daaqiFrW djjpaaadiikraaafa ‘ ewd^s ’ ! ’ 'as^a s^sSassiJ 55 3
^od5 ‘ a&«?sdd? ^adcs, 3s (s&rasdSj diaoiaa^redEV. aoda
rttfid Jiodaadidri&jdi ?Ji33oa^),’' aoQd. a233ddJ3add d
aa^4 d,a|dd, ss&sftfw, ada?d zSjseqd^ daao3ad sra^dra^ dJ30djaaad4 J)CaFC&idi4di. cjddododi? diiSa^ijSF
ri«?oda d *d srandad draedrisrtea d^dadid- 'add da?d did d£) snadj^odawaddre, ‘ ^®sd ^?r? «0da, aow
OQ <w’ *5 d,|^ y&ra?dd? sadra a^df'da, Bdffa,ddE daaoira^? ssdra
Jjn^odd' essaqsadra d^oSaoia d^o&aod d^add ds aa^j
ad d?sa . •ad? ddaodaaaadd ada^a. s^d da?e3 di d^dradfi
daqs^coaoddd^ postiOri draodraaaddd^ a^ooaodaua d^d d^.d^.dS) daq^Eaa oddoda eofVUjUj djdzpaddP daa.odaaasd#,
u aafid aoda saread d. djdodd dda^ad d,vad4 ‘ !A) ?!3qSd;3af\di44?ccJjddi da^^cra oddjy. d^pcrdj^F dtddcd^
aoeo ^desad^ sadcaaadd «da adaa^a^qdrcdSoSae wud^cdaa^na
rid?da. marked d « srod^s ‘ aou ^dcoadd) asra^djac^aa ad^es doesT: ssdjOijFo aow 2oroodd,d5<^t®*5aft daq^&craoddO
o&ada. •ada d^adaad d^dmadrodd asa^djacSd d^dcsadd^s
Oofttf daad d^^daeodadp dddjad^d enadjdF, aodd wriw fsafoa
b?j djd^sad d?d4 djdsacaaariididi so?rt? wsads rfo^-radt sadras^#, ?ra^rof>di^)di. d^.dj.d spadrivad&E? adaddfi
aow d?d4 djdaaraaadd do^jads aow d^dsadd) sra^djacadaari Jidre|j?jd Q?dodaO daq3^toa od^ t3aqid;3afadi44)> drocdjaaadd
d?da. s^dsadd Eajdaacidaadd ewd^odaa daaaijSarijSe^a. ddavadftd,a^44.)- 5 de 4)134, “ w,o^ dad^ djdod.riVgJdad. da?<d
add^ adiaafo^d^ aodd d^dd aou &a?d4 aa^d aaoSada. »^d d^d,4 ddjadaadidi," aoda ‘ 4a?«3 d;«d.’
aow daad^aod djaiodaad «3qSF£>d?dd<D djdodri'fd ddrad
aodd na^4 ^dj^^aad iaqiF£jadi4as5aadid0od esj3ja;d^
aacSada. dada es^dd^ad adodidO ^odiwdad dddod^aadd dddod^aad dd^
aoa ‘’
adOfa ^dtScias^aqdd^a^sscOei^sid).—asdd^i?dd^)a,o«3^ sadc’aaa,Sroiw2Joda^adadsa;dasdo4d aad d^dj4 djdod^d dddodjd ? esda d^dojaadd eda*,
djdodJciaria4^
«rt% dddod)aaria4da ? dada, wr!% d^dod, aow ssqirde
dasd^^d odod^_ &B?§d:>4Q^4od} ^ aa^d a^aa^od:.
fcododi? doo&iydjd d d^«35T;o aow“ ad ^raFOda ”d dMaw aa^ aowad? daqd^saaod. ds 0^4“ dodo^" d®,
dd^ aajS^dsiradid 13^^044, ‘ ^d^^odai aa^daspard da% ^dJiSadffsaodjao aoqsr^daa dd^F! aotoaaara ^dj^dj^ •
daa^ed»^?sa53a?i aoda add? a^,’ aoda ^eaF<S>a?od)4)^^. d dosid dd,d,^, wda^dd^ ^
djdjda^d. aa)daspaFd4 daaa&ja^dj^odaw, doa^?dai?aada S®«*1 "4 w dd„d,4 djod dodaaaj, ^aduladaad JiBj>od
^odaa daaad^?^ aoda ?jro od. ■ad^ adad aafa doa^?d^^S®> Aadrerdodaoi dsd.dod, a^adad ddjd d^ »T% i>od,i*
* fcfVpad*, u4 sadca^? d^aadaa^deade? ^
ro^cdaa esdaasd^fdjd aoda d^.^.d jiCsrSa. ds aqiaad ^
oda4 djaodraOTdaaria4d? maadda daqi^’jCas odaariuadda ^^Badca aodd d^d ^ ?sad^ ^?*d od,a3ddj. * ^
dortjdaaft aadsaaddai ?$. *e*d St** 41 w ?
ra r*
* § a #An teiV **** *** *8cri5*B#d^ ■ade d^deadO do%ododdd^ dratfdod art^ad. 39 <3<rfo
‘ £rfod*«*.—‘a«*ft,Bto;3eWdi ®i590*‘^ ^°w:i *** ^Urf ysljCSafcO ?^dd^art »>ow aqSrrf^ d^qSrfS
4da *%■ *■><*
dredoo i|^-^-^)’“ %^sojod^ddF^, d^dod^?
art «aj^5 aa; aOodJaddra 'a°a!|i3 adi olodj 'ad') *°do sS?^c3. fcnaosa
;da^,--aod? doooaad spadrf^ ^dc®. ddojd w,d^ mda^i jpa oadddo lie^aii o$d deodoad aad4 fo^Aadodo 39<dodWo.
a?saa?d,d?dod dd^d* wo^^l *orf;i ^l^^dd, dddoj, aodd dddja^ood d^aad wri^d a;3(# dd^rWO
ad) d^ojaan uodod) a^**e*; doi^droo^da. dtA d^riw #<u4 <aodo dm o3dd U^r^oqi^ d^dd^rtert d s’^dboa
wododlsf rtfl^g' aodd, ado doaodoaaad. ^ ^ dow a^Fdd^^*^^ jjs^dd^ doododjdc aowodd^ ddoaFdjaj
i3dd(#o. u tJ3r dooa daad ri oqSdO cc^rt #odouoddoa, ado
E?addf dJaodoaaad^, dojaa aow d^doeodod) ^do^doqiFo ^sj aa,djaa#, aodd &rae3#d s^odo 3?ojode#o. sra^add d^.d,.
r^oqid? #s ataaddjaS odoo# aadd#;dd^&a<dowdoaaAioi. iirtara
cS«>o^O— sd00o3^cd
doijdod ad^d rt,oqirt^O ^d^do^d. < jScdrt .SSododo ’ aou
1 epadd? ddaodoaaad^, saqd^ i5odo r^oqdd Soldo, aqdF. adi tofqiddo r^oqreoddrts?^ ^J3«dO, d^doa^itj*^ a^^^daou
dodoFdsaddO a^ododod jpad. ^a^odsdo^dasd dodo^ B?sasaddo adaodoaad aa^4 ddo^d,
2o?id aisaddoadod d^.d^d zpadri'Ja^oa, ddaodoa® ^esaFodo^dad doa^ d^aaft adoraa $Fdd^ #radod aa^d aqred
dde dojaadodfi, adadp dodoFd^ddO ddzo a^dfi^ ?>aavO!i Sod ^o^tra^dradodd eprao djdo^odod^ ^Sodao d,odo^do
doaodiaaaddd^ drooedodld^ d^^^aaftd aodoa ^todoadcio. 4dc,od, ■ad? “sd ^doaj^d ” n,oqdd «nodj;ira?ddoc5ad#j4>
asuoa^dda^cdood dj^.dj.dd^ soodd dJado^d e^odo odrad) rtoreaan d# daad as^ado^jd? aou>d^ ridoj>dd 6 odoo# aario
ieodoaaddo. hzs^oi d^^rt^o dja^^azsadris1^ adaodddi
44). awaodoFdo draodjaaadd^ a^addoadod zparidfi^ a^dori aodd aa#gdOo3o? y^uaddo ds^aojpa aouO d^
aodd < ds^wa?^ ’ aowqdrd^ #jsUo,, ds doos^d^odoo a^?
dreaddort aado ado^d^ acjaddra^a. sruoaoddred, add,* dooo3ad ddF eri^rioa ad aodo df'?do33id. ^oqra^odd^
tjas0i artaadodses^rio aoa f\?ssaa^ ujsacdoFdo dredodddo ds ddd^dd^ dododouaddou aodd^ doatfdao,
aqiFd^ rtdo^rtfifcs:—tsrteo, ad^ aod? dooosaddataSaodJddSd Idd^odoO aa^dfo^a^aorisio daa «a$de d^dua qdFdodo d?$,
sal>dd-»dota>, aodd d^odoo dsa^aat^ aow doosi^qdFdS
de*4do adodjpad aodo awaojoFdo ?3adjac3a«qiFdO s^odjaa. •^rioad ddFdd^rifrto OToldow dosad^doeodod^ t>£,w?*ddo.
®^do sato^d a^a?od dM d,do?odod & adoaari ad^ adod aaA dodoudod aa^djd^
aodo ^doo^do adodepad, adf aadodaa d aod^ daao^do &G?4do&oad, “d^ ^doaja^^ldfsa” aodo aa^djacSdaad adodod^
^*d odjaf^iodo^ d&dddo dj 0(3 eSedodsaadd dred^d^od
«cfioa aow d. ^-dP to o^ djadwdoaad ddjd esdsadaa. ds d^ddradO azaaodoFdo
ed^rodd^ OTdd^i «»aaioFdo ^odjaaVdoddJSf " ^lii^Fodo ” dO, ddFxTj^odjodoa d,®aaad,3u°4do I ddr^
«M^^dted Tdo dM TOd£9fc^.;
ftabtf-wii(a»od Jddodd ^ °»«9!Sjt^!jj*otoF3» doae^reo I ddF^4odo3dosFe4f)F3aa
esddo 4 d=<o•*%* ^»S« s** ^ ^doqj .sad#, dddi ^d^Araeggd | ileai^^dd ddFeaadoed »d d3jj«d8s II aodo
%*« &acduad ddr aril rioa doomed©
w3odowaddo,
i
FV
■ad{ dodqiFdS ridoqoddf^ad doioaododad. d^. ^ £>oaaqiFd0 &Bao'd&dorfdo. dt esqjp^j jJo^ofc
saddo ddofe deaoqid erojgsena^d, “ w JoqSaod (d^. ^ sa^d S^doessaa^coioo aow trodsad^aaA^do.
r^oqdaod) aua dtaa^odrWja ©ddjtsadasoo&daaAdcdooaoodqi) floras^ aqiF:—“ ds wddo, doUo^d^od doooi3 d^dod aaA
dd^sad^dS doqo&doad doSiraeddodo dsnadd? ddo& ado& ddFSsidcaaad Jiao^aod d^ow a^^qSf aa^do. ”—s^otsaqiFdO
rt^od aaddd daoa^dosad”, aodo ivqScrio a^Ud© odotpfy
tw^sad ‘ d^pFt^do ’ aoio dto^ ‘ djdo^ssad ddFsadca ’ aoto
«dqj^ snodajadqSdoaduo aiodqsatpss^aib;^ adodFrteqio. ^ja^do 0ijiFrf^ T^aori^ddf 1 Atsa ’ nn qSodo yqsajoio vs qSoio
3a d. e^rtshD dradonaA kodd^ aisaddreadd aodj^jdertp &atdd aff aoso dddja^ddaad dd^ s^aj^qi doadoaart,
»»^i wdsacrioad tfs^sarsadtSosad -ad^s d^Ftddos ed.
■ad? c^jCriod? aq^oaodo^do aoaodo ^.ddd d^d^adod d.~ jttJjJtgtfdjFsajadodad d;|pFtd dosa^adl a^stfdu sd^pred do
vi^od 4^(3, “ The Chandogyn passage ‘dd^d??3^) do^fddort
’ has loeen translated thus. “ There was only Sat, O Somya, ddpe^eodoi li—(yd3oaaSo;3aA v^f dodo^ sadoSodj aow eqiFdtD
dddiasyort d^s aodo soddo; ad#, < d^Ff^do ’ aodqiF;
before this (the world) began. The translation is clearly inaccurate
for the nominative is Idam and not Sat ” aodo odjadoa? qSdA ^dod^FS^ari'dqi^d^e d;§pF?d do; ddod <£>d’ aow
to 4 ‘ dqSpFe^do ’ ao&o aqiF^j^do), aodo aStScoa 6. io?d
Joqid^ dja&ddoddo; di sadra qSqj^ 3^- ?>• ®^»o dddoad^qd ddFsadra^A d^pFt^do qooto uqSFd^? do^odo
*odo estjsjajOioujayjdoea^d. 'aoA^t&^Sdod id,oqid doadrsojo
estjlssiajaioado:—■“ ^0. r^oqioad^o < ddtd?fJ^!)dOj5ddortJ «wd dssad^qoad a'ddoessaa^ttdoo qoowodo fcrooddo^di.
e?j?3r ’ »oow ejjaodia?r^sa^#, « Kdd qi doadsoo di^oto ddcd doaedo^eddori, uhva* qoow soad^d dcoiKsd do^naodod
t^E^qod do ’ aodo tpasaoed doasdos^^. ■ado dDodoy. d^odd sqiF^ feeAdossari, d^.d,. sadotf esdd dedoioaudodo de^do
< w^t^ado,’ sow CjOdadd^ < d3r=20)^qio ’ ^oaoodo u^f £odo ssq^d ? d#odd add d?io^^) doatSdod m^f^ doq^dn^odd^?
esddo dt^dodo d^. w ^odoadd^ < ado=ds Kddo^ ’ iooioodo ddo'dtf djadodo.ld. “ t^d^uad^o ” odo^ dra&do^jdd dojao^
^d^Fdd.”—d>o?rf^ ds thodqodn^4dd^ sSrdod d^ddcadg
doqi^Jjtaa oddq^_? doa&do°ded t3ouu#P>doqi)do doaq^qjad-Cjdo
ojoqradOjdsad dOjd^qio^deadJadj dj^ drot^odo. ds sadcaQod dd^ rtocad? d,o£>& waad gadesaod uoartq^djwozo tAid^ri wdo^)
do& qoow d^^d, " That thou art ” qoodo do^d^qio^dcadjadrorf naddoa, adOod doq^nitsaod^ esdsad sa^jdaario^Q^^ ?
ado do^dcdo ssqiFdqio^ deoiraA d^adoaad draad aa^naddSjdod
tpasaodd adodoioio? di ^^dasa^^ qoasaoddad. dedodo
?jt3a odd d^^cQood do^doioqi^ djaoado^jdo djd ddaoaoadodtuOooddo t*odo dr^ do^.^ro oddol dOjdoio
«arl dredOsodou w^fd^) qj^ r^oqS^ doioo^do^Q^. doeeOjO^
* do?ddodoi a^wdo • iV^
tpasaoddQod^^Aod doadeoo tsrid ? ado^ qoou aqSFdoa, ssd^
ad. 2ofi^ wt^o^jdqi^ doaq^oadddo sooa^11 e#?jt3f aoto ^oSoi^ ^oteA d^d wa»od0 d»0rt®^ wd»3^«J8f IS
•ado aouodo ^d^Fdeo, d3r aoaod? dd Fdd; -ado aotood^j *8ao^d^ doqida Uoa?do ? *qSo^d ??
