FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS BPE20803 HOUSING SYSTEM AND DEVELOPMENT SECTION 2 SEMESTER 1 2022/2023 LECTURER: DR. INDERA SYAHRUL BIN MAT RADZUAN GROUP MEMBERS : NO NAME MATRIX NUMBER 1 EZRIL FAIREEZ BIN MOHAMAD SUFAWI AP 210376 2 KHAIRUL SYAULEE BIN KHAIRUL AZHAR AP 210055 3 MOHAMAD AMIRUL AKMAL BIN HAMIDAN AP 210170 4 MOHAMMAD NAZRUL ASYRAF BIN MOHD SALEH AP 210146 5 MUHAMMAD AMAL HAZIQ BIN KHAIRUDIN AP 210252 6 MUHAMAD AKMAL BIN ISMAIL AP 210139 7 NUR AS SYIFA BINTI HAIRI AP 210140 8 RAIHANA AQILAH BINTI HAMIDI AP 210172 9 AQILAH FARHANAH BINTI M ABDUL RAZAK AP 210168
TABLE OF CONTENT 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................1 2.0 THE NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY (DRN 2018-2025) ..........................................3 3.0 INSTITUTION FRAMEWORK....................................................................................5 4.0 HOUSING ISSUES AT TAMAN MANIS, PARIT RAJA...........................................6 4.1 ENVIRONMENT.........................................................................................................6 4.2 ECONOMY...................................................................................................................7 4.3 SOCIAL.........................................................................................................................8 5.0 IMPROVEMENT ............................................................................................................9 5.1 ENVIRONMENT.........................................................................................................9 5.2 ECONOMY.................................................................................................................11 5.3 SOCIAL.......................................................................................................................13 6.0 CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................................15 7.0 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................16 APPENDIX A .......................................................................................................................17 APPENDIX B .......................................................................................................................18
1 1.0 INTRODUCTION In this era of globalization, creativity and innovation are needed by all walks of life, especially jobs that involve decorating homes, creating plans, or working on landscapes for residential or urban areas. Creativity and innovation are needed not only in the field of art but also in fields such as business, manufacturing, technology, medicine, administration, education, and even defense. This creativity and innovation can be used in three ways, such as by using the thought process, a group of personal characteristics of an individual, such as personality, and the results that will be given as examples of products or goods made. As a result, creativity and innovation are regarded as both the cause of the process in the production of products or goods based on creativity and innovation and as an effect or end result, ensuring that the product or goodsproduced are of high quality and function properly in accordance with their specifications and suitability. The development of a residential area is also closely related to creativity and innovation. This is because, in order to build a settlement, the developer needs to think rationally before the construction is carried out. Developers also need to have a system before creating a project and consider all things and possibilities that may happen in the future. For example, the location of the construction of a residential area needs a strategy where there are various facilities in terms of public service facilities and providing other facilities in the residential area. In addition, innovation in the pattern of the house is needed according to the current situation. This consideration can have a big impact on a housing developer. Additionally, developers are unable to take any actions at their discretion; instead, they must adhere to the regulations and guidelines established by the government. Home is a basic human need for every individual. Although individual income levels are different, everyone needs to have a home. Home can be defined as a place to take shelter, regardlessof whether it is shelter from humans, shelter from the sun's rays, or shelter during rain. Usually a house will be built in an area, and it is called housing. Housing is a space or area where an individual or family can live that complies with certain federal laws and varies by age, family size,and geographic area. In addition, a house is also an asset that can be invested in and provides a lotof returns, such as through rental houses and homestays. In Malaysia, the housing sector is an indicator of the
2 economic empowerment of the population. This is because the priority of nationalpolicy is to meet the housing needs of all citizens. Housing is an important component of wealth because it indirectly affects the welfare of all people through a better living environment. In the 1970s, the urbanization process got under way. Urbanization is a result of population increase and economic changes. The building industry is essential to Malaysia's economy in order to provide additional housing options for Malaysians. When the service industry and other sectors, like the construction sector, are combined, prosperity may be created in the nation. The degree of income and amenities offered in a location are only a couple of the variables that influence the housing market in Malaysia. A person may also find the location of a piece of property, such as a house, to be appealing. Because it will make life more convenient for them while they are living there, location is significant to a person. In contrast, housing communities located close to workplaces and educational institutions Following this decision will result in numerous educational amenities, which will increase the developer's profit because of the developed settlement's advantageous position. The aspect that most affects a Malaysian citizen's decision to buy a home is their ability, which serves as a benchmark for all citizens. This is due to the fact that a person's capacity to purchase a home varies depending on their income level. It may also be used as a gauge to assess how developed or backward a nation is.
