TRANSPORTATION

Maintenance and Continuity of Life

3.0 TRANSPORTATION
3.3 HUMAN BLOOD

This Photo by Unknown Author is

Name : Hannan Syakinah binti Azwan

I.C number : 040611-04-00

Class : 3 Beta

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CONTENT PAGE
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1. Blood donation 4-5

2. The importance of blood 6
donating.
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3. Criteria that qualify
someone to donate blood. 8-9

4. Issue related to blood 10
donation.

5. The donated blood
management method.

6. Reference source

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INTRODUCTION IF BLOOD DONATION

What is blood donation?

Occur when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for
transfusions or made into biopharmaceutical medications by a
process called fractionation (separation of whole-blood
components).

Blood Type

The donor's blood type must be determined if the blood will be
used for transfusions. The collecting agency usually identifies
whether the blood is type A, B, AB, or O.

Obtain the blood

There are two main methods of obtaining blood from a donor.
The most frequent is to simply take the blood from a vein as
whole blood. This blood is typically separated into parts, usually
red blood cells and plasma, since most recipients need only a
specific component for transfusions. Secondly, draw blood from
the donor, separate it using a centrifuge or a filter, store the
desired part, and return the rest to the donor.

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IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD DONATION.

According to Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin,
only 2.5% of Malaysians were blood donors which is well below
the international average of 5 percent.

Why we have to donate blood?

1. Blood type “A” tends to run short

● Despite about 25% of the population having A blood type,
it often runs short in the blood bank. But the government
will always make sure that there are always stock in hand.

2. Blood banks need a continuous supply of donations.

● For your information, red blood cells can last 42 days
maximum, while platelets can only be kept for five to seven
days. Plasma can be frozen and if kept in the right
conditions, can keep well for years. While in body, red blood
cells can live up to 122 days then it will die. So, instead of
go wasted, we can save others with donate blood.

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3. One blood donation can save three lives.
● This is the tagline used by the National Blood Bank to
encourage for donating blood. As we all know that there are
3 components in blood that can be used to save live even
after being separated which are red blood cells, platelets
and plasma.
4. Four to five hundred units of blood are needed in a day.
● In a week, National Blood Bank collect around 3,200 units
of blood which each unit contain of 450ml of blood. Also,
the blood donated depends on donor’s weight.
For example:
Donor’s weight: Below 50 kg
Blood donated: 250 or 350ml

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THE CRITERIA THAT QUALIFY SOMEONE TO
DONATE BLOOD.

1. Have a healthy body.
➔ A healthy lifestyle is essential.
2. Age according to National Blood Bank
➔ Ages between 18-65 years old who ever donated
➔ Age between 18-60 years old for first donation.
➔ 17 years old (need to get written permission from mother

/ guardian).
3. Weigh 45 kg and above.
4. Five hours of sleep.
5. Not involved in any high-risk activities
➔Relationship between sexes (homosexuality).
➔Local relationships with both sexes (bisexual)
➔Relationship with commercial sex workers.
➔Exchange sex partners.
➔Drug injection.
6. For women donor
➔Do not breastfeed
➔Not in pregnant condition

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ISSUE RELATED TO BLOOD DONATION

1. Donor who
➔live in United Kingdom (England, North, Ireland, Scotland,

Wales, Isle of Man or Channel Channel) or Republic of
Ireland from 1980 to 1996 for a period of 6 months
(accumulated) or more.
➔living in Europe from 1980 to present for a period of 5 years
(accumulated) or more.

It is because during 80s and 90s, United Kingdom faces a
serious fatal disease known as ‘Mad Cow’ or in cows, the disease
is called Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). in humans,
it’s called variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). This disease
cause by misformed of protein called prion that affect the brain
and lead to death. It’s possible for the prions that cause vCJD to
be transmitted through donated blood even if the donor shows
no signs of disease.

2. Donor who
➔ Scare of blood
➔ Scare of needle

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THE DONATED BLOOD MANAGEMENT METHOD
IN TERM OF STORAGE.

The blood is taken through the veins on the arm. The blood then
is stored in blood bag that contain sodium citrate. The presence
of sodium citrate is to prevent coagulation of blood.

The following are the steps of blood management method in
term of storage:

1. Collected blood is tested to determine its blood type. It is
very important step because it helps to match the donor
with its recipient. The unmatched blood type will lead the
recipient because of blood coagulation.

2. Blood filters are performed for any sign of illness such as
AIDS. The presence of virus in the blood can also be
detected in this filtration. The contaminated blood bag will
be removed for safety.

3. After the donated blood is safe and clean, the blood will be
stored in refrigerator at 4 c for 5 to 10 days or more if the
blood is added with glucose.

4. Then the blood can be used for saving people lives. But
before it is being used, the blood once again will be tested

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for its hygiene and healthy. Then, blood transfusion will
take place at the vein on arm.

This Photo by Unknown Author is This Photo by Unknown Author

This Photo by Unknown Author is This Photo by Unknown Author

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REFERENCE SOURCE

Internet websites

1. https://www.slideshare.net/AuniFikri/sains-darah-
manusia

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_donation
3. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2014/08/

02/things-you-didnt-know-about-blood-donation-only-25-
malaysians-are-donors/
4. https://www.pdn.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content
&view=article&id=168&Itemid=225&lang=ms
5. https://www.health.qld.gov.au/news-alerts/news/mad-
cow-disease-why-cant-donate-blood-breast-milk-tissue-
UK-Britain

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