English Grammar CEFR B1 FORM 4

CEFR
LEVEL: B1

FORM 4

english
grammar

KHOR JING YOU (143939)
LAVANIYA A/P RAMACHANDRAN (141758)
KAUSILIYA RAJANAN (142011)
AMIRAH SYAIRAH BINTI ABD RAHMAN (143338)
ANNA MARDEIA BINTI SANUSI (143107)

table of content

UNIT / THEME FOCUS PAGE

1: AROUND THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 2-7
WORLD USED TO AND WOULD 8 - 13
ADVERBS OF MANNER AND COMPARISON 14 - 18
(PEOPLE AND ZERO CONDITIONALS 20 22
CULTURE) FIRST CONDITIONALS 23 24
SECOND CONDITIONALS 25 27
2: E-MAIL OR 28 31
DIRECT MAIL READING ACTIVITY
(SCIENCE AND PAST SIMPLE 32
TECHNOLOGY) 33 - 34
PRESENT PERFECT 35 - 36
3. PRESENT PERFECT VS. PAST SIMPLE 38 - 44
(HEALTH AND 45 - 47
ENVIRONMENT) MODAL VERBS FOR PREDICTION 48 - 54
MODAL VERBS FOR POSSIBILITY
4. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND PRESENT 56 - 60
SCHOOL, JOB AND 61 - 65
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
LIFE INTENSIFIER 66 - 74
(PEOPLE AND
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS 76 - 80
CULTURE) 81 - 86
LINKING WORDS 87 - 92
5 93 - 99
(CONSUMERISM EI HE .. AND NEI HE ..N
AND FINANCIAL)
WISH + PAST VERB
REPORTED SPEECH

ANSWER SHEETS

people and culture

00 around the world

REFLEXIVE ADVERB OF
PRONOUNS MANNER AND
COMPARISON
USED TO AND
WOULD

1

notes

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Reflexive pronouns are pronouns that end with self (singular) or selves
(plural).

are used when referring to the subject in a sentence.
Subject = Object

For example:
She walked herself to the library. (She walked to school on her own.)
He hurt himself while cutting onions. (She cut his own finger.)

Subject Reflexive
form pronouns

I myself

Singular You yourself in the
He himself room.

She talk to herself

It itself

You yourselves

Plural They themselves

We ourselves

2

exercise 1.1.1

Complete the dialogues below with the correct reflexive pronouns.

1 Do you like the The robot is

new robot I amazing. It can

bought you? change

to a car.

2 He travels by
Who is he
to

travelling with? Manila for a

business trip.

3

I hurt
What happen
while

to your leg? running at the

park.

4 Do you live No, I don t. She
with your lives by
grandmother? at the
village.

3

5

I don t think I You should believe
can finish this in .
I know you can do
in an hour.
this.

6

It is licking

What is that clean after playing
cat doing? outside.

7

This painting is Thank you. I drew
so beautiful. it .

4

exercise 1.1.2

Choose the correct reflexive pronouns to complete the sentences.

1. Everyone! The food is ready. Please help .
a. yourself
b. yourselves
c. ourselves

2. We enjoyed at the party.
a. themselves
b. yourselves
c. ourselves

3. Nana and Ali solved the mathematics problem .
a. themselves
b. himself
c. ourselves

4. My family and I are going to build a tree house .
a. yourself
b. themselves
c. ourselves

5. I want all of you to behave .
a. myself
b. yourself
c. yourselves

6. The workers are going on a vacation by .
a. himself
b. themselves
c. ourselves

5

exercise 1.1.3

Fill in the blank with the correct reflexive pronouns.

1. Amir introduces to the whole class.

2. Siera keeps blaming for failing the examination.

3. I do not trust anyone except for .

4. You should experience bungee jumping .

5. The satellite navigation device can find the route .

6. They play the instrument .

7. We compete among in the competition.

8. Ja den and Amy, please clean before going to bed , Aminah

told her children.

9. Raju and I should have gone to the party by .

10. Mei Mei turns into a beautiful lady.

6

exercise 1.1.4

Find 8 mistakes in this diary. Cross out the mistakes and write the correct
answer above the words.
For example:

himself
Amin baked the cookies herself.