< arid qi ’ aodqSF,’' aou tood do^cjaoiodd^ d|dd?do.
^{;j *»«*V*dort, ««■» aoao »»i.§ ..is isi ***^ *^25 Srt*f,rfd3 erod?osid qi uqiFi^a|!,doOTr!,adra<i5F“? *.* '
?odaodd esqiF:—-ado w^artdt «d ^dro^eooSol d^sreddodj ^iw^rfqio ^jadaaddo. sadesaorf ->
^tdocoa ddeddsa^dotfo «,^4d vW tjddFd !| a0do oa^?od,
<%. S»o«, “‘
rt =H*%0Si Wld F£ 1
rodd^d^ s°?*d d^ed w?lt3f £>oa wdjjdy sld^obd^ds # djsdy d,^. d,. ^ doq^drood d^eobd^ it
ssbdew »radl3d aodi jpsdrtyj ddFqraroqi^do. enjaaddefi^
&ro odd esqiFdeyakd£)d^u*d ? ‘ w^^od ^^asd ^ri® <1 i
■r
aodi jpsrtd^d $djdrt^art d^c^o ’ ’a^cj 38 ^ w^dnaqiFriert dert ssdra
fo?rt d^asds^ddO 5?&3djSd i>oaodd^ drai3*^d. d^ #jse yddoicdi? jia^droqiFrtjfrtro ?radcs#oa3(* eddrooa^,”
ftrood#j S)<d.rad;)dcrad doa^sszssabF d^dri* ^d^dd^rt^ ^odo cd?*^,d. diq^&aaodroid&rae, “ dddred^* !§?a#^dddi
rt^ob^ dMa^qiFdO de^de* <sou s^&eoisd^ rtdo^Frte^
j§fd#), ddFdjdod, s**^ ddFd^ d^derad draddO droo^dro
dtftri djs^edrori, aJies' aoa *^abO^ dded .aoasSdid i>d hdo5^)cdo°^j adoj^irtiEsroirt dddja^dO jradF^'drod, rodFssO
ssdd wyd?S^ Jrtd>&raoa*4ri?Si (dradjs didodswsddi— drod ^dyad rtocsrt^d^ df^dfssdjdi wdd^, dddro
3^. d,. ddd, eqraF^ dd^ es^Fdodo ?lraz3?jcd, < 'ado ’ <aowi ij> dro^crojodjsdrodjd}. adj rodF^sO^rodd djdj
d^ < ts^o1' ’ aoW3d#j d^Fdd draa&sodsdOod <ua rod rod dasqSF^p RBdFBsO^nartiSfTOdto*. 2o?rt rodF^Odrod
d^^Fd^ aUj^Jsify^dd© d^b? aod:> ${tfwa*d3. d
toqiFd^ dfcraass^rt* ^d^dodi ^doja4^),” ioa? daorod
°$F$ dried dfledo^ridort aftes* <doa ro>^d d^oad 2?srtrod djsddodi^jdi. ddo?>cr ^jddJ^a^^ odroov^rtrj55fta^d
ft^doeroSj3eoi)o doeojd^ es^odad^d rortdc&oasdc enj^d.
'W $• radd;> ^^d aqiFdoi art* ab^d^o# dfid djsdrodod^. ds^cro^^) r^^dFo^OusTOdd ^)^ro)rt^^)d^,
Odd, ode esa^eabrortdeeraoib*. aarodd enid^d*1 ddw,^
aduadd es?>^d^do^)dj. ds ^sa^^droqiFrtvo d^cds ^ed
<*3dy#od> add *03 odro>do3so3;>*. dfd dasqdFro>rtd^5s*ao. aodfdd^ d^d^d^daod fi^, odas
Wrt* abUj^d^o* dade* art# e a*“ aoa ^d uodosadto*! ^edaod esji^roirto^jdoa da^od^j cood^j? ^draddrond. ^dodd
edro difdrt*^crart d d^ djd^dradfcs ?)dodd ^rort)^*
b%«U>(du^^aaaddgabj*, art^d k&.adc*dSobfi 4dj. ssdd esdaro alfdrt^js sddo# d
^ j ^ siedrt^rto ^^aso^ro, d y aaddra doao# ^ dod^ e^d^dd^rts* w^osdra#^ ^odedradrodocb. o*
S’ f*»'* *fc*V*& * rto* dsrarodjdjdradroidodi. ad? dasod; adydsdoaddasod.
'/] 9V%“' ?»iiO>S> iJ toS# tmjiotoo i tMbiti dddjsd^d aradFosOdasd a^sradd^ d&d^ssddi
^o?d ^draLdsdds:—es»r.s?iasa II ddFSsdreasfs^so w d^sd
T^T*7^ *■&"** #*** «,*, 4 »<, O&fttqreipasiaoasro I ^^deoaotooji* 3« I ^3dsraod®0?i
I rfo^tdtesotao 5S«,^sa »^Ci?S3f 1
^5^#jd dj^Sj^atd osdro*23sdss^,Q3f I
^ dc3Addo<§sdosad ^nrtno ^few**> ’i5iF
^ esa&rae^aoSssqiFs I dd^dosSdo yoa.fs<d^o
^^fbwdod ?>o^d« ^TOd.-.dd^cdd^ ddr^dod^ drir
dt*35,a doo* ecsso d^E®^a^d8 ll_arfd ^ ■
***& ^ dd^Fd^drl?dc ****** s*- " tt8^^o *oa *qraddd wde8:d^ ^
»3- « ^4 5s^.rt«rtj3 usl& sad® ^'odqiF i>^rfd§ ® "
8»odq$F. ^**<<ob8 l)^'"003
13
»o, dod^d?s?cde jJIj, d/sderodiao, (^*j,^**»«*»drt^ aod 4t ;&dd ^^cre^d dozpa^o&s
dddjd s&K?d»d>d)dd ddofcod; ddod ^sro^ari^d^ sso^etj riJ^i ^ dffiao&aod'sao&F
&odd? jissFddradd?^ dodi cradrad^^dtfo ®?^>d)di
iS/adsad ari^,^ d^derod. ^dotd wri^^? «dd> ©dd?gpdra
doode); < ^d^jo^ariocsri^ dddra^d® ddoddado^id) ’ sod) jju_ 4t 5S»^,Q°d d^ojda,” s0B? d^oaad zpsdd?^
d?«doi Jd^j^a ddod qjdoFristo ddFTOudadodjsradodeoti tfdto* ri,o»sid 204 ^d» ^Ud0, “ doiida
od^ dddjd »&ra?daodod:> ■ad^od^F. ad? sdcxd^)« zdoa,^1 d^doddsi^doirada’dd^oradadOod ^^od, eo, sd^od
da osdtod^&did jicra^dcsdjsdid dodzfiFdO addssh erudroa^ cjizttd ds^d&dssd, aodd d^od dl^oiw^ d,dodd) dd^od,
roft&d d....o dod^Fdg ero^sdojodg d?dddd, ddFas^oJ,, ^o,” sow zp^dzjjsdad 53^^S)cd. 4s zjyaddd^ sooadoa o&^&d
ddFd* di^ dradosd ob^u rt^j oof^Ojd^^d.”
d,. 52-53 doi> ^Uii'da i3^.$>. ri,oqSd aof\d;i aa^rtert
&?d ddFd,do^ ^e)d <wdd3^^Ld3 d^^dj^ddod^d d o^53dd3d3£9^ad 2p3tfic)odd?^OjdBd3J3 d^?dcji^rjCj^od^)
^afcd^?®*^ didBodd? ri33$FS33fid Sow tfe^okra 3ocLw&
ddFsra da^^wtid dredi^d3d)dOod d?dsso djsdorad dd^d^i
?^d?)d)^d)- ddod ?jw3 o^da Kd^ ^ sow zpad^j dddB ^3. 53doi> “(d^d ?>03?J^TOdd3) d^dodd) ad^o^
^d ddo^d riocsiH^d^ s^ddo^jd). ds dirari^d^ zd«?? da; di^dd^ d.do^d-fi eso aoW3d;> ^ofcd^&dd^dod}
d^d duri* dddres^d® d^d^obioadi^. es^j Sdzssa^ ^J5f&?jw3 6,” aoad. adi jtot^o?dajj€> eddd«33d. d^.
rodd, sodd adwa^d^o&c^djOb^dd dddra^d^ d'^Fts^ ^<>$4 dxd^od dj3?ddd^_ fs^odidjS?&rd^d di?d asradd
iS?TO*^d3. J^jSSjari* dddjae d dMairtjssrtwdd dd,ddi. dndiedcfr)? 00J3de0, fj^OjOdo^d Zo^dofc ^jdd^ ro(^iradri
Mt^Aaod Kdid z/u^okra d»«i!»rtd?t5?*. edJ Oo. esraddrija ad^d^ja, adad ij3?d#j ridod&fcdadid)^?
(au^^ojii) esdws^rodd d d^s^ajtcari^ja adwiaran “ d^d^d ” d 3s zodddrid sadradf^zodidi. adz^drajd?
emT? \F-t m ?*FES?53rt!3?TOrtj^d3. ?)^,dd3 s^ ao.° ad? 4)k3d£> 3s d?so3d;> ad-^ ^dd^sssd adoiidd^
£?«os zmd^sa&ooaa6.—“ ?|oireob:>3d0.......uudodjpsz^adF
r -w*& d^FCsdoZO ^d^ Borf 3sdddd sre> 4oi ,^)ol3oW3d3 ^^drond,
S3 bdsarii-j 3S)^^odd iioiadraod) stow, szssddjaBdd 3s zododsd o
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*8 wdnaad^a^a.aAradd. dm O^adarori 4.. $. ««#« rf»o®>ddort
dodjrts’a djdj^naAda^)^. aa^aa^ddasdsaaA
: ^jdodj wdawaiiipadi^s daae^cdjdSjt^do wdcaaod^e ^ess o3d& dm odadyaSoda de*d «*%**$.
w dtt9!_“ dftjtfdO aodasaoiiF daadadd^ d^ojaad (*°dd, y*< .ega, esdda’ ddaqSFdd^dad
; ^^od ?iaaF^dyd) a^f'd satdaFrt^ daeacaiaaod aoda sacdar 5®'®. $?ado dm o333 d & oSaod, “ ddw,^t *rfF“ -*
daada^da dodaaoad ; «d3 ds ?s^dad^ u^adodadg sadra/’ *oda 4°i- riflMS o’ ^
odaduadda.”—aodd, AtRoirloql/Wfc ^dO* AJ*iT’>lZ
s-oda tsaodaFdd^_ daadde^dd)
;; aqiaa d^ddeeadd, ^^od«?c d^dead, aodd d^dod c'p,i0" oj Svctantra-“ uaaodaFda ^roo^d /ylaojaF
sad oadFRo^ddd^ ®^?^da^ay. ddod dd^s^d^ JH°da goA da r^oqS^) d^odd? d^^OTO^^- M5io
,i
OOH
rtoo i'1/ly respected teacher Mr. H Subba Rao has guided me I
8od jfcJj*F*a* “dddrad^ $*>*,* <a°w dd^eohd^ ** throughout the preparation ..£ this book with innumerable sugges ■
Ofidfoodafi sooadai d^draa oaaahrd ibcraodd^ d^?, tions and corrections,” (3^ rk&rtvad Stall agr. :
ds df&)d>d d.f3d£>j)od dB^odddrtra ados%d;33dt'kjj?d
jfcd, Sri Madhya's Tsttva-Vada—“ ^{Sb^ dd _pd” aoto Vi
dttodd) 5 e * dtd^^trocr aowadd rfriO'Sg gtfltt aiWjfJt, ;taotf djjdr 1
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^rse'add, ,ad)d^di- addddi ds dfjo^dO dratadod ts^tpsdts
all (SW. duzo eras? aowudd;> LfS^ofog adads^dt ds e3?sodd ■i'i
addd) d^d asrij^jdj.—ds eSeai^cd© 4^. dj. ssddi todd dii^a Id* iiodi ddrdo^jdi. ■adaod ds b&ioh sraqkdjdd^ atred
dreaddofd ds “ dd ^asd ” aoto tStadd atssd j^ds d?$ydock ’
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df^ya saqi^dy. ad^ enidsroddssA d.aa.d ewddocoDd tfrari i
^oad, dod^ ^*fo*d dremad^^ draFfS dojoaatd^ d£) dtsojid srodjOiiFdjii^ ^rid^droadod tsoddd^ ^>5
'4
M Ctld^atsaddd^ sraqbtpTid^^dodt tf^doi t^. “ d^sFod fc?i, tsddydnd dja?ddd^ d^da;*! tf3. 79
v■
dgodra dfd* dred dds,'; i5odi cSe^d t^oy i^oqid adcdidd, tlDddocoSd S53^cradO dtaiddo 2ot^oSdi3^d: “ The existence of
Vss
"The dross of monism in Uvaita will be burnt up,”- (^^dd<D a Svatantra is a gift of the Vedas.”—(a Svntantra=S3$?d
1
drac?>do [ddw,^ d^pFed di ihow Sitrood] <iow dd^o4 t^ocrad j^dod, aowadd dicdta d?daod ojjd^yjdd)
^dj), *o23f dMossn ffcaoksM 2ooirtdidd& 33o3 d^
'a^jri^oddf Trai^rod dd ^dissd#, dco30&dretfo«|| iioda ds aad^d yq$F. ds aiSd^sart desodd?
