Vedanta Let's Log in Computer-3 Final (2078)

- File Menu: It displays a menu with different options.
- Tab: Collection of different related groups in it.
- Font Group: Collection of font related commands
- Close Button: It is used to close the WordPad program
- Cursor: We place on the paper to start typing
- Typing Area: It is the place where you type your

document.
- Ruler: It shows the width of page.

Typing Text on WordPad
You can type letters, stories, or poems in the typing area
of WordPad window.

Selecting the text in WordPad

You need to select the text or paragraph to change its font,
size or color.

Step 1: Bring the mouse pointer before the text from
where you want to select.

Step 2: Click and drag the mouse to the place up to where
you want to select text.

Step 3: Release the mouse.

51 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Changing the text style (font)
Step 1: Select the required text.
Step 2: Click on the Font family drop down list.

Step 3: Choose the desire2d font from the list.

Now the text style of your selected text is changed as shown below:

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 52

Adding effects to the text
We can apply 3 different effects.

B BOLD It makes the text darker.

I (Italic) – It presents the text in slanted way.

U (Underline) – Underlines the text.

Step 1: Select the text.
Step 2: Click on Bold bu on in Font group.
Step 3: Click on Italic bu on in Font group.
Step 4: Click on Underline bu on in Font group.

53 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Changing text size and color
We can easily change the size and color of the text in WordPad.
Step 1: Select the text.
Step 2: Click on the font size and select the size.
Step 3: Click on the color and choose the color you like.

Closing the WordPad Program 3

Step 1: Click on File Menu.

Step 2: Click on Exit.

A Save dialog box will appear on the screen.

Step 3: Click on Don’t
Save bu on.

You will learn how to
save your file in next
class.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 54

We can also close the WordPad program by clicking the Close
button on the top right of the WordPad window.

Main Points to Remember

- WordPad is a text-edi ng program.
- We use WordPad to type le ers, stories, and poems.
- There are three different effects: Bold, Italic and Underline.
- We need to select the text before changing the style.
- We use different commands of Font Group to change the style

of text.
- We click on File menu and click on Exit to close the WordPad

program.

55 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

EXERCISE

1. Complete the crossword given below.
ACROSS
2 Name of menu in WordPad
4 Place to start typing
5 Collec on of different groups
DOWN
1 Shows the width of page
3 Name of a group in WordPad
4 Name of the bu on on the top-right of WordPad window

2
3

4

5

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 56

2. Choose and write the correct answer.

a. _____________ is a text-edi ng program. (WordPad/Le erPad)

b. We use _____________ menu to close the WordPad program.
(Home/File)

c. We find the Close bu on at top _____________ side of WordPad
window. (le /right)

d. _____________ makes the text darker.(Italics/Underline/Bold)

e. We have to _____________ the text before changing style. (remove/
select)

3. Color the right circle:

a) WordPad is a typing so ware.

b) We cannot change the size of text on
WordPad.

c) We can change the color of text in
WordPad.

d) Don’t forget to select the text before
changing the text style.

e) There are two different types of text
effects: Bold and Underline.

57 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

4. Your friend wants to change the text style (font) in
WordPad. The different steps to change the text style are
given below. The steps are jumbled up. Help your friend
by numbering the steps in the correct order.

i) Choose font from the list

ii) Select the required text

iii) Click on the Font family list

5. Rearrange the jumbled words and match with those
words in the right column.

i) LEFI BOLD

ii) NFTO ITALICS

iii) ELSCO UNDERLINE

iv) OBDL FONT

v) NDELINEUR FILE

vi) CIASLTI CLOSE

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 58

6. Match the following: Group B

Group A U

i. Bold ×
ii. Font
iii. Italic Times New Roman

iv. Close B
v. Underline
I

7. Write down the name of three text effects.
a)

b)

c)

59 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

LAB Ac vi es

1. Go to your computer lab. Run WordPad Program. Looking
at the WordPad window label the below figure.

WordPad Window

2. Open WordPad and type a few sentences. Also add
different effects as shown in the below figure.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 60

a) Open WordPad and type your favourite foods and apply different
colors and size.

b) Open WordPad and type as shown in the figure below.

