Eng 20202 Book 3 Narrative Paragraphs

ประกอบการจดั กจิ กรรมการเรยี นรู้
วิชาเขยี นเพอ่ื การสอื่ สาร อ 20202

ช้นั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปที ี่ 3

ฐานิสรณ์ เลขทพิ ย์
ครชู านาญการ

โรงเรียนสรุ าษฎรพ์ ทิ ยา

สานักงานเขตพนื้ ทกี่ ารศกึ ษามธั ยมศึกษา เขต 11
สานักงานคณะกรรมการการศกึ ษาขน้ั พนื้ ฐาน
กระทรวงศกึ ษาธกิ าร

คานา

แบบฝึกทักษะการเขียนด้วยกิจกรรมการเรียนรู้การเขียนที่เน้นอรรถกระบวนการ (The Process -
Genre Approach) สาหรับนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีท่ี 3 จัดทาขึ้นเพื่อใช้ประกอบการจัดการเรียนรู้รายวิชา
การเขียนเพื่อการสื่อสาร รหัสวิชา อ 20202 เร่ือง การเขียนเพื่อการส่ือสาร ประกอบด้วยสาระการเรียนรู้
ท่ผี ู้จดั ทาไดร้ วบรวมไว้ในแบบฝึกทั้งหมด 4 เล่ม ดังนี้ ดังนี้

เล่ม 1 เล่ม 2 เล่ม 3 เล่ม 4
Ready to Write Descriptive Paragraphs Narrative Paragraphs Persuasive Paragraphs

ผู้จัดทาได้พัฒนาแบบฝึกทักษะการเขียนภาษาอังกฤษด้วยกิจกรรมการเรียนรู้การเขียนที่เน้นอรรถ
กระบวนการ คือ การเขียนที่เน้นกระบวนการและรูปแบบของการเขียน รวมถึงการกาหนดจุดประสงค์ของ
การเขียนที่จัดเจน โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์หลักคือ เพ่ือช่วยให้นักเรียนพัฒนาทักษะการเขียนภาษาอังกฤษอย่าง
เปน็ ระบบและมปี ระสทิ ธิภาพ ผ่านกิจกรรมการเขียนที่เน้นรูปแบบของการเขียน (genre) รวมถึงการกาหนด
จุดประสงค์ของการเขียน (purpose) กระบวนการระหว่างเขียนที่นาไปสู่ผลลัพธ์ (process) และทักษะ
กระบวนการคิดวิเคราะห์ (critical thinking skills) ซึ่งเป็นทักษะสาคัญสาหรับผู้เรียนในศตวรรษที่ 21
รวมถงึ การนาหลักไวยากรณ์ที่จาเป็นในการเขียนรูปแบบต่าง ๆ และทักษะทางภาษาอ่ืน ๆ คือ ทักษะการฟัง
การพูด และการอา่ น มาประยกุ ตใ์ ช้ในการเรยี นรู้โดยใช้แบบฝกึ ทกั ษะการเขียนเล่มน้ีอย่างถกู ต้องเหมาะสม

ผู้จัดทาหวังเป็นอย่างย่ิงว่า แบบฝึกทักษะการเขียนด้วยกิจกรรมการเรียนรู้การเขียนที่เน้น
อรรถกระบวนการสาหรับนักเรียนช้ันมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 3 ท้ัง 4 เล่มนี้ จะช่วยพัฒนาทักษะการเขียนภาษาอังกฤษ
ของนกั เรยี น และช่วยใหน้ กั เรียนมีความรู้ ความเขา้ ใจ และมผี ลสมั ฤทธ์ิทางการเรยี นภาษาองั กฤษสูงขน้ึ

ฐานิสรณ์ เลขทพิ ย์

ก NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS

สารบญั หน้า
ก
คานา ข
สารบัญ ค
การเขียนที่เนน้ อรรถกระบวนการ (The Process - Genre Approach) ง
แผนผังการเรยี นโดยใช้แบบฝึกทกั ษะการเขียนท่ีเนน้ อรรถกระบวนการ จ
สาระสาคัญและสาระการเรียนรู้ ฉ
คณุ ลกั ษณะอันพึงประสงคแ์ ละสมรรถนะสาคัญ 1
แบบทดสอบก่อนเรียน 3
กระดาษคาตอบแบบทดสอบกอ่ นเรยี น 4

 Step 1: Reading as a Model 8
 Step 2: Focusing on Narrative Language
 Step 3: Stimulating Ideas 12
 Step 4: Writing a First Draft
 Step 5: Peer-Editing the First Draft 19
 Step 6: Using More Language
 Step 7: Writing a Second Draft 20
 Step 8: Proofreading
 Step 9: Writing a Final Draft 21
 Step 10: Evaluating Writing
การประเมินตนเอง (self-assessment) 28
แบบทดสอบหลังเรยี น
กระดาษคาตอบแบบทดสอบหลังเรียน 30
แบบบันทึกคะแนนผลการทดสอบก่อนและหลังเรียน
บรรณานกุ รม 31

32

34
35
37
38
39

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS ข

การเขียนที่เนน้ อรรถกระบวนการ
(The Process -Genre Approach)

