ii Chapter 1 Adaptations for Survival 1 Chapter 2 Relationship among Living Things 9 Chapter 3 Human Impact on the Environment 15 Chapter 4 Forms and Uses of Energy 21 Term Test 1 28 Chapter 5 Force and Motion 38 Chapter 6 Sound and Its Properties 45 Chapter 7 Classifi cation of Matter 51 Chapter 8 Rotation of the Earth and the Moon 56 Term Test 2 61 Contents
1 Chapter 1 Adaptations for Survival Chapter 1 1.1 Factors that Affect the Survival of Living Organisms 1 Answer all the questions based on the diagram below. (a) What is the defi nition of environment? (b) Name the environment. (c) List three non-living factors that affect the survival of the living organisms. (d) List three living factors that affect the survival of the living organisms. (e) List one producer in the diagram. (f) List three consumers in the diagram. Adaptations for Survival
3 Chapter 1 Adaptations for Survival (b) Fill in the blanks on how plants adapt themselves to the environment. Plant Adaptation (i) • Has to reduce water loss. • Has long to go deep inside the soil to absorb water. (ii) • Has roots that grow above the soil. • These roots have to take in oxygen from the air for respiration. (iii) • Has an smell and a taste to keep animals away. (iv) • Has a structure that enables wind to carry them away. • Has a structure to keep it afl oat. • Has and seeds. (v) • Has and fl at leaves to fl oat on water to obtain for photosynthesis. • Has a coating on leaves to avoid sinking.
7 Chapter 1 Adaptations for Survival Subjective Questions 1 The diagram below shows two animals that live in different environments. Polar bear Malayan sun bear (a) What is the habitat of both animals in the diagram? (i) Polar bear: (ii) Malayan sun bear: (b) What is the non-living factor that affects the different habitats of these two animals? (c) What is the difference between these two animals in terms of structural adaptation? (d) Explain why they have the difference from your answer in 1(c). (e) Give one other adaptation for each animal in the diagram. (i) Polar bear: (ii) Malayan sun bear: Answer all the questions below.
9 Chapter 2 Relationship among Living Things (c) A group of organisms of the same kind that live and reproduce in a particular habitat. (e) A community of organisms that live together, interacting with each other and their physical environment. (a) It is an individual living thing, such as beetle that lives together with other living things. Chapter 2 2.1 Organisms, Populations and Communities 2.2 Communities at Different Habitats Relationship among Living Things 1 Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. 2 List the populations that live in the communities below. (a) Garden community Example: (i) Bird (ii) (iii) (iv) (b) Forest community (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (b) It is a natural environment where organisms live, reproduce, and get food and shelter. (d) Various populations of organisms living together in the same habitat.
11 Chapter 2 Relationship among Living Things 1 Which of the following terms refers to different populations of animals and plants living together in a habitat? A Organism B Community C Ecosystem D Population 2 Which of the following statements is true? A A population is the home of an organism. B An ecosystem is made up of living things and non-living things. C There is only one community of living things in a habitat. D The non-living components in an ecosystem are only water and oxygen. 3 Which of the following is not likely to belong to ocean communities? A Coral B Algae C Lionfi sh D Mangrove tree 4 Which of the following shows the interdependence among the different populations in a community? I Green plants use sunlight to make their own food. II Plants are a source of food for animals. III Rocks provide protection to small insects. IV Birds eat the fruits and disperse the seeds. A I and II B II and IV C I, II and III D I, II, III and IV 5 Why is it impossible for a tiger to become a producer in a food chain? A The tiger is not an omnivore. B The tiger does not eat plants. C The tiger cannot supply energy to other animals. D The tiger cannot produce its own food through photosynthesis. Objective Questions Choose the best answer.
15 Chapter 3 Human Impact on the Environment Chapter 3 3.1 Impact of Human Activities on the Environment Human Impact on the Environment 1 Name all the human activities based on the diagrams below and write their impact on the environment. Activity Impact (a) (b) (c) (d)
19 Chapter 3 Human Impact on the Environment (a) What is this activity? (b) Why is this activity conducted? (c) What is the importance of this activity? (d) What will happen if this activity is carried out continuously? (e) Explain how this activity can cause acid rain. 2 The diagram below shows a human activity carried out in a forest. X (a) Name the activity X. (b) Explain how this activity could lead to global warming.