61 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Lesson Operating System

7

The so ware that controls the opera on of computer is called
Opera ng System. It is also called an OS. Without Opera ng
System, we cannot run any program in our computer. We also
cannot do any work in computer without opera ng system.
Some popular names of Opera ng System are:

Like computer, our smartphones also have opera ng systems.
Some popular opera ng systems of smartphones are iOS
(iPhone), Nougat (Android), etc.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 62

Windows Opera ng System

Windows is a very popular opera ng system. This opera ng system is
developed by Microso . Windows provides a user-friendly pla orm so
that we can use computer very easily.
The latest version of Windows Opera ng System is Windows 10. However,
Windows 7 is also being used nowadays in many computers.

Some Parts of Windows Opera ng System:

DESKTOP

Desktop is the ini al screen that appears a er loading your opera ng
system. You can find different icons, folders, and menus on the desktop.

Windows 10 Desktop

Desktop Icons

The small-labelled pictures on the desktop are called Icons. Examples of
icons that are seen on the desktop are This PC, Recycle Bin, Documents,
etc. These icons allow you to open files and programs on your computer.

63 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Desktop Icons
Start Bu on

Documents Desktop Icon This PC Desktop Icon

Part of a Windows 10 Desktop

Start Button

You can find the Start Bu on on the bo om le of your screen. You can
click on Start Bu on to display start menu. You can see the list of different
so ware and applica ons installed on your computer.

Why do we need an Opera ng System?
- It manages computer hardware like CPU, Memory, Hard disk, etc.

- It allows you to communicate with computer.

- Computer is useless without an opera ng system.

- It acts as a manager of computer system.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 64

Main Points to Remember

- Opera ng System (OS) controls the opera on of
computer.

- Some examples of Opera ng System are Windows 7,
Windows 10, Mac OS, Android Nougat, Linux, etc.

- Windows Opera ng System is developed by Microso .

- The latest version of Windows Opera ng System is
Windows 10.

- Desktop is the ini al screen that appears a er loading
your opera ng system.

- The small labelled pictures on the desktop are called
Icons.

65 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

EXERCISE

1. Complete the crossword given below.
ACROSS
3 Small-labelled pictures on the desktop
5 Name of Opera ng System of iPhone
7 Developer of Windows Opera ng System

DOWN
1 The ini al screen of Windows Opera ng System
2 Name of Android Opera ng System for Smart Phones
4 The name of bu on found in bo om le part of screen
6 An example of Opera ng System
8 Short form of Opera ng System

12

34

5

6 8
7

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 66

2. Choose and write the correct answer:
a) The Opera ng System .............................the opera on of a
computer. (communicates, controls)
b) The latest Opera ng System of Microso is .............................
(Windows 10, Windows 12)
c) ............................. is the ini al screen of that appears a er loading
opera ng system. (Start Bu on, Desktop)
d) An example of Smart Phone’s Opera ng System is
......................... (Linux, Nougat)
e) The small labeled pictures on the desktop are called
............................ (Icons, Bu ons)

3. Color the right circle:
a) Our computer is useless without an
opera ng system.

b) Windows 10 opera ng system is developed
by Google.

c) iOS is used in iPhone.

d) Opera ng system is a manager of computer
system.

e) Documents is an example of Desktop Icons
found in Windows OS.