การจัดการเรียนรู้การเขียนภาษาอังกฤษในฐานะภาษาต่างประเทศ (English as a Foreign
Language: EFL) เป็นกระบวนการที่ซับซ้อนและต้องใช้ทักษะทางภาษาอังกฤษร่วมกับกระบวนการคิดอย่าง
มีข้ันตอน การเรียนการเขียนให้ประสบความสาเร็จจึงจาเป็นต้องใช้เวลาและรูปแบบการฝึกท่ีเหมาะสม
การจดั การเรียนรู้การเขียนภาษาอังกฤษโดยท่ัวไปท่ีครูผู้สอนนิยมใช้ในการจัดการเรียนรู้การเขียนมี 3 วิธี คือ
การสอนเขียนท่ีเน้นผลลัพธ์ (Product Approach) การสอนเขียนที่เน้นกระบวนการ (Process Approach)
และการสอนเขียนที่เน้นอรรถลักษณะลักษณะ (Genre Approach) (Badger & White, 2000) อย่างไรก็
ตาม การสอนเขียนท้ัง 3 แบบข้างต้นยังมีข้อจากัดบางประการ นักการศึกษาและผู้เช่ียวชาญด้านการสอน
เขียนภาษาอังกฤษจึงได้เสนอวิธีการสอนเขียนที่ผสมผสานกลวิธการสอนเขียนทั้ง 3 วิธีเข้าด้วยกัน คือ การ
เขยี นทีเ่ นน้ อรรถกระบวนการ (Process - Genre Approach)

รูปแบบวิธเี ขียนที่เน้นอรรถกระบวนการนั้น เป็นรูปแบบการเขียนท่ีให้ความสาคัญกับชิ้นงานเขียนที่
สอดคล้องกบั บริบททางสงั คมโดยการกาหนดจุดประสงค์ของการเขียนที่ชัดเจนตามความต้องการของผู้เขียน
ในการเขียนเพื่อส่ือสารตามบริบทที่แตกต่างออกไป ดังนั้น ในการจัดการเรียนรู้การเขียนภาษาอังกฤษ
ครูผู้สอนจาเป็นต้องกาหนดจุดประสงค์ของการเขียนให้ลอดคล้องกับอรรถลักษณะท่ีสาคัญ คือ การเขียน
บรรยาย การเขียนเล่าเร่ือง หรือการเขียนแสดงความคิดเห็นโน้วน้าว และใช้ทักษะกระบวนการเขียน
ตามลาดับขน้ั ตอนที่สาคัญ 7 กระบวนการ ดังน้ี (Nation, 2009)

1. การระบจุ ุดประสงค์ของผ้เู ขียน (considering the goals of the writer)
2. การใหต้ วั อยา่ งของผอู้ า่ น (having a model of the reader)
3. การรวบรวมความคดิ (gathering ideas)
4. การจดั ระเบยี บความคดิ (organising ideas)
5. การเปล่ียนความคิดเป็นข้อความ (turning ideas into written text)
6. การทบทวนงานเขยี น (reviewing what has been written)
7. การแกไ้ ขงานเขยี น (editing)

(Badger & White, 2000)

ค NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS

แผนผงั การเรียนโดยใช้แบบฝกึ ทักษะการเขยี น
ท่ีเน้นอรรถกระบวนการ

ศกึ ษาคาแนะนา

ทาแบบทดสอบก่อนเรยี น

ศกึ ษากรอบความรู้ ทากิจกรรมแบบฝกึ ทักษะการเขยี น
ด้วยกิจกรรมการเรยี นรู้การเขียนทเ่ี นน้ อรรถกระบวนการ

เลม่ 3 Narrative Paragraphs

ทาแบบทดสอบหลังเรยี น

ประเมินผล

ผ่านเกณฑ์ ไมผ่ า่ นเกณฑ์
ศึกษาแบบฝกึ เลม่ อนื่ ๆ พบคร/ู ซอ่ มเสรมิ

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS ง

สาระสาคญั สาระการเรียนรู้
มาตรฐานการเรียนรู้ และตัวชว้ี ดั

สาระสาคัญ

การเขียนเป็นกระบวนการท่ีซับซ้อนและต้องอาศัยประสบการณ์ทางภาษา รวมทั้งประสบการณ์
ท่ีเกิดขึ้นจริง เพื่อนามาซึ่งข้อมูลประกอบการเขียนอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ และยังต้องอาศัยความรู้
ด้านไวยากรณ์ทจี่ าเป็นต่อการเขียน และอรรถฐาน (Genre) หรือรูปแบบสาคัญของการเขียนควบคู่กับการใช้
กระบวนการ (Process) ในการผลิตงานเขียนอย่างเป็นลาดับข้ันตอน ดังนั้นในหน่วยการเรียนน้ี นักเรียนจะ
ได้เรียนรู้เร่ืองอรรถฐานการเขียนแบบเล่าเร่ือง (Narrative writing) อ่านบทอ่านตัวอย่างการเขียนแบบเล่าเร่ือง
และฝึกเขียนเล่าเรื่องราวที่เกิดข้ึนกับตนเองโดยใช้ไวยากรณ์ท่ีจาเป็นและกระบวนการเขียนที่เหมาะสม
เพ่ือพัฒนาการเขียนเพื่อการส่ือสารในสถานการณ์จริงหรือสถานการณ์จาลองท่ีเกิดข้ึนในห้องเรียน
สถานศกึ ษา ชมุ ชนและสงั คม