TRIP TO THE BEACH

My friends and I took myself to the beach in Langkawi, last
Sunday. There were so many locals and tourists enjoying themselves at
the beach. Calum, one of my friends went swimming by themselves while
Nana and I ent to the caf . Please help o rself ith the food , the
waitress told us as soon as we get to the café. We ate so much that it
feels like our stomachs were going to burst. We went back to the beach
and build the sandcastle ourselves. Laila was busy carrying the pail with
some water himself to build our sandcastle. While digging the sand, I
found a small crab wondering by himself. Before going back home, my
friends bought himself some souvenirs for their family and friends. I got
ourselves a stuffed crab as a memory of the trip. We had so much fun
and I always told myself that I will definitely come again to this beach.
When I reach home I was greeted by my mother who was smiling at me
and she told me, Ne t time bring s along and do not ha e f n b
o rsel es . I nodded and smiled back to her.

7

notes

used to and would

are used when talking about repeated actions or habits in the past that do not
happen anymore.
I used to go hiking every month b t no I don t an more.
I would go hiking e er month b t no I don t an more.

Both sentences have the same meaning.

Mimi used to have a tricycle when she was young.
Mimi would have a tricycle when she was young.

Would is not suitable in the second sentence as the action had already occurred in
past.

(used to + the base form of a verb) remember you need to
I used to take the bus to work. use the base form of a
I used to taking the bus to work. verb after the words used
(would to + the base form of a verb)
I would go fishing every weekend. to and would
I would went fishing every weekend.

8

HOW TO USE THEM? Sometimes used to
and would cannot be
USED TO
used in the same
sentence.

is used with stative verbs such as understand, think, love and feel.

I used to love fishing every weekend.

I would love fishing every weekend.
Would is not used with stative verbs.
is used for actions that happen in a longer period of time.

I used to think of a great idea while drinking coffee this morning.
I used to drink coffee in the morning but now I prefer tea instead.

The first sentence is incorrect as thinking of an idea happens suddenly. The action
might not be repeated.

The second sentence is correct as the action is repeated for certain period of time.

WOULD
is used for actions that happen many times.

When Lisa was a student, she would always sleep late.
Lisa would live in Tokyo before she bought a house in Osaka.

Would cannot be used in this sentence as Lisa only bought the house once. It
does not occurs repeatedly.

is used to talk about temporary events or actions.

My grandmother would sometimes baked cookies for Christmas.
Daniel would often forget the date of his birthday.
Daniel often used to forget the date of his birthday.

9

exercise 1.2.1

Re rite the sentences sing o ld instead of sed to . Write not s itable if the
word cannot be replaced.
Example:

a. He used to play football every evening at the park.
He would play football every evening at the park.

b. Nina used to own a small bakery in her hometown.
Not suitable

1. Aidan used to like eating meat but now he is a vegetarian.
..

2. Kumar used to have a long hair when he was a student.
..

3. My father used to tell stories about his childhood memories before going to
bed.
.

4. I used to wait for the ice cream shop to open every day after going back from
school.
..

5. She used to dance very well before the accident.
..

6. We used to share our lunch during high school.
..

7. We used to call each other every night to share our problems.
..

8. A lot of customers used to eat at this restaurant until they stop selling
seafood.
..

10

exercise 1.2.2

Fill in the blanks ith sed to or o ld

1. My family and I live in Singapore before moving to Malaysia.

2. We have a small garden at the back of our house.

3. Anika usually bake some cookies for her grandchildren.

4. Dad to work as a waiter when he was young.

5. Every morning I go jogging with my sister.

6. He often walk to school.

7. I never board an airplane as I was scared of height.

8. I to like travelling.

9. Li Wei always drink milk before going to bed.

10. Omar love playing with his toys.

exercise 1.2.3

Complete the paragraph belo ith sed to and o ld .

JESSICA COX

Sometimes we (1) feel hopeless when things does

not turn out like we wanted. However, we should not give

up and always try our best to achieve our goals. Jessica Cox

was born without arms but that did not stop her from achieving

her dream. Jessica s parents ne er anted to make her feel different so

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they send her to a regular school. She (2) do all of the activities

like other normal children did. She (3) wear a prosthetic arms but she

felt uncomfortable. So she decided to take it off and do things with her legs. She can

drive, pump gas, play piano and insert contact lenses using her feet. When she was a

child, she (4) daydream of being a superwoman on the swings. She is the first

person to become an armless pilot and black-belt in taekwondo. She has proven that

nothing is impossible if you are determined, hardworking and believe in yourself.