^jSfi? Wd3 'add) vii ^)L3dgj "Nor has any scholar of Sri «Jf*. < tuodl djdod, ’ (a Svatantra) aoltadi, < d^fcOaodlig
Madhva so far called his system monism,’.’—(ad^ddfl otodfl
djdod, d^rt^Uj aod;> ds dtsoddj dearod’
di^ts^oddd^ dratjido ^odi d^odjOe)) <aod} odra^jdfiif erudfd ^tadodd. Xisraoddge&d ^do^d^d^? < ^dodjd^d
aod ^ttftbd t-odod drej t|adsraft dd^arantbd d. djq^^cra od
dd^ ditifd^0 d8od)d ,atd^)d) d^ aodb aof^o^jdf *1°^ sSed^T *»&* ’ ^od^ **d ds d?a)dd>, 1 *,*>**
rt^oqSrt^ twd fd. d)d^ Bddj viii 4l3dg “ Mr. H. Subba Rao is an
dddred.yfc ^jaW.^Vaoto XiBejodd^ 4?&d?ta sadra
unquestionable recognised authority on the tersest problems in 3<*?<.a9. tradd d TOd dddra^ d|o*^ «^rf
*n*oa&cfc. ddotld di ahA ddd^fd^d dddra^
Dvaita philosophy,”—(j»ll asT. *to tra^ d ,dssd d dscsdd^sci
dd)^d^ adofcdg ssdjdddrod d)ds^e^dowd?, dsaFon^ d), ^tsadd ? ^
aodi rfcftd ^3\\toi) dotpd^ dradj dd^dF. ^dd Stad,4
2ooa^ ^Uriijig dddTOAd^doic&t diioaji dtso^dara dd.ddo " From the idea of Sva tan tryst with which Mr. H.
his thesis the gunapurnatva (perfection) of Got u jdea
0,1 llle other band, Sri Madhva’s Philosophy star s w , ._
^dh ^ddflt TjdjOdd^ ds 0^^ ,” i)o^d3 •a^odo &%■ Jj
°t perfection . aotoiddi ^dod^jd^ ^
djtdd^draF^rt* a4od>$s»Fab* d dwoddrodad <! ilisr. ihf. yo5-
dou ewd tdaod. *° ^tSFdjdd^ ssq^^dc^A
Q ^od^j ri^css^icsFdjdojJU^ wdot?do^)d)
“ d^ jnsd” ^ou ds dta^ido dsri33& dcSFdTOd otdoitg
tJid d3i5^a dwAddodd, ew^et^d (Preface) do ds d.sa.’sad*) t5F^id3j3y^ ’ iiotObd^
not *4*°$°* rtoi
rfoqj !t,B3od4 ^rfdOTAdo^ci) ^owade & d^dres&ri)t! rfd^adydrorf sadWjb. tell is«r.
rod siqirrodo^ida. •advj oTyota ^^deaa^da fs^odi&tyj* ZouizSdi dd^ tJwtfcSQ d^dajto 3. drfy rorfd^
rioqtood “ ds^d; j&efkra$»raF! ddrdra^idJ3dd,4,dod)3sj5r»i i. S3. l*®8 (Introduction) 0i> «TO*iJd«jet&f Orf*
row ro^dd^ ?fud®e?)dadda. “ dt^djdp xluwrbraqSproFjk, ddr s^d. esrfda skVudorod -a^d adoiiritfiro & rorirf^ sj^dexi
draeddraddtsdd, ^doji^dadd ddoSaod,” <aodo ds rod^d 53^. rf^rorb;^. btQitfi wcSo^cS rodd^df&d
51
'ada ?i!33 odd adadraddjdjacs ; addg s^do^^ ^oiaada »{&, aoA^a sro^rW^ a^aaatdrfjaa, ssrf^ u^d qraroodddraa,
«!
rbcs^scsr^ dad^ drafddad^ xraq^. ■adf^c 4^.^. ^djreci a^cdorf roq^d^ atasddret&^rl •ad? a^oiadt adds &ro od ::
asSoftdg 3§f£djd ddo^qredrierta e^oBwiad &.~i. ro.1-2 |<x)j
<^t5r. ar. cjos\ oo^da^jda. cidd^ r^oorod, daqaaro^d 230p ■.
ddra d &dd, &ro odd daeojadd^ ddaadd, %>isdod€, ddda d)Ud^i *3dda co^d 30^33^6:—Madhva Sastra which is based il
«*. sJ ' Q \J Q'o
on the Vedas, Sutras and the Gita and other Scriptures which arein f ■;
a&rissh a.sa. dfaMftfc riarasgjHBF^o&fcwtf accordance with the teachings of those three sources of philosophi
cal knowledge has generally stated the ‘ Siddhanta1 (accepted 1
oo^0o^)j3? ni^s) o^^odo Spci&rfoc^d).—“Theism will be the ruling position), unequivocally in the language sanctioned by tradition and
Q common usage. There are no two schools of thought on any : 5,1
important or even ordinary topic_ in Dvaita Vedanta. Dvaita
philosophy of the world including Utissia ; for it is truth,” aofcaarf) Siddhanta expounded in the language employed in common parlance ;•
is accurately summarised in M.S.S., S.T.R.M. and other works. It !
di dfaadd ^ola ro^. gdd aqiF :—“ ^odado (dfdda dada^ maintains that primordial matter, Avyakritakasa, the Vedas, Jivas,
doi tooda ^idu^ row ?ioW#) rownci) d^dotdd ^acdredad Lakshmi, etc., are unborn, as uncreated as God from infinite times. Hi
dd ^roda^da—s^dotJ dd^dd^ wvrt/aoadi ; d#od6 tsda d^.” They are as undying in essence as God: 1 Otoddjddroa^ ^ il:
dt ata^rod tjasd dad^ qraddis ^arad!^ (d^ _,ro^) row dc^riu
iaded® wdadac^au; wt^odroft ds dfib^d) ■ad? s?doda0d rod> 2-3-15 B.S.B. This is the teaching
diatodadjdd duraotf dt “ dd rfrod » d assadd^ erudddadal fd.
ad^ Sail a&, dat^ossf »aoeoadd Sbf9oo3ac awd addd
eu^rodd du^a^dt^ atsaddrec&i^.
expressed in customary language. But there are many Srutis^ which
state that matter, space, Jivas etc., are all created by God.
fSsdFd^oirackcSe tfrfFo The apparent conflict between these two positions
(75rfF^3^F
(SW3«d8) ‘s solved in B. S. B. and A.V. 1-3-1 and in V.T.V. by pointing out
sddrfja^i ^^F^^FroA ^F^dra^oWDiS; ‘hat the word Sristi or Utpatti (creation) is used in three senses.
^d '^1 e«S)S=>^ l1) “ «2lto33,^d^o ” That is, coming into existence from a state
The acquisition of a
dow tpdaorf ^^^roAdp^jdi. ^
of nonexistence. (2)
Soddf ^cSFe^rorti^d? t&red^, ssdd ^csFod^dO Wd" e^po^erlnqdd-repenroFt dg^ulpcot?rioyngodrdasfntodtFm^eS(3s)p(e^pcuia°rle^mma^nairnfaei)fset#setda't'igoln.or. yo■ uCatrteaothtfieofnrt.ei’.meinewthoilefl
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Zoodf ?53qici), ^odi dfdrafda^rod iio^fdcSosad dfsrf^S s^ond sense is the monopoly of the entire nityaen
dcqi^troo^acb^di. g e^^csFOdid? di^Xitroo^td ■^ZT^r J*fS4-‘^s*
nor
noa s)0n?^®rf s^33 aorfo do&ra otdo diado,
doiin, dod^ ad^ ariod nadodo dnaoddodw aodsradd doa^ ado dod^ a^3r(its. dro oddotdd addodgdcjd &re?d
£fd-'—“ doqi^sa^ dfddvd, dra^rlvb, fteas dado, add y^dj jjjjj srodsaadod dojayn djadoaorTa^ajOjoSod JodFUj djdottrfo.
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dodrododdi asdddo «ed **»«**• wsS?^odo doalf
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■add rt^oqSrivJsD cdoqraqSFsraA dori^d
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naf\d,” »oodo a>odo2pa»o.
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dow aoiaad/aod? wqsaddyd? adda rtara4P£®Fdc^0a aqasdat] 4rt^a, ds ddad 4p dojapd?oad<4® dad^srad^d ^oaddead ^aSa^
add £riaF£S(3aria4ayd? ds dy^djD sao^taad^da-raodcdaF naodada. dad^ d? dasoad;aia^4 aaaa^^Fd^p? ad^a aasa d
uda4ayd ? 4» driarradowada atpadrfg dodardsrod c&aoadS 4p4FddPf aoaa aasaddP djd^aao&ada.
esd? jfrad^dsaar^ayd ? ds ny^diD d^d dadaao^odaF 4^ d. aa. Ia?©3asadda, “ ^d^dd^d^a dddjad^doicdae
sada4ayd ? < d^cBaaad daa ^dda^a h 4oda^ s^oadi esdaan d,jpadd^dbaod ad” aoda «?& adodd a4 dddaad^d
4d^ «4d«i ^epadd? sadea,’ a0da a^a^cradd •ad? 4^4 ®d?4334^330^- aud^d^cad?, " The Svarupa of the eternal entity
saddoza 2sasaFddad53ada4syd ? « dsd d^a 4 & odaO & ?$ transcends time like God ”,— (c^dd^Sd 4j4jad4 dddjad^dad
dd^ds?^ tnadodreendadda, ’ aoda jpasada^rodd ^odadad ®<iyadfd), ad^33t3. daadd, “ yet it is dependent upon God,”
sao^odaF 4,d* aaadOyd ? ^dda,rt^ esMfean JW (tJddra ada dddaa3a^d?4)j daadd^ 4?odaaa d. a^odd,
b dad dt^jdda esjMtgj^F aoda dt^jj djrt j»L? esW«gftF the eternal entity has Anadisiddha svarupa satta....... inherent
h.. ^ od 4jdoJfjada4da d?d ? iadod, eru^a odayadad 4^s^i “noriginated reality existing in it by God’s anadi svabhavauiya-
dd4^ 2«4^ddda ^d^oaddsi daaado3adayd ? ^d4j,r<* maka sakti, the power of keeping under control the begiuningless
di>d l**i*i< njri
inherent essential character 3
o^a d^d ?cto;M ^ietood, acrid ^atbri, J*,S»dM Sdsbra^tfo wda d^ssad 33^3^ «d3 IKI
rod, sad^drori rbrarid}, wd^dS aU^JSsfysi d^cbori, ad), sadcaodoodos5)
:
rotb aSesbs^S. 3s ridrired^od sadrasadrafran s^raFridecaj^ari dsbadabra oariatb (add
I
ridriori d^ri&ri aari d|,abd^ t&aoari aowa&aoria tpari, S3!/^1) ^drifdsadca (Monism). sauadfri sqiro dd^sSfd |N
dsd dd do ob? ril^d vadca aoto^ria ad^°3a tp’Sej. cofd ssdo a^edda add: n^dadO, ri^dadado, abc^coa odriodja ddr^p i
^d^d^od ddry^dodi dtss odri^tb. aoqi ridskri^ocabri^
aoaabFaari d^riddbri. arioti 3s 6fS3d^) ‘ d d^rodid? i
dj)dj^)cb ’ «5om ?jw3 odrieobaFriob ristdobauri dsorldjdi^d. IddjOdjd jpaiob^ sbdda aa5rd;>ajibaerijd ri^ariobritD
2jKd^ro^ri^d^_ swddod, 3s atsraddd^ eruddodedol^d. [fi
^dbod d°b;bd d^obd^ turi^cb sbt^ftcra odrita aotbtb
^dosi, taboassessd^g eSjae^ecJj^Sj I ^riow^aojsis i -Jodo
coodobe djdj. fotfob? 3s tdfsodd b^obo djsdOod &adob
ridrtja fcaa od& ebafddtbri tpaririSori deotfri. arid 3s drood djdj5 5j733doqs5.Ft3ed ddjdjJajS .... «Jtidod.raJcaoj33ej|td d,dod,g
Q 'd „ <? 4rioritgdl rorifjafsao ro^d^ookdt So ddjjsaqS^
^Oc^dCQrf 5±)o53^oi)^^ ^CTO0^553^rt^5^ 5A)^oSj3?h^j#Jc>oad) 7j3 ^ C ^
I ^tb tsoba 4Uri ^djtScbS 3oriawtb^ri. atsadrijaarid arirfj cretjSdspari d djar^dedusted I esob^o dodtjdeFt^s 33d
mjddedid na^ritS? ariede raq^aaftobja, add rijdri^aba^rifl! rfoddjd. wttia! do$h>3s d^^d^^ds^tljtsj^aro sat^odd
esd^ saqS^aaftobja ddFcb^d. 3s b?§#ob 3clock sra^: 3,dtdt8 vqidododejja g ? »3dd4 dri^sedd,, ro^dd^ dgs^aF....
