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ii Chapter 1 Life Cycles 1 Chapter 2 Light 8 Chapter 3 Heat 17 Term Test 1 28 Chapter 4 Matter 39 Chapter 5 Environment and Natural Resources 45 Chapter 6 Solar System 5 1 Term Test 2 57 Contents ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
1 Chapter 1 Life Cycles Chapter 1 Life Cycles 1.1 Life Cycles of Animals 1 The diagram shows the life cycle of a butterfly. Name the stages below. 2 Answer the questions based on the life cycle shown in Question 1. (a) How does the butterfly reproduce? (b) In which stage does the butterfly stop eating? (c) In which stage does the butterfly become a pest to farmers? (d) What other animal has a similar life cycle with the butterfly? (a) (b) (d) (c) ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
7 Chapter 1 Life Cycles 3 The diagram below shows four test tubes labeled A, B, C and D containing some seeds. Test tubes A, C and D are put near a window. Test tube B is kept in a refrigerator. (a) What happens to the seeds in each test tube? Why? (i) Test tube A (ii) Test tube B (iii) Test tube C (iv) Test tube D (b) What is the function of cooking oil in test tube D ? (c) How do we store the seeds for a long time until further use? A BC D Moist cotton wool Moist cotton wool Cooking Cool oil boiled water ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
8 Primary 4 Hands-on Science Chapter 2 Light 2.1 Properties of Light 1 Tick () the situation in which the pupil can see the light of a candle through the tube. 2 Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. (a) We can see a beam of from the van at night. The beam of light shows that light travels in a line. (b) When light rays hits a mirror, the light rays will be in the same direction. Light ray Mirror (a) (b) (c) (d) ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
10 Primary 4 Hands-on Science 5 Give three examples each for transparent, translucent and opaque objects in the table below. 6 The diagram shows a pupil producing a shadow with his hands. Complete the sentences below. (a) The hands of the pupil are in order to produce the shadows. (b) A shadow is formed when an object blocks the . (c) The shadow formed has the shape as the object. (d) The shadow is dark because there is light falling on that area. (e) A object will not make any shadow, as light will pass through it. (a) Transparent object (b) Translucent object (c) Opaque object ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
11 Chapter 2 Light 1 What is the most important source of light? A Fire B Moon C Sun D Stars 2 The activity below shows a pupil using tubes P, Q, R and S to view the candle. Which tube enables the pupil to see the candle? P Q S R A P B Q C R D S 3 The diagram below shows a ray of light falling on a book. What happens to the light after falling on the book? It is A reflected B refracted C dispersed D absorbed 4 Why can a mirror reflect all the light rays perfectly? A It has a small surface. B It has a smooth surface. C It has a rough surface. D It has a large surface. 5 Which of the following objects apply the reflection of light properties in their uses? I Mirror II Rear view mirror III Periscope IV Mouth mirror A I and II B III and IV C II, III and IV D I, II, III and IV Objective Questions Choose the best answer. ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
13 Chapter 2 Light 1 The pictures below show a lighthouse and a car in the dark. (a) From the pictures above, what can you conclude about how light travels? (b) What is the function of the light from the (i) lighthouse? (ii) car? (c) Name one example of a light source that uses this property of light. Answer all the questions below. Subjective Questions ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
17 Chapter 3 Heat Chapter 3 Heat 3.1 Sources of Heat 1 Answer the questions based on the picture below. (a) List two activities that use heat. (i) (ii) (b) What are the sources of heat in your answers for (a)(i) and (a)(ii)? (i) (ii) (c) Why does the lady wear oven gloves? (d) What are the other uses of heat in our daily life? List examples. (i) (ii) (e) Can we live without heat? Why? ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
21 Chapter 3 Heat (c) The diagram shows the effects of heat on a gas in a conical flask. Activity Observation Conclusion The air in the conical flask is heated. (i) The level of red ink . (iii) The gas expands when and contracts when . The air in the conical flask is cooled down. (ii) The level of red ink . Red ink Air Hot water Air Red ink Ice 6 Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. The railway tracks are made of (a) . The tracks are built with (b) to allow expansion during the (c) weather. This is to prevent the tracks from (d) out of shape due to expansion. ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