สาระการเรยี นรู้ มาตรฐาน ตัวชี้วดั
ต. 1.2 ม. 3 ขอ้ 5. พดู และเขียนบรรยาย
สาระที่ 1 ภาษาเพ่ือ มาตรฐาน ต 1.2 มีทกั ษะการสอ่ื สาร ความรู้สึก และความคิดเห็นของตนเอง
เกี่ยวกับเร่ืองตา่ ง ๆ กจิ กรรม
การสื่อสาร ทางภาษาในการแลกเปลีย่ นข้อมลู ประสบการณ์ และข่าว/เหตุการณ์ พร้อม
ทัง้ ใหเ้ หตุผลประกอบอยา่ งเหมาะสม
ขา่ วสาร แสดงความรสู้ ึก และความ ต. 1.3 ม. 3 ข้อ 1. พูดและเขียนบรรยาย
เกี่ยวกบั ตนเอง ประสบการณ์ ข่าว/
คิดเห็นอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ เหตกุ ารณ์ / เรื่อง/ ประเด็นต่าง ๆ ท่อี ยู่ใน
ความสนใจของสงั คม
สาระที่ 2 ภาษา มาตรฐาน ต 1.3
และวัฒนธรรม นาเสนอข้อมูลข่าวสาร ความคิดรวบ ต. 2.2 ม. 3 ข้อ 1. เปรียบเทยี บและอธิบาย
ยอด และความคดิ เห็นในเร่อื งต่างๆ ความเหมือนและความแตกต่าง
สาระที่ 4 ภาษากบั โดยการพดู และการเขียน ระหวา่ งการออกเสียงประโยคชนดิ ตา่ ง ๆ
ความสัมพนั ธก์ ับ และการลาดับคาตามโครงสร้างประโยค
ชมุ ชนและโลก มาตรฐาน ต 2.2 ของภาษาต่างประเทศและภาษาไทย
เขา้ ใจความเหมอื นและความแตกตา่ ง
ระหวา่ งภาษาและวฒั นธรรมของ ต. 4.1 ม. 3 ข้อ 1. ใช้ภาษาสื่อสาร
เจ้าของภาษากบั ภาษาและวัฒนธรรม ในสถานการณ์จริง/สถานการณ์จาลอง
ไทย และนามาใช้อย่างถกู ต้องและ ท่เี กิดข้ึนในห้องเรียน สถานศึกษา ชุมชน
เหมาะสม และสงั คม

มาตรฐาน ต 4.1
ใชภ้ าษาตา่ งประเทศในสถานการณ์
ตา่ ง ๆ ท้งั ในสถานศึกษา ชุมชน และ
สังคม

จ NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS

คุณลักษณะอันพงึ ประสงค์

1. มีวนิ ัย 2. ใฝ่เรยี นรู้
3. ม่งุ ม่นั ในการทางาน 4. รักความเป็นไทย
5. มจี ิตสาธารณะ

สมรรถนะสาคญั

1. ความสามารถในการสื่อสาร 2. ความสามารถในการคิด
3. ความสามารถในการแก้ปญั หา 4. ความสามารถในการใชเ้ ทคโนโลยี

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS ฉ

แบบทดสอบกอ่ นเรยี น

เล่ม 3 Narrative Paragraphs

Instruction: Choose the best answer for each item to complete the story.

My friend and I went to the cinema last night. There __________ (1.) a French
film on that we really wanted to see. We __________ (2.) a little late because we
__________ (3.) the first bus, so we __________ (4.) sit right at the back behind a
very tall man in the cinema. Anyway, we ____________ (5.) that the film was in
French with subtitles so we could see them! Then the people on the left of us
__________ (6.) crisps and popcorn the whole time and the people on the right
__________ (7.) on everything that happened. They ___________(8.) very irritating
and ____________ (9) even when we looked at them. The tickets _____________
(10.) £5.50 and it was even a very good film. The next time, I’ll get a DVD!

1. a. is b. are c. was d. were

2. a. arrive b. arrived c. are arriving d. were arrived

3. a. missing b. misses c. miss d. missed

4. a. had to b. must c. have to d. will to

5. a. are knowing b. know c. knew d. knows

6. a. eat b. are eating c. eaten d. ate

7. a. comments b. commented c. are commenting d. were comment

8. a. is b. are c. was d. were

9. a. didn’t stop b. didn’t stopped c. stopped d. stop

10. a. costs b. cost c. costed d. are costed

1 NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS

Instruction: Read the following events. Number them in the right order for
number 11 to 15.

a. My favorite soccer team was visiting from Mexico, so I went to the hotel to
get autographs from some of the players.

b. He invited me to his table for dinner. I could not believe it! It was the most
delicious dinner I ever ate in my life because I was eating with my idol.

c. When I got there, I waited outside for a long time because I was very
nervous. Finally, I told my legs to start moving, and I went up to my
favorite striker, Sergio Verdirame, and asked for his autograph.

d. When I was thirteen years old, I had a great surprise at the Grand Hotel in
Toronto.

e. My voice was trembling, but I controlled it. He stopped to listen to me, and
then an amazing thing happened.

11. _____ 12. _____ 13. _____ 14. _____ 15. _____

Retrieved from: https://www.scoopnest.com/es/user/elnortecom 2

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS

กระดาษคาตอบแบบทดสอบก่อนเรียน

เล่ม 3 Narrative Paragraphs

Name _________________________________ Class _______ Number______
Instruction: Choose the best answer by putting a cross (X).

Number a. b. c. d. ถูก/ผิด

Example รวมคะแนน
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Part 2: 11. _____ 12. _____ 13. ____ 14. _____ 15. _____

เกณฑก์ ารประเมนิ แปรผลคะแนน

√ ตอบถกู ต้อง ให้คะแนนข้อละ 1 คะแนน  ดี ได้คะแนน 12 - 15 คะแนน
X ตอบไมถ่ ูกต้อง ให้คะแนนข้อละ 0 คะแนน  พอใช้ ไดค้ ะแนน 5 - 11 คะแนน
 ปรับปรุง ไดค้ ะแนน 0 - 4 คะแนน

3 NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS

In this very first lesson of writing a narrative paragraph, you are going

to study some example paragraphs dealing with narrating stories.

Exercise 1: Before you read an example paragraph,
discuss these questions with your partner.

1. What was the most embarrassing moment in your life? What
happened? What was the result?
2. Imagine that you are a waiter or waitress in a restaurant. What is
the most embarrassing thing that could happen to you in this job?

