For informal situations, the language used in the emails is more casual and friendly.
• This is the format of an email:
To Write the recipient’s email here
From Write your email address here
Subject Include a brief subject
Begin your
email with
a greeting
Write your
message
here
Sign off
and write
your name
74
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
• Here are some common reasons for sending emails and the phrases that can be used to convey
them:
To invite someone for an event Would you like to join us for...?
To accept an invitation I would love to...
To decline an invitation Thank you for the invitation but...
To express sympathy I am so sorry to hear about...
To offer advice or suggestions Perhaps you should...
Messages/Notes CHAPTER
• We leave notes or messages for people when they are not around.
• Notes and messages should convey only important information so that people can easily
understand them.. 2
• We usually write notes and messages to make a request or to inform/remind someone about
something.
• This is the format of a note or message:
Briefly state
who the note
or message
is for.
Make sure
your note
or message
covers all of
the information
that is needed.
You also need
to state who
the note or
message is
from.
• Here are some useful phrases that you can use in your notes or messages:
To make a request To inform or remind
• Please help me to... • While you are at school today...
• I would be grateful if you can... • Don’t forget to...
75
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Informal Letters
• Just like informal emails, informal letters are letters written for our family and friends. Therefore,
the language used should be more casual and friendly.
• This is the format of an informal letter:
You need to
include an
address and
a date in your
letter.
CHAPTER
2
Dear Salutation
The paragraph
should consists of
a short introduction,
body and simple
conclusion.
Sign off
Signature
• You can use one of these sentences to begin your letter:
➢ How are you?
➢ I hope you are doing well.
➢ What have you been up to lately?
• To end your letter, choose one of the following sentences:
➢ I have to pen off now.
➢ I look forward to hearing from you soon.
➢ Take care.
76
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Postcards
• Postcards are cards with a picture or an image on one side and blank space for writing on the
other.
• We normally send postcards home to our family and friends when we are travelling.
• Postcards are generally quite short as there is a limited space to write on.
• This is the format of a postcard:
Greeting Dear CHAPTER
2
A postcard is
like a short
version of a
letter.
To:
You must
include the
recipient’s
name and
Sign your address in
name your postcard.
• When we describe the places that we have visited, we often have to use a lot of adjectives. Here
are some common adjectives that you can use to describe things:
People Places
polite spacious
cheerful crowded
lively ancient
considerate tranquil
generous majestic
Food Feelings
flavourful eager
fresh relieved
juicy comfortable
crunchy overjoyed
exotic anxious
77
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Formative Practice
Practice 1
A. Complete the table below with the phrases given in the box:
Would you be free to…?
Thank you so much for…
I am so sorry to hear that…
Do you think you can...?
CHAPTER
I am totally annoyed that...
2
Congratulations for…
Type of email Phrases
1. A thank you email
2. An email of apology
3. An email congratulating someone
4. An invitation to a party
5. An email of complaint
6. An email of request
B. Match the sentence halves.
1. I am so annoyed a. arranging a get together party.
2. Do you think you can help to b. join us for lunch tomorrow?
3. Thank you so much for c. that the neighbour has left the rubbish
outside our house.
4. I am so sorry to hear that d. passing your examination.
5. Would you be able to e. pick up my parcel from the post office
on the way home?
6. Congratulations for f. your uncle has passed away.
78
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Practice 2
Underline the appropriate expression and complete the postcard below.
(a) Hi Alan / Dear Mr Chua
(b) I am pleased to inform you that we have arrived at / We have finally arrived.
(c) The weather is cool and lovely / The weather is cool with a maximum of about 20 degrees
(d) The price of the local produce is reasonably good / The price of food here is just too good to be true
(e) You must be kicking yourself for refusing to join us / You must be blaming yourself for turning down our offer
to come over CHAPTER
(f) Yours sincerely / Bye for now 2
(1) ,
(2) Cameron Highlands!
We arrived yesterday and we plan to stay here for a week.
(3) . I feel so relaxed here. Since
we arrived yesterday, we have been eating a variety of delicious food.
(4) . We are enjoying our favourite
Mr Alan Chua
food and lots of fresh fruits. (5) . No. 23 Jalan Saujana,
Valentia Heights,
Regards to all our friends. 81200 Johor Bahru
(6) ,
Min and Julie
79
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Practice 3
Ain has set up a restyling booth for old canvas shoes in her school Cooperative Day. Complete her email to her
friend Joo Lie to invite her to the event. Use the words in the box below.
gain restyling fun designing
online artistic grateful innovative
New Message
CHAPTER
2
To [email protected]
From [email protected]
Subject Custom-made shoes
Hi Joo Lie,
I shall be setting up a booth for 1. old canvas shoes at my school on
March 23rd and 24th. I hope you can make it. I know that you are a very 2. person and
very artistic as well. I am sure you will find this activity interesting. Your 3. talent would
be a great help to us. We have to prepare over thirty designs
and we would be very 4. if you can offer your expertise. I heard your sister
say that you have tried 5. one yourself. We will have great 6. .
Please let me know if you can make it.
I have no doubt that you will 7. more ideas for your 8. business.
Regards,
Ain
Send A
80
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Practice 4
Your brother is stressed out because of his coming examination.
Match the sentences below to write a note telling him that he needs to relax. Write out the note in the space
provided.
1. You look so stressed out a. go for a movie?
2. I think it is time b. when Ray’s mother tries to save him CHAPTER
from the kidnappers. 2
3. Why don’t you c. you take a breather.
4. I think the movie All About d. because of the coming examination.
Money
5. It is partly a comedy e. and a thriller.
6. You love thrillers f. so I am sure you will like in.
7. It is also hilarious especially g. you will feel much better after
the part watching the movie.
8. Have a good laugh and I am h. should be suitable for you.
sure
81
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Practice 5
Your friend wants to help save the environment by cutting down on electricity usage. Share information on how
your family cuts down on electricity bill by completing the sentences with your own words. Then, write out your
email in the space provided.
1. We switch off all plug points .
2. Remove these plugs .
3. Charge laptops and handphones
.
CHAPTER
4. Turn off heater .
2
5. Switch off fans and lights .
6. Reducing our electricity consumption .
82
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Practice 6
Rearrange the sentences below about an experience during a recent shopping trip. Write the email in the spaces
provide.
• I don’t think we would ever go shopping again during sales.
▪ Bye for now,
▪ We had to queue up an hour to pay for the clothes. CHAPTER
▪ We just grabbed what we could lay our hands on.
▪ When we reached the mall, it was jam packed with shoppers. 2
▪ Hi May,
▪ We were so utterly disappointed.
▪ When we came back, we found the clothes were either too big or too small for our liking.
▪ It was impossible to choose what we want.
▪ I went shopping with my sister today because there was a sale on.
83
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Summative Practice
Practice 1 Form 1
Read the message from your friend, Zul.
Hi,
I know that your brother is involved in theatre and performing arts. Could you please ask him whether
he is interested in coming to the school for a musical theatre workshop? The English Language Club plans
to organise a theatre at the end of the year. We need someone experienced to guide us in putting up a
good performance although the audience are only the students of our own school. We hope to conduct
the workshop on the 4th of March if he’s available. Thanks for your help and cooperation.
CHAPTER
Looking forward to your response.