67 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

4. Answer the following questions:
A) Write down any two examples of opera ng system.

I. …………………………………………………
II. …………………………………………………
B) Write down any two uses of an opera ng system.

I. ………………………………………………………………………………….
II. ………………………………………………………………………………….

Ac vi es

1. Note down the items that you would see on your
desktop.

A: ___________________________________

B: ___________________________________

C: ___________________________________

D: ___________________________________

2. Start your computer and wait for the desktop
to appear. Draw a figure of your Desktop with
different items and label them.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 68

Lesson Word Processor

8

You have already learnt how to type on Notepad and WordPad. These are
the programs for typing text and le ers. In this chapter, we will learn more
about how to type and make le ers a rac ve using a type of so ware
called word processor. In word processor, you can type your notes,
messages, le ers, and so many other things. They are called documents.

What is Word Processor?
A word processor is a type of so ware that is used to type le ers and
format them in an a rac ve way. We can also save our documents using
word processor. Some examples of word processor are:

Microso Word Google Docs Libre Office Writer

Let’s explore Microso word now!!!

Microso (MS) Word
Microso Word is a word processing applica on. It helps you to type
le ers, poems, stories, essays, reports, etc. Typing the text using a word
processor is known as Word Processing.

69 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Some of the uses of MS-Word are:

- To make ques on papers.
- To make report cards.
- To write essays, poems, stories, etc.
- To write project reports.
- To make gree ng cards and posters.

How to Open MS-Word?

Step 1: On the Windows desktop, click on the Search Windows icon.
Step 2: Find the Windows Search Box.
Step 3: In the search box, type word.
Step 4: Click on the Word op on in the search results.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 Click here to run MS-Word
Search Windows

Windows Search Box
70

Alterna ve method to Run MS-Word

¾ Press Windows Key and R at the same me.
¾ Run window appears.
¾ Type ‘winword’ as shown in the figure alongside.
¾ Finally Click on OK bu on.

Some important parts of MS Word Screen.
Maximize Bu on
Title Bar

Home Tab Minimize Bu on

File Tab

Font Group Close Bu on
Working Area Ribbon

Cursor

Microso Word Screen

71 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Title Bar: It is on top of the screen. It displays the name of your document.
File Tab: It is at the top le side of the screen. On clicking this bu on, you
can use several commands such as New, Open, Save, Print etc.
Ribbon: It is found just below the tle bar. It has several tabs such as
Home, Insert etc.
Home Tab:It contains several groups such as Font, Paragraph etc.
Working area: It is the place where you type, edit and format your text.

Crea ng a New Document

If you want to start new work, you need to create a new document on
MS- Word. For this, follow the steps below:
Step 1:Click on File tab.
Step 2: Select New op on.
Step 3: Select Blank document.
Step 4: Click on Create bu on.
Now, the new document appears on the screen.

Step 1 Step 3

Step 2

Step 4

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 72

Typing Text on MS – Word

You can type text on MS-Word using Keyboard. Just open a new file and
start typing as below:

Changing style of your text

Font
You and your friends’ handwri ng are not same, right? In the same way,
you can also change the font of your text on MS-Word in different ways.
Font is the style of characters. You can choose a desired font for your text.

Font Color
You can apply different colors for your text. Font color is the color which
you apply to your text.

Font Size
You can change the size of your text. Font size is the size of characters you
choose for your text. See the word “Computer” typed in different size,
font, and color.

73 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Selec ng Text
To change font, font color or font size, you need to select your text which
you want to change. To select the desired text, follow the given steps:
Step 1: Place the cursor before the text you want to select.
Step 2: Click on the le bu on of your mouse and keep clicking, drag

your mouse over the text to be selected.
Step 3: Release the mouse bu on.

Selected text

Change Font, Font Color, and Font Size

Let’s prac ce how to change font, font
color, and size of your text. You have to use
the commands in Font group of Home tab.

Font Group
Note: You need to select your text before doing any task.

a) Change Font

Step 1: A er selec ng the text, click on the drop down arrow of
Font.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 74

Step 2: Select the desired font from the Font list.
Step 3: Now, you will see your text in new font.

b) Change Font Size

Step 1: A er selec ng the text, click the drop down arrow of Font
Size.