Exercise 2: Look at the picture and answer the questions.

Retrieved from: https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-image-clumsy-waitress-image1677601

1. What can you see in the picture?
_________________________________________________________

2. Where are those people sitting in?
_________________________________________________________

3. What is the standing woman doing?
_________________________________________________________

4. How might she feel?
_________________________________________________________

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 4

Exercise 3: Now read the paragraph and answer the questions below.

Friday Night Disaster

My most embarrassing moment happened when I was
working in a Mexican restaurant. I was a hostess working on a
busy Friday night. As usual, I was wearing a blouse and a long
Mexican skirt. While I was taking some menus to a table, one of
the waiters accidentally stepped on the hem of my skirt. This
made my skirt come off. However, I did not feel it fall off, and
I walked through the whole dining room in my slip. Almost every
customer in the restaurant saw me without my skirt on! I was so
embarrassed by the event that I had a hard time showing my
face there the next day.

Adapted from: Bonesteel, L. (2003). From Reading to Writing 1. New York: Pearson Education Inc.

disaster (n.): complete failure
hostess (n.): the person who takes you to your table in a restaurant
accidentally (adv.): not intentionally or on purpose
hem (n.): the sewn edge of clothing
slip (n.): a loose undergarment that works as a lining for a skirt or dress

Comprehension questions

1. What is the general topic of this paragraph?
_______________________________________________________________
2. What is the topic sentence?
_______________________________________________________________
3. Why was the writer embarrassed?
_______________________________________________________________
4. In your own words, what is the beginning of the story?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

5 NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS

5. In your own words, what is the middle of the story?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
6. In your own words, what is the end of the story?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
7. What's the writer's purpose of writing this story?
_______________________________________________________________

Now that you have read an example paragraph of narrative writing and

completed reading exercises, Discuss with your partner. What are some more
purposes for narrative writing or narrative paragraph(s)?

We write
narratively in

order to...

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 6

Reading more about the topic

In this essay, the writer talks about how he felt while he was visiting a
friend. Read the story and number the pictures (1 - 6) so they tell the story in the
correct time order.

A Frightening Experience

Last week I had a frightening experience on a lift. I was on my way to have dinner at my
friend’s apartment. I got on the lift in the lobby and pushed the button for the fifth floor.
The lift stopped at the third floor and a couple got on with their baby. The woman pushed
the button to the eighth floor, the door closed, and the lift started to go up. A few second
later, the lift stopped suddenly! Then I felt the lift bounced up and down two times. We all
looked at each other, and the baby began to cry. I was very nervous. A few minutes later,
the lift door opened. We were stuck between the third and the fourth floors. The third floor
was about five feet down. Luckily, I had my cellphone with me, and I called my friend. We
waited in the lift for about ten minutes, but I felt like ten hours! Finally, my friend brought
a ladder to the third floor, and we all climbed out of the lift safely. I was happy to be out of
the lift, but my stomach hurt and I couldn’t eat dinner. That incident taught me that we
should be prepared and ready for any unexpected events.

(Adapted from: Karen Blanchard, and Christine Root. Readr To Write 1: A First Composition.
New York: Pearson Education. 2010, p. 108)

Exercise 4: Read the passage and order the events (1 - 6).

7 NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS

In narrative paragraph, the writer tells a story that sets the background

for an event, describes events, and often comments on the events that started
and finished in the past. Therefore, the Simple Past Tense is commonly used
in a narrative paragraph (Blanchard & Root, 2010).

2A: Study the chart that shows how to form sentences and questions for
most verbs in the simple past tense.

Statements I played basketball yesterday.
Negatives My brother helped me clean the living room.
Questions Jack worked late last night.
My parents travelled to England for their vacation.

I didn’t drive to school.
You didn’t call me last night.
Jessica didn’t bring her books to school yesterday.
My grandparents didn’t live in Bangkok.

Did you see the movie yesterday?
Where did Peter buy his car?
Did your mom cook last night?
What movie did you see a week ago?

2B: Study the spelling rules to form the simple past of regular verbs.

 One vowel + y : add -ed enjoy --> enjoyed

 Two consonants : add -ed walk --> walked
 Two vowels + one consonant : add -ed need --> needed

 One consonant + e : add -d arrive --> arrived

 One consonant + y : change the y to i and add -ed study --> studied

 One vowel + one consonant : double the final consonant plan --> planned
and add -ed jog --> jogged

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 8

2C: The verb „‟be” forms of the simple past are used in a different way.
Study the chat below.

Statements I was late for class yesterday.
You were late for class yesterday.
Jack was late for class yesterday.
My parents were at their office yesterday.

Negatives I was not (wasn’t) at home yesterday.
You were not (weren’t) at home yesterday.
Jessica was not (wasn’t) at home yesterday.
My parents were not (weren’t) at home yesterday.

Questions Was your mother at home last night?
Was Jessica at school yesterday?
Where were you last night? I called you many times.

2D: There are also lots of irregular verbs in English. Here are some examples.