2
Zul
In about 60 words, write a message to Zul informing him about your brother’s decision.
Hello Zul,
From,
[20 marks]
84
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Practice 2 Form 1
Read the transcription of a telephone conversation you had with your friend’s father, Uncle Muthu.
Uncle Muthu : Hello. This is Uncle Muthu, Ramesh’s father.
You : Hello, uncle. What has happened to Ramesh? He did not come for practice and I could
not contact him at all this afternoon.
Uncle Muthu : Ramesh was down with diarrhoea. I took him to the clinic to get treatment. He did not
bring his phone. That was why you could not reach him.
You : I'm sorry to hear that. How is he now? CHAPTER
Uncle Muthu : He is still very weak. After taking some medicine, he looks much better. He is sleeping
now. He asked me to call you and tell you about his condition. He hopes to recover quickly 2
and be able to go to school tomorrow.
You : I also hope Ramesh will get well soon. Thanks for calling, Uncle. Good night.
In about 60 words, write a personal phone message to Ramesh giving him some advice.
Hello Ramesh,
From,
[20 marks]
85
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Practice 3 Form 2
Read the short letter from your friend and former neighbour, Hazlan.
25 July 2023
Hi,
Greetings from Miri, Sarawak. Hope you and family are doing well.
I’ve made some friends in my new school but I still miss you and the others! Life here is not that different
from Kuala Lumpur so my family and I don’t have much problem adapting to this place.
Why don’t you and your family come to Sarawak for a visit this coming holiday? You can experience
the various cultures of the local ethnic groups and eat your favourite layer cake as much as you like!
CHAPTER
Please send me news about our friends. I do miss everyone!
2
Hazlan
In about 70 words, write a reply to Hazlan thanking him for the invitation and telling him your decision.
Hello Hazlan,
From,
[20 marks]
86
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Practice 4 Form 2
Read the email from your friend, Linda.
New Message
From [email protected]
Subject Online Shopping
Hi,
I would like to ask your opinion on online shopping because you told me that you and your sister CHAPTER
are regular customers on a few shopping websites. My mother saw some cheap ‘baju kurung’ on sale on
one of the websites. She has no experience in shopping online and asked me to buy the clothes for her. I 2
know how to go about it but I just want to ensure that the offers made during the sale are genuine ones.
The websites are reliable, aren’t they? I don’t want my mother to be cheated by buying cheap things that
are not worth her money.
Your opinions will be greatly appreciated.
Your friend,
Linda
Send A
In about 70 words, write a reply to Linda giving her your opinion and advice.
New Message
To [email protected]
From
Subject
Hello Linda,
Your friend,
Send A
[20 marks]
87
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English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Practice 5 Form 3
Read the notice about charity work in Lumut.
Lumut towards Clean Beaches
and a Healthy Environment
Every 1st Sunday
of the month at 7 a.m.
CHAPTER
• Come and join us to become volunteers in
2
cleaning beaches from unsightly objects.
• Aerobic exercises before work starts.
Venue: Teluk Batik
Children, adults and families are all welcomed.
In about 80 words, write an email to your friend asking him/her to participate in the event.
New Message
To
From
Subject
Hi ,
From,
Send A
[20 marks]
88
Chapter 2.indd 88 24/02/2023 5:20 PM
English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Practice 6 Form 3
Read the message sent by your friend, Latifa.
Hi,
It’s the awaited time of the year, the annual occasion when we visit each other and attend all the open
houses we have been invited to. After fasting for a whole month during Ramadhan, it seems difficult to
resist all the food served. I am afraid that I will gain weight which won't do any good for my health. Do CHAPTER
you have any advice? I would love to hear some useful tips from you.
Please give me some ideas so I can try to refrain my eating habit. 2
Latifa
In about 80 words, write a message to Latifa providing her some tips.
Hello Latifa,
From,
[20 marks]
89
Chapter 2.indd 89 24/02/2023 5:20 PM
English Form 1 • 2 • 3 Chapter 2 Writing
Practice 7 Form 3
Read the letter sent by your penfriend, Brian.
2112, Meadow Drive,
Billings, MT 59102.
4 October 2023
Dear friend,
How are you? It’s been some time since we wrote to each other. I feel great and hope that you are
well, too. For your information, I’m now back in school after the summer holidays.
CHAPTER
I went to a summer camp which was held at a cattle ranch. I had the chance to experience some of
the activities carried out on ranches. One of them was being taken to see the grazing cattle. There were
2
hundreds of them. Some other activities we did were fishing at a nearby lake, learning how to ride a
horse, cycling on rough paths and watching a rodeo.
Most of the participants live in the city so we were first-timers in everything. I thought fishing was
a bit boring when you had to sit and wait. However, it felt fantastic when I caught a very big fish! The
rodeo is an annual event where people turn up to see the best cowboy-the one who can stay on a wild
bull the longest.
Nevertheless, I had a really enjoyable time there. I think it has helped me to become more confident
and independent. Now, I feel I can make friends more easily compared to before I attended the camp.
I am also able to scramble eggs and make French toast for breakfast.
Please share with me what you did during your school holidays. We live in different countries so
the activities are certainly not the same. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Goodbye.
Yours sincerely,
Brian
In about 80 words, write a reply to Brian telling him about about your own holiday activities.
Hello Brian,
Your friend,
[20 marks]
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VOCABULARY
INTRODUCTION
t is important to have knowledge of some basic vocabulary for the purpose of understanding a
language and an adequate one, to be fluent in using the language. Vocabulary can be defined
Ias a set of common words that a person must understand to communicate effectively. Whilst
words are part of a speech, more than one word is necessary to form a sentence for others to get
the meaning of what you want to convey. Thus, in learning the English Language, it is crucial to give
emphasis on building a reasonable or even better, acquiring an extensive vocabulary as it offers a
useful, fundamental tool for communication as well as to gain knowledge.
LANGUAGE SKILLS
LISTENING
Listening vocabulary means the words that a person needs to know to be able to interpret what is
being heard, such as listening to stories or talks.
SPEAKING
CHAPTER
Speaking vocabulary comprises words which are used while speaking. It is quite a restricted vocabulary
3
usually required for giving instructions, having conversations or delivering speeches.
READING
Reading vocabulary refers to the words and letters that you should know to understand a sentence
or a text. You have to recognise and know the meaning of words used while reading texts in order to
comprehend and answer questions based on the articles or reading passages.
WRITING
Writing vocabulary consists of the words being used in writing compositions. A well-written essay
should make use of a vast vocabulary that can captivate the interest of readers, vocabulary that
represents the words which can express feelings or situations through writing instead of facial
expressions. Hence, good writing skills will rely upon a person’s proficiency in the language and their
knowledge of vocabulary.
A Descriptive Words
In grammar, adjectives and adverbs are generally defined as words that describe nouns and verbs,
respectively. The use of descriptive words will help a person to visualise, describe, define or explain
information about people, places, things, situations, feelings or actions.
i. Feelings / Emotions
1. displeasure 9. contented
2. weary 10. anger
3. fearless 11. peace
4. regret 12. amusement
5. confused 13. horrified
6. pride 14. relief
7. joyful 15. anxious
8. annoyed
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• Examples of usage of the vocabulary
1. He tried to hide his displeasure of being turned down.
2. She was contented with her simple life.
3. It seemed to be a relief to everyone when their organised event ended successfully.
4. The joyful moments would always be remembered.
5. Alif did have a regret for not being able to join the trip.
6. Hanim takes great pride in her accomplishments as an artist.
7. The children grew weary of waiting for the bus.
8. Mrs. Chin became annoyed when she was asked too many questions.
9. The little boy started to dance, much to the amusement of the onlookers.
10. The fireman took a fearless effort and rushed into the burning house to save the trapped child.
Practice 1 Feelings / Emotions
Complete the blanks with suitable descriptive phrases.