J.K. ROWLING

Behind every success, there (5) always be

challenges that need to overcome. J.K Rowling is another

inspiring person that (6) work hard to

achieve her dream. She likes to read book and wanted to be

a writer ever since she was young. She (7) write and tell stories to her

sister. Rabbit is the first book that she wrote when she was 6 years old. She (8)

be an English teacher in Portugal before moving back to the United

Kingdom. She was jobless at that time. She (9) live in a small

flat and (10) go to cafes to write the Harry Potter novel, which is now

become the bestselling novels. She (11) write the novel on a typewriter.

She (12) receive a lot of rejection letters before a small publishing

company agreed to publish her novel. She had won numerous awards and sold a lot

of copies for her Harry Potter novel. Her novels were also adapted to movies. She

inspires and encourages others to never give up in what you are doing to achieve

success in life.

12

exercise 1.2.4

Find the errors and rewrite the correct sentences in the space provided.
1. Nabila used to living with her grandmother before she moved to the city.
Nabila used to live with her grandmother before she moved to the city.
2. Bitto o ld finished his home ork earl before bed b t no he doesn t.
3. I would spent a lot of money for food when I first got my paycheck.
4. Amran used to always bring his children to the beach every weekend.
5. Shasha would like eating cereal with milk at breakfast.
6. I would smoke when I was a teenager, but now I have stop.
7. He used to worked as a waiter before becoming an actor.
8. Gopal would play archery before he injured his hand.
9. Farah would woke up early to watch her favourite show.
10. Jessica used to often play badminton at the park in the evening.

13

notes

adverb of manner and comparison

What is adverb of manner?

It is used to describe or give more information about verbs or actions.

Tell us how the verb or action is carried out.
She clapped her hand happily. Showing how she clapped her hand.

usually placed after a verb or at the end of a sentence.

Hisham work hard to become a policeman.

Diana did her homework lazily

often formed by adding ly at the end of the adjectives such as bravely, quickly,
slowly, easily, and correctly.

However some adverbs of manner do not change form at all such as hard, fast,
late and wrong.

Kamila will come late to the party.

We can use adverb to
compare between two

or more things.

comparative superlative

is used when comparing between is used to compare a thing or person

two things or actions. with others of the same category.

HOW TO USE THEM?

1# One-syllable adverb

er and est are Comparative Superlative
added Faster Fastest
Harder Hardest

14

Comparative is Earlier than The earliest
followed by than Higher than The highest
and superlative
begins with the . superlative
most slowly
2# when the adverbs ends with -ly most angrily

More and most are Comparative superlative
used Best
more slowly Worst
more angrily

3# Irregular verbs

Adverb Comparative
Well Better
Badly
Worse

exercise 1.3.1

Someone left a secret letter to Adverb Man. Help him to solve the mystery.
Circle all of the adverbs in the letter.

Dear Adverb Man,
I am terribly sorry for not being able to meet you in person. I was at the café
waiting for you but I hurriedly went to see my friend when she called me anxiously
asking for help. I immediately drove myself to her house. I was afraid something
bad might happened to her. When I arrived at her house, someone was banging
the door loudly and shouting angrily. I nervously walked to the front door. I
desperately need your help. Please come and see me as fast as you can.

Write the initial word
of the adverb to find

T the clue the sender
left me.

15

exercise 1.3.2

Circle the suitable adverbs to complete the sentences.

1. Aimi speaks Mandarin now than 2 years ago.
a. fluent
b. more fluently
c. most fluent

2. She explained out of all the tutors.
a. clearer
b. more clearly
c. most clearly

3. He pours the water in his glass.
a. more
b. most
c. less

4. He arrived than expected to the meeting.
a. later
b. latest
c. most latest

5. Her sister used to play chess than her.
a. badly
b. worse
c. worst

6. He took the time to complete the task.
a. longer
b. more longer
c. longest

16

exercise 1.3.3

Fill in the blanks with suitable form of adverbs from the words in the brackets.