Base Form Past Simple Form Base Form Past Simple Form
beat beat hear heard
become became keep kept
begin began know knew
bend bent lead led
break broke leave left
bring brought make made
build built meet met
buy bought pay paid
catch caught ride rode
choose chose run ran
come came say said
do did see saw
draw drew sell sold
drive drove sleep slept

9 NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS

Exercise 5: Complete the following sentences with the simple past
tense forms of verbs.

copy look stay visit travel
like paint walk use stop

Last Saturday, we (1.) ____________ a big art gallery in New
York. We (2.) ____________ by bus. The bus (3.) ____________
near a park. We (4.) ____________ through the park to the museum.
In the gallery we (5.) ____________ at a lot of paintings and
drawings. After that, we (6.) ____________ our favorite painting in
our notebooks. On Sunday morning, I (7.) ____________ in bed late.
I was tired! In the afternoon, I (8.) ____________ a picture for my
mom. I (9.) ____________ lots of different colors. My mom was
happy – she (10.) ____________ my picture a lot!

be get up eat drink have
meet swim sleep run go

Yesterday I (11.)___________ early, at about seven o´clock.
I (12.)___________ a shower and some fruit for breakfast.
Then I (13.)___________ to the sports centre. I (14.)___________
500 meters in the swimming pool and then I (15.)___________ five
kilometers. At lunchtime I (16.)___________ my friends in a café.
We (17.)___________ some pasta and (18.)___________ some
juice. After lunch I (19.)___________ for a few hours, I
(20.)___________ really tired at the end of the day!

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 10

Exercise 6: Go back to the reading text on page 7. Write your
answers to questions in complete sentences. Then discuss your
answer with a partner.

1. Where did the writer go last week?
_______________________________________________________ __
2. Where did he have a frightening experience?
_________________________________________________________
3. What floor did the writer want to go?
_________________________________________________________
4. Why did the lift stop at the third floor?
_________________________________________________________
5. What floor did the couple with a baby want to go?
_________________________________________________________
6. What did the baby do after the lift had bounced?
_________________________________________________________
7. How did the writer feel when he was stuck in the lift?
_________________________________________________________
8. What did the writer do with his phone?
_________________________________________________________
9. What did the writer’s friend do?
_________________________________________________________
10. How did the writer and other people go out of the lift?
_________________________________________________________

11 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

In this unit, you are going to write a narrative paragraph about

a challenging event that has happened to you.

Audience: your teacher, your classmates, your friends or your family

3A: Brainstorming Ideas

Exercise 7: Think about two experiences that seem challenging or that
you required courage. Write them in the chart below.

Experience 1 Experience 2

1. When did the
experience
happen? How long
did the experience
last?

2. Where did the
experience take
place?

3. What clear and
specific memories
do you have of the
experience?

Talking: Choose only one experience from the chart that you would
most like to write about. Often a single event in a single place is easier to
narrate. Talk to your partner about the event you chose.

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 12

3B: Brainstorming Vocabulary

Exercise 8: With a partner, brainstorm some descriptive words to
complete each sentence.

1. I was in a/an ________________________ place.
(scary, elegant, enormous, _____________, ______________, ______________)

2. I felt ________________________________.
(happy, nervous, _______________, _______________, _______________)

3. I ____________ ____________.
(ran quickly, cried loudly, ___________________, ___________________)

4. The experience____________________ me.
(thrilled, motivated, _______________, _______________, _______________)

5. I gained a lot of ______________________ from that experience.
(happiness, friends, _______________, _______________, _______________)

Exercise 9: Choose five words you write from exercise 8 and use them
to write five additional sentences about your experience.

Example: My body felt nervous. .

1. ____________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________

4. _____________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________

13 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

3C: Narrative Paragraph Guide

Before you start writing a narrative paragraph, study the

guided information below. Use dictionary to find out the meaning of
some unfamiliar words when needed.

Narrative Organization

A narrative paragraph tells a story. Like descriptive paragraph that you have
learned in unit 1, it has a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a
concluding sentence (Savage & Shafiei, 2007).

Topic Sentence

 The topic sentence tells the reader what the story will be about.
 It may also tell when and where the story took place.
 The topic sentence should capture the readers’ interest.

Supporting Sentences

 The supporting sentences tell the details of the story, including the
order of events.

 They also include sensory details, such as what the writer saw, heard,
smelled, or tasted.

 The supporting sentences may also tell about the writer’s feeling during
the events.

Concluding Sentence

 The concluding sentence usually wraps up the story.
 It may conclude a comment about why the experience was important or

how the writer felt after it.

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 14

Exercise 10: Read an example paragraph.
What made the hamburger memorable? Talk to your friends.

The Best Hamburger of My life

When I was thirteen years old, I had a great surprise at the Grand Hotel
in Toronto. My favorite soccer team was visiting from Mexico, so I went
to the hotel to get autographs from some of the players. When I got there,
I waited outside for a long time because I was very nervous. Finally, I told
my legs to start moving, and I went up to my favorite striker, Sergio
Verdirame, and asked for his autograph. My voice was trembling, but I
controlled it. He stopped to listen to me, and then an amazing thing
happened. He invited me to his table for dinner. I could not believe it!
Suddenly, I was sitting across the table from Sergio Verdirame! I ordered
a big hamburger with everything on it except onions. When the food
came, my hands were shaking, and I could not eat or talk. After a while, I
took a deep breath and said to myself, “Hey, this happens just once in
your life.” I got rid of my nerves and started talking with the team and
enjoying my hamburger. They were really great guys, and we had a good
time laughing and joking together. That was the most delicious hamburger
I ever ate in my life because I was eating with my idol.

(Adapted from: Alice Savage & Masoud Shafiei. Effective Academic Writing 1. Oxford University
Press. 2007. p. 127)

What made the hamburger memorable?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

15 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

Exercise 11: Look at the sample paragraph again and answer the
questions below in complete sentences.

1. Why did the writer go to the hotel?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

2. What did he do after he got there? Why?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

3. What kind of challenge did the write face?
Was it physical or emotional challenge?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

4. How did the writer deal with the challenge?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

5. Have you ever had a similar challenge to the story?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 16

Exercise 12: Explain the organization of the paragraph. Compare your
answers with a partner.

1. Underline the topic sentence. What information appears in the
topic sentence?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. Read the following events from the story. Number them in the
order (1 - 5) which they happened.