1. The teacher was to hear the loud scream from the other classroom.
2. The coach looked a bit before the start of the competition.
3. I could see that he was trying to control his . CHAPTER
4. They hope to live in without much disturbance from the nosy neighbours.
5. The little boy was when he saw another person looking like his father. 3
ii. Nature / View
1. rumbling thunder 9. vibrant autumn
2. blissful surroundings 10. magnificent sunset/sunrise
3. splendid panorama 11. glorious rainbow
4. jagged mountains 12. tranquil scenery
5. harsh climate 13. peaceful environment
6. cloudless sky 14. exquisite landscape
7. evergreen foliage/leaves 15. unstructured terrain
8. lush pastures/greeneries
• Examples in usage of the vocabulary
1. She was awaken from sleep by a loud, rumbling thunder.
2. The island resort is the perfect retreat for relaxation in blissful surroundings.
3. The jagged mountains with its lush greeneries are indeed a splendid panorama for anyone to see.
4. Small, scented jasmines could be seen among the evergreen foliage.
5. After moving to the North, we had to adapt to the harsh climate.
6. The cloudless sky meant that there would be no rain that day.
7. The beautiful sunrise and tranquil scenery are soothing to the eyes.
Practice 2 Nature / View
Complete the blanks with suitable descriptive phrases.
1. I could see the after the shower of rain.
2. He will not give up the where he can watch the daily.
3. The artist had captured the beauty of the in the oil painting.
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4. Those natives have no problem hiking up the .
5. Different hues of colours usually seen during are not to be missed.
iii. Buildings / Structures
1. cobbled courtyards 9. furnished rooms
2. dilapidated cottages 10. wooden pillars
3. collapsing scaffoldings 11. haunted houses
4. secluded chalets 12. magnificent palaces
5. stately mansions 13. spacious hall
6. ruined castles 14. sprawling resorts
7. unkempt playgrounds 15. suspension bridge
8. palatial hotels
• Examples of usage of the vocabulary
1. We found ruined castles instead of stately mansions.
2. The dilapidated cottages with unkempt compounds were not habitable.
3. People believed that there could be haunted houses in the deserted town.
4. The sprawling resort consists of secluded chalets with wooden pillars.
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5. The King and Queen lived happily in the magnificent palace.
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Practice 3 Buildings / Structures
Complete the blanks with suitable descriptive phrases.
1. The two towns are connected with an old .
2. All the have been rented by the students.
3. The rustic houses have .
4. There are also three for events to be held at
5. The neglected building was left with rusty, .
iv. People
1. naïve girls 9. boisterous children
2. angelic infants 10. cunning characters
3. stunning ladies 11. construction workers
4. distinguished authors 12. talented singers
5. capable adults 13. enthusiastic fans
6. adventurous men 14. dedicated teachers
7. accountable employees 15. trusted sellers
8. exemplary students
• Examples in usage of the vocabulary
1. There may not be many young, naïve girls in this modern society.
2. These babies may not stay as angelic infants for long!
3. The stunning ladies turned out to be the new, talented singers.
4. I could not tell which of the two distinguished authors’ books I love best.
5. When buying online, read the reviews to find trusted sellers.
6. Dedicated teachers will try to educate children to become capable adults.
7. Adventurous men always enjoy participating in adrenaline rush activities.
8. Shahid and Danny have been complimented as exemplary boys.
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Practice 4 People
Complete the blanks with suitable descriptive phrases.
1. She is always tired taking care of her two .
2. As , the two staff put in a lot of effort.
3. Most of the are not local men.
4. The turned up at the airport to wait for the famous actor.
5. There are quite a few in the animated film.
v. Objects
1. wrought-iron gate 9. luxurious furniture
2. fluttering flags 10. inspiring books
3. precious diamonds 11. colourful fabrics
4. marvelous gifts 12. antique clocks
5. polished floor 13. delicate vases
6. glossy pages 14. laden baskets CHAPTER
7. chartered vehicles 15. lustrous hair
8. irreparable machine 3
• Examples in usage of the vocabulary
1. The house with the wrought-iron gate has luxurious furniture.
2. Many people become motivated after reading these inspiring books.
3. The fluttering flags from colourful fabrics can be seen everywhere.
4. Slender models with lustrous hair filled the glossy pages of the fashion magazine.
5. The maid was responsible for the polished floor and crystal-clear windows.
6. The man gave his mother a marvelous gift, a bracelet set in precious diamonds.
Practice 5 Objects
Complete the blanks with suitable descriptive phrases.
1. The of fruit and vegetables were placed into the lorry for transportation.
2. Beautiful flowers in decorated the room.
3. The have to be disposed soon.
4. The man owns a collection of all kinds of .
5. The arrived on time to take the children on a trip.
vi. Activities / Situations
1. dangerous surfing 9. exhausting hike
2. restless doze 10. pleasant ride
3. sluggish performance 11. prompt action
4. convincing show 12. disrupted meeting
5. persuasive talk 13. unsuccessful attempt
6. dazzling smiles 14. camping adventure
7. perfect opportunity 15. efficient delivery
8. agile movement
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• Examples in usage of the vocabulary
1. It was hot but the girls still gave their dazzling smiles.
2. After a while, the sick child fell into a restless doze.
3. The students got the perfect opportunity to test their experiment during the competition.
4. They had a pleasant ride in the coach after a prompt action was taken to rectify the problem.
5. Dangerous surfing should be avoided even though some surfers may be tempted to do so.
6. The company has been noted for its efficient delivery of goods.
7. The audience was disappointed to watch such a sluggish performance instead of a convincing show.
8. The elderly often go to the park for some physical exercises.
Practice 6 Activities / Situations
Complete the blanks with suitable descriptive phrases.
1. My son’s first included an along a difficult jungle trail.
2. Their was continued after the electric power had been restored.
3. He would not give up despite his many .
4. The speaker delivered a very on taking up gardening as a hobby.
5. Felines are known to have that make them good hunters.
CHAPTER
B Sensory Words
3
ensory words are descriptive words that make use of our five senses defined as sight, sound, touch,
taste, and smell. They are more powerful and memorable than ordinary words because they
Smake your readers see, hear, feel, taste, or smell what are being described as well as allow them
to experience those words. You may imagine that you taste a sweet cake, see a dazzling display of
fireworks, feel a rough texture or hear some noisy chatter.