21 Chapter 4 Forms and Uses of Energy Chapter 4 4.1 Forms of Energy Forms and Uses of Energy 1 Name the form of energy and its function in the situation given in the diagram below. Diagram Form of energy Function (a) To provide energy to to create for the house (b) To provide air (c) To help people safely (d) To make or
22 Primary 6 Hands-on Science 4.2 Conversion of Energy 2 Write the conversion of energy based on the pictures below. Example: (b) Energy conversion: Electrical energy o Light / Sound energy Energy conversion: (a) (c) Energy conversion: Energy conversion: Diagram Form of energy Function (e) It is stored in and is converted to energy when the string is released. (f) A runner is able to from the starting point to the fi nal destination.
28 Primary 6 Hands-on Science 7HUP7HVW MARKS Section A (60 marks) Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer. 1 What do animals do when the weather is too hot? A They will huddle in groups. B They hide in shady areas. C They bask in the Sun. D They migrate to the North Pole. 2 Which of the following plants catches its prey with its sticky hair? A Water lily B Venus fl ytrap C Balsam plant D Rose plant 3 The diagram below shows a group of buffaloes wallowing in the mud. Which of the following animals protects itself from the climate in the same way as buffaloes? A Goat C Deer B Zebra D Rhinoceros 4 The diagram below shows a few plants. P Q R S Which of the plants protect themselves by having fi ne hairs? A P and R C Q and R B Q and S D R and S 5 Which of the following features helps a rose plant grow without being eaten by animals? A Has latex B Has sharp thorns C Has long roots D Has fi ne hairs 6 Which of the following plants disperses its seeds through an explosive mechanism? A Rubber tree C Coconut tree B Cocoa tree D Angsana tree 7 The information below is about animal P. The number of animals P decreases because they are hunted and killed for their skin.
34 Primary 6 Hands-on Science (d) State one feature of the fruit of Plant X that attracts the animals to eat it. (1 mark) (e) Explain how the birds help to disperse the seeds of plant X. (2 marks) (f) State one feature of the seeds of plant X that allows them to be dispersed. (1 mark) 3 The diagram below shows four types of organisms in a habitat. Vegetable Snake Rabbit Eagle (a) Construct a food chain by using the above organisms. (2 marks) (b) (i) Name the producer. (1 mark) (ii) What is the process in which the producer makes its own food? (1 mark) (iii) Name the consumers in this habitat. (2 marks)
38 Primary 6 Hands-on Science Chapter 5 5.1 Effects of Force on Objects Force and Motion 1 State the effects of force based on the diagrams below. Before After Effect of the force (a) (b) (c) (d)
39 Chapter 5 Force and Motion 5.2 Types of Force 2 What is a frictional force? 3 Tick () the situations that involve frictional force. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) 4 Fill in the blanks on the advantages of friction based on the pictures below. (a) Friction allows things to move without . Before After Effect of the force (e)
42 Primary 6 Hands-on Science Which of the following is not the effect of force on the trolley? A The force changes the shape of the trolley. B The force changes the speed of the trolley. C The force stops the motion of the moving trolley. D The force changes the direction of motion of the moving trolley. 5 Why does the surface of a car tire have tread patterns? A To enable the car to brake during an emergency. B To increase the speed of the car. C To increase friction between the tire and the road. D To enable the car to change its direction of movement. 6 Anna notices that her grandfather often slips in the bathroom. Which of the following ways can prevent the incident from happening again? A Apply grease on the bathroom fl oor B Change the tiles in the bathroom C Put an anti-slip mat on the bathroom fl oor D Wear slippers in the bathroom 7 Which of the following situations involve gravitational force? I The basketball falls down after entering the loop. II The glass slips from the hand and falls to the ground. III The Moon revolves around the Earth. IV The rock rolls down the hill. A I and II B I, II and III C I, II and IV D I, II, III and IV 8 Which of the following shows magnetic force? A The movement of the needle in a compass to show the direction. B The use of a washing machine to wash clothes. C The use of a trolley in the supermarket. D The use of a slingshot to aim at metal cans on the wall. 9 Which of the following actions shows elastic force? A C B D 10 A ruler is rubbed with a cloth for a few minutes. When the ruler is brought near running tap water, the water bends towards the ruler. Which of the following forces is involved in this situation? A Magnetic force B Gravitational force C Elastic force D Electric force
43 Chapter 5 Force and Motion 1 The diagram shows a rolling football. Direction of motion (a) How do you change the direction of the rolling football? (b) What happens if the rolling football is kicked with a greater force in the same direction of its motion? (c) Explain your answer in 1(b). (d) The diagram below shows a piece of plasticine. (i) What happens to the plasticine after a force is exerted on it downwards? (ii) If a similar force is exerted on a sponge, would the condition of the sponge be similar to the plasticine? (iii) Explain your answer in 1(d)(ii). Subjective Questions Answer all the questions below.