3 2.0 THE NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY (DRN 2018-2025) In order to address existing housing difficulties, the National Housing Policy (DRN 2018- 2025) is designed to provide specific policy and action plans for the years 2018 through 2025. It acts as a catalyst and national framework for housing development at the Federal and State levels in the methodical provision of housing and in accordance with housing demand and requirements. The (DRN 2018-2025) aims to steer and advance the country's housing sector by focusing on planning, development, and systematic and effective housing management to create a sustainable, livable, high quality and inclusive habitat that the people can afford. There are five objectives of the National Housing Policy: i. Provide a framework for the development of the housing sector to assist the governmentand the private sector in providing housing based on the demands and needs of everylayer of society. ii. To encourage economic growth and the provision of habitable habitats, the housing sector's involvement in conurbation management should be strengthened. iii. To encourage economic growth and the provision of habitable habitats, the housing sector's involvement in conurbation management should be strengthened. iv. Encourage both rental and ownership housing access for different households. v. Putting a focus on creating and maintaining high-quality housing that the general publiccan afford.
4 Next, in the latest National Housing Policy (DRN 2018 – 2025), there are five focuses to achieve in the housing sector development which are:- 5 Focus of National Housing Policy [ DRN (2018 - 2025)]
5 3.0 INSTITUTION FRAMEWORK Malaysia's three levels of government are federal, state, and local. In line with its commitment to "shelter for all", the government will work to guarantee that everyone has the opportunity to buy or rent a home. In addition, there is still a lack of housing for low-income families with a monthly income below RM2,500. To create affordable housing for sale and rent, the public and private sectors must work together, especially for low-income families, people with disabilities, single parents, and the elderly. In addition, the private sector must provide more modestly priced homes to meet the needs of the middle-income group, which consists of low-income households that can afford affordable homes. The main goal of the government's housing policy is to provide houses to low and middle-income households through various delivery methods that include basic needs such as electricity, water, roads, and sanitary facilities. In order to create an integrated and sustainable human settlement, various community services must be drawn to the area and facilitated to develop. To achieve these goals, the government works with other stakeholders in the industry. The principal contractor and any additional selected subcontractors, the number of whom may vary depending on the size and complexity of the project, will make up the housing chain's builders. The builders or contractors will be chosen through a tendering process after the building blueprints have been authorized. The role of the builder is defined by the developer's contract with the builder. He is responsible for completing the building project on schedule and in compliance with the terms of the contract. The builder is in charge of ensuring that he has sufficient staff and materials to finish the project on time and in line with the contract's terms. The government also makes recommendations and laws to encourage the development and implementation of orderly housing. Among the basic criteria regarding fiscal prudence and discipline is the use of the Housing Development Account, which ensures that all loan disbursements comply with the prescribed use, and environmental protection standards and laws.
6 4.0 HOUSING ISSUES AT TAMAN MANIS, PARIT RAJA 4.1 ENVIRONMENT As a result of the interviews that were carried out, there are several issues about the environment. The stray dog problem was the first issue that surfaced in the residential neighborhood of Taman Manis, which had previously been problem-free. This dog population is growing since more people are letting their pets outside. Consequently, the number of stray dogs living in the residential neighborhoods surrounding the crime scene continues to rise. The increase in the number of stray dogs in the neighborhood around this housing complex makes the people who live there feel uneasy. Stray dogs are a big source of trouble in the area because they are always there and because they fight and bark all night. According to him, the stray dog not only dug through garbage cans to find something to eat but also messed up the area around it. While conducting this study, a past problem was resolved in this area of Taman Manis, which is the problem of odor caused by the chicken farm close to the residential area. The stench problem caused by the chicken farm makes the residents there uncomfortable. This stench will be worse when it rains. This smell is also caused by the chicken manure waste channeled into the ditch close to the housing. The ditch water will turn black and smell bad after the operator washes the chicken coop and throws it directly into it. The pollution is claimed to be caused by chicken farming that uses a closed system because the cleaning water of the cages, mixed with excrement, is directly channeled into ditches and rivers without treatment. At the same time, residents face the problem of fly attacks due to the chicken farming activities that are carried out. Residents were not comfortable with the smell and fly attack problems experienced at that time.