SIGHT SOUND TOUCH TASTE SMELL
bleary click bristly ambrosial acrid
bloated crackle bubbly bland aromatic
blurred creak bumpy briny earthy
brilliant grunt chilled burnt fishy
shapeless rustle coarse buttery fetid
dazzling sizzle clammy creamy foul
dim tinkle gooey delectable floral
dingy bellow gossamer flavourful foul
dishevelled blare greasy gingerly fragrant
drab chatter lumpy grainy mouldy
faded chime prickly medicinal musty
opaque jingle silky metallic pungent
pristine honk slimy peppery putrid
lustrous howl smooth rancid reeking
radiant rattle sticky ripe smoky
resplendent screech sweaty rotten suffocating
unsightly shriek tepid spicy stale
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vibrant slam uneven sour stinking
vivid squeak velvety tangy sweet
wrinkled squeal wooly zesty woody
An onomatopoeia is a literary term for a word that is spelled like the sound it makes. It seems we can
almost hear the sound as we read. Examples of such words are bang!, whoosh!, and boom!
• Examples in usage of sensory words:
i. Sight
1. The dark sky was illuminated by the flashing lightning.
2. The girl appeared unsightly with dishevelled hair, wearing a drab, faded dress.
3. The bride and bridegroom looked resplendent in green ‘songket’.
4. After a few hours of studying in the dim light, her eyes had become bleary.
5. They could not see anything through the opaque glass door.
ii. Sound
1. Boom! The loud, rumbling thunder rattled the sweeping branches of the trees along the driveway. CHAPTER
2. She heard the distant sound of crashing waves on the beach.
3. The whish-whish of the windshield wipers seemed to blend with the soft music from the radio. 3
4. Standing in the open area, he could hear the wind whistling and swirling around him.
5. The loud scream was followed by a slam of the door.
iii. Touch
1. She loved the smooth and velvety material of the new sofa.
2. It was not winter but the chilled breeze would guarantee us from becoming hot and sweaty.
3. Some animals have coarse, bristly fur, unlike the woolly fur of a sheep.
4. The floor was not only sticky but some slimy substance.
iv. Taste
1. The buttery and creamy cupcake was delicious.
2. The Indian restaurant is famous with its spicy and peppery dishes.
3. I like the crispy and tasty fried chicken but was disappointed with the bland mushroom soup.
4. Do you think raw oysters taste fishy and briny?
v. Smell
1. A large crystal vase filled with white roses scented the air in the room.
2. The aromatic, smoky smell of roast chicken made her hungry.
3. The pungent, acrid smell of the chemical was almost suffocating.
4. She likes the earthy and woody scents of the candles.
5. The air was filled with stinking, stale smell of the uncollected rubbish.
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Practice 1 Sensory Words
Choose a suitable word to complete the sentences.
silky murky radiant burnt woolly mouldy grainy buttery
dazzling creamy screech coarse musty musty blare vibrant
1. We had to wade in the muddy, water.
2. The children love the and cupcakes.
3. These toasts aren’t edible at all!
4. The of brakes and of horns were probably the result of a sudden
standstill.
5. The actress wore a , white coat over her dress.
6. She still looked even without make-up!
7. The fireworks display was in bright, colours.
8. The sand is and under my feet.
9. The sound of leaves made her panicked.
10. The air in the room was filled with , odour.
CHAPTER
3
C Action / Non-Action Words (Verbs)
Action words are also called verbs, which are words that describe actions that can be seen or done such
as run or walk. However, non-action verbs are words that we cannot really identify such as referring
to a need, an opinion, or a sense.
There are different ways of using the action or non-action words for correct grammatical
sentences but the focus will be based on the base form of each word. Examples of each word in basic
form:
ACTION NON-ACTION WORDS
attack believe
dive think
scratch enjoy
scroll prefer
swipe feel
tremble possess
locate assume
assign prefer
trudge regret
identify imagine
distribute expect
plan taste
measure wonder
combine remember
gather belong
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• Examples in usage of the vocabulary
1. You can scroll down the pages to see more designs.
2. They had to trudge in the deep snow to reach the cottage.
3. I have to measure the windows and doors to buy curtains.
4. The girl could not identify the person who attacked her.
5. We need to plan when to have our holidays.
6. The children enjoy swimming in the sea.
7. I started to feel better after taking some medicine.
8. I cannot imagine if I were to go without water for days!
9. The food didn’t taste so bad!
10. All these shoes belong to my sister!
Practice 1 Action / Non-action Words / Verbs
1. I still Grandma can her childhood days.
2. Soaking wet in the cold rain caused them to .
3. all the ingredients and blend them until fine.
4. The school children can help to leaflets to the neighbours. CHAPTER
5. The search for the drowned boy required the men to deep into the water.
6. He searched everywhere but still could not the car keys! 3
D Collocations
A collocation is a combination of two or more words that often appear together or more likely
to occur together. These combinations just sound natural because of their habitual use which can
make other combinations seem to be "wrong". Using collocations helps in beautifying the language
as well as making the use of the English language to be more natural and interesting.
Common combination Unsuitable combination
(make/do)
• make a decision • do a decision
• make money • do money
• do homework • make homework
• do a favour • make a favour
(fast/quick)
• fast food • quick food
• fast cars • quick cars
• quick look • fast look
• quick stop • fast stop
(listen/hear)
• listen to the radio • hear to the radio
• listen to me • hear to me
• hear the noise • listen to the noise
• hear things • listen to things
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Other examples
pay attention pay a visit
prepare breakfast prepare for examination
take a chance take a break
make an effort make the bed
deeply worried deeply regret
solve a problem find a solution
heavy rains heavy workload
catch fire catch a cold
powerful engine powerful people
give advice gain experience
delicious food bedtime stories
close a deal earn money
• Examples in usage of collocations
1. One should try to find a solution to any problem we encountered.
2. We can have a quick stop at the petrol station.
CHAPTER
3. A race car must have a powerful engine.
4. We deeply regret the inconvenience caused by the mistake.
3
5. It is necessary to take a break after a few hours of studying.
6. You should make your bed immediately after you get up.
7. The salesman was relieved that he had managed to close a deal.
8. Mr. and Mrs. Silva often try to read bedtime stories for their children.
9. I like to listen to songs on the radio so I will not hear other noises in the neighbourhood.
Practice 1 Collocations
Complete the sentences with suitable collocations.
1. Mrs. Donn is about her very sick child.
2. Many people during the cold weather.
3. The caused sudden flood in low areas.
4. He had to study hard to .
5. We decided to to our former teacher who lives in Kuala Lumpur.
6. Ordering is so easy and convenience.
E Contractions / Abbreviations / Acronyms
Contractions, abbreviations and acronym are normally used in conversations and informal types of
writing. There is no exact rule that would strictly define how they can be used as some abbreviations
and acronyms are allowed in writing although with certain limitation.
Contraction
A contraction is a combination of two or more words being shortened, usually using an apostrophe.
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Contractions Full Forms
• He’s/She’s • He is/has ; She is/has
• mustn’t • must not
• can’t • cannot
• I’d/You’d • I had/could/would
• shan’t • shall not
• We’ll/They’ll/You’ll/I’ll • We/They/You will
• won’t • will not
• wouldn’t • would not
• We’ve/They’ve/You’ve/I’ve • We/They/You have
• haven’t • have not
• hasn’t • has not
• You’re/We’re/They’re • You/We/They are/were
• didn’t • did not
• don’t/ doesn’t • do not/does not CHAPTER
• There’s • There is
• Examples in usage of the vocabulary: 3
1. She doesn’t like papayas and pineapples.
2. I shan’t call you tonight.
3. Jill and Jillian don’t want to go to the party.
4. He’s gone fishing.
5. We haven’t eaten at the new restaurant yet.
6. They didn’t arrive until late last night.
Practice 1 Contraction
Write the correct contraction to complete the sentences.