23 Chapter 3 Heat 1 What is our main source of heat? A Star B Fire C Moon D Sun 2 Which of the following are the uses of heat? I For making water hot II For ironing crumpled clothes III For baking chocolate muffins IV For drying wet clothes A I and II B III and IV C I, II and III D I, II, III and IV 3 What is the meaning of ‘temperature’? A Energy that makes objects become warm B The metric unit for heat C The degree of hotness or coldness D Transfer of energy from a hot area to a cold area 4 Which of the following tools is used to measure temperature? A Thermometer B Scale C Barometer D Measuring tape 5 What is the temperature reading of the water in the diagram below? 35 33 34 A 33.5ºC B 34.0ºC C 34.5ºC D 35.0ºC 6 Which of the following is the correct method to take the reading of a thermometer? A B C D Objective Questions Choose the best answer. ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
27 Chapter 3 Heat (b) Explain the answer in (a). (c) The glass bottle is then transferred into the cold water. What happens to the balloon and why? 4 The diagram below shows Mrs Anna cooking in the kitchen. (a) What is the cooking pot made of? Why? (b) The ladle that Mrs Anna uses to stir the cooking pot is made of only one material. What do you think the material is? (c) What should Mrs Anna use if she wants to hold the cooking pot? Why? ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
28 Primary 4 Hands-on Science 7HUP7HVW MARKS Section A (60 marks) Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer. 1 Which of the following is the correct order of an insect’s life cycle? A Egg Larva Pupa Adult B Egg Pupa Larva Adult C Larva Pupa Egg Adult D Adult Egg Larva Pupa 2 The diagram below shows an insect. Which of the following has a similar life cycle as the animal shown in the diagram? I Bee II Grasshopper III Dragonfly IV Beetle A I and II B I and III C I and IV D II and IV 3 The diagram below shows the different stages of growth of a frog. J L K M Choose the correct sequence of growth. A J, K, L, M B L, K, J, M C L, J, M, K D M, K, J, L 4 Which of the following steps can reduce the number of mosquitoes in our surroundings? I Remove stagnant water in empty buckets or old tires. II Spray oil on the surface of water. III Rear fish in stagnant water. IV Leave stagnant water in the drain. A I and II B II and III C III and IV D I, II and III ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
38 Primary 4 Hands-on Science (iii) State the temperature of water in the glass. (2 marks) (c) (i) What will happen to the water temperature if Syahmi puts a few ice cubes into the glass? (2 marks) (ii) Explain your answer in (c)(i) . (2 marks) (d) The diagram below shows an investigation carried out by Syahmi. (i) What is the temperature of the water in the container? (2 marks) 5o C 12o C 65o C (ii) Why does the balloon expand when the bottle is put in the container filled with water? (2 marks) ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
39 Chapter 4 Matter Chapter 4 Matter 4.1 Properties of Matter 1 Answer the following questions regarding properties of matter. (a) What is matter? (b) Give two examples of matter. (c) Give one example of non-matter. (d) What is mass? (e) What tool is used to measure the mass of an object? (f) What is volume? (g) What tool is suitable to measure the volume of an irregular object? (h) What tool is suitable to measure the volume of a small amount of liquid? ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
40 Primary 4 Hands-on Science 2 An activity is carried out to compare the mass of three objects, X, Y and Z. Object X Object Z Object Y Object X (a) Which object has a greater mass, X or Y? (b) Which object has the smallest mass, X, Y or Z? (c) Arrange the objects based on their mass in ascending order. 4.2 Three States of Matter 3 Complete the table below regarding the states of matter. Solid Liquid Gas Shape Fixed shape (a) (b) Volume (c) Fixed volume (d) Compressibility (e) (f) Can be compressed Example (g) (h) (i) Property State of Matter ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