“ A copy of this book has been sent to Mr. H. N. Raghaven- tsddjdod .Id0o3 £srtro>OTodd?d.do I esdd^rfoasbg Kiiriedrissa.s
and d4o^6s<do«F datfeg dosofcl odeg dS^djsdo tsrtdcdBtdj^
drachar and it is expected that he will recant his position
publish his corrected view.”—acb 3s " d^aari ” d dsd^fbs 33a3dJ3F dosoasB^I a^ddsidog dd^dOFta
bfSTOffsderto adari md^od^ dowoqSd^, soodgobC) adefttbd ddjO^edcdo a^dod^d^K^I es^ddsssdog fidj^dotFS s^o^tss^
esaa^ridri^ riias&bd ri. bdo^|.,..roqi(3333o roqidd^o abc5333^5d3odj3 I dess rot^d
&e?3, 11 (Sob ^yda adtb soe^d, “ The absence dodas sadjObFdjBjCaTOgjidtBFl H3^53odder3dtl!aJaiooF:53s....753i5i
of incessant creation to the uncreatable eternal entities is' an expres. Ssoddcreio d&3a d<)?aJd|F^3i....3t|iF!3qid»33o itrodods^
:*5{di...,Ǥe3d^?a e33tad3<' esd,do3 33i3r d^s ^djFat^dodd^g
Sion Of His wisdom,”—(d&jfJea ssdusdd ^dodd a53ds l...,ddoe3«de d^d^d-rasa 53o3jsFcddo3o3ds dd^d^Fd
&3| _ ok e#33fcddooddj5e odedoodiS ...ddddoF? didjdd^ ^3,3^
dj&jt&uab^jdy dtteto^d toea doJ^csb ^ode ^»ok3,) aodf sflh)tqig.<>.e5ij^^^^o3j3En33f....dddJ3dlddJ a^ss,^ ddodog
ro^aod dArtdsdrrorb^A, orf#. Ah
obuatb^jsj, es^jri^ ^ 8d3sbra3,5d taadoi
**?H*?, »iHa* W«d», aodoasS^.
feed c6e3esS3eorf a^^ ■ado, 3s d?sb3d? >i!>'* 3dd4?d5o....aiJj3edle ddF8ji.fii33odo333t....o3oed.fi>es338 add
rftftfcagsl^ %ocb ^^Aaodo^a. ojjj^ ^endob8f ^ SsdotKig dddoed03381 d&ratds dddoE^^^rtomad
^do3e? dd3ra^de ^raacb ao* fafcda do; ^....dvEdwoa^d d-^i 3ododdrd3 dEd....d^^3f5<)^3a3ddod
S)i83<doj3 o I e333rSd3d(3t addled,loESDddjd^iigps ddo^iljjed^
-??S **<*%'** ao^ d»A
eiorif3s?jdo33cQib. 9 ^F,....do3d8d3 i aa^dd^oiod....odod)Jo3sEi«3S3aqiFod)d^Jia I
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elaadodag) djacfido aou aoi^da dddd^ dedra? esc^dderooddd
aoda ^add^yj aaA «dd> erododaaeAda^dad doe^d eodAda. ds uadrari*?od airad
d-radeaa daqSjdadd ddaaA d^ejocdadeddda^eodddda daqydaddd^
2oodddda. ds ^aa^Sod yqSa£dd a^dd dcda0 daq^^na 0^ do,oja0do aoda dddda. <o?doda? sa^daado^Sjdda. a^Qd
oXraer^rad jra 5S *d,d, ssdd d^spadd) ad^cdadaed «edad
adsadawd Srafdeaa uadcsaaoSada. 2ofd dac^^ro od^ ^spastf
aad daddjSddfi, doi^oia^ zodd jiaadaod ■aud s^da
aanda^d. da aqirod oadc®ds?od daq^sa^d^ ®i,rfsa^
do^drodded dedcdadaaa?j, adaddd ?5dd djisadsdodadO Tradre^asaA dai^daadd^ coed ddcdaa^de odaa^dow epadd
eaoada. esjdodd ad#,? e^ril^d djOda^ daaaada. coderidariaca
d^adsaad z^dAd dceddd^ odaqjaoSia?r|aaA dadeda^^f
aan dd^dd^ dC^debesaobada. adda ddafjad dd ^dd'd^d^
i^oqiri^ daaai^fd edaaAdad d. ds dodqjrdS daq^dcaaod^ deereobada. ■—(aisaodarda dd^ esqiaa djdaeodad) djdodjdddodj
doda adda aqd aoda c§ec?adda. adOod Sipar^ d^dod^dddog^
rtasojac3jio aea, esda dootod eq$Fd£) daae?ado aodaa; •adaddii
$o$ dod^Fdg s3jss?ido aoda d^d^drod ssc^^ddejaaod^ adddra dd^ esqiaa djdaecba aowqSFdeb ddaad aoda #eadda
dasesrio. eea, esda deobad esq^rdS da^oiaOdo aodaa, ^^odaaadada. add ada sraqiadea. dd yesqSaa d,da?oda aaoeazjiF i'
r^oqirt^S ewdesaaddesaobada. dc|_ ^ erodsjad^odaa ana^ d0 ddaaad ddairtdd^ dada^ dddodj aoebe cbadd® i,;
daidJaFdrtdanaEaaaAodaaa, eseaa^idaaAoiua ■ada^jda. ad^ dsad^df aepaAda^sk ddFqrasaq^dy. d^ae?ad djaddad esesa i: !
es«. ds adcdadd^, .aodd dasejado, dajOiaajio daaoaad saao cdard esepna^oda^ co?Ada^)da: dd^ esqSaa d^daeodadodd !;
:;
ep&d ddd^ ^draddd^ e^A ae^a, es adcdad© ?asaF(da^ aadaariad dda^; saadaaria^da, aodd d^odadesadada adda—
!i ■
djadd doadda dda^ ^psaaFoAesadd^ dddjOirafrirW
;
adodadfi ^aa^dasad. dna^dadarlvad ^a,^dor ia. escf. d^dod,, dddoj.)
esesaodaFda djdodj dad^ dddodjdoda dd^^ade# djasda 1
aaaaodaa esdd 5^ r^oqid daad^aoSae dj adodad© 2ooda d^drora'
s^dSod daq^draa od^) adda ddaj^d d^^d^^^^doda l
ds aesad 2o?AdO, esda ra?dja? dja^dad?cdaoad #eadod ^
de^a^jda dd^Qbada. esddja adadaad d^ddg)
s3jae?a*So ^oeo ?eaqSaaad ddd djOiraed adodad© eji^^s^odadiS.
ddapad adda d^ ,adde#oia aa^Fdja^ d-raeriOea. da!
ds ep^'ej^oda^ daaaea *#ddj^rt baeAda^dd dra^
ojja^waddaa eoorfqaFdsD dddod^dc^? !i0j^
da^eodada da^dadd adodadg aoA $ Woqdd^^u5a*
dd&ra?oda ; dddod^ d^do^aadadjda ddpdd-ra, esdd^id
^a‘ %ddenaoddoeo d„daadada^)da dad^
ifaddsfjadeaa joajsa #y^d«nado2,tocaada. ds da^ adda edd,^
OTAd. 9d#j doridaaA sadsa^A w?!d doedadaadad i fdaro rt«rt odiad aqSaad #jadlwoddaa ada acydde ada^da aow
eaaodaFd ^dO ese^acdaFda weart adda faaooa A Jjaoda d?6. ds esadeodaaad epad^a e^dra^
esdedeaa ado^da^. * dae| ^odad/e^dad dada,
' ’ \T?dC’ ^ ^odoaobada; daq^dad <a^)d'^ ?j)?dd? dadodaad dodejiFstpdAea. aOoisaddia
dsa^dad^oad *M dd^ aoebfdaa03aA ,doeb# itf* ^^na odd e^oda epadd e-oda sad^ djd^aadd ^a , staadaad
a®ddS epad dada, s»ri^ douoqidda^ac&ada,
17"
OSkO
nkd faaedjd daadadadddd^ daoda di 0(S
seddda adoSddpPdda. c^ofcdj^&dd *ua*
d zsaddjadaadozSPdda:—n. msr. <pf. atf". add ri odd's1 ;
rttiori rieatf drodaddda daxadoSsdaadda. denaoddd ^d^ '-s \
azaaddaadaa d^naoSrt* ^jawda, p^cdad^e^da ddaq^Fd} aow
9»s#a3» «*$a>;i3 zadaadoz?Pda. aaty*x» s»rw»n odad papa d^droritfO eruroc^d^d sa^saa^ri^a aoto rijOqSd^Su. ;
rod dod,aa<dad«^ Jtolfl, oiiad gadraaod&a? .
a8e%af d,d{SP daa^dadd ddo^O adiai^zpaddd^ $<»?*»& s. ■ad dra as^rW aqSrde z3e<3. a.. Zoodade$ adjrt'Sd ds r^oidsadda
ddd/a djad daai^dd ^praFcdadO did^dd d^aecadow cSotf^oiaa de^ad aqdr wdj^jcssddra ad} z?dz3aad, ri^ea aqSsaa adaasij.
doSddpP&aodddOcdaja dd&ra?eda. v. djdaeodarWd^ doSddoda d,Pd oad d^adda daad, s^d?^
•aro^a d^_d?d a^fdriO, «^^j^2*33^'^3^*335^1- djadzasdad? sSaadda, ozaddOdadddu. m. dd^sa^ odaa^d
azjsaddfl saddd^aza, adozi u,^, wrtd^, 3dddja ddjadsaaft
d^, ’ saoda z,oda ds^d;1 ded3) apaadda^itf^raj^da. apaad Pda^da, cdaao, sadazaao; ds djaeddasoad^e^dde ddat
d^o&aa, zsad dj&j aSe^ddra ad} zldzoao^, ’ aoda 3d^°d)
da^d; ‘ pdjdd^ri'b1 a^dred^ d^oSaa, ’ aoda daJj^oda d^d; sad^risd deaaarted^ d°^dada- adozd sadjd^difodi^ aSaa-^
‘ ds djdredd) ds^ddo# pdFsad, ’ <aoda daria&raoda da^d;
a&raeqS eodaa§c3e z^jadre. ds gadeaaod ds ri^oqisadda, “ ooOd^rd^
dd\ Zod^add di &ra?d, a &ra?d” saoda oBe'sP^da adorid,
daodd d?dd? dodd^a.aadod} oo?s?d daed adj3?$dO
zaoaeda ? 4.. ddozd pad) oo?£dad? sasa^F, & sadodadO
azsad daadzaadda.
33^BoSrar\ dad) da^ri-da adFdaadozpPda;^. sad^oqSrteg adc^od di jjadrtv1® add^p z^u^TOddO apadd^ja doda
di zpadrted assaddi araqredoda ijaedad ro^rtert sa,^ zooda^;. dizSi^ d^rf ^eroodddaaad z^oda zizsaFdjaWdO
zodeadozppda. ddu^d dacodacria^ wr&d na^rtsP Soodi djadjao^iasad^d djdaeojadd^ dzaaddjadasari, “ za^dj^ zSU^
odad djdacodaddJ^ d^aojrori ddjalada^^ u,^a^cda
dd^d)- aad^dPC ^d^f ^ozo dodfd^p wd^
did?),^ d^aa^}. “ d}d^d WjS^d^fdd Zoisa da^fe, daodardodaa,’ &aoza djad^^aad zjaaddd^ dad^dad da^i^
adfp} d}raa djadadod}? a,z^d dacodaodad^ ^lacaF^afi Pnaodd ®$r4% ^ dda^FPddaa, a0 '
donoazaaodaFd? w,dt .dfid.o iaozS? daaosad draddO d5?da3^S.
dfdP oddoJ < u,^? ^od, ’ aoda saada^cs. -ada d^i d5ad d?raolr!'?d dd^d^ariOa. z^d^p^? aa^qaad^ zaodaz3dad)da
da^dad^ dda^dda. drfa& azaaodara^ daas^sah aScwadada
Poa zjiodad? & addat5i^ sadradoda sacaa^da^. 3dd
wriaj^^,. xrt^rt so^dd ^gjaUa, p{^ ri0qj w3oa5o pdartfi da?z5 ds daadd?, «daq^dadd) daazpdo aa, da^cdaOdo ’ iaoda
PI- ^,3 ud^>” rfaaosaa 5>^id^ ^asda Zoza^ dJav^j zadQod ddda ddddda d^. ^oqiri^a dj^ra^i w°d da?e5 ddr
^Oja^aodaaa ^da& daad^^odad^ sna^Puja^djda dj^a^acto^a.
dadpeodada 5of§dda. “ !^edd sadoda zaa do, zsad ? 3d • wg^e,
■a3|a dp^dfdd^a dJa^daSfodad© zaad^darondaaaari, 3eda
“°J" ii“®,S Sim *°,otj, ai5^ a * ^d*.
*) a d,i*,-ssi,sdSi«s Sides Sts* Sid da „ i ssisudiSi; ^c^ddpad di aadcsaodd? da^Pwa^od^j adariarasaad d^ *
ioqirt* i?adQod dcrad^ dzSodaada^ddg a^odard?^ ^oda ;'
, t» sod, Siiijd Sisss. d,3 Ssi=3Si4 "aS„\,a
i ******* “i^s-sc, ass^tosa, «rf M^aa. !.
!