1. She loved it here, she?
2. “ the one we chose as our leader,” Ali informed Mr. Fuller.
3. Students break the school rules.
4. He like to know the consequences of his actions!
5. a good teacher.
Abbreviation
An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or a phrase which is used to replace the full word.
Contractions Full Forms
• TV. • Television
• Lab. • Laboratory
• Gym. • Gymnasium
• Fridge. • Refrigerator
• St. • Street/Saint
• Approx. • Approximately
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• a.m. • Ante meridian(before noon)
• p.m. • Post meridian (afternoon)
• Gov. • Government
• Mgmt. • Management
• Co. • Company
• Corp. • Corporation
• Dept. • Department
• Math. • Mathematics
• Feb. • February
• Examples in usage of the vocabulary:
1. Jan., Feb., Mar. and Apr. are the first quarter of the year.
2. The shop address is No. 10F, Chulia St., 10200 Penang.
3. There is always a crowd at the Gov. Hosp.
4. Please put the perishable goods into the fridge before you start watching TV.
5. The Dept. of Edu. is the responsibility of the Ministry of Education. (MOE)
Practice 2 Abbreviation
CHAPTER
Write the correct abbreviation to complete the sentences.
3
1. My parents want me to excel in and also Science subjects.
2. The has not taken any action about the complaints by the residents.
3. The intake of new students will be in and Sept. each year.
4. The cost of renovating our house is RM10, 000.
5. Let’s head to the for our aerobic exercise.
Acronym
An acronym is a word which is formed from the first letters of each of the words in a phrase or name.
Acronyms Full Words
• D/O • Daughter of
• S/O • Son of
• ICU • Intensive Care Unit
• RSVP • “Répondez s'il vous plaît"(a French phrase which means “Please reply”)
• MD • Medical Doctor/Managing Director
• CEO • Chief Executive Officer
• IT • Information Technology
• IC • Identity card
• HQ • Headquarters
• MAS • Malaysia Airlines
• ETS • Electric Train Service
• PM • Prime Minister/Private Message
• LRT • Light Rail Transit
• MRT • Metro Rail Transit/Mass Rapid Transit
• UHT • Ultra-High Temperature/Ultra Heat Treatment
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• Examples in usage of the vocabulary
1. “Are you flying with Air Asia or MAS?” asked Hannah.
2. Take the LRT or MRT to travel around the city.
3. It is important to have a lot of knowledge in IT.
4. Elon Musk, a business magnet is the CEO of TESLA, the company he founded.
5. The wedding is at a hotel and we need to RSVP to inform our attendance.
6. The patient had been critical and was admitted into ICU.
Practice 3 Acronym
Write the correct acronym to complete the sentences.
1. Senior citizens can purchase of an ticket at a fifty percent discount.
2. The milk needs to be placed in a refrigerator after it is opened.
3. She is Sunita Ramasamy.
4. We have our weekly meetings at our in Ipoh.
5. Please write your number of every page of your answer sheet.
F Homophones / Homonyms / Homographs CHAPTER
Homophones are words which have the same pronunciation but the meaning or spelling of the words 3
can be different. For example: so and sew.
Homographs are words that have the same spelling but the words are pronounced differently, such
as the word ‘desert’ meaning to abandon or leave and ‘desert’ meaning an area of land with little or
no vegetation.
Homonyms can also be used to refer to either homophones or to homographs. Some people may
think that homonyms should be confined to words that are similar in spelling and pronunciation
but they may have different meanings, such as the word ‘book’, which can mean something to read
or to make a reservation.
Contraction
A contraction is a combination of two or more words being shortened, usually using an apostrophe.
• Examples:
Homophones (same
pronunciation, different Homonyms (same spelling, Homographs (same spelling,
spelling) same pronunciation) different pronunciation)
boar/bore bank bass
hair/hare bark bow
right/write bat does
bear/bare can lead
desert/dessert cape live
eight/ate mould minute
fare/fair fair present
break/brak gear record
flour/flower lean refuse
poor/pour letter tear
plain/plane ring wind
weight/wait scale wound
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• Examples in usage of the vocabulary:
1. The swollen river overflowed and burst its banks.
2. I was just a minute late but the bank was already closed!
3. You have a minute chance to win something during the lucky draw.
4. Every child was given a piece of plain paper to draw a plane..
5. Bakers bake bread using high-protein flour.
6. There are so many types of flowers but roses are still the favourites.
7. The wound was quite deep.
8. She wound the ribbon to form a flower and placed it on the box of the present.
9. A hare can be an animal pest when their number is overwhelming.
10. Please comb your dishevelled hair.
Practice 1 Homophones, Homonyms, Homographs
Fill in the blanks with a suitable homophone, homonym or homograph.
1. I aim to gain my target by the end of the year!
2. There has been a slight increase in the train .
3. The boys had to the mountain as part of their physical test.
4. The we ordered was not tasty at all.
CHAPTER
5. The girl was nervous when she had been asked her proposal paper.
3
6. He had to use his hand to because his other hand was injured.
7. The lady has to away the spoiled beverage.
8. She needed to the badly scribbled pages off her note book.
9. Jay broke his own previous at the sports event.
10. Cinnamon is an aromatic spice taken from the of a tree.
G Interjections / Exclamations
Interjections are defined as words or phrases spoken to express surprise, disgust, joy, excitement, etc.
They are usually followed by an exclamation mark.
• Examples:
Interjections/Exclamations
• Wow!/Great!/Nice!/Bravo! To show surprise, admiration
• Hello!/Hi!/Hey! For greetings
• Ouch! To express pain
• Hmmm… /Well Thinking or hesitating about something
• Hurray!/ Yay!/Yippee For celebrations or showing excitement
• Oops!/Whoops! For making a mistake
• Alas To show sadness, pity, sorrow
• Phew! To express relief
• Oh No!/ Uh Oh! To show dismay
• Psst! Hush! For secrecy/quietness
• Yum!/Yuck!/Mmm.. For taste of food
• Eek!/Aah! To show fear
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• Hmph! To show displeasure
• Aww! For something sweet or cute
• Eew!/Urgh! To show disgust
• Examples in usage of the vocabulary:
1. Wow! You look beautiful.
2. Hurray! We won the match.
3. Alas, you missed the great party!
4. Ouch, it hurts!
5. Phew! We almost did not make it on time.
6. Oh No! I forgot to bring salt.
7. Bravo! You did a great job.
8. Well, finally you send me the report!
9. Hmmph, this is not what I expect from you!
10. Yummy, it’s delicious!
Practice 1 Interjections / Exclamations
Fill in the blanks with the most suitable interjection. CHAPTER
(Ouch, Wow, Eek, Yay, Bravo, Alas, Pssst , Whoops, Oh No, Hmm)
1. , I don’t like lizards! 3
2. ! My cousin has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.
3. , we’re going to the zoo!
4. , you did it! You finished the 10km run!
5. ! I spilt coffee on the table.
6. ! I’m not sure I like it.
7. , you step on my toes!
8. ! Your shirt is inside out.