45 Chapter 6 Sound and Its Properties Chapter 6 6.1 Production of Sound Sound and Its Properties 1 Fill in the blanks with the correct words. pinna vibrations oval window cochlea signals ossicles eardrum ear canal auditory nerve 6.2 How Sound Travels 2 The diagram below shows a tuning fork hitting a rubber bung. Tuning fork Rubber bung (a) The of an object produces sound that travels in a wave pattern. (g) The carries the signals to the brain. (c) The vibrates when the sound waves hit it. (e) The transfers the vibrations from the ossicles to the . (d) The amplify the vibrations and transfer them to the oval window. (b) The collects and transfers the sound waves to reach the eardrum through the . (f) The cochlea detects the vibrations and converts them to hearing .
46 Primary 6 Hands-on Science (a) Why can sound be heard when the tuning fork is placed near the ear? (b) What will happen if the tuning fork is placed in a glass of water immediately after it hits the rubber bung? (c) Explain your answer in 2(b). 3 The diagram shows a plastic ruler being pressed down at the edge of a table. (a) What is pitch? (b) What should we do to produce high-pitched sounds from the ruler? (c) The diagram shows a man using a jackhammer at a construction site. (i) What sound does the activity above produce? (ii) What is the unit for measuring the loudness of sounds? (iii) What is the effect of noise? (iv) How do we protect our ears from loud noise? 6.3 The Properties of Sound 6.4 Caring for Better Hearing Health
47 Chapter 6 Sound and Its Properties 1 Which of the following parts of the ear functions to amplify the vibrations that reach the eardrum? A Cochlea B Auditory nerve C Ossicles D Oval window 2 Which of the following parts of the ear changes sound energy into kinetic energy? A Eardrum B Ear canal C Auditory nerve D Oval window 3 Which of the following statements is true about sound? A Sound is a form of energy produced by the vibrations of objects. B Sound can travel through a vacuum. C Sound travels faster through gases than solids. D Sound travels faster through water than solids. 4 The diagram below shows a Native American putting his ear to the ground. Why does he do that? A He is praying. B He is searching for new ground to set up a tent. C He is listening to the sound of distant horses. D He is searching for his horse. 5 What would happen if the string on a guitar is tightened? A It will make a low-pitched sound. B It will make a high-pitched sound. C It will produce small vibrations. D It will produce a low frequency sound. Objective Questions Choose the best answer.
51 Chapter 7 &ODVVLƬFDWLRQRI0DWWHU Chapter 7 7.1 Pure Substances and Mixtures Classifi cation of Matter 1 Classify the following substances as pure substances or a mixture. If the substance is a pure substance, state whether it is an element or a compound. Substance Pure substance or mixture Element or compound Example: Water Pure substance Compound (a) Soil (b) Aluminium (c) Coffee (d) Nitrogen (e) Carbon dioxide (f) Pancake (g) Table salt (h) Iron (i) Ice cream (j) Egg (k) Oxygen (l) Milk (m) Air (n) Blood (o) Helium
52 Primary 6 +DQGVRQ6FLHQFH 2 Classify the following items as a homogeneous or a heterogeneous mixture. (a) Salad (b) Apple juice (c) Paint (d) Aluminium foil (e) Honey (f) Granola bar 3 Classify the following items into solutions, colloids or suspensions. (a) Fizzy drink: (b) Butter: (c) Oil and vinegar dressing: (d) Marshmallow: (e) Fruit jelly: (f) Coffee: (g) Muddy water: (h) Salt water: (i) Flour in water: 7.2 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures
53 Chapter 7 &ODVVLƬFDWLRQRI0DWWHU 1 Which of the following is a pure substance that is chemically combined by two or more elements? A Compound C Mixture B Particle D Matter 2 Which of the following shows that compounds are considered as pure substances? I They contain two or more elements. II The elements are chemically combined. III They form new substances. IV The original elements maintain their properties. A I and II B I, II and III C I, III and IV D II, III and IV 3 Which of the following shows the properties of mixtures? A The elements keep their original properties. B The elements react to form a new mixture with new properties. C The elements combine in a uniform number. D The elements change their states. 4 Which of the following items form a homogeneous mixture? I Black coffee II Sugar water III Mayonnaise IV Alcohol A I and II C II and III B I and III D II and IV 5 Azim is preparing orange juice from oranges and cereal with milk for breakfast. Which of the following statements best describes his breakfast meal? A The orange juice and cereal with milk are both homogeneous mixtures. B The orange juice is a mixture because the ingredients cannot be separated. C The cereal with milk is a heterogeneous mixture because the ingredients can be separated. D Both milk and orange juice are examples of homogeneous mixtures. Objective Questions Choose the best answer.