. :■
hJ
0^ oa.a.
m-S
then we may nearly always be sure its defect will reveal itself as an ■;
unreconciled dualism."—(ojjsd dg ?3da ddetf 5idF I
tototoi eg; **. *^B890<dacbsb **** s'srfu, dredjdjse t*oda &?&oja® djdoddy &,od{ dd^aod V;
aa,” ijoW i,**»0^=9d S*tab5® ss^°® ** ddFU^da aoda sra &dad grod^d^ajuraAda^d. tooda l.1
ao"W’ arfohrf^ d^drera^n ?d»fc*i«& srad^ aoiutj, »aoda dortcSdntsdd a aojaa^id, ddd^d a^qied ;!'
tjrari^l^dodo ira?odao wsq^a-sriadad adda dd ^rttf^ra^flraod
d*U- M' ^(w-T- Sta*> *®
^ ^y^er' cod^O 8^ f^e®4" ” (A C,idc!>l History da3<do®do s^dcsdodo ft^d) fboads-sA 3s?aSaadada)__ “Such
a philosophy will begin with a monistic principle and will attempt
of'Greek Philosophy) <3oW dJ3^rt,oq5d^ triads^, to derive or deduce the entire universe from it, but somewhere or
other it comes across something in the world which it cannot bring
ron dsdda drse?>?io aow. ddd ytpF£d,drdad^ ^ under that principle. Then it is left with two equally ultimate exis
djaadas^cS. a ^oqSd d^drod ad)rid aqird^
jidra&daJ^. tences,neither of which can be derived from the other. Thus it breaks ■
o. djse&Tio —“ A monistic philosophy is a philosophy out into dualism.”-("aodoo dd^^sa^^) ydo$da;rori ddad^dja, '
\ which attempts to explain the entire universe from one single •jod? trade® aoda d-raeododjd; q^toia^^wSAcludada. yg*oda
principle,"—^OdJeld dt dda^, ESfi^^ 2*rOtof d^^Sow sadcaSod ddad^dodejp adFdadjda aowadda^ ijagodad'
adF^da^da aoda fccre oSda^&rae a dd dod^Fd® eirej, d^dotid cdra^daa? tooda tpari a sadradod
d£*d)d)). da^Joda Jjssodoa addatfiFsaria^da. -aodd dod^Fd® ds b:
:fn s. dfltiido aaadc^jdj sreid dnad dd^sa^da.-V The dd^srad^ sadratjiradjTOd adda tood&|oda y§ed 1
:if1i
dradaa jraqijdgd Dfdoda® ddja^A d^do^^ada^ri^oda
rA
opposite of monism is therefore pluralism, which is that kind of dftrariadjda. de OfSofciA dt dd d^oiaOdo a® doiaFd
;
philosophy which seeks to explain the universe from many ultimate
and equally underived principles.’’—dasejido^ Jydad^d^1 da^id^^ o=J3oda^wa).
daatsdo eg esdAdad t?ad. (^dos^ dddodj dd^rit) t?fd).-
: 4l» <JMo iaouada. ojjad dd^sad^^ ds d^dod,^ "(A monist) does not deny the existence of the world. What he
i>od3dd^oa^fdsad dd jd^od ddFUa^da doda ?re?^,J1 denies is the truth of existence. What he means is ; certainly there
is motion and multiplicity ; certainly the world is here, is present to
i|, djda^da^dra? ada d^dOdo* ^da^da). —“ But more particu
ii••i;'1 larly and more frequently we speak of the opposite of monfe our senses, but it is not the true world. It is not reality. It is mere
as being dualism, that is to say, the position that there are t«o appearance, illusion and outward show and sham, a hollow mask
which hides the real being of things.' -(53.fl«?>do iaoU dd Jiad^d^
ultimate principles of explanation.’—(ydd ia^^«dOj
dodtjiFdd djseado ssadada da.odj®do ^oda . i>#sdaddda d dodd ^0% -a®d^a®. edd * dl <daa
■•iv! djdod^d ddda dd^dva Lod#, »aoW d.dod, aowadda j.oa^odad?ia.' [^dodjdsadotaad^ dddraqiF
:i Wo aod) ddda).—• A11 philosophy which is worthy of the »-* d®dow tpaioiaScrfaja ah*rf *d*ei° M***9'*0
seeks, in some sense, a monistic explanation of the universe. **»< daaosad ^ndd s>ytod dd^riadd.]
V When we finsl that a nd f«ils'
I-' system of philosophy breaks down
1^1
OM
stead 3 azft zizpsd ^ ^ozo n».«
Sq^ *** ^d ^ aH’ H d^#, oira^dc dirausgpe, aodd tdre^deod esd^ d^udo^drac
»raft rodz^dsBft&d p^o^^d?^ draz^dod fcotfo*^ ado d^doj, d^craFdd. ds zradraaod d^dodd dd^rttfu y
y_1 You may ask what is meant by this distinction between d^soddd^a^ wzpsddradjradp^rt'ab! w d^
dodo, dddjaqlF).
appearance and reality. Is not even an appearance real i I,
appears. It exists. Even a delusion exists, and is therefore a real v. KdsjSjdronsd d^ si^od, d^aarao^ dj^ y„odj._
thing-. So is not the distinction between appearance and reality itself
‘ [s there any reason for believing that the ultimate explanation of
meaningless? ’’—(did) *«*tt*Gb: [aorf3, dd things must be one ? Now if we are to explain the universe, two
■adod zji?dd?5b ? wzjrad sqdra dddo^ conditions must be fulfilled. In the first place, the ultimate reality
dd^d^dad? ds dddo^dozoidi [zzra^adodsraft] dd^oiisrand by which we attempt to explain everything must explain all the
d^d^ d^odii^ioeirtd. z^o-Sodra vJtd d£,<drasd,d;>; adjrfhorf other things of the world. It must be possible to deduce the whole
world from it. Secondly, the first principle must explain itself. It
yd/3 d^df. dt 53drsaod £ohodd, dt <budj3 ^o^ft3Z)did0odj’ cannot be a principle which itself still requires explanation by
djdo^ ddaojrted Jifd) d^diSdid d^jd^d) ssqSrSof^ something else. If it is not self-explanatory, but is an ultimate
nsril^jaod '?)—' Now all this is perfectly tine, but it does not mystery, then even if we succeed in deducing the universe from
comprehend quite what is meant by the distinction. What is meant it, nothing is thereby explained."—(djdod ddo^d^d^ ^dF&odod
is that the objects around us have existence, not self-substantiality. dz!o3o Badrasrod z*°do aodo d^cdouo yd^dioboSoSo? ?
! That is to say, their being is not in themselves, but is grounded era^d: d^d frat^) d,dodd dorausadradd^ oofdod dodzjJFdS
i in another, and flows from that other. They exist, but they are nut addo sododortsg) d^ddzrad dd-raqredd) adFddedo. dradw^aio
; independent existences. They are rather beings whose being flows craft, dd srartod odrad d^Sod d,dozdd di cdod^
i ddFcndodsjSp? ado djdozdd aera ddorts?rtra dzraFeodsrartzflfdo.
into them from another, which itself is self-existent and self-sub aodd 'aaf sod^d^? adsod &dFado;$do aac^ssrizSf’do. adddodo
■i craft, ddFjbsraFroucrad dd,^ d^craFroucraildfdo. doas^do
stantial. They are therefore mere appearances of that other, which
:
is the reality.”—('ad^dp dedo. [d^odd^o^^
4
ao^radodi d^az^oi).] yds d 3 disd^dod dd^e ^oiradodcrad do&ra^do dd^dd^ zsde^dod ddra? esdo
.
* dooiran [?d\, vU^dddo dd, ^crarteddo. z*odo d{$ y doraeod^^ s/u^
'■ .
‘ d^0J4 dddo^ay^ra ’ ^,0w zp^dad =bouod^ fifloiiS d^csrdtfdwd [^odd, adarado^Fdad, »oodd
i -;
JjSrp^aa.] ddo& zszjs^oio^) 2o?ftdo^d :—d ^ d.ao^dyd] ddoFd^d© aozo do^dS, ?ra3)
.
S*«oJ^rfo8Wj8 d^oa; add d^od dkda. a %rfQod ddod ;£p ddFdo^doddra craza^d? »raddo ado ddr
^ *4 $ ydjrt-^ *Jo^nv.i- ^^ 1 ^dros^p ejy; oira^dra esdood SodFdo^dra 'a^)t
dilraodi dd^. d "^ ^ Si. djdodddj^ddJj ?>oa*a* dorsoddj fcoi3«dds aou srad
_ a diiraod: dd^s^od ^ j. I ^ ^J5t?)do aej.— “They propounded the principle of Being, as
^difoiirlsS |)di^di. ddozd ds ll>e ultimate reality. How then did they derive the actual world from
af*^ da.drai d.^oife?- ^ Ul;tt Principle ? The answer is that they neither derived it nor made
sJ »5
-
——
nii- Okl ■
any attempt to derive it. Instead of deducing the world from their & Sjaa^dd^ d.rae?>7io iaod? ^d<da '
«3f*.” 'boda doad satssdriSod d^dda^da.
first principle, they simply denied the reality of the, world altogether h
They attemped to solve the problem by denying the existence of rfjse?i?io wow dd#j s^djacSwaasd Joqisadda dd^da& ?■
the problem. The world, they said, is simply not-being. it jSaj yqiFdd^ ^jal^dadda. oddra aeaaddre&dd o wqSFdw;^ < ■
illusjon___To call the world an illusion is not to explain it. If u,e
djdoj, wrid^ dddod, ’ iaoda ra?'vod awacrfaFda dda tpadadfd I
world is reality, then the problem of philosophy is, how does that fi^d^ d^dadaddjae a tpadritfrt dori^saabda^da. wwraodaFda, i
reality arise? If the world is illusion, then the problem is, how docs ‘ dddra^da d^oj, «d% dddo^; dddaa^db d^o^d^> I-
that illusion arise? Call it illusion if you like. But this is not tfjddod^dd^j wodd dddaas^dod ddF^ ^saa^aod csda !l
to explain it. It is simply calling it names. ’— ( [Siiia^ dd^dtadol) ddj ’ <bow idafe dCT^oddd^ a^dod, aSddnqsaF^o :■
ji/o3 ,?j aodcdaFl? I sab drearer! aa;3 ^d ddjdotriodsl
OTarttd] dlou^&raodf ss&raod? <5^ddi. Md^pratii I
espadjdobsasikda 2adadjStoda&qia,do I ejj^bos^ eba pa^edt y
drafted ?5ddi d? tuodi dd ^aod ddFS?)d u,d^ oo{^! djCdo saat^o wri^na I oa sa^ 3oa da ddessays cfcsaoiaars dd^dc i
iiod: d,^dJ5fra. ad^dddfdo^^j €s toods d^^aoci ads I ddo djdodjdwaadJo a^do^o esdrio^ || <aow tpadsadfd l:
i
Kd^di_ ddFSda^i au, a ddabdg djadfia. b d^dS&dd^. ■a^jd^ aqradaod, dded '#edwoddio,
tuodo dl ow ddo& d^^aod ari^d^ &3oF&d}d udoi, add) jre^dod, 3do?d dd^d^o, abasia « aoz3? daaoaab dda^^jaw^?
aril d d^^dd^ s^raFOTft drra^sSjddi. aria^ ddpU^do «fd ds^ aou aqiFd^ ddFadadda. w,o^rira wri^rira •adad ijkd
'bow ddFdoi wdi c aw wodo sdd sm^d. asddi sri% dd^, aodd djUge^dd^ Ijs?b?i, dj w^d? ddFdsa^d aow
dl f aw wodo d??ddi; wria^ tp^ol .boddo .... wdd wri^dj, aqiFd^ « w^d? ddj ’ aoa d^daeodaaod ddFSd, ddFJdsa,
^ol i>d^4^ wri^d dtuawoadradd^ sof^dosariOw. djdpsd w^d adgctood bdro »e,sSo w,3it <bow ^aj^Fdd^
d^radd, « wridj^^d dwao^sdcsdfdb »aoW dC.Hi roaqiF^d&dadda. ds d^dafoiasadfdrbvd^ da;3) d^d^^® rood-
diy^^dw wrido, a^qi^sadd, y dh^odo dojawsadradfd^ ^ spadQod estffaodaFd s^doiadd^ rfj&odad OflodasS awsd daa&dd,
djI-doU^do. jjdatf ssdfgdad 3 ari^d^ aoqi^ <boda ndcSA aodeo satsadaod &caaodd Ida'Jfdo^da dad&jt^^FUjS,
add adj wril d dwawdd^ ddFa^dosartSw. dad^ saaa^daabd d, d.as?>do aoa aobda ddd saa^djacS^saad aqSF^)
^ wow dddda^ draj ^osacaj^.) t>dk ado, ada l>zn o4^ dddaddyisaaria^da. ds o?l<daS odaad
fc. ;ija'd*535d^) dratfido eso—“ This is the defect, too, °f zpadodaS ag'rt), *J,Sa«oforW dwfcj
Indtan philosophy in which the world is said to be Mava. delusion"'
d% odreddaa, rffdw assdaod d^dda^d? &^a, «4 S&i
(*td ”f9d *“««« ‘ «rt% rfraoto, o4> aid
rdafcsS, wdua i3?d oaBodae *%■ * dar^cyd
^odawdod a.) aadadtod, awd d^art t3?d ad^dori *mo44 ^dd>drad
, ^®oddO wrida^ da^odradadsodwjs,?1^ ssria^jda.
■*™L& ria5{»0*5,«J»rt«od dda^dafodari^
d<*$tb ^sicbdoedM
Jr£ % ^ rfa^0*? aWsssn dddadaa^rd© «ri« «^pwd» «o* *v(&
3 iA %,dada /Tote^otod d^o
3UG2M ^« wril ^od >w d^da 18
ns.8 na.r
rocfrrfOod, d, da®dda?odadd>, «<*«> ^ »«* »do2??j, ds daaadaad s^drera^ zojdjajadaaosaaa^^j do^a
dad)dOod ds saa^zd) djdjacadda aoda ^raFOdadad dod$Fdg>
**» oda »#»& »tP»sabOod zaadoaodacada, ko e*fa, djatoddadda. 'asa^d^dzpadrtd) djaddod,caaodad,dsFd aowada
daq^sa^dd^ doodjan yq^odad dreaddotf Jjaedsdda. ■ad?
w^Jtsa,*3 ijo *aoza d^da Wjd^drad^d© Mj^a^sad^ ^daeodartec^e d^ d^. djoqidO daq^aad^daodd^dd^ d^ad
dod?jjFda sAJdsjaadd^i ?d-
aqaddadda.
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i sad^odiF. htf adod sad^odiFayad 6 dzdsad^d aqdF^csrodo djadi. djaUjdjadyi, ‘ da^c&ood dd^d^^odi ’ isodi a§?^o^)d? ■i;
I ^ja,?djd c&iu oda a^doqraddjsdrod zSzsa dodod^ sssddi adozpdi odii^sad djady; odw^odi Si
'ayadasari ^earodiay.
!