9. ! The ball hit the neighbour’s flower pot!
10. ! She looks gorgeous.
H Synonyms and Antonyms
Synonym
A synonym is a word or a phrase that has the same meaning, or almost similar in its meaning to
another word or phrase.
Antonym
An antonym is a word or phrase that is opposite in meaning or nearly the opposite of another word
or phrase.
It should be noted that there are such a lot of words to learn and the words given as examples may
have more than one meaning. The meaning of each word can only be determined based on the context
in which it has been used in a sentence.
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WORDS SYNONYMS ANTONYMS
adorable lovable , sweet, charming hateful
agony distress, misery, anguish contentment, comfort
ask question, inquire, answer, reply
cautious careful, wary careless
tentative indefinite, uncertain certain, final
absolute complete, entire accountable
furious enrage, irate calm, quiet
decent sufficient, adequate bad, inferior
fascinate intrigue, enchant disinterest, bore
pure untainted, pristine polluted, contaminated
petite small, dainty big, large
reveal disclose, tell conceal, hide
abrupt curt, ungracious courteous, polite
convince assure, persuade discourage, dissuade
accomplish achieve, attain fail, reject
CHAPTER
gratitude thankfulness, indebted thankless, ingratitude
3
• Examples in usage of the vocabulary
1. She was in a bad mood and gave her friend an abrupt answer.
2. The man was furious when he found out about his cheating staff.
3. His wife is a petite, pretty lady.
4. The salesperson tried to convince the man the quality of the product.
5. The company is to reveal the new model of the car on the 1st of January.
6. She was careless, forgetting to put the perishable goods into the refrigerator.
7. The pristine beach is secluded, not yet polluted by too many visitors.
8. The guard had reasons to question the intruder.
9. The lecturer had to reject my thesis because he still found many mistakes.
10. The manager refused to disclose his final plan.
Practice 1 Synonyms, Antonyms
Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.
1. Showing to our parents is an immoral behaviour.
2. The wild animals in the zoo can either children or them.
3. The man can be especially when he refused to listen to the opinions of others.
4. The little girl was frightened of the furry dog.
5. She is quite rich to be able to lead a life in great .
I Technical Terms
Synonym
A technical term can be a word, a phrase or an acronym that is found in informational texts, such as fact
files and reports. The word may have a specific meaning for the field or a profession it belongs to. Its
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use in the specific field may save time when communicating with other knowledgeable professionals.
However, some of the terms may be found in our everyday language. These terms can develop and
become abbreviated as the phrases become more common.
i. Medical
WORD/TERM MEANING
sutures Stitches used to join or hold together the edges of a wound or a surgical incision
together as they heal.
benign A condition that means a growth is not cancerous.
biopsy A small sample of tissue taken to be tested for a diagnosis.
chronic A disease or condition that recurs or persistent, may last for 3 months or longer and
may get worse over time.
contusion A bruise which can be caused when blood vessels are damaged or broken.
transplant The removal of an organ or tissue from a person’s body and then the organ is
implanted into another.
acute This signifies a condition that begins abruptly and is sometimes severe, but occurs
for a short time. CHAPTER
malignant This means a condition that indicates the presence of cancerous cells.
intravenous It means giving medication or fluid using a needle which is inserted into a vein. 3
edema Swelling caused by the accumulation of fluid in body tissues.
ii. Culinary
WORD/TERM MEANING
al dente Al dente is Italian, used to describe pasta and vegetables that are firm and not too
crunchy or too soft.
julienne Julienne is for food/vegetables cut into short, thin strips You can use a knife, peeler,
or a slicer.
cream To cream means to mix butter and sugar together until the mixture becomes fluffy,
light, and creamy.
pipe This process is to decorate or create shapes using cream, paste, or icing on food for
dessert and pastry.
à la carte A list of food items which is priced separately or food prepared based on order from
the menus.
entrée This is a dish served before the main course of a meal.
Sauté To fry ingredients quickly in hot oil or butter.
parboil To partially cook food in boiling or simmering water.
dust To dust means to sprinkle food with fine sugar or flour.
zest The zest is the thin, coloured outer layer skin of an orange or a lemon, usually grated
to be used as for flavouring.
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iii. Technology
WORD/TERM MEANING
Browser A software program that allows a person to surf a web page.
Bookmark A bookmark is a saved link to a particular Web page for easier reference in the
future.
Cloud computing Cloud computing means to store and access data and programs over the Internet,
not on another type of hard drive.
Cookie A web server created the piece of code or data which is stored on a user's computer
to keep track of the user's usage patterns and preferences.
Firewall A firewall is a barrier that acts as a security system to protect computer systems and
networks.
Home page The starting point of the website belonging to an organisation or an individual page
that an Internet browser first opens up to.
HTML Hyper-text markup language (HTML) is a set of symbols inserted into files intended
for display on the world wide web. The symbols tell web browsers how to display
words and images - e.g. which colour, font and type size to use - and they direct it to
link to other pages on the world wide web via hyperlinks.
Read-only A read-only file means its contents cannot be edited, modified or deleted.
CHAPTER
Modem A modem is a device that allows computers to transmit information to each other via
3
ordinary telephone lines.
GIF This is the acronym for Graphics interchange format which is one of the main
graphics file format.
• Examples in usage of the vocabulary:
1. Diabetes and hypertension are considered as chronic diseases.
2. The doctor performed sutures to close the gaping wound that he suffered during the fall.
3. Michelle was relieved to learn that the swelling lump was benign.
4. It is definitely a great risk to have a transplant as a way to treat failed kidneys.
5. You can read the background of the company on its home page.
6. Cloud computing is a great innovation that benefits many organisations as well as individuals.
7. A computer should have been installed with a secure firewall against hackers.
8. I always cook the pasta al dente although I prefer it to be a bit softer.
9. Finally, add in the zest of a lemon into the mixture to enhance its flavour.
10. Try to sauté vegetables as an alternative to boiled ones.
Practice 1 Technical Terms
Fill in the blanks with the correct technical terms.
1. The editor has sent the author a file for him to proofread.
2. We can order if we do not like the dishes served for the buffet.
3. Immediate surgery was required as a way to stop the tumour from spreading.
4. We usually prepare style carrots and cucumbers for the fillings of spring rolls.
5. Many people have been using nice animation in their online conversations.
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Formative Practice
Choose the best answer for each question.
1. Fauzi was really pleased with his results. Replace 9. We stayed in a nice inn with a
the italicised word with an appropriate synonym atmosphere.
from the following. A rustic
A glad B plain
B regards C busy
C irritated D filthy
D comfort 10. I’d rather cook than
2. The school is having a grand party A gain experience.
for two dedicated teachers who are going to retire. B do the dishes.
A farewell C prepare dinner.
B birthday D stay at home.
C welcome 11. The city is scattered with .
D new year
A some people
3. We be able to go out if the rain B stray animals
stop soon. C high-rise buildings CHAPTER
A shan’t, don’t D beautiful views
B shan’t, doesn’t 12. After a three-day -tiring camping, I can’t wait to 3
C won’t, don’t .
D couldn’t, doesn’t A eat with my parents
4. , the noodles taste as B go home
as it looks! C see television
A Yes, great D see my house
B Err, good 13. Those old buildings were adorned with
C Hmm, delicious .