Step 2: Select the desired size from the Font Size list.

Step 3: Now, you will see your text in new size.

75 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

c) Change Font Color

Step 1: A er selec ng the text, click the drop down arrow of Font
Color.

Step 2: Select the desired color from the Font Color pale e.

Step 3: Now, you will see your text in new color.

Step 1

Step 2

Saving your document
Step 1

A er typing text and changing

its font, color and size, you Step 2
need to save it to use in future.

The text you saved with a name

is called a File.

Follow the below steps to
save your file.

Step 1: Click on the File tab.

Step 2: Select Save op on.The Save As dialog box will open.

Step 3:Type “computer” as file name.

Step 4: Click on Save bu on.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 76

Note: Your file will be saved in the folder “Documents”.

Opening your document

You can open your saved file from hard disk of

computer. Follow the given steps to open your file.
Step 1: Click on the File tab.

Step 2: Select Open op on.
The Open dialog box will open.

Step 3: Choose the folder
where your file was saved.

Step 4:Double click on the file Step 1
to open it.

Step 2

77 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Step 3 Step 4

Closing your document

Follow the given steps to
close your document.

Step 1: Click on the File tab.
Step 2: Click on Close op on.

Note: You will be asked to save your document if it is not saved.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 78

Closing MS-Word Step 1

You have to close the MS-Word
program, a er you complete your
work. To exit from MS-Word, follow
the below steps:
Step 1: Click on the File tab.
Step 2: Click on Exit op on.

Or
You can click on the Close bu on on
the top right side of MS-Word Window.

Close bo om

Step 2

Main Points to Remember NTC

- A word processor is a type of so ware that is used to type
le ers and format them in an a rac ve way.

- MS-Word is an example of word processor.

- Microso Word is a word processing applica on.

- Font is the style of characters.

- Microso Word, Google Docs, and LibreOffice Writer are
some examples of Word Processor.

- To display Run Window, press on Windows key and R at the
same me.

- Some important parts of MS-Word screen are Title Bar, File
Tab, Ribbon, Home Tab, and Working Area.

- The work we save using MS-Word is called a document.

- Typing the text using a word processor is known as Word
Processing.

79 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

EXERCISE

1. Choose and write the correct answer:
a) A type of so ware used to type le ers and format them is a
............................. (Word Processor, Word Processing)

b) ............................. is an example of a Word Processor. (Microso
Paint, Microso Word)

c) One use of MS-Word is to ............................. (add numbers, make
ques on papers)

d) To display Run window, press on ......................... key and R at the
same me (Ctrl, Windows)

e) To create a new document, we have to click on ........................... tab.
(Home, File)

f) To exit from MS-Word applica on, click on ......................... op on of
File tab. (Exit, Close)

2. Do you know, Who I am?
Select the names from the following list:

[ File Tab, Home Tab, Working Area, Title Bar, Ribbon ]

a) The name of your document is displayed on me. I am
.............................

b) I have several commands such as New, Open, Save, Print, etc. I am
.............................

c) I have several tabs such as Home, Insert, etc. I am .............................

d) I have several groups such as Font, Paragraph, etc. I am
.............................

e) I am the place where you type and edit your text. I am
.............................

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 80

3. Colour the right circle:

a) Google Docs is an example of Word
Processor.

b) We can add and subtract the numbers in
MS-Word.

c) Title bar is at the top of the MS-Word
window.

d) Font size is the size of MS-Word screen.

e) Font Color is the color of text you type in
MS-Word.

f) You need to select the text before changing
its size.

4. Answer the following questions:

I. Give any two examples of word processor.
a) …………………………………………………
b) …………………………………………………

II. Write down the name of any two fonts.
a) …………………………………………………
b) …………………………………………………

III. Write down the name of any two tabs of MS-Word Ribbon.
a) …………………………………………………
b) …………………………………………………

81 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Ac vi es

1. Write down the steps of saving your MS-Word document in computer.

Step 1: ____________________________________________________

Step 2: ____________________________________________________

Step 3: ____________________________________________________

Step 4: ____________________________________________________
2. Go to your computer lab. Run MS-Word and label the following parts

of MS-Word screen.