____ a. The writer ordered a hamburger.
____ b. The writer was very nervous and his hands were shaking.
____ c. The writer asked the soccer player for his autograph.
____ d. Sergio Verdirame invited the writer to have dinner.
____ e. The writer overcame his fear and enjoyed his dinner.

3. In concluding sentence, the writer explains what made him happiest?
Which sentence best describes his final comment?
a. He was able to eat a very good hamburger.
b. He was able to spend time with his favorite soccer player.
c. He was able to overcome his fear of speaking to his heroes.
d. He finally got an autograph from his favorite player.

17 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

Outlining Ideas

Exercise 13: Review your brainstorming ideas from exercise 7 on
page 12. Use the form below to write an outline for your
narrative paragraph.

Topic Sentence

What is the story about? Where and when did it take place?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Supporting Sentences

What happened first?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What happened next?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
What else happened?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
How did the experience end?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Concluding Sentence

What was important about the experience? How did it affect you?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 18

Exercise 14: Review your outline on page 18. Then write the first
draft of narrative essay about a challenge you faced.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

19 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

After you write your first draft, exchange it with a partner.

Answer the questions on the checklist below. You may also write
comments or questions on your partner’s draft. Then read the
partner’s comments on your draft, and revise it as necessary.

Put a check ( ) as you have read your friend’s draft. Write answers in
complete sentences in the line provided.

1. Does your friend write a title in the center at the top of the page?

2. Does the paragraph have a topic sentence that tells what the story
will be about?

3. Does your friend use some time words or expressions? If so, write it here.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. Does the paragraph have enough descriptive details to make the
description clear to the reader?

5. Does the paragraph have a concluding sentence that restates the
idea in the topic sentence?

6. Are there any spelling mistakes? If so, write it here. ____________
________________________________________________________

7. Are there any incorrect orders of words? If so, write it here.
________________________________________________________

8. Are there any verb tense or verb form mistakes? If so, write it here.
________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

(Adapted from: Alice Savage & Masoud Shafiei. Effective Academic Writing 1. Oxford University Press. 2007.)

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 20

When you want to tell the readers that an action was already

in progress when another action occurred or interrupted the
progressive action, you are able to use the Past Continuous Tense to
describe the progressive action in the past.

6A: Study the information about past continuous tense below and complete each
exercise.

Using the Past Continuous

 Use past continuous to describe an event or action that was already in
progress when another event happened or interrupted the first even
(Moore, 2014).
Ex: My sister and I were sleeping when we heard a crash.

 The past continuous also tells about two or more actions that were happening
at the same time.

Ex: My sister and I were sleeping while my brother was doing his homework.
Some teenagers were splashing and shouting at each other.

Forming Past Continuous

 To form the past continuous, use was/were and the -ing form of the verb.
Ex: I was planning a surprise at that time.

 To form negative statements in the past continuous, use “not” between
was/were and the -ing form of the verb.
Ex: We were not laughing at the comedian’s jokes.

21 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

Timeline of the Past Events

 When you study English tenses, looking at timeline is useful to imagine
about the actions. Look at the timeline below.

Jack was riding his bike this morning.

Past Present

Now

A car crashed Jack.

While Jack was riding his bike this morning, a car crashed him.

We use the past simple tense for an action Retrieved from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/
that interrupted the progressive action. news/uknews/road-and-rail-transport

Exercise 15: Use the past continuous to answer the following questions.

Example: What were you doing yesterday at this time?

I was shopping for a gift for my sister. .

1. What were you doing last night at 6 p.m.?

________________________________________________________________________

2. What were you doing this morning at 9 a.m.?

________________________________________________________________________

3. What were you doing last year at this time?

________________________________________________________________________

4. What were you thinking about while you were coming to school this morning?

________________________________________________________________________

5. What were you doing while your mother was cooking for dinner yesterday evening?

________________________________________________________________________

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 22

Writers of narrative essays always write a story due to the

order of events. Sometimes, events might have happened at the
same time, so you need to know some words and expressions that
can be used to show the time. (Savage & Shafiei, 2007; Savage &
Ward, 2015).

6B: Study the information about time words and expressions below and complete
each exercise.

Showing Order of Events in Narrative Paragraphs

 Sequence words and expressions can be used in narrative paragraphs to
clarify the order of events in a story.

 The following sequence words and expressions when events happen in
chronological (time) order. They often begin sentences.

next after that afterwards then later
finally eventually soon a little while later

Ex: We unpacked the car and set up our tent, After that, we built a fire and cooked
our food.

Showing Simultaneous Events

 You can use the following words and expressions to show that two
events happened at the same time.

meanwhile while at the same time that

Ex: I was planning a surprise at the same time that I was getting ready to move the
university.

23 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

Exercise 16: Work with a partner. Read the sentences below.
Then number them in the order you think they occurred. Use the sequence
words and phrases as clues.

____ a. A few years ago, my two older brothers and I went trekking in
the mountain.

____ b. Finally, I found a muddy trail, and we made it back to our base camp.
____ c. Soon we were hiking through thick pine forests.
____ d. We started from out base camp on a bright winter morning.
____ e. After that experience, I realized it is very important to be careful

when hiking in the mountain.
____ f. A little while later, we stopped to eat, and my oldest brother said we

should turned around because we were losing the trail in the snow.
____ g. Eventually, it began to snow, and visible became poor.
____ h. Going back down the mountain was harder because it was icy

and slippery, and we could not find the way. We became tired,
cold and thirsty.

Retrieved from: https://www.hungarianartmastersgallery.com/

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 24

Exercise 17: Work with a partner. Write a story about a couple who
had a bad experience at a restaurant. First, you should number the
picture so they tell the story in a logical order. Do use some time words
and expression in your writing.