D Yuck, spicy
A fresh flowers
5. Roses are my favourite and I love B cheap plaster
the fragrance. C flaking paint
A flower, scented D intricate carvings
B flower, tangy 14. The visitors have been to see the
C flower, sharp view of the hills.
D flower, sweet
A enchanted, spectacular
6. The train will arrive in a few minutes. Replace the B touched, expected
italicised word with an appropriate antonym from C surprised, daily
the following. D bored, interesting
A come 15. My sister is now the finance manager of a large
B appear company after working hard to achieve her
C depart .
D flee A MBA
7. I I can faster than B B. Sc.
you! C B. Ed.
A think, like D MOE
B think, prefer 16. The final step in decorating the cake is to
C think, hope some butter cream icing.
D think, swim
A place
8. “ , we won the game!” Sam shouted B create
happily. C pipe
A Great C Wow D dust
B Yippee D Hmmm
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ANSWERS
11. scrambled
Chapter 12. through
1 READING
Summative Practice
Part 1: Short Text (MCQS) (A) Signs and Notices
1. A Sea sports
Formative Practice 2. B Picking and delivery service
3. B Abused women and children
Practice 1 4. B To urge you to donate
1. Muar 5. C You are responsible for your own safety.
2. A man in his 60s 6. B A cluttered area poses danger.
3. He was crushed to death by a falling tree during a freak storm. (B) Labels, leaflets and diagrams
4. A lightning hit a 50-year-old tree that crushed onto the man 1. A Instant Ginger helps relieve cough and flu
who happened to be passing by. 2. C This food is suitable for one who is on a glucose free diet.
Practice 2 3. B direct sunlight
4. A Be mindful of what we flush down the toilet.
1. Smoking kills 5. C the recycling process of plastic bottles and flasks
2. Stay away from sugary soda 6. C Consult a pharmacist or a doctor.
3. Highly flammable (C) Advertisement
4. Avoid junk food 1. A A birthday celebrant who is a Malaysian citizen
5. Authorised personnel only 2. A A fitness programme
6. Food is not allowed in the library 3. A A job vacancy
7. Eat a balanced meal 4. C Handling stress
8. Efficiency is our motto 5. B To encourage students to be creative
Practice 3 6. C The hair analysis
(D) Graphs, charts and tables
1. safety helmet; loved ones
2. Stop; check 1. A Majority of the viewers feel the movie is very interesting.
3. toilet; trash bin; dispose; toilet 2. B A significant number of students use it to listen to songs and to
4. reduce,reuse; recycle 3. B watch movies.
Texting
5. feeding; risk 4. A All the above are good for the brain.
6. speed 5. C middle age group
7. Bumpy; Slow 6. A Car pool whenever possible.
8. prohibited
(E) Newspaper Reports
Practice 4 1. B Jellyfish are causing problems for the fishermen.
1. To rain very heavily 2. C There are more female students in the local universities.
2. To get married 3. B a flood
3. To get out of a bad situation only to find oneself in an even 4. C Many people will be given a chance for a dip at the dam.
worse situation 5. B The students in the school are the suspects.
4. The things other people have always tend to appear better 6. A The victim crashed onto the Vios.
than what you own 7. A Be aware of what you are buying.
5. A person grows in the face of adversity 8. A share car journeys
9. C the fake news
6. The size of things does not indicate its quality
7. Don’t make plans that depend on something good happening (F) Comic strips
because it may not happen at all 1. A Mrs. Lim is not ready to leave.
8. If a problem involves two people, then both are equally 2. A Encouraging
responsible 3. C is unable to go shopping with Nora.
4. A he is unable to help.
Practice 5 5. B Eni feels strongly that the culprit should be punished.
6. B many students went to see the exhibition.
1. previously
2. fried (G) Emails and Messages
3. lightly 1. B regretting
4. frothy 2. B reduce the cost of the hotel room.
5. wok 3. B ill health
6. pour 4. B depend on
7. remove 5. B keep her promise to attend.
8. crushed 6. A Her sister knows what she is thinking.
9. well 7. B most likely a good friend of Lina.
10. Stir 8. C particular that students hand in their work on time.
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PART 2: ERROR CORRECTION (d) These