56 Primary 6 Hands-on Science Chapter 8 8.1 Rotation and Revolution of the Earth 8.2 Rotation and Phases of the Moon (a) P: (b) Q: (c) R: (d) S: (e) T: (f) U: (g) V: (h) W: Rotation of the Earth and the Moon 1 Based on the diagram, fi ll in the blanks with the correct answers. Phenomenon Description Duration (a) (i) (ii) The Earth rotates on its axis from the to the . (iii) hours (b) (i) (ii) The movement of the around the in an orbit. (iii) days 2 The diagram below shows the phases of the Moon. Name all the phases at the following positions. Axis Sun Orbit Earth Earth W P S Q T U Sun Sunlight V R
57 Chapter 8 Rotation of the Earth and the Moon 3 Draw the diagram to show the formation of the following eclipses. Show the correct positions of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon. (a) Solar eclipse (b) Lunar eclipse 8.3 Eclipses 1 Which of the following shows the direction of the Earth’s rotation correctly? A B C D 2 Why do some places on Earth experience four seasons? A Because the Sun rotates around the Earth B Because the Earth rotates around the Sun C Because of the tilt of the Sun on its axis D Because of the tilt of the Earth on its axis Objective Questions Choose the best answer.
60 Primary 6 Hands-on Science 2 The diagram below shows the phases of the Moon over a period of a time. Day 1 Day 3 Day 7 Day 11 Day X (a) What causes the phases of the Moon? (b) Name the phases of the Moon on day 3, day 7 and day 11. (i) Day 3: (iii) Day 11: (ii) Day 7: (c) Predict day X. (d) How many days does a complete cycle take? 3 The diagram below shows an experiment to show an astronomical phenomenon that occurrs occasionally. The table lamp represents the Sun, the tennis ball represents the Moon and the basketball represents the Earth. Table lamp Tennis ball String Basketball (a) What is the astronomical phenomenon shown in the diagram above? Explain you answer. (b) How would the sky look like when the phenomenon happens? Explain your answer. (c) Why does the phenomenon you mentioned in 3(b) last only for a few minutes?
Term Test 2 61 7HUP7HVW MARKS Section A (60 marks) Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer. 1 Which of the following shows the incorrect way of animals responding to hot weather? A Elephants fan themselves with big ears. B Cheetahs rest under big trees. C Hippopotamuses rest in the rivers. D Rats pant during hot weather. 2 The diagram below shows a type of whale. Why does this animal travel thousands of kilometers away to a colder place in summer? A To fi nd its mother B To fi nd a new habitat C To fi nd food D To mate 3 Which of the following characteristics might help a plant to protect itself from being eaten? A Long roots B Thorny stem C Pinnate leaves D Seeds with hooks 4 The diagram below shows how a coconut tree disperses its seeds. Which of the following is not an adaptation by the coconut tree to disperse its seeds through the above method? A Has hooks C Waterproof B Light D Able to fl oat 5 The diagram below shows bacteria and fungi. What are the similarities of these organisms? A They are producers. B They are carnivores. C They are decomposers. D They are herbivores.
66 Primary 6 Hands-on Science 1 The diagram below shows a mudskipper on a rock in the mangrove. (a) How can the mudskipper breathe on land? (2 marks) (b) What is the other aquatic organism that has the same features as the mudskipper? (1 mark) (c) What is the structural adaptation of the mudskipper that helps it to move on land? (1 mark) 2 The diagram below shows the organisms found in an oil palm plantation. Owl Grasshopper Snake Rat Bird (a) How many consumers are there in this habitat? (1 mark) (b) List out two food chains in this habitat. (2 marks) (i) (ii) Section B (40 marks) Answer all the questions in the space provided.