^dOy), aodi sozSdiddi. ddozd z^zsa^Tra sodd odzo^odi adi “d^^oSiod dd^^carodisad^odd ” sou sad^paridg dii^di
p
doipad. ■aodd z&sa^ofood dzsaqjFdzaFadi. &zd odii^obiorf ■ dcoaodid^? ade^dd dijdoSi? dd^^^rardi djadi^jdi sow spad 1&
dfraqiFdraFodisaridfoBdd ajadjaosradfidsad adw^adi diddj ad. ■adi ddFqra d^, sad^K^di co?!^ djad^di^ay. do^d I
dzd°wirfd^ ade$rt& d«?ai>z3zsaAd.
o3ood d^d-qiFzsa^sariwdidi; add adi ^caFodid^di^^-
ajadreosasad^d aqiFde dzsaqjFdodi 'adodud erodsaad ^e3F0jid?)dyi cdw^odi dssaodo d?di. #y^j d^dodi?
saodaddj. z»odi dz$ ajadraosasad^ayad 6 arb^d d^ odii^dradsariMadodi; adood ^cSFOirad^ ssa^^^jobartwedida.
s3(^od) odreanadd-ra azaad di^dd, addd^ doada zsa.abdazpa aodco d^dfddS ?>c3Fodi^) d^ddjadsad odw^dboocsaododi
saddi, adewdo Sd^dlajo d^sdo dd ^ss^d^dsradlJ densd aodo ooe^?3e#e oo^ddo odii^ dowo^ayd d^dodooraaodido aodo
ddJdjS^ ddd^ddasa^zre dzdzWdr^sad^a assess d^o^di dsa^rii^jdi. ?«odid?^ djdjdsad ss^zparidS
ddFdseS ll-(di;jadad)da adad^ 3333*0* dada, asdrt* odja^j&rae Zoodo drsddS odii^odw d?od ao&ral^dd sa^d adddj
9ari^) d^Fsaodidi, did^ aa^d^d^^odi sn)d ?d^) zjjr^aacQida.
Jd^saAdasari dd^zsa^ riritaa roql'tori dedd ddobaod
^id^nb^Og. a adaddyd aqd^a aadri^ M d^. dj. d aa^iiyrte sa^dodjwaadi^ dowoqi ^do^)d?
9”72 f'®*8*' *8 *»*> ^crfa ^dad zSzsa *a aowada ®qisdy.
ad^dF^o^^, soda) rffA^a. todotd, aradLsa esqiOT aad^ja^djd do^dodiod ^)C3F03iaaiii^)dodja^j^^c3.
^!toM!ni'w,*ad“^ds *>8ert? sSfoaqfr §■ d? so^odoi d^doSiod ^esFodoaariid d^dieodid adodj
draFd^^ adidmd sadrt^ doazttslodaa ? dddd .zsa 5*
dQodija azsaodoFda odii^c^wodiwa ^esFodidjaad^d, do^^aa^o
sx Ski« -r *******#*s*;
®d djddjdi^odad a^ododSodija did^ ada^ 'adddra
S^ranadosaeaj^j. ds dJ. gd? 56dak
^wdid, «ad^o^odiaqiF adodidj) ^zou^djaca^i d^dodi^
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vMm i
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■ cm.
n«&.
adadsod ea<oO,«J>*4d8* *,*«* ^da°d?Sf SarcaMto,* dfdsja^djacajda ob<D saqi^aaoSada. ddod b?d dodeddda^d
$<>&» ^od: d?*d na^?5k ^? 2-odode^ *»oda d,da?<da;$ Ood odaaS Ipoaddcadp e3r'®^) ^tisrajrfrar^^p adFdOa ; gda
da.3o3aodd? jaraFodadd^ did* daa^odaod ^rap°i> sad^dda^ddp ay. BadjasS^adadjagasSe^a* daaosad eOj^dja^
dd^_ cojsoddessd ad^iodroddra £>& ? da^odaod ?>raFcda rtea odaaS sradja^dd^ ?>aa?fo3ya d^d arafty. wspad^r
aSjaoadda?oja odaa^csFoda d?£dO, odaaSoiaodaja 53?waod rted^ ^oa^o^o daodaa^rtefl sa^dd^ uO^&radadjdl- i. ti-
33^4 jpraFOiaa&raodadjda aoda d^. |). d)°qSd0 fra^Sa »?«?& d) s3?d^ sj^djacajdda^ Fjoaaadu'jawad a^add^j^ ^Wa^^jaaoda i
1 s^da dd^dadida eo?tf ? b?tf oda^oiad^ d^ddoadaddori o&ad SjadJaoHasa^dd^ daaoodaaa c§jad53dad)i3e aqrad^uF^ aa^.
djdjfojidP &Q dadlS|>- ;aaQdad)dra daa^os^ dda^dda. ds aqiaad qaadd) doiard^adid© d^ddoaudca dad^ to^d03
d^odd da 30bod bodqiF ^£SFO&53cWOo^)da doZO t/^^* q^d^ ^dcadO d^5^30®, dad s^ad^aaddd^ t?aaaFddaddoda boira^
tuodo da^odaa da&raoda da^oi) esqSF^ ^reaFcdi^ssrio^di dowa §dad)d^ cooidodaadjaudowada boad erudaaasaanda
do?, aqiaa ad? da^daa ad? da,soda aqiF#, ^raaFcda^ dowa d)da.— azoaojaFoaddra? ajadjaoaasad^d d^pFe^daaa^daaraj
do? aqSFdjadd?cariad)da. 3s ddda ^dOodaja da^odaa aqiF dda^ ^^aah aoh?^odd d^ad, d^da^djaca^dd^ ddaqiFd daaa
;pcaFOite_, 7raqS3;jari?3?5ad6, dfidua ;ociF?aaad aqiFdteACiari dddad^adda. d?dd) djdjaradoda ^)ds K^dd '
d?3a. & aqSF^raFodad) ad? da^odaod oriad)dodd ada aqiF ;
b?5ferad daada; ada a 3^ odd, adssad &adad)da. ss^djae^ daad^ da^dadjau. add^_ daoirad 0?^<xSaO ddaqiFd !•
Hi^si dou uadoaoddeod da^dd^oda*) da^odaa esqiFdO
djdjareaosd dcoaoddad s^djaeassaria^da, doda saddaa djOd daaa-jawa^da d^a~^d uoda dada* da odaO aoriaadada
ajadjaosra, odaa-^ aqiaai 5naddS . ds yodd)%dadi3ftd da^ad
d«>od djidd^dadjida. 'ada sadaad^ d^dajodada. da^asadda ^d
■|.dwdada. si^^qiFddcdadO asaddyadad saadO 3s saadd) aafteoft?^Od i^oqidda^ daaod^, d‘^dua dosacdadjaad ^da^oda.
dja?$dad)d? dredda, add aqiFd adoddO ddadddadari 3s d?aa^FdraF0da^pdF^53an d?dsajdjaea^dd^ d^3Foddaadad
\;! aad^j wudoda?r»au. ■aodd dodzpFdO cdaa^aad aqiFdO ^sd^ajadjaodasa^d) ^doacadoda ^a^j d^?^ad daadao^jd^ 'ada ■
da^odaa ^daaraaaria^d? djadda, aodaadaad aqiFdO ada ^ajadjaoT^asad^) aaadoaodaead en)dd?d aoaaad? jiaa^^sadd 3s 1
d^djacada. aqiF^) odaad d^ua aradaaosa bod? «aqi^. ajadraosiaga^^p boda arida53a.cda3a*, 3s d^dO ada daadaaoj^a
I *°ert da^djaca^ aradjaosa^daarad^ ad cda?)3a. aoaddaosa siBaj^), fsa^odadn)^^), iajidoa adFsada^jaa. ddo^d fsa^odadjqaad
*8* ^Fobda. ddoef, ‘ da^cbod 33. ^tSFodaaad sar\ djadoraosaga^d^ ?^?3o?odd? d^a^^dafoda^j da da^jd?
d°^d dob d^. d). d daada sad d & obod add, 3 da^ djad3a a^qra d?d aaacda?'ao, iaow qraddd^ da^asadda, db«d
sa^^qaad^ a^riara. dd ^ siredda dodaa djdaarao I dbF sa^adadja^d^tsass II aoid? daaosaf\
dj. aa^dadf\dad sad^adad^qredrt^d^ ^<d3a^? d^ ^daddadda.—dodaFdaa^dO odja^cd3 odaa3^ja? ad? daqi^
Ldd e?Sodaa odaa^i^ aad n^qsa^&rali^ d?daja)daac^ddi ^
doodad jpadsaria^^? ? £ou dod?d da^wdada. 3s a^ad ad? d^a^aadepad, ad? d)da?oda, aoda ISodaa^d?
dod?dd) daqi^da^o^^j addirtata. sadraada:—3s dod?d
dad^ gd^ doUoqidUj qrad d?d d?dda; daiaFd?5addO odaa^ ^qS.daaodd dd S ; 'adda d,da d 3odad? dad,daao3d
jioai^dca^dFdaari d?d^ ssa^djae^d^ qJW^ djaS&fl^
djda^^) gddadhda^da. 3s djCda^d? odaa^djad. 3s cdaa^,(&? Tin- :
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wareodaFd 3s da^ja??paddd^ do^aeaFaaft ^§d datpaeadda
^E»r>dad s^dd^^dd^ 4^ zStsa,darted 3oda
^3aa da^jda add r^oqirte^ aqi^cdad daadddd a^aqiddOda
^ djadonah add boda aa3d^ auddo?j ^ adcdad^
i
I■i 0^ <w .
1V cm
1B8 'raj**',** tf. e^ordo," djs^dod da^) doadd ag^dd^o d^dfdwwaod d^, djOqSdsd i^i
doaoqidy^dodo d^cdoadoadad. add ds d.as. d?iod^) dc^_
p: ;
0oM^dfcw*ta^ ****&• a°*05f^ t ! S (dradd^otiidd^ ag,e?odao d^d^adoSoae a djoqidS d^^ddoa •5
s srorfooBs^d ******* :
....1 anaoTOa^o tool,m ^o^tJsss | ddo agflodod d^doecdod) d^dd aana. ds doaddo aoft,do
*,adao:JjB i
^dcdoSdod dc^d,oqo#j aon do spadoiod ? ddofe a^sra^cdod^d^ 1
aess.F ori ofc9,j$j,***,3«» wrids^doddo. ^ja^dodjdos ?oodo atsdjdodd. dodo^ aoqi doadd a^sj^cdoddo i:?
<adt'a%ia,V!i,9*rfjS39359-ddl rfj0^n%ffi%'S:rad:S3?d ^ d.as. dcsodg. addpdjs^dces adodjdos, ^^-5- d^aod^j aad i
dlbdod 83233,^!^ t3®d^ &SdOO, Okd,fc s^cdod^ ddocBwF! aodja sBfdjs? adf^ doaddo doal^dod o?J> ;
;-: .• .838,fio d rt,aig*S,drarestoker® s?d3 I otaiddjdd^djdBreo s ^(doddd^ d.ns. desoddo c§?^do^do doqS^ssd,^ doddda-, fi;>.!;>:
t>084,eSoi I d^ad&d^storetf. sreFotedortss^ I edi dd ^ ad Oorf d^, djoqidd aq3F^-»j doddda. ds ssdradsJod a^j
H11i
838,d° Badooiodoadsd ^s^^d&od ddd^aosdjselj enodfo^dF^dcto, ^adod d^, d^o^d^ adododS, ddo^ad
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atjitaiosd ia3 «u;usi3lJtd.Bito3odoiiSF8 i dqs8lj addoadd^osjltd do^^a^odd adojoda dd^^^s^jOdo do^^ddow enod^^daod
aI
ml dd^dnds di^d 83jafqS?>eodo <a3 «daSod33 ^003^^)858^3833 a doaddo cS^dod a^^cdoddo^ ado^sddraa, adodd d^.d,.
i:
' ddrdoddrfjO II—(fS3^) rtdo^ddfsrad aodado—dd ^3^4 ssdd? dosdaadddo Eo^dod aodddo^ adoaaddoaa, addo
■
$tda djdgd^draraaorf tAiotorio^aa. dddgsraqiuasd d^dracs ^icos^oddodo dosjldod adodod^o ^co^odi^ ddFqoa dd^ddadoeoo ■
ddj_ ^Dsdo?jdco03dao dd d233 dsrark^ae). dddg^craudesaa dd^_ dorijTO^ran wodsrad^ do3doi0f|’.
V
arfu dj50^038qidsoad odoS odoo dd^dgroriodido, aodd d^dg, d.ad. xii^tdo dj^^dadosrad 8?8rida “ ajjuj^cdort^o’' aow ;
dSodnsdo^jrfo. ■aodcd dorf^rdg) djdgH3qjdoi>o& odoo araFcrio Sdraffisdocdoa s^do^sdd d^sod^) doosodd,d tjrarldaja dodo i*
djorinsrlo^jaw. ds ssdesd dS^oboodd^ts® adfo^iodd udod^d.
i $od d^dg,s8qidd &rai<rfo<S dddg^osddradP djad^ddfoo. o. ^owdriosdo ad^cira^dcs OTj^^ocs^f doriro ^^dratsscdoF
das^ts^dsBritStoDdd doHra^d^jicjsddcs^) ydd^d aow 3ouoddo, “That the philosophy of Sri Madhva can be established
djdo^odo^) smddd, aodd (doo-j^bbood ?jd ssftdos^do. ds enoddd,, merely by leasoning (unaided by the Vedas) has been refuted
fcctod esqSFd S3qJ$fa>?djd ozssajordo9 dood^d^ eAocraooO^
—(dtdd3o3(doaad cdoo^, aqia^ ^ts^T^Qod doaq^dd^^
dessd aridjd? ■adOe). addra artdod a^cdoaod i^pdFdg, to^oddaarlod d aoto qrad^ sooada^d), aoados^d. d^_
dosad 533af{ addoaodsS? ddre^sdsofi^^sdodo fB.odo aodo Jo^rt-dS ds doadd at^idaa. aedr aow 'aon)do ddgj d^_ ^oqi
d?d awsodoFSod doojddo sratBo^dasftdod)^- 2oftf ftro^od sradre^sraft dtsa sro aoto aqiFd^? dradd?^o. ds dodtjiF
djdofodod) odred&reeddrej ad^d&rado^jao), aodo ooeSdos^A
^^srodoao^ ^d^djOqiri^S jidralbda^nd. ds dod^^j
ds ipsdd^d^ rt,bfcddort emddd, aqia® odT^d to odd© ado; ^raj^3d0od ^CB^o^da^dodo. den'sqSFaBdreo^sdrad
d/8d docdraFd ad aotoodo d^d sadodido. 9 ^dodo. & aradoaodfi ^reSFtdous^odd© dfddeeatdoad ad^_
wd6 £>• ^d3{ doadacid sboddd &.adod,ddo ^ *Jrfo sooadod dB33d5odo. ds dosedd^ ds
^ *oatoft ^draa^d, toqiFd&dOA * aaiabdS ^d^draaddd? dodo^ja^de^o. ds doa^ddoaBdaad dot^
djd^a^d rtoqid^ djj&adoss 6. iSodobou- ds dodz^dg ^oddfdFdo^aa.