(e) reduces
Formative Practice D (a) more
(b) their
Practice 1 (c) go
1. I love listen to music. (d) from
2. Are you agree with me on this issue? (e) miss
3. There’s too much food. I don’t think I can finished it. E (a) towards
4. Are we going to have cake for dinner again? I hope no. (b) and
5. Do you know where is the laboratory? (c) impact
6. Last Wednesday, I don’t do much craft. (d) cause
7. I am not very good with cooking. (e) our
8. I am afraid to the discipline master.
9. Can I lend your dictionary for just a minute? Summative Practice
10. I am glad to have you to guide me as I do a lot of grammar
mistakes. Practice 1
11. When were you borned? 1. us
12. Our presentation went really good today. 2. waiting
13. You have a new bag. I am too. 3. for
14. I have gone to a movie with my sister yesterday. 4. stressful
15. It was very hot today! 5. our
16. I don’t have no sandwich. 6. proven
17. Please close your eyes at ten minutes. 7. own
18. I need a break as I am very exhausting. 8. decrease
19. I finally figuring out the answer to the question.
20. I used to played at the field when I was young. Practice 2
Practice 2 1. doing
2. while
3. ✓ 3. prevents
6. ✓ 4. requires
11. ✓ 5. faced
14. ✓ 6. what
17. ✓ 7. and
19. ✓ 8. do
Practice 3 Practice 3
1. It takes me an hour to reach the tourist destination. 1. excitement
2. Divide the sweets among the girls. 2. are
3. I go to school by bike. 3. their
4. Sally aims at doing well in her examination. 4. who
5. Saidah called on her friend late in the evening. 5. or
6. The boys or Rina has baked the cake. 6. should
7. Darren or his brothers are going for the movie. 7. the
8. One must not reveal one’s secrets to all. 8. for
9. She has been waiting for her father since 2 p.m..
10. Much water is wasted when the pipe burst. Practice 4
11. Go straight and turn left at the crossroads.
12. Our dog stopped to see if it could pick up the trail. 1. this
13. I decided to climb to the top of the hill to get a better view. 2. how
14. I looked up and saw that it was getting dark. 3. take
15. Jun offers to help anyone who is in trouble. 4. should
5. force
Practice 4 6. save
7. success
A (a) is 8. spending
(b) have
(c) spend Practice 5
(d) much
(e) what 1. and
B (a) of 2. looking
(b) react 3. us
(c) the 4. sent
(d) When 5. was
(e) or 6. that
C (a) feed 7. networking
(b) in 8. gradually
(c) have
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Practice 6 2. Robot vacuum cleaner (spick and span, around, handy,
realise, charging)
1. go 3. Robot cook (gadget, meal, takeaways, diet, operate)
2. for 4. Intelligent iron (effortless, adjust, glides, efficient, fraction)
3. decide
4. the Practice 4
5. has 1. taking time off
6. do 2. family bonding time
7. Spread 3. becomes sluggish
8. in 4. productive
Practice 7 Practice 5
1. Though 1. better connectivity
2. them 2. disturbs sleep pattern
3. and 3. blue light waves
4. as 4. set a timer
5. keep 5. strike a balance
6. in
7. cause Summative Practice
8. is
Practice 1 Form 1
Practice 8
1. hang out
1. are 2. to do list
2. act 3. deepen your love
3. or 4. bonds
4. you’re 5. memories
5. happening 6. commitments
6. Do 7. cooking a meal
7. includes 8. take for granted
8. save
Practice 2 Form 1
Practice 9
1. personality
1. before 2. muted neutrals
2. said 3. in the limelight
3. of 4. bold
4. they 5. confident
5. making 6. good fashion sense
6. their 7. casual clothes
7. while 8. reflect your personality
8. buying
PART 3: INFORMATION TRANSFER Practice 3 Form 1
1. fast fashion
Formative Practice 2. fashion shows
3. trendy
Practice 1 4. affordable
1. family members 5. toxic waste
2. things can go wrong 6. rivers
3. the mistake 7. environmental damage
4. disasters 8. consumers
5. the necessary precaution
6. mindfulness Practice 4 Form 2
Practice 2 1. Clogged drains
2. empty tin cans
Title of passage: Attaching Screen Protector 3. Oil spills
1. Get a screen protector. 4. dumps sites
2. Clean the screen of your mobile phone. 5. destruction of properties
3. Remove the backing of the screen protector. 6. breeding grounds
4. Apply the sticky side of the screen protector on the screen of 7. supply of fish
8. living space
the phone.
5. Smooth out any air bubbles trapped in between the protector Practice 5 Form 2
and the screen of your phone.
1. eight
Practice 3 2. fibre
3. feeling full
1. Video door security (visitor, unlocking, opening, security,
download) 4. minerals
5. greasy chips
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6. high calorie Practice 2
7. omega-3
8. oily ocean fish A 3 a. effect of forest fires
1 b. choosing his career
Practice 6 Form 2 2 c. the nature of his job
4 d. the training programme of a fire fighter
1. raw materials
2. Fewer trees B 1. c
3. natural resources 2. d
4. groundwater contamination 3. a
5. toxic gasses 4. b
6. industrial waste Practice 3
7. toxic chemical
8. living beings A 1 i n t e r a c t
Practice 7 Form 3 2 s t r e n g t h e n
3 s u p p o r t i v e
1. parenting
2. learning process 4 o p o o r t u n i t y
3. balance themselves 5 f i t
4. avoid dangerous places
5. are overprotective B 1. c
6. challenges in life 2. b
7. become helpless 3. a
8. failures 4. e
5. d
Practice 8 Form 3
1. hard work Summative Practice
2. time
3. trouble Practice 1 Form 1
4. titbits
5. fit exercise 1. False
6. Walk 2. True
7. walking your dog 3. True
8. household chores 4. False
5. artificial flavours and food colouring
Practice 9 Form 3 6. wholemeal bread
7. time and effort
1. saving money
2. keep track 8. should be educated
3. daily expenses Practice 2 Form 1
4. list your goals
5. realistic 1. False
6. stick to it 2. True
7. habit 3. True
8. budget 4. False
5. unique traditional decorations
Practice 10 Form 3 6. verandah
7. permanent forest reserve
1. journal
2. set a time 8. a big gathering
3. habit Practice 3 Form 2
4. bottle up
5. stress 1. timber
6. grateful 2. wealth and status
7. thinking process 3. on twelve stilts
8. self-reflection 4. Perak Royal Museum
5. high-rise buildings/apartments and condominiums
6. expensive
PART 4: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
7. the older generation
Formative Practice 8. large compounds
9. residence
10. cost
Practice 1
Practice 4 Form 2
1. TRUE
2. FALSE 1. can be addictive
3. FALSE 2. self-discipline
4. TRUE 3. dyslexia and autism
5. TRUE 4. reduce stress
6. FALSE 5. form of exercise
7. TRUE 6. master certain skills
8. TRUE 7. Good (running) shoes
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8. social and communication Practice 3
9. improper
10. revealed 1. B In short, don’t post anything online that you may regret.
2. A However, we can try to control how we respond to situations.
Practice 5 Form 3 3. C Clear away all distractions.
1. rest your body 4. A What you need is a lot of patience.
2. significant meaning 5. C Sometimes we fail.
3. remember any details 6. B They help to reduce stress and boost happiness.
4. our daily life
5. boost creativity Practice 4
6. refresh the brain 1. Impulse buying can be a serious problem. It can disrupt your
7. their occurrences budget and ruin any plans to save money. An unplanned
8. adequate, undisrupted sleep impulsive purchase makes you use the money you have
9. weird saved on something you do not need. As a result, you may
10. vague not have the money to spend on something you really need.
2. Write down your shopping list before you browse online.
Practice 6 Form 3 Hold back your purchase whenever you are tempted to buy
1. domestic (animals) something. Put the product in your online shopping cart. After
2. with disabilities one month look at your cart again and see if you feel the
3. stressful same about the product. Chances are that you may not want
4. better choice it anymore.
5. responsibility 3. Always have a shopping list when planning your purchases.
6. accommodate your pet This list helps you keep to your budget. It prevents you from
7. age-old enemies looking at things you do not need. This action may stop you
8. connect with them from buying things on ‘offer’ that are not needed.
9. valued
10. temperamental Practice 5
1. D Whether it is an online class, a meeting or an online social
Practice 7 Form 3
gathering, everyone wants to look their best.
1. metaphor 2. A What you need is good lighting.
2. the social media 3. C The camera should be positioned just above the eye-level.
3. noodles
4. high in calories Summative Practice
5. unhealthy
6. physical exercises
7. health Practice 1 Form 1
8. eating in moderation 1. D It can also be obtained through experiences in life.
9. temptation 2. C We study in the university not just to get a degree.
10. indulge 3. B We also learn skills to solve problems that the society faces.
4. A Students learn how to interact with others and mould good work
PART 5: MATCHING GAPPED TEXT attitude.
5. E Some people have painted and repaired the swings and slides.
Formative Practice 6. G It became a dangerous place for the children.
7. F Now, the place has become a lively place in the evening.
Practice 1 8. H The park is a great place for residents to get to know one
another.
1. B Studying abroad comes with many benefits.
2. C There are two types of universities in Malaysia. Practice 2 Form 1
3. A Many people think that poetry is difficult and uninteresting.
4. C Jacintha is a very responsible girl. 1. D Smiling does not cost anything.
5. B Students should not be forced to wear uniforms in school. 2. C A smile is a universal language.
6. C Travelling locally is better than travelling abroad. 3. A It is a way to make the muscles on your face exercise to keep
7. A Technology has affected the quality of communication. you looking young.
8. A Keep healthy to stay strong. 4. B So put on a happy face because it helps to make you feel
happier.
Practice 2 5. F However, delicious food is not necessarily good for you.
6. G They are crunchy and you never stop at one bite.
1. germs 7. H Just shave thin slices and bake them in your oven.
2. immune system 8. E Freeze them.
3. infection
4. destruction Practice 3 Form 1
5. stored
6. vaccinated 1. E Are you keeping yourself away from others?
7. immunity 2. H You may not be able to express yourself because you feel you
8. encounter are not good enough.
9. attack 3. B Accept that you are unique in your own ways.
10. antibodies 4. F Be true to yourself and understand that nobody is perfect.
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