Microso Word Screen

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 82

3. Search the words below from the given puzzle word and apply color
also.

[ RIBBON FONT CLOSE APPLICATION FILE
DOCUMENT
MAXIMIZE CURSOR EXIT HOME ]
D XW
OS J R I BBO NDC
CUR
UKO A NBKF ONT
MAX
EZL S ORA I H LE
N VN
T AM D P SCL OSE
APP
I MI ZE MNC

M VONX E EU

R GKD I DBL

W V KB T Q YV

L I CAT I ON

Lab Ac vity

1. Create a document in MS-Word as in the format below:

Font Size: 24 Font Size: 24
Font: Arial Black
Font Size: 22
Font Size: 26 Font Color: Red
Font: Verdana
Font Color Green

83 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

2. Type the poem in MS-Word as format below and save it under your
name.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 84

Lesson

9 Starting with LOGO

Computer does not do anything on its own. It requires proper instruc ons
to do any work. We give instruc ons through computer program.
So, computer program is a set of instruc ons given to computer to do any
work. We can use computer language to write computer programs.
Computer language is a special language which is used to communicate
to computers. Some common computer languages are LOGO, QBASIC, C,
Java, etc. You can also learn a computer language and make programs.
Wri ng instruc ons using a computer language is called programming.

The LOGO programming language

LOGO is a simple computer language, specially designed for children.
Now, you are going to learn how to make computer programs using
LOGO. Using LOGO, you can draw figures, type text, and perform simple
calcula ons.

Star ng MSLOGO

MSWLogo is a LOGO so ware that you can use in Microso Windows.
The steps of start MSWLogo are:

Step 1: On the Windows desktop, click on the Search Windows icon.

Step 2: Find the Windows Search Box.

Step 3: In the search box, type logo.

Step 4: Click on the Microso Windows LOGO op on in the search

results.

85 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Click here to run
LOGO

Windows Search Box

Search

The MSWLogo screen

Once you run LOGO, MSWLogo Screen will appear. This Logo Screen has

two parts: Main Screen and Commander Window.

MSWLogo Main Screen

Head

Turtle

Tail

MSWLogo Main Screen

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 86

The Main Screen is also called Drawing Area or
Graphic Screen. This is the area where you
draw figure.The triangle shape shown at the
center of the screen is called Turtle. The turtle
Turtle represents a cursor in LOGO. It shows the
posi on on the screen where process your
data.
The home posi on of the turtle is the center of the screen. The top of
turtle is known as head and the bo om part is known as tail.
The turtle moves on screen according to the instruc ons given to it. These
instruc ons are called commands or primi ves.
You use a pencil or a pen to draw on paper. Similarly,Turtle also carries a
pen. When the turtle moves on the screen according to your instruc ons,
it draws a line.

MSWLogoCommander Window

Recall Control
List Box Bu ons

Command MSWLogo Commander Window
Input Box

Commander Window is available under the main screen. It is used for
typing commands. It also has two parts: Command Input Box and Recall
List Box.

a. Command Input Box

In the Command Input Box, we type all the LOGO commands. We run
theses commands by pressing Enter key or Execute bu on.

b. Recall List Box

This grey box records all the commands
that are executed from command input
box. You can click any command in the list
box to copy it into Input Box. You can also
double click on any command to execute directly from the Recall List Box.

87 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Some Control Bu ons on the Commander Window

You can find some control bu ons on the right side of
the commander window. You can use them to perform
different tasks.

A. Reset Bu on:

It resets the LOGO output screen.

B. Execute Bu on:

It runs or executes a LOGO command.