ddijdsred adofcd^^dra addo eo^odd ? «£» 3- ^idoado doQddd 0 ddrado d s® 1&2odor, doaoaaro.r
7355)13 *• ***’ d§ “55^<doddo" aodo efcart* <k K ?)r3 7 &
a^T^sraoa. ^ddoBoTjFtBcdoF, dofEsac^r? dfnsodacs^r
c&n
fragOi^aera ^wsoaSda^ (dj <ddd^_ djs^do taods ddotasdld! dd)^, 3s sredd) dojsurt oqS
djrd ft. tradjdorojZffsoiiF, add.! ^y^fO dfdo^di:—‘'Xhe ritfg) aad^dOod; yd: z^od: djtrfdy^. d:d 53sA dfdde
exposition that since the whole world depends upon Brahman for all yqradsad aS::>£ o5:od yqlab zazs^^aod jidF&d
its activities in Dvaita philosophy and since Dvaita is a philosophy wd-scrad oeatxbO ydisraddjad^d: dood:y. »:y dd^ii'fite
which believes in one came it must be called Monism, (Advaita) and djdtjddj?^ dcsbdldo ds ftas^oddg) craft^dd).—add djadu;8afc
that reason alone can prove the principles of this philosophy is OTn^d) dsd^ftwaodv, ddrqj-s doriddydod: cooQd ^yrt'fod
criticised with proper sastraic support and the fundamentals of
the Dvaita philosophy expounded ire faithful to the origina_ls,i„n,,th,is s^sraAd. dfdd yqradadO, yd: Iperad^oiradd yd: od::$
book...”— a&aod: atSJzpadoiraAri. 'ado t3^a ^erad^ <dw yql;re zSzs^^ftod £dFdd?a3d:d: ddw^ndi^d ; ad: riood:y
0qS zou d J^cfljod aoA d: qradfi a^foagcfcSrea&a^tStfow ,aow:d: ‘ |!S3dd|: ’ (subdjsosro) »:ow:cjd djd-raddd^ 3s?o3:ad:
drad^d^d^ ^jsd^d. ds ^^^djaadu ddoddd: oof=dd djdood y&d dred:. i>y dd^rt? d,ddsd^ d^obaydd^d:
ddd^d) dod^dcss dorids^firfi^d. dijsdo wd do^ddi ddrqre did^dtj^oddydodo 2oodo3:? d^sraAd. add^_
dfO dro^coa.d^ErorodrdOod, addi do^dcjs oa#j dd^ssd dddd^^jd? ^d^^ad, wa^sosddra, d?d£03ddra, srad^osddra.
sddid^f adoddj »iou dotpsdd^S Stod^dd. i& sadrari^od
dofduod aoh do sysn^ri^d ds ^^'dodoi zp'asaodddjsdjjdudy.- djdjsddjl^ ajd^d dd^j do^^ddjs yqjFdy^d dtrad:d)d: ^u^d
\ «iiou d,oqid) cof^doi ds d)dodd,dJ^jo3x d:?z3 ■ayd d,re?ddd^ y^dddcraa, y^oed y dfi^dsyad djs?d
^fd^dn^Qo^ d^^ddfrood^) aris^dra «uodi iiody dd^ ^di^djaa&aod: 0J d^^°i)d^ aioddid ddd.
ady^jdood ds dftyaodd) djsfd^o »b?idy^)dodra, sSjsa saQoddf v. ya^d Sws^r d?w3oa sra^r d:q5:i3 a. S^jisds^zsaakF
ds dd ^sra^d dd lojy dakdyri<& ddFdi^^odra d^did d^doe do% do5J3d^coJ3?3tiqre^o3i 53dddCB^dtpJ3dC3 dico3dt3^F d.
crfy^) Era^^radQod arasedron Jicra^oddOTfidyd^d. dido^ Sctd-JS^c)cdoF dozoddo oo^d ,d^e) odrr, yd dd^d dod ds d. oos
liered^afoy oSf*d d^add drt^o ^d ds dd^^^ddou 1 ij 9 -6 Q
6?soddd^ dodjCraokwd s33AdoS:od: cof$d:;3)d: dod^creakdou
dO ^btysoldsshdyd srad^^riSrt dd^d^ndy^d.”—ddod drad: oirad d:Wj#j a$ad dodidd^ diaiSdi^d.
ds doaddy df^od drado ds d.sss.d dyy^a, d?s^ dyd^ “dda>d- ds “ d^^d3d”dd^ djdWftd c Sj? ded:<i? dz3)&onr 5f3?3r,
^nd”, ds dyradd djdyjodyris1^^ &)oadlessAd. cofAdydS ds doaddisd: ’ dow do^od:: d^ftna^od^ ddFOedafcSjofoja erad
dyradd d?iod8i3 e^aMij^&d doadd dd^d dd^ rt,"q5^ saddradzo3d:c3ad dja^do^oS-raodd wydd^ djaoad <aoas zpad
adoSioto d^zjisd^ uoddji rtdyfracdFnad yod. zoodidf^ d^f dd^ di^did Ofdod:S d^ erod^ofo^ oojsoad djadeS, djafc^
&ady$cd: d,od:^d<Do3:f daqS^ftcsa^oddd^ ?oadod:d d^oi:^
ddjQod dsfddod aoA dfd z^^iodd djady^jdy sroq^aadd todssad ds a. n»i. dd^ d^dliddydya aod, ds d?sod^
^d^dody eA)dj^f&dh^)df djsderod eaodoFdasdri^d^ ^ftraoa
ds doaddjOdodj dyi^jtt^oddd^ soodd djsadosariod^d. ^4^ dreq^dyro^fodyOod add^o ridy^d^ddfs^d aod. ds dod
srar^dd^ d®?^d djad adi adfdsadcsdyadysari & dfsodd dy?d ®3^dyd djsadodS wao^ddd^A erod
zpad^) dytSdy^jay.
a.. doSd d^o dyroDdra^r y^do5- ^f^prozaaafcF 'So200
ddi 2ofl3 df^os^d:—1 To say that Dvaita is Monism is unjust *
i:
as that position is not at all to be found in the original books ; it js A^jjoadod ‘ dro^d^ i3j3?qSs ’ dod yzaaodiFd ro^d :-
purely a fanciful view. It is also unreasonable to expound a purely ^Sodrad yqiFd^ddja ridyji^d 6, ds dod <d» dyqS^dro odjiaa
Vedic philosophy as a systen that can be established by mere reason; i
ds oedake djOdi^db^dSiydod3 t^aadsaA ^fdwsoid3.—
ning. That all thigs have Svarupa Sristi is a heresy in this system.
21 .
n&_s OLS.
aro 3?> 2?KH> tods ^o2J rfsoirarf«$Fd^ ®^^d) ^3dJ3pJ3^S3dd0 doadjOdi^JSj S3q33dC3
lJbb*<6»4* *rfd ^ W^woforood aoW5d5 d,oqSd &?eraqre3oJ5dS adcn3o3<i»?d sadiaf^sad
od:3i SSdf533f Kri3s'»3)^?li3j3^-®St)i^33r—^dCSd <33 dea3o3dodododj3ad3d wdfdaod djd^TORdodjd.
ofcod *rf$*tF;Hdo
dddreaj^ «r%d *3, *>B»d, aado; enjdddd^sjsdjOTd t,53dd) ^odo da^oddO b?d ad 3
;53>ftd aodi df^udodfdjsddo, &jod5 ?jC33 osdo adF^ adcdo
aoa>o05JJ»^d«j5Fdaod3J3, **>
ddtd^o tags, a 33, do v 3, S3 3era es^dolodjado^ oiosm dd^ eaidddd^ S?*^di aow dradi doSdosdda^ d?d wdo
gJ^J dess l3'l ^,3.^8 —(dojFOod /nfdjfTOd 3dp d)dj3? asssddraddedo.—ocf. ?i3r!o3Sidd3F aowidd :
dgs S^dc33d ZSfodSJUgra^Sd adedd^O »5oZb? ^0J'Sri^?53dsSt)f\ daodOdodjdo dM3dd<d> d?a)d ; «s desodd zp-adrts* Szod^ddi^ fi
ajssddjsdoa d^^dead) do^od ■ad? djoqidOdodjdeod add^ aO
2ood pins o33;53d sj^odiO 3i sdddrad^d doccdood^d^ odrerori dj^ddodjau.—ras^o5" yor. 55^. doddii^D, djd^o1" y^4" ■
yd&fifguf^odos^do^C or! do;™ ^rtosdfi) <aod3 E^&qjp), <aozo
<!
dwoQd S3^siorf!jiFdfl0djJ3 dj^arad dddjSs^d ^ygp^asd ■oc^w odjs^F, tp3S3FOr, aowodd ddsdOd^didi ojadodi d?sod.
i
di^,, aodd ddFusoes^d? 3s zmdad} sparfrt^ dot?. djdd, add dioaijasd 2p3d^, “ Dr. H. N. Raghavendracharya..... [
;:
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! dddoadid dodja, dddsa^d aa^j^ojj^dd^ d03^6^*^
:• ■ dfidoSiodra, ddWj^d ddo^ad d^^jd) ,ado3jodi nad y^ddp, ad^d^ra^n ded^s «d°d;
| draqi^dj ^aadi^dj^jdc •ad^ sragoSoodra, erud^da^ri^ aa^JJj ften «t^sia dokra adpdkd. * sadraaod gftd^d
i*n**»d <^*0* d.o^o erf^dfeioad es^^odoo »? ' ■
tOj^df dojsadodj ?iae?iae d^o^dinad, ad#j ad>d saft wri Jti Lti 4^d0 *****4 '»«*’*
i*5 ®dc^, tuodo aodi9 dJaqS^di sia^odadr^ardto^a'daf'i
naa*3 dj^jdeod doqJ^dod^ uaoidiiaa^nad (Dualism or edpdbda* *«%*!*> ;
Pluralism) OTodaioda, u,^ i^od ^a^ddad ^?dd d^djad «*> »^sia^s*. ■ kw"*** **"‘, ';i’“ :
dd^ esdido^ ^jOTOi&Fd^ stodj^dood" do±iFd?oad^g 1*«.„ «,*,„. a* i * *»*"' ii
e3?dd ^diad aqina d^epadd? «rt^odj8dM#5»rt»^dood d»^
did^i d,^dAW3naF^dodia, ^d^rt* dddnddoi<&« ewdA aii"=!h !*«"> *"**?“ saFa***®'
d!od dock aoftrfwbjJdOodttfi, Aowdjb ^dca^C
®>rto3o« dddia^«rt^ sadca^odo roadoioodwa, *%» w, «***),** in**^ ’
! oza.
dodjfcB^od
rod S3^ddodFddodo dodo^odo coded, &Sc)^c) ddodFd£jod son ad^ip 'aa. addra?ge33id;33dd.ra d^dra do&
ered ?reqidSadou dra odd) doq^33d,d dodd^ adodjsdaB
•&5^ 'arf)iisi adodd da3d OedodosD
Adod)do.—add d^.d,. s^ddo 69-70?M> ^)l3ri^a co?d j>Q£^'sj^ oSozo Traqd^^j do$a?jod)dd dojsa# ddFdodjdo. ds jia
acJ, d ’.— 53^ adodFd) a^jdjSC^253^ coo-, ac^ c^c^dcJ^SOododi. jp^dd^j) dddoaqj- ado^^aessdd) z»odo, docdo eps^dd)
l acrarO^ adj e^dt;0^ sw^dodowodj dood:a. doJo^odo. 'ad#, jpsaoj aorWo....aai<5®ddd3 ad^ara^djdcs
" adodF, addd.0 a§53d$?daod addwe^^cJ^odi sAi^^hd. djsdzde*. djdra^odd odw^^^do^dZod^j doddSoradd?#o.
aodd :—ssd^dodFd) djdodqis^ddoiiiFcrad aqidJ3^s30r!?d d^^^csFOdi^j^dodi ip3jd°&3wd?#o. eps^d'&iosy.ra ado 3373e^d
aSo^rad adidraegsra^d^l. eru^dJs^sssri^d ad dodFdd) “% dorariSod g^d. ssTra^ddodFdSjod ^u^rreddre
dJ3?2?53idd^) ^od) ss^od^F. co?ftdo^3r! ^rodjdJS^esari^d 53d^oo^oOj^^jcjJ3dod)co3 cw odo^jjDdi ri)csrii?od g^?d. 2Tc)^c)
yo533d?od:a3d eps^d^ow srad^4 ad^dj^a?^ ? ad^? dodFd a$;33 sro^sra^d^) ad&racges^d^, sradd^oeo drajd?
aad ^j.lp....d?sD#di srodj^d^dodi udadod 53^ddodFd? ad 0a. add.raegss^dasddoea.ra ado »cod dod^ ade|#;33ft #dFd^
^5^733^0^^ wrodjd d^draesdddrieodafl, ad^ aqjdre^ sredodo. ado ado^Tssd#, ?raqdd—3s ddrfdd^ dddjad^dc
o3&d^?d a2oaa3ftdo^)dOodara d,o,cjoioand. ad^coOod 53^, auddeddosdos^d,—‘ odjaddi 3s rtoo|;33d, aodd rioddaad dd
adjdfd) 'addi so?9did)dj doed^a.” &?d dra^d^dd^ dcd_S ^^oda^derd d^doa^d0^? addo dc^g> il
oo?\ddded, 11 ss^adidFdjadjdddi #?da aas^^Frivd, frea3 erud dosrad zjj-ffodid^ draaddd) dod^, addo d^^f 5§.raod3
ddfi? eAJsraepB^odidi. ssd^ad^&Fodw dqra^^Fd^ d fe^odood s3idd a^d. addftodara de^g sS^ &^d<dod^ dradodddo dod^.
asrtwd^di; doadosd dd^d ss^adidFofoodfd^ ? dd^iira d0 oira&ra 'aa. d?idJ3 addftod aodo^ ^odoo3dddo odradre ■aa,
ro^adidFdf^odd dd;>& en)5i3ip3^addd^?, *r3oaa^#j? edjsfd doood<do.ra doU^djaa ’, ■aodo.”