41 Chapter 4 Matter 1 Which of the following statements is true about matter? A Matter is a form of energy. B Matter has mass and volume. C Matter has a definite shape. D Matter does not occupy space. 2 Which of the following is not matter? A Rose B Ant C Sound D Carbon dioxide 3 The diagram below shows a pupil measuring an irregular-shaped object. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 75 ml 50 ml Irregular-shaped object How much is the volume of the object? A 15 ml B 20 ml C 25 ml D 30 ml 4 The diagram below shows the condition of a balloon before and after air was pumped into it. What is the property of air shown in this activity? A Air has mass. B Air occupies space. C Air cannot be seen. D Air cannot be compressed. 5 What are the states of matter? A Solid and liquid B Liquid and gas C Ice, water and vapor D Solid, liquid and gas Objective Questions Choose the best answer. ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
42 Primary 4 Hands-on Science 6 The information below describes X. It has no fixed volume. It takes the shape of its container. It can be compressed. Which of the following can be X? A Water B Paper C Oxygen D Iron 7 Which of the following exists as a liquid at room temperature? A Stone B Water C Wood D Candle 8 The diagram below shows an ice cream. P Q What is the similarity of P and Q ? A They can flow. B They do not occupy space. C They have a fixed volume. D They have a fixed shape. 9 Which of the following has a fixed shape and a fixed volume? A Wine B Oxygen C Marble D Milk 10 The diagram below shows that 500 ml of water is poured into each of the containers of different shapes. This shows that water A has a fixed volume and a fixed shape B has a fixed mass but no fixed shape C has no fixed volume but has a fixed shape D has no fixed shape but has a fixed volume ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
45 Chapter 5 Environment and Natural Resources NATURAL RESOURCES Chapter 5 Environment and Natural Resources 5.1 Resources from the Environment 5.2 Resources and Technology 2 Answer the questions below. (a) What is the function of water treatment plants? (b) What is a pump jack? (c) Why are irrigation systems important in large farmlands? (d) How does a wind turbine work? (e) How does a solar panel work? Some examples are coals, gasoline and natural gas. Used for drinking, cooking and as the habitat for marine life. Provided by animals such as cows and plants. (a) (b) For farming and as the habitat for living things. (f) (c) Provides wood, medicine and is the habitat for wildlife. (e) Living things need oxygen to survive while plants need carbon dioxide to make food. (d) 1 Identify the resources in the blanks given below. ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
46 Primary 4 Hands-on Science 5.3 Man’s Impact on the Environment 5.4 Caring for the Environment 3 Fill in the blanks with the words given. 4 Write ‘reduce’, ‘reuse’ or ‘recycle’ for each of the activities below. pollution burning aquatic rubbish water harmful (a) Open results in air and produces smoke and dust. Breathing in the polluted air is to our health. (b) Dumping or waste materials into rivers results in pollution. Water from polluted rivers is unsafe for consumption. plants and animals in the polluted rivers are also threatened. (a) Turn off the light when not in the room. (b) Use store bags when shopping. (c) Use newspapers and magazines as wrapping paper. (d) Ride a bicycle and walk more. (e) Take a shorter time to shower. (f) Use old tires, plastic jugs and jars to plant vegetables. (g) Use washable containers when packing food. ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
48 Primary 4 Hands-on Science 7 Deforestation will cause more to stay in the atmosphere. A oxygen B nitrogen C carbon dioxide D natural gas 8 Which are the effects of global warming? I Melting of the polar ice caps II Rising of the sea water level III Climate change around the world IV Imbalanced ecosystem A I and II B I and III C I, II and III D II, III and IV 9 Which of the following is a way to protect our environment? A Recycling B Littering C Disposing D Mining 10 Which of the following is not a way to conserve and preserve our natural resources? A Turn broken pails into flower pots. B Collect and sell old newspapers to recycling companies. C Release industrial waste discharge into the rivers directly. D Avoid using disposable items. Answer all the questions below. Subjective Questions 1 Our environment consists of living things and non-living things. There are many natural resources from the environment that we can use to meet our daily needs. (a) What is the environment? (b) What are the four non-living things needed by living things? (c) Name six examples of natural resources. (d) Which natural resource is used to produce electricity in power stations? ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