7 4.2 ECONOMY As a result of interviews and field work done, residents in Taman Manis face several economic-related issues. The passage of time causes an extreme increase in house prices, especially in the study area, which is Taman Manis. According to Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), only 76 percent of households in Malaysia have an income of less than RM8,333 per month, which means they can only afford houses worth up to RM300,000. However, only 36 percent of the newly launched housing units are priced at less than RM300,000. In addition, people's incomes grow more slowly than house prices: from 2014 to 2020, the growth rate for incomes increased by only 2.1 percent while house prices grew by 4.1 percent. This causes people to have to take out loans to own a house, and they will be burdened with high debts. Not only that, it is also related to house prices in Taman Manis, which local residents say are increasing in line with the uncertain economic changes. Next, the economic issue faced by residents in Taman Manis is regarding residential areas that are not suitable for doing business activities. Business activities that can bring additional income to the residents of Taman Manis cannot be carried out in the relatively narrow and limited area of the park. This causes the residents of Taman Manis to lack support resources, which will reduce their purchasing power and thus affect the individual's economy. The next economic issue facing residents in Taman Manis is the housing location, which is far from the workplace location. This matter contributes to the economic problems faced by the residents of Taman Manis every day. This is closely related to the cost of traveling to a certain place, for example, in terms of fuel consumption and vehicle maintenance costs. In line with this issue, it will increase the cost of living for the population and bring financial harm to the individuals involved.
8 4.3 SOCIAL While doing field research, we found that there are some social concerns in the developing housing area. One of the issues that residents are concerned about is the rise in crime in the community, specifically housebreaking. This crime of housebreaking is an issue that has no end due to the negligence of society itself. This may be due to the lack of income, especially during the COVID season. As we know, many workers have been thrown out and fired immediately because a company is no longer able to finance their workers' salaries. In fact, there are other factors, such as the lack of security controls in residential areas, that contribute to the crime of housebreaking. The provision of good security control is very important in a housing plan, such as a fenced house or CCTV installation, to ensure the protection of residents in the area. Prolonged housebreaking crimes will have a negative impact on residents, who will experience trauma and live in fear because they have to be in a less safe situation and environment. Neighborhood problems are also an issue we found in the residential area. There is no doubt that the diversity of ages can cause the spirit of the neighborhood to fade. This is because the thinking of the current generation is not in the same direction and it is not friendly with the older generation, which can cause fights and disagreements. For example, there are some young residents who often make noise at night, disturbing the peace of other neighbors. It will not be a problem if they tolerate each other and think about the conditions of other neighbors around them at all times. A community that practices neighborliness can create an atmosphere of harmony and peace.
9 5.0 IMPROVEMENT 5.1 ENVIRONMENT The State Government's role in overcoming environmental problems inresidential areas through Local Authorities The issue of wild dogs is not something new to be used as a topic of conversation among the upper class or the public because it is an issue that has been talked about for a long time, but until now there is still no suitable and accurate way to overcome it leading to the population of wild dogs increasing. In a situation like this, the Local Authority should play an important role by taking action where they can patrol the residential area more often from time to time and carry out operations to capture the stray dogs. Even Local Authorities have the power to impose penalties on owners of pet dogs that are let loose and become feral. As proof, most of them claimed that these wild dogs actually have owners who may ormay not have a license. Due to these dogs being allowed to roam freely, they have invited other wild dogs and caused the population of dogsin the area to increase becausethey are left to roam freely causing noise disturbance to the residents of the area. Thus, the owners of released pet dogs will be subject to enforcement procedures where they will be given a notice or charged with committing a crime if the notice is not complied with. In addition, Local Authorities can also impose legal action in relation to dog licensing and kennel bylaws. Therefore, such actions need to be emphasized because problems related to the issue of stray dogs are very dangerous because they not only threaten the safety of the population, but also cause the spread of diseases such as mad dogs. The role of the Batu Pahat municipal council Furthermore, the responsible party should be smarter in the management of waste piles. This is because garbage piles that are not managed properly and systematically will become a source of food for the wild dogs. Therefore, with the existence of good garbage pile management, the source of food for stray dogs roaming in residential areas will be reduced.