Retrieved from: Blanchard Karen & Christine Root. (2010). Ready To Write 1: A
First Composition. New York: Pearson Education.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

25 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

In order to make a narrative paragraph interesting, you should

include sensory details and emotional details to help the readers
share the experience of the story (Hogue, 2017).

6C: Study the information about sensory and emotional details below
and complete each exercise.

Using Sensory and Emotional Details

Sensory Details

 Sensory details give information about how something looks,
smells, tastes, feels, or what it sounds like.
Ex: My hands were shaking, and my face looked really pale.

Emotional details
 Emotional details help the readers understand the writer’s
feeling.
Ex: Suddenly, my fear disappeared, and I felt confident as I
looked out at the people in front of me.

Exercise 18: Read the sentence below. What a letter “S” next to the
sentences that have sensory details. Write a letter “E” next to the sentences
that have emotional details. Share your answers with a partner.

____ 1. The morning mist brought in the smell of the ocean.
____ 2. I was very nervous, so I called the police.
____ 3. I had never felt such happiness that made me fully smile.
____ 4. We could hear the roar of the waterfall in distance.
____ 5. The cake was soft and sweet, and it was a delicious complement to the

hot, bitter tea.

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 26

Exercise 19: Work with a partner. Use sensory details to support the
following sentences.

Example: Our primary English teacher had an interesting fashion sense.
He wore the same black pants every day, but his shirt always had colorful

pattern of flowers, dancers, or other tropical senses.

1. We ate a wonderful meal.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. The flower garden was delightful.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Exercise 20: Work with a partner. Use emotional details to support the
following sentences.

Example: I would like to forget my first job interview.
I was so nervous that my hands were wet, and so was my shirt. All my legs

were also shaking during that bad time.

1. I walked into the cold dark cave.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. The teacher told me that I had earned the highest score on the test.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

27 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

Before you write your second draft, review your fist draft for

mistakes for editing. Use the checklist below.

Put a check ( ) as you are reviewing your first draft.
1. Do you agree with your friend’s comments? What are some
comments you disagree with? ________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

2. Did you include some time words or expressions in your story?

3. Did you use adjectives after articles (a, an, the) and before a noun?

4. Did you use verb tenses correctly?
5. Did you capitalize the first letter of each sentence and put end
punctuation at the end?

(Adapted from: Alice Savage & Masoud Shafiei. Effective Academic Writing 1. Oxford
University Press. 2007.)

After you finish reviewing your first draft and edit it, review the
previous lessons and write your second draft. Then change it with
your partner’s to proofread.

 Review the Simple Past Tense.
 Review the Past Continuous Tense.
 Review the Narrative Paragraph Organization.
 Review time words and expressions.
 Review the Use of Sensory and Emotional Details.

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 28

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
_

29 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

Proofreading is a final stage of the editing process.

Proofreading means examining your text carefully to find and
correct typographical errors and mistakes in style, format, grammar,
and spelling (Savage and Shafiei, 2007).

Before you publish your writing piece, answer these questions.
1. Is my writing interesting to read?
________________________________________________________
2. Is the purpose an audience clear?
________________________________________________________
3. Does the opening sentence or paragraph hook the readers?
________________________________________________________
4. Are all ideas clearly written and logical organized?
________________________________________________________
5. Are the paragraph(s) and sentences easy to understand and follow?
________________________________________________________
6. Are there enough supporting details?
________________________________________________________
7. Does the writing end in a satisfying or logical manner?
________________________________________________________
8. Are there still some grammatical or spelling mistake?
________________________________________________________

(Adapted from: Alice Savage & Masoud Shafiei. Effective Academic Writing 1.
Oxford University Press. 2007.)

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 30

Now that you are happy with your previous drafts and your

friends’ comments, it is time to write a final draft to tell your
personal story to your classmates.

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

31 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

After you write your final draft, exchange it with a partner or

your friends in a small group, and then give helpful comments to
each other. Use the table below to give feedback. In this unit, you
should use “Analytic Scoring” to evaluate a piece of writing. Study
the following analytic scoring descriptions below before you assess
your friend’s paper.

A: Grammar

5. Few (if any) noticeable errors of grammar or word order.
4. Some errors of grammar or word order which do not, however, interfere

with comprehension.
3. Errors of grammar or word order fairly frequent; occasional re-reading

necessary for full comprehension.
2. Very frequent errors of grammar or word order; readers often have to

rely on their own interpretation.
1. Severe errors of grammar or word order as to make comprehension

virtually impossible.

B: vocabulary

5. Use of vocabulary and idioms rarely (if at all) distinguishable from that
educated native writer.

4. Occasionally uses inappropriate terms or relies on circumlocutions;
expression of ideas hardly impaired.

3. Limited vocabulary and frequent errors clearly hinder expression of ideas.
2. Vocabulary so limited and so frequently misused that readers often have

to rely on their own interpretation.
1. Vocabulary limitation so extreme order as to make comprehension

virtually impossible.

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 32

C: Mechanics

5. Few (if any) noticeable lapses of punctuation or spelling.
4. Occasional lapses of punctuation or spelling which do not, however,

interfere with comprehension.
3. Frequent errors in punctuation or spelling; lead sometimes to obscurity.
2. Very frequent errors in punctuation or spelling; readers often have to

rely on their own interpretation.
1. Severe errors in punctuation or spelling as to make comprehension
virtually impossible.

D: Form

5. Highly organised; clear progression of ideas well linked; like educated
native writer.

4. Material well organised; links could occasionally be clearer but
communication not impaired.

3. Some lack of organisation; re-reading required for clarification of ideas.
2. Little or no attempt at connectivity; very difficult to make connection

between them
1. Severe lack of organisation that communication is seriously impaired.