1. She speaks in the room. (loud)
2. He worked than his friend in completing the project. (hard)
3. He can draw than her brother. (beautiful)
4. I woke up among my family. (early)
5. Mimi finished her food
6. He fights than her brother. (fast)
7. She had the than his opponent. (aggressive)
8. Mei Lin runs the experience last summer. (badly)
9. Jenny sings
10. Ahmad sleeps in the competition. (quick)
than the original singer. (well)

than his roommate. (sound)

17

exercise 1.3.4

Choose the suitable adverb to complete the sentence. Change the form of the
adverb to comparative or superlative if needed.

slowly safe quiet
noisy hard long
farthest dramatic gracefully
seriously

1. She acts more than the main actress.

2. She can stare than her brother.

3. Jamil talks in the library.

4. Snail moves more than rabbit.

5. The little boy jumps the among the competitors.

6. Her mother handled the situation more than her father.

7. Laila speaks more than her teacher.

8. Farid drives than his grandchild.

9. Gina tries to solve the problem in her classroom.

10. Hanim s teacher dances than her.

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UNIT 3:
HEALTH

AND
ENVIRONMENT

AT THE END OF THE UNIT, YOU WILL ABLE TO:

LEARN MORE ABOUT MODAL VERBS FOR PREDICTION
DIFFE E IA E ILL A D G I G
LEARN ABOUT MODAL VERBS FOR POSSIBLITIY
LEARN ABOUT PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
USE AND DIFFERENTIATE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

37

3.1 What is modal verbs of prediction ?

Verbs that are used to predict future events based

on judgement or present evidence.

Verbs that are used to describe future events:

INFO
CORNER
MODAL VERBS

Used to talk about
possibility, willingness,
ability, certainty and
permission .
Examples of modal verbs:
can, could, will, would,
going to, shall, should

38

WILL How can I
use will in a
SENTENCE FORM sentence?

will + infinitive without to

Affirmative I, You, He, She, will work.
It, We, You, They

Negative I, You, He, She, will not
It, We, You, They work.

Question Will I, you, he, she, work?
it, we, you, they

To express a FUNCTION To express willingness
prediction of future Example:
based on personal o The phone is ringing. I
judgement or
intuition. will get it.

Example: When we decide to do
o Tomorrow will be something at the
moment of speaking.
another cold day in Example:
most of the countries. o Would you like

o I don t think he will something to drink?
come tonight. I will have some
orange juice.

39

EXERCISE 3.1.1

Comple e he en ence ing ill + infini i e .
1. I __________ (call) you once I reach the station.
2. Don orr ! I ___________(be) caref l.
3. I promise I _________(write) to you when I reach home.
4. She ___________( not tell) anybody your secret.
5. He __________(send) you an email as soon as he gets the answer from the

teacher.
6. You have a headache. I ______(get) you some medicine.

EXERCISE 3.1.2

Ma ch each en ence i h a f nc ion of ill .

Function of will: 1. A: A promise B: A prediction

C: A decision D: An offer

1. There will be a thunderstorm tonight.

2. He will help you with your homework.

3. My brother will get your car from the workshop.

4. The lawyer will prepare the agreement once the deal is made.

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GOING TO

SENTENCE FORM

be + going to + infinitive

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION

I am not I am not Am I

You are going to You are going to Are you going to
not eat. not eat. eat?
He is not Is he
She is not He is not Is she
It is not She is not Is it
It is not Are we
We are not Are you
You are We are not Are they
not You are
They are not
not They are
not

To express prediction FUNCTION To express a prior plan
based on present
evidence Example:
o I am going to have
Both will and going to
can be used to make shower.
prediction if she/he
thinks it will occur in o I am going to paint
the future my room tomorrow.

Example: 41
o Hurry up! It s getting
late. You re going to
missbethe train.

o Look at the black
clouds. It is going to
rain.

EXERCISE 3.1.3

Fill in the blanks using going to and the verbs in the bracket.
1. What ____________ (you/wear) at the party on Saturday?
2. He decided that he ____________ (not/leave) school this summer.
3. Where __________ she __________ (stay)?
4. Helen and Mike _______________ (to spend) their holidays in Paris.
5. _____________ (Are/leave) the house?

EXERCISE 3.1.4

Create q e ion ba ed on he erb gi en ing going o .
Example: He/ trip: Is he going to the trip?