10 The role of the Department of Environment and Department of VeterinaryServices in overcoming the problem of air pollution Next, related to odor pollution caused by chicken farms located near the residential area of Taman Manis. Air pollution is a condition where it involves the mixing of biological substances and particles that can cause harm to air quality and discomfort to the residents of an area. Often we hear, there are many complaints that have been made related to the chicken farming farm that was established near this residential area. However, the owner of the chicken farm is still reluctant to commit the same mistake even though action has been taken. Therefore, the Department of Environment is the party that should be responsible for handling such matters. The Department of Environment should take the initiative to enact new regulations related to this matter to control the pollution that occurs from animal husbandry activities. This is because air pollution from livestock areas has caused an increase in the number of insects, i.e. flies, in residential areas. In fact, when it rains, this livestock area will emit a smell that the residents don't like. The odors present have disturbed the tranquility of the residents in the residential area. Therefore, the Department of Environment has made a DOE strategic plan in 2011- 2020 which in the plan has given exposure to farmers to practice environmentally friendly livestock and choose more suitable livestock sites such as adopting better waste processes. In addition, the Department of Veterinary Services also plays an important role where they can impose legal action on breeders who cause problems. For example, the Department of Veterinary Services can enforce laws under the Animals Act 1953 (Revision 2006) [Act 647] and the Animals Act 1953 (Amendment 2013) [Act A1452]. In fact, this party can also impose a compound or fine not exceeding five thousand ringgit or imprisonment not exceeding six months or both if the breeders continue to repeat the same offense. Therefore, such measures are very important to be implemented so that the problem of air pollution that arises can be resolved as soon as possible so that the population can live in a harmonious environment.ng methods so that the problem of odor pollution can be reduced. However, all parties must work together so that this problem can be solved in a good way.
11 5.2 ECONOMY Involves the government to seriously consider in offering subsidies The problem of house prices being too high and unaffordable is a serious problem for individuals or households with low or moderate incomes in Taman Manis. For example, young people or newly married people who want to buy a house to start a family. This problem should indeed be contained and action taken by the authorities so that individuals or low-income households are not burdened to buy or own a house. One of the alternatives involves the government seriously considering offering housing subsidies to young people and low-income households in helping this group to buy a house. The government can provide these middle- and low-income groups with a variety of housing subsidies. The best subsidies that the government can provide to them is My First Home Scheme (MFHS) which is a government giving interest-free loans where financed 100% for the residential properties to avoid 10% down payment that may be a problem or burden faced by low-income people to buy and own a house. These subsidies need to be emphasized by the government as introduced by the government of Malaysia in 2014. Local Government and Local Authority (PBT) develop a site for business in Taman Manis Taman Manis residents have a problem which is that the lack of local area to conduct business makes it difficult for residents to generate a primary or secondary source of income. This problem faced by the Taman Manis residents can be solved when the Local Government and State Housing develop a site for the resident to start a business or conduct their existing business near their house. According to interviews conducted during the day with locals in Taman Manis, they said that their income from their primary occupation is definitely insufficient to support their daily expenses, especially when considering the rising cost of living.
12 In relation to the matter, Local Government and Local Authority possess full rights to help the residents by developing the site for running a business. For example, Local Authority can develop a night market site following the night market guidelines that was established on 30 August 2019 that said every night market site must be built in an area that does not disturb traffic, public paths and access roads to nearby housing estates which is Taman Manis. The authority can also build a paved site free from flooding and rainwater reservoirs as specified in the guidelines Bus service routes must be added in Taman Manis The issue of the workplace being far from the residents' housing faced by the residents of Taman Manis can also be solved by Local Authority and the bus services routes in Taman Manis. According to the interview with the resident in Taman Manis, the resident said that the majority of them work in a place that is far away from the area where they live, which is Taman Manis. The Local Authority is advised to add bus routes from Taman Manis to urban and concentrated areas such as Batu Pahat and Kluang. By doing that step, Taman Manis residents can take the bus to work thus reducing the economic problems that they faced which is the high cost of vehicles fuel to travel a long way to work.