Entering MSWLogo Commands
¾ Click inside the input box
¾ Type FD 80 (FD is the short form for FORWARD).
¾ Press ENTER to execute the command.
¾ Now type RT 90 (RT is the short form for RIGHT)
¾ Press Enter again.
¾ You will see the movement of turtle on screen.

Closing MSWLogo
Method 1:
Click inside the input box
Type BYE and press Enter key or click on Execute bu on.

Method 2:
On the Menu Bar, Click on File Menu.
Click on Exit.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 88

Main Points to Remember

- LOGO is a computer language.

- LOGO has a turtle. We have to give command to move the
turtle.

- The top part of the turtle is known as the head and the bo om
part is known as the tail.

- The LOGO screen has two parts: Main Screen and Commander
Window.

- The Main Screen is the area where pictures are drawn.

- The Commander Window is the area where commands are
typed and executed.

- We type command in the Command Input Box.

- We press Enter key or click on Execute bu on so that turtle
follows our commands.

- Reset bu on on the Commander Window resets the LOGO
screen.

- We use BYE command to close MSWLogo.

EXERCISE

1. Choose and write the correct answer:

a) LOGO is a .............................language. (Nepali, Computer)

b) LOGO has a .............................. (Pointer, Turtle)

c) The top of turtle is called ............................. (head, tail)

d) The .............................is the area where the Turtle move. (Main
Screen, Commander Window)

e) LOGO is developed for ............................. . (adult, children)

89 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

2. Color the right circle:

a) The shape of Turtle is square.

b) The home posi on of the turtle is at the
center of screen.

c) The bo om part of the Turtle is called Head.

d) The main screen is also called the
commander window.

e) We have to type EXIT to close the MSWLogo
window.

f) The Logo screen is divided into two parts.

3. Answer the following questions:

a) What is programming?

Ans: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

b) What is LOGO?

Ans: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 90

c) What is Turtle?

Ans: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Complete the crossword given below.

ACROSS
1 It looks like a triangle.
3 A control bu on to reset the LOGO screen.
7 A command to close the MSWLogo window.
8 The shape of a turtle.

DOWN
1 The bo om part of the Turtle.
2 A control bu on to run command.
4 A key needed to press to run command.
5 The top of Turtle.
6 A name of computer language.

12

34

56

78

91 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Ac vity

1. Write the step number star ng from 1 to 5 in the given circles at
right side to run MSWLogo.

¾ The MSWLogo window will appear.

¾ Click on all programs.

¾ Click on START bu on.

¾ Select ‘Microso Windows LOGO’ on the submenu and click.

¾ Go to ‘Microso Windows Logo’.
1. Label the below MSWLogo Screen:

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 92

2. Type the following commands in MSWLogo and see the output.
FD 60
RT 90
FD 60
RT 90
FD 60
RT 90
FD 60
RT 90

93 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Lesson Moving the Turtle

10

In the previous chapter, we have learnt what LOGO is. In LOGO
programming, we can draw by making the turtle move around. When it
moves, it draws a line behind.
We move this LOGO turtle in different direc ons using the LOGO
commands in the graphic window of the LOGO screen.

Some basic LOGO commands:

A command is an order or instruc on that is followed by computer to
perform a task. There are many commands we can give to the turtle in
the LOGO program to draw different shapes. These commands are also
called primi ves.

We have to write command correctly. Let’s read some rules of LOGO
commands:

- The turtle (') will move in the direc on where its head points.

- Don’t forget to write steps a er the command.

- Type a space between the command and number of steps.

- Always press on Enter or click on Execute bu on to run your
command.

- You can type either the complete command or the short form of the
command (FORWARD or FD)

- You can type command either in capital or small le ers.

Let’s learn how to move the turtle forward, backward, le , and right.

vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3 94

Moving Forward

Command: FD or FORWARD
Step 1:Type FD or FORWARD
Step 2: Press on spacebar once
Step 3: Type the number of steps (for e.g. 100)
Step 4: Press Enter Key or Click on Execute bu on.