51 Chapter 6 Solar System Chapter 6 Solar System 6.1 The Sun, the Earth and the Moon 6.2 Planets in the Solar System 1 Write ‘Sun’, ‘Earth’ or ‘Moon’ for each of the descriptions below. 2 The diagram below shows the Solar System. Label the planets correctly. (a) It has one natural satellite called the Moon. (b) The largest object in the Solar System. (c) It takes about 28 days to move around the Earth. (d) Its surface is covered by water and it has air. (e) It is the Earth’s natural satellite. ( f ) It is a star. Sun (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) ( f ) (g) (h) e d c b a g h f ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
52 Primary 4 Hands-on Science 3 Answer the questions below related to the planets in our Solar System. (a) How many planets are currently in our Solar System? (b) Which is the smallest planet that is also nearest to the Sun? (c) Which is the hottest planet? (d) Which planet is called the ‘Red Planet’? (e) Which planet has a beautiful ring? 6.3 Other Objects in the Solar System 4 Match the following objects in the Solar System with their correct descriptions. (i) They are small with rocky ice bodies and orbit the Sun. (iv) They are small rocky particles with a size smaller than asteroids. (ii) They are pieces of rock which are smaller than the planets. (v) They can be found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. (iii) If they enter the Earth’s atmosphere, they heat up and burn to become ‘falling stars’. (vi) They have long glowing tails of a few kilometers long. (a) Comets (b) Meteoroids (c) Asteroids ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
53 Chapter 6 Solar System 1 Which of the following is the center of the Solar System? A Sun B Moon C Asteroid D Mars 2 Living things can survive on the Earth because the Earth I has a suitable temperature II has water III has air IV has a moon A I and II B I and III C I, II and III D II, III and IV 3 Which of the following has no natural satellite? I Mercury II Venus III Jupiter IV Saturn A I and II B II and III C II and IV D III and IV 4 Which of the following are the inner planets? I Venus II Uranus III Mars IV Neptune A I and II B I and III C II and III D III and IV 5 Which of the following are in the group of outer planets? I Mercury II Saturn III Earth IV Jupiter A I and II B I and III C II and IV D III and IV Objective Questions Choose the best answer. ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
Term Test 2 57 7HUP7HVW MARKS Section A (60 marks) Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer. 1 A does not have a four-stage life cycle. A butterfly B dragonfly C moth D bee 2 What happens to the young of the butterfly in the larva stage? A It hatches from its egg. B It changes its size. C It eats leaves. D It reproduces. 3 The diagram below shows four persons observing the flame of a candle. P Q R S Which person can see the flame? A P B Q C R D S 4 The diagram below shows a robot and its images. Robot Mirror What is the property of light that makes the robot have four images? A Light can be reflected. B Light cannot pass through an opaque object. C Light travels in a straight line. D Light can pass through all media. 5 Which of the following applies the concept of the reflection of light? I Contact lenses II A dental mirror III A rear view mirror IV A magnifying glass A I and II B II and III C III and IV D I, II and III ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.
Term Test 2 59 10 The diagram below shows a vinegar bottle tightened with a cork. Vinegar What can be done to remove the cork easily without damaging it? A Heat the cork. B Soak the bottle in cold water. C Place the bottle in hot water. D Place the bottle in the refrigerator. 11 The diagram below shows an investigation carried out by Kevin. Thermometer 45°C Sand 10.00 a.m. Thermometer 25°C Sand 10.00 p.m. Why is the temperature of the sand higher at 10 a.m. compared to 10 p.m.? A The sand is a heat insulator. B The sand becomes more moist at daytime than nighttime. C The sand gains heat in the daytime. D The sand loses heat at nighttime. 12 The diagram shows two balloons, each attached to the mouth of a bottle. They are placed in two containers of different temperatures. P Q Which of the following statements is correct about the containers? A The temperature of container Q is 0°C. B The temperature of container P is lower than that of container Q. C The bottle in container P gains heat from the water. D The bottle in container Q gains heat from the water. ©Praxis Publishing Singapore Pte. Ltd.