TOTAL SCORE

A: ___ + B: ___ + C: ___ + D: ___ =

(Adapted from: Hughes, Arthur. Testing for Language Teachers. Cambridge,
Cambridge University Press. 2003)

33 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

การประเมินตนเอง (self-assessment)

Check ( ) if you can succeed the following goals of the unit.

I can... with great with some without
confidence and confidence confidence
 answer comprehension with only a little and some help and I need a
questions from the story. help from the from the lot of help
teachers teacher
 write sentences using the
past simple tense.

 write sentences using the
past continuous tense.

 make use of time words
and expressions in
narrative writing.

 develop narrative
paragraph(s) by using
sensory and emotional
details

 Write narrative
paragraph(s) to tell
personal story.

 edit my friends’ writing
 evaluate my friends’

writing

Things I feel most confident: _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Things I want to learn more: _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 34

แบบทดสอบหลังเรยี น

เล่ม 3 Narrative Paragraphs

Instruction: Choose the best answer for each item to complete the story.

My friend and I went to the cinema last night. There __________ (1.) a French
film on that we really wanted to see. We __________ (2.) a little late because we
__________ (3.) the first bus, so we __________ (4.) sit right at the back behind a
very tall man in the cinema. Anyway, we ____________ (5.) that the film was in
French with subtitles so we could see them! Then the people on the left of us
__________ (6.) crisps and popcorn the whole time and the people on the right
__________ (7.) on everything that happened. They ___________(8.) very irritating
and ____________ (9) even when we looked at them. The tickets _____________
(10.) £5.50 and it was even a very good film. The next time, I’ll get a DVD!

1. a. is b. were c. was d. are

2. a. arrived b. arrive c. were arriving d. are arrived

3. a. miss b. missing c. misses d. missed

4. a. will to b. must c. have to d. had to

5. a. are knowing b. knew c. knowed d. know

6. a. eat b. is eating c. ate d. eaten

7. a. comments b. commented c. are commenting d. were comment

8. a. is b. are c. was d. were

9. a. stopped b. didn’t stopped c. didn’t stop d. stop

10. a. cost b. costs c. costed d. are costed

35 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

Instruction: Read the following events. Number them in the right order for
number 11 to 15.

a. He invited me to his table for dinner. I could not believe it! It was the most
delicious dinner I ever ate in my life because I was eating with my idol.

b. When I was thirteen years old, I had a great surprise at the Grand Hotel in
Toronto.

c. My favorite soccer team was visiting from Mexico, so I went to the hotel to
get autographs from some of the players.

d. When I got there, I waited outside for a long time because I was very
nervous. Finally, I told my legs to start moving, and I went up to my
favorite striker, Sergio Verdirame, and asked for his autograph.

e. My voice was trembling, but I controlled it. He stopped to listen to me, and
then an amazing thing happened.

11. _____ 12. _____ 13. _____ 14. _____ 15. _____

Retrieved from: https://www.scoopnest.com/es/user/elnortecom

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 36

กระดาษคาตอบแบบทดสอบหลังเรียน

เลม่ 3 Narrative Paragraphs

Name _________________________________ Class _______ Number______
Instruction: Choose the best answer by putting a cross (X).

Number a. b. c. d. ถกู /ผิด

Example รวมคะแนน
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Part 2: 11. _____ 12. _____ 13. ____ 14. _____ 15. _____

เกณฑ์การประเมิน แปรผลคะแนน

√ ตอบถกู ต้อง ใหค้ ะแนนข้อละ 1 คะแนน  ดี ได้คะแนน 12 - 15 คะแนน
X ตอบไมถ่ ูกต้อง ให้คะแนนข้อละ 0 คะแนน  พอใช้ ได้คะแนน 5 - 11 คะแนน
 ปรบั ปรุง ไดค้ ะแนน 0 - 4 คะแนน

37 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S

แบบบันทกึ คะแนนผลการทดสอบกอ่ นและหลังเรียน

คะแนนผลการทดสอบ คะแนนผลการทดสอบ ผลต่างของคะแนน

ก่อนเรยี น หลงั เรียน

แปรผลการประเมนิ ผลหลงั เรยี น

 ผา่ นเกณฑ์ ไดค้ ะแนน 9 - 15 คะแนน
 ไมผ่ า่ นเกณฑ์ ได้คะแนน 1 - 8 คะแนน

การประเมนิ ผล

ผา่ นเกณฑ์ (สงู กว่ารอ้ ยละ 60) ไม่ผ่านเกณฑ์ (ตากวา่ ร้อยละ 60)

ศกึ ษาแบบฝึกเล่มอนื ๆ พบคร/ู ซอ่ มเสรมิ /ศกึ ษาเพมิ เตมิ

NARRATIVE PARAGRAPHS 38

บรรณานุกรม

Badger, R., & White, G. (2000). A process genre approach to teaching writing. ELT
Journal, 54(2), 154-160.

Bonesteel, L. (2003). From Reading to Writing 1. New York: Pearson Education Inc.
Blanchard, K., & Root, C. (2010). Ready To Write 1: A First Composition. New York:

Pearson Education.
Hogue, A. (2017). Longman Academic Writing Series 2: Paragraphs. New Jersey:

Pearson Education.
Hughes, A. (2003). Testing for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press.
Moore, M. (2014). Oxford Grammar for Schools 4. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Savage, A., & Shafiei, M. (2007). Effective Academic Writing 1. Oxford: Oxford

University Press.
Savage, A., & Ward, C. (2015). Trio Writing 3. New York: Oxford University Press.

39 N A R R A T I V E P A R A G R A P H S