1. You/ the library this weekend.
_____________________________________?
2. He/ bake a cake .
______________________________________?
3. Children/ funfair tomorrow.
______________________________________?
4. Mei Lin/ buy new dress.
______________________________________?
5. She/ miss the bus.
______________________________________?

42

Are you able to differentiate how to use will and going to ?
Well, if you don t, lets look at this example.

We use both will and going to in predictions about future, but there is a difference.

Will: Used to describe about Going to: Used to describe about
what we think or believe will something in future which we
can see as a result of something
happen in future. in the present.

That boat does not look very Look at the boat! It is going to
safe. It will sink in that heavy sink.
sea.

43

EXERCISE 3.1.5

Fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs of prediction.

1. Would you like tea or coffee? I ____________ (to have) coffee.
2. Watch out! You ________________ ( to hurt) yourself.
3. I fi e o clock alread . We ________________ ( o mi ) he rain.
4. Sara ____________(to come) to the party. Oliver __________(be) there as

well.

5. After I graduate, I ______________(to attend) medical school and become
a surgeon.

6. As soon as the weather clears up, we ___________(to walk) down the park
and go jogging.

7. If o don op b ll ing her, I ____________ ( o ell) the headmaster.
8. The damage we do to our environment today___________(to affect) the life

of future generation.
9. Do you want to go shopping with me? I _____________( go) to the

shopping mall downtown.

10. Oh! I e pilled coffee on m hir . J a min e. I ___________( get) a
damp cloth for you.

EXERCISE 3.1.6

Circle the correct answer.
1. That glass is near the edge. I think it (will / is going to) fall.
2. Next month, I (will / am going to) buy a new video game.
3. After work. James and Nicollet ( will / are going to ) watch a new
movie.
4. One of the computers broke down yesterday, so we ( will / are going
to) buy a new one soon.
5. The sky is clear today. It (will/is going to) be a nice day.

44

3.2 What are modal verbs of possibility?

Modal verbs of possibility are used to talk about the possibility
or to express uncertainty in the present and future.
Verbs that are used to describe possibility:

MAY

Might is usually a little sure than may.
Could is normally less sure than may or might.

PRESENT POSSIBILITY

Sentence form:

Example: There is someone at the door. It may be Sarah.
Look at Ahmad! He might be in a hurry to the interview.
Don ea ha f i I co ld be oi ono

Example: They may be having dinner at the moment.

45

PAST POSSIBILITY

Sentence form:

Example: I cannot find my pen. I might have dropped it earlier.
She may have been at the cinema last night.
Peter is late. He might have missed his train.
I cannot find my wallet. You could have left it home.

FUTURE POSSIBILITY

Sentence form:

E am le I ind o ide I ma ain la e on
Chris might come to the open house party next weekend.
That student is really smart. She could be very successful
someday.

46

EXERCISE 3.2.1 INFO CORNER
Negative Possibilities
Rephrase these sentences using the modal

verbs in brackets. o We can use negative form of
Examples: may not and might not to
Perhaps she is ill. (may) = She may be ill refer to future possibility but
Perhaps they went out. (might) = They might have gone out. could not is only used when
we are certain that something
is impossible in the past.

1. Perhaps you are right. (could) o Example: She could not have
_________________________. taken the car; she does not
have a key.
2. Perhaps she will win the race. (might)
________________________________.

3. Perhaps she forgot about the meeting. (may)
______________________________________.

4. Perhaps they were asleep. (might)
_____________________________.

5. Perhaps he does not know the answer. (may)
______________________________________.

6. Perhaps they left early. (could)
__________________________.

7. Perhaps he is not coming now. (might)
_________________________________.

8. Perhaps I will see you tomorrow. (may)
_________________________________.

9. Perhaps they are going on holiday. (could)
____________________________________.

10. Perhaps she did not catch the bus. (may)
___________________________________.

47

3.3 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS VS
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

SENTENCE FORM

PRESENT PREFECT PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS SIMPLE

Have/has + been + verb-ing Have/has + past participle

Example: They have been Example: I have completed
learning English for 2 years. my homework.

Have/has + not + been + verb- Have not/Has not + past
ing participle
Example: They have not been Example: I have not
learning English for 2 years. completed my homework.

Have/Has + been + verb-ing Have/Has + past participle?
Example: Have they been Have you completed your
learning English for 2 years? homework?

48