Output:
The turtle moves forward by 100 steps and
draws a line behind.

Moving Backward

Command:BK or BACKWARD
Step 1: Type BK or BACKWARD
Step 2: Press on spacebar once
Step 3: Type the on number of steps (for e.g. 100)
Step 4: Press on Enter Key or Click on Execute
bu on.

Output:
The turtle moves backward by 100 steps drawing
a line.

Turning Right

Command: RT or RIGHT
Step 1: Type RT or RIGHT
Step 2: Press on spacebar once
Step 3: Enter any number between 0 and 360. (for
e.g. 90)
Step 4: Press on Enter key or Click on Execute
bu on.

Output:
The turtle takes a right turn.

95 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Note: Check what will happen if you execute the command “RT 360.”

Turning Le

Command: LT or LEFT
Step 1: Type LT or LEFT
Step 2: Press on spacebar once
Step 3: Enter any number between 0 and 360. (eg.
90)
Step 4: Press on Enter Key or Click on Execute bu on.

Output:
The turtle takes a le turn.

Task for you: Try different values with right and le command and watch
the head of turtle turning by different degrees in the direc on you want
to move it.

Clear the Screen

Command: CS
Step 1: First you have to draw at
least a line.
Step 2: Type CS
Step 3: Press on Enter Key or Click
on Execute bu on.

Output:
Whatever you had drawn on the screen is erased. It brings the turtle back
to the centre of screen.

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Bring the Turtle back Home

Command: HOME
Step 1: First draw anything.
Step 2: Type HOME
Step 3: Press on Enter Key or Click on Execute bu on.

Output:
Wherever the turtle is on the screen, it comes back
to the centre of screen. Remember it draws a line
while coming to the home posi on.

Prac ce Time:
Type the following commands and see the output in MSWLogo.
FD 50
RT 90
FD 50
RT 90
FD 50
LT 90
FD 50
RT 90
FD 50
RT 90
FD 90

Summary of Basic LOGO Commands

Command Work

FORWARD or FD Moves the turtle forward

BACKWARD or BK Moves the turtle backward

RIGHT or RT Turns the turtle right

LEFT or LT Turns the turtle le
CS Clear the screen
HOME Brings the turtle at the center of screen

97 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

Main Points to Remember

- We can draw different shapes in LOGO by moving the Turtle.
- LOGO commands are also called primi ves.
- The commands can be typed either in small or capital le ers.
- We have to type the number of steps the turtle has to move.

EXERCISE

1. Color the right circle:
a) Turtle has three parts.

b) The LOGO commands are called primi ves.

c) RT command moves the turtle forward.

d) CS command clears the LOGO screen.

e) LT command rotates the head of turtle to
le .

2. Write the LOGO commands to do the following
tasks:

a) Move forward 75 steps.
……………………………………………………………………………………

b) Take a le turn by 90°.
……………………………………………………………………………………

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c) Move backward 60 steps.

……………………………………………………………………………………

d) Take a right by 45°.

……………………………………………………………………………………

e) Bring the turtle to the center of screen.

……………………………………………………………………………………

f) Clear the screen.

……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Match the following:

Group A Group B

i. FD a. Turns the turtle right

ii. LT b. Moves the turtle forward

iii. CS c. Moves the turtle backward

iv. BK d. Clear the screen

v. RT e. Turns the turtle le

ACTIVITY

1. Try the following commands on your computer. Draw the result in the
boxes clearly, showing the final posi on of the turtle.

99 vedanta Let's Log in (A course in Computer Science) Book 3

2. Try the following commands on your computer. Draw the result in the
boxes, clearly showing the final posi on of the turtle.

II. RT 30

FD 70

RT 120

FD 70

RT 120

FD 70

III. FD 60
RT 90
FD 100
RT 90
FD 60
RT 90
FD 100
HOME

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