13 5.3 SOCIAL The role of Neighborhood Association and Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM) in overcoming the crime issue The crime issue is not something new in our residential area, especially housebreaking crime. The thing is that if there are no eradication measures to overcome this issue it might spread more and might be getting worse if anything more awful happens later. So in order to make our residential area more safe, neighborhood associations should be responsible to overcome these issues. One of the initiatives that they can provide is to patrol areas that are likely to face this issue. Neighborhood associations can appoint their residents that can stay late at night to do patrolling around residential areas. With the help of Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM), the neighborhood association can contact them if something happens. We know that PDRM did not patrol too many areas so with the help of neighborhood association PDRM can focus on areas that are highly in danger. In addition, this residential area is very close to the nearby police stations. The nearest police station was just 1.8 km away from the residential area. So, if anything happens the police can come quickly. Next, not only the Neighborhood Association and PDRM but the residents also need to take this thing seriously because this can happen to anyone. They need to ensure the safety of their home according to the standards or they can upgrade it. Installation of CCTV or alarm can be done so that the criminals can be caught with the proof that they have.
14 Role of Neighborhood Association to strength relationship between residents Nowadays, technology may be a major source of disengagement for both parties, which can have a detrimental effect on the relationship. One or two residents that collide with each other may be more preoccupied with their phones and monitoring social media than having meaningful talks. In the past where phones were not 24 hours in our hands, people always talked with each other, especially around our neighborhood. But, today people that live next to each other use their phone to talk or if they need something. In order to overcome this issue where residents can communicate and get acquainted with each other regardless of age, Neighborhood Association can do more activities that need all of the residents to join together. Activities like ‘gotong-royong’, national Sports Day, celebration according to each one’s beliefs and more. With these activities the relationship between the residents became closer.
15 6.0 CONCLUSION In conclusion, there are various problems faced by local residents. However, with some steps toward solutions, the problem will be solved. One of the big problems faced is that house prices are too high, making it difficult for the community to get a house. Furthermore, local residents must face problems with their businesses, making it difficult for them to add or find a source of income. For those who have a home, they are involved in the difficulty of going to work because of the long distance. However, every problem has a solution. For example, getting housing subsidies to reduce the price of expensive houses, asking local authorities for help to provide suitable business premises, and overcoming the problem of long distances by providing public transport such as buses. There are also social issues like house robberies and neighborhood problems that can be overcome if the local community develops and maintains a helping attitude. If people of multiple races and ages can work together with the authorities to continue to maintain the harmony of the local area, surely this problem can be solved effectively. Therefore, the community needs to continue to practice an attitude of tolerance, concern, and responsibility so that the house that becomes a shelter will continue to be safe to live in.
16 7.0 REFERENCES 1. Izwan, Muhamad Arif. Interview. Conducted by Mohammad Nazrul Asyraf bin Mohd Saleh. 22th December 2022 2. Md Salleh, Rosman. Interview. Conducted by Ezril Faireez bin Mohamad Sufawi. 22th December 2022 3. Kailan, Kasiah. Interview. Conducted by Ezril Faireez bin Mohamad Sufawi. 22th December 2022 4. Cropley, Arthur. (2011). Definitions of Creativity. 10.1016/B978-0-12-375038- 9.00066-2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266031380_Definitions_of_Creativity 5. Prime minister's Office of Malaysia (2019) Prime Minister's Office of Malaysia. Available at: https://www.pmo.gov.my/2019/07/national-housing-policy/ (Accessed: January 13, 2023). 6. Chapter 5 - Housing (2004) National Treasury. Available at: https://www.treasury.gov.za/publications/igfr/ (Accessed: January 13, 2023).
17 APPENDIX A Narrow Road Conditions Trees that will Block the Road when Fall
18 APPENDIX B Interview Session with Resident 1, Muhamad Arif Izwan Interview Session with Resident 2, Encik Rosman bin Md Salleh Interview Session with Resident 3, Puan Kasiah binti Kailan