uoa?di. aeddeod ^^dJs^sseri^d dd^d qra^d^? da,” 3oU ddFdecosod d^odre^dradg l3?o3253oi>Fdo dirt enjnas^d
epsdad d <d^^s>a- add gdi djqi^i^oada. asd a^edoFd d^oSoododo^ ad^dad, d.rae337i;33 d a^aqs?
ajascd^Fd) “ do^asd udO ?o?d l?^ddv.— eqi;33 dddo S3 733Jqs3J««.dj5d£S5 qss^ddjsssdos 3oe3? dooo33d “adosraj
ss^adodFed qiad^l addjsc^dtderf odoTre.3(^c|j5e d d a^d” <d jpTjddd^ wdsraa?) saqi^^dFd dsraFdd^odoSodojs
ad,?3l addjjt^Sfj.d ^dtssaf dodfJsddJ I Tjood^Sjd
3c)733^ep3j7dd eroded add^ddoao zp^ddd^, dodoFd?33dd|)(doj3
dj^j aSqss^dwi^^deaf I a,aqj37n>»i SdJ sre^d sas^sp^d dodj^ a^ioa^d^f qre^dSjoaaja sAJ^^^sra^d^^
dod'Fdo I a#o qss^do ddei e71.3^33.^003a l....aK,?i d;&F?d do?33q$d3?idod)do20 epsddd^ dy^daddoddo. ado?#,
d,dc®o ^es^o aoioo^e? doddo dqra I qs3{do d^ded ^d. d?33fc3f jra^ddodFdSjod a^aud ^tfdaa- adodOodd?, 733^0*0
ssTTOjdrijdFdo I sidocisirtjEso d^af na4a8al#jj ddj5ed 03 I ad d,ddd ad«3 pswjscdd^s^a^? dQ^ddrf^dds—dood^a»3)^a3d
^03^53:3 ddF3S3. 3^0 dj^B3 I a* ^sioo sSddOO dOocIjO fra^dadri^ saT^q^odod, 'a^? ^dd^, 'ad? add^, aodd
do^# edJ »«P93^« I ^t°d'3oaos3D3od)33j d^ado ded 3 ado dj3?^raqid aodo &w3 ol&doddo.
ddoed, d^ydj. 53d* diqS^dJ^o^dodi ddqidrea »?*d
dedo. II d t* imp dodod4edo d^r doe a^d dos '
I qi?3d3o3ddd
d doe d^dd,* fcjedoddjseqioa ll_gdd eqJr «pad#j3, doq^&sra odd add^d^rto ao3dado;$do. add
s3^ae33daod dddrad^ adda?^*^^. dddjj^ddjs^ d^“ d^^<D3d£” ri,oq^ rlsat^dad doqS^na odd ass^dra
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d^aeaSart^ tfoda&ada, ddF^dod^aaodo^, »^dds ^naod ?jO ^ (deaaddoadaaart <d?aadd rfdad^daeoia^p dddaa
wdnadtfaartiftSow sad^oiada^ dad&dO
i$
II dod nao±4 ydariareaad ocdodaOriaoa, yqSajaddd,dat| (Modern ^aaddaada^d, < dd^gysa ^d* art aade^y, ^ij&
Philosophy) oi> dod,<3ao±>3, ydariaraaad aedoSaOojaoa, dat^ ^ ^drasJ did^ddda da% ds^d
^traod^ aired d,daeoi>d adcriadOoi>.ra oirad eeddaOaSaoa
d^dd udd oedaiaOdaja, aiaqreolra^aari ?njd*radp>djaa fiol J)SF3t>d, c^Ojioj^^^lsnd ds^d^rtJei daq^&taa^odd &a,dy!artra
i dat^cre odaod d,dodd jj^rds sDddda^asa, ao23fdaaosad epadrt^da^ uoadad
dadreedsadad aozo o^rad
d^^odoo CO^ JTOJJ^o3«)CS^0 ? rjQ0dje)d djatjS^tpadc^)
dd^ d^dadsaa djd^aanda^da.
i: tMcretdedcredJdaaft ^si^daadaaftdadydedarida, ?sdo siodorodo ysrado^ad^d.^o I ajsa^oi) sad^oari,? asja aret^
;
jiod odos ao20g) ^doaladaad d^oart^ dada, 2^& o3aod aa,do$narta
dd dddradtd saoiaF aoia datnad,daeaiaa)) ?dodd saaa^ddadF
^)d) dad^ ~a^oari^3 rte dOiyiscaFiafcg) dojaFdsaddjaoda^da.
aod fti^aaria^jde coosdao dfd aqdaody. dad}, ytffaodaFda,
% dsd^ssjadjse^ed oj.rasaoaa3a-J&3asd,djas I a^cd^ed^sodjo^ ■ada ?>dodd3'a?5a,ddadFda°d d^d? djadda escd^ d{6 msra •!
I did? ay, ’ad? 2padaorid{, sa?3a^ddadFd4 ?dodd afodaaria
do&joe§2do3j32S3odosssf—(ddad aa,drec3d;red ydaspddd^ doria sra^rf^d^fi^djdd? araaoiaFda, “ ^dodd^m^tsa^aod u
dddred^da d^dod, aow zpad^ ydariaraaaft aa^joa^ddrea#^
SsjfUj ds yiedwiida, daaSFoddOcdaja, ddFat^rfOotara, sirfFoaea
j' i3?da. ds ^ioa^fradoadd? didda oirarta^da, y^t^a 'a^- «*d dSaSaaa dddoad^ oaoiaF, aodd dddod, aow jieaFoiad? 20,^,
ai Xia odoaddodd dsd^oadaad aired epaddd^ dsddS o3ja;s;d srai^o^oeo $ eoia^ri aaaqi^ ” aoeo ?jna odd 3dM^ ddFsasa,
airedzredda), aoda -2A)ddfS?jd3d)dd^ oireaariyja dadodawadda. ^fiFfddooosddradsdafd 2o?d ed^&aQ^doddo: odo add^d
i dadddda ^Of^d^rariaad^da. aa,drec3daad ydatjid;^ sasa^ dod,oda ddFdoedoddesaaalddSo^sdssadaa doTraosdo^tlodsll
i doqred oo^ddjaj raza^rtadidood y ydo^^^^ djdodjdd,
i! eadadaaaft od^fK^a, osodd a^aoajddjaa^ja^dlwd ydd^ V ■ •:
:!
!; dlodaa eodaudaa^ oojdaj^dadjdf moadda yda do&ia?2d2fJaddd^ dddoad^doaso^d? d^d ; -ds d^ddoaddde e3a,?iddo i!
rooaodya sadcaay. ddod djddjda^odad adadadSodaoa d^^odj (oiasa^ Sddjad^^dd^^o ds\3^ddo?dddsoSdoadoia8)
dsa^^dodoijad^j ^d^daraasad ejradaifdd^dd aozo sasa^d ad dodd y2ffa<xiaFd daa oddO ddaftda. d dafaiadodd
dadFd^ ddo^ddSodaja dj^dasaoOada. qn^d^saddoa ?3aqdd^?>^u:> ^^qaFes^d^j adoda. sa^dis©adsamodO oda^a^yFKa,^ »dcda
yd^j jiadradadsaridad sas^ddodFdd? sadra. 2ofd 3a?^d ^dod^ dada, dddod dbddda. ^dod^dodd riaca^sesF :
;
dadFdow ?saqid^) srad^f^^adoda ddadtdedsaaA daq^^na^od a$k• dddod,dodd ada dojsaft, aodd as&saoiiFSjaA ada^
d© dda?Fdro'ftdad)do.—ds d^dd^, ridoddada^jd? 4j^-
^?od 2p^53a>d 2S^d;3a2lfdcaa^ol tsrid^,. dddod, aocia
dada^ d.aa. .Sou aaoddd?sadd$rt sadca oaoda ^odqiFdO softf ^Soiao^jda ad^^dodj aoda dSaiaa^jddO doiaFdsad^raoda i
udada, sa^d^ida 23^ ded^ aa^ddoaa ^^dd^r!^ dd !
u^^dda aoda aedade « deaadd^rt daoay iad odsadad. doad^?d dafa^tfajCraA ddFdsa^djdaadada
iado2i y d?aadd^0 daqS^raodd dy^l aa^rt* ^y^) ^da. doa^fd dsa ^a,da, aodd dddoad^od d^saad
spadri^ ?ra?dya enaro^dnand dra, 534 ddFipa doaqj .do^,
rodad^e ^daoaFydradya d^d^fad aoda d^cdaod^da^. dddod . (d.dod 3 ^oadododf eaioaOU [Independent
R«ality] *o4, dddod^) a<oio»- eqi^ »W •««»•«
i
: mu. nti i
[Dependenlorderived ieality]s3odja *cior^di SJaOSpa&ToSpaSjadaodjaF dddojdoaa ajsaoiiFd jpad^ 193 rtdcsaijSF^a da.
dtf ascijridcssssn dc£_ aoA da ^oqirt^S ssda ^fd® UjS^d^otiiori ddr^a,da. dod^?d,
i ?*oda ddadd^, dddo^doda atfotbi^dd® add dsa^d dd saddda^ daaosadadsa^p ds d srodspaddroAda;^. dd
i dra^doda aeaSaa^iSe evd edaaAda^da. ad? «\ad?ed®d djas^S i S5i^°3'> ^^fciaajdjdcad? ds d^da assipadea
aridjd^ad sand4 sad^oadssaAda^da. Afioda®, dasaFspaFr qidar. dj dodardTsa^d 2paddd^_ wssacriaFda ^dassaipdjsad 8?.3
Ssieeaao^too^aasaqifsadj^?-^^ dd^ii^d^aaudo^oda© gjafl Jjcaa^o^Xidadda. djdod odddaaipaF^o.......ajaddaa^rsd
^tfoiaad was odaa sadad) aoda #edu wrt^d ^oQdaaAda aad s5dddd.3f ad.docdads—(djdoe^d^d? dddaaqiF....... add
^)da. a®;j3 dddrad^aaFdsaA dddo^aaAdad© a^odao ddad^p k d^dodjdd rfd saodaF. ds ^aad^ ®da [rf^oi^dta
dsa^sd^ -Soda ^Sodaa^jda aadaqsaqSr, ®da sadaduaS^ iaoda dada] dddJaqfc aow diadd® •a®); ada^dodsadeda ddrdaad
add spaddoda “ ad^” oi>®, o3a^s essays esEpars ddro» d^ja? da&^dol essajdosa gdasa^/ded.cdo saji.0 asrt^nall^tsrtdi
! sadse^jS ezia.ss^s^ds^doa^sd^fSvsa.ja d sadjd, dod^sa afsad, ^od33®ri^®da^)da aad^d. ®ddaa ®da yr^dos^, °aodd
i! saaS i sadaacdjqiFs ia0da sa.aar!* israFcSa&dadda. ds dddaadfedd.d3a2^)^aJda. ds sadcaaod ®da oiraaari®^ a®dod?
9.s d dddsrerijS^a), aode daaosad yzsaodaFd i^dd 8orfd?drt*
i! Jj3ad#j ejqaadsaA, edae^^o wad^ »3atdo eisa^TOEsjasadaaoJdqi-
(ddFdaa^djdsad es dddred^dd^d^f •I'SOdao, dadd dda^ ^do^ayd^cflaod ^scaFsad jpaddd^ ^Mrfa^^i. addj^a
at^addd^ «5a), aozo djaddaodiaFd ada^jda. addj^ariaeassaA, rtoaaAoSa^, sa^od,.daed dd^o ^ow®^dojpad dddaad^?
Si ddeao wda&rae^azsodfiata! ^drao^ociodaaddajaddd—(draed ^odaa, ddad^daa&^o dow® %*>d^odaa,
!! dzsad ?pada, ddFdsa^d dddrad^® ^araFsaA da^da), jSsdd^o d.dodjdjO iaoW© dfd^odaa,
aoda asacdaFd enaddfdada^da. ads l*a*“ ada 3sd d«adds I a3ats?a*as 44^ a°wS JJ
i wdda, dddodjdow spad^j #?dea dddaad^ a^,do daadde «i, add tS{4«Ma esa^dda aodaa da^caaodrf ;
!
d^.d? sadcdaFOTA ena^ada. addoA(wOdad® Sina odd® esa^dcaAoSa. ad«> *d® ^d^ddajd^ **d
^53^cx)«^o3i? 530J3 T7?oJ^) 2^)^^o20 daadad o*ad **** d**-dd. °*
!i ?)Coa odd^ djdfSda^jda. ds spad^, dsgpFtdjdF dedded^ 11
d^F?d dadd4! »d.raes dasasadjidaFo ^dtsad^d^o aowezsaodaFd e3?3aipadra fiSlTdS? fir!
ydd rfsi&fcaa o*i ds a^cdad®
d^cQaod ra^d^aAda^da. adod djdodj dada^ dddod aoza
adda ^dafojarS?1^ d$cdaa^)da adaed^voaadd aozo® d d d art Sdot&tortjji rtiaaSoSiia^ % “ - s■':■ :'
aaad ^d« . dddaad^ddaaad ^ sa^ria^jda "^owadf
X.ro odd ^dtda. •ade es^dSoSa?, dddjad aa ?! daasa, ds jd?ad^ odo^ S^, 60i^ j! , ^ y^da^
zsa,^ ssdaaa^ aodra s^draddd^doiadaduadadT aea dy dfioiaja ^ ^roodrf sjj&^V
dl^oia® d,^d^ad M ^ > a*rfaad, add? «fi
tTA^° ^ a»«»d* d^d daa^.da :
stoadddo ssdea^^^®3 si j
dadoiataadda. ad^ snadaaddaaAoSa? “ ^ doaoa,^,: daaosad ^ddada^dadda. ^
I
^oqid^® d,du aaAda^jda.—(ds d daeodad^,
M'
Jd® aw^fcjtfbod Mabdtrb5 ««a<odrt^ OJadad rtdidd^t ^d:3’ A,j0 ^ Qoacdaf
ded ds tpad^dea^ dasraqi.) 10 m -° ^Frts? 2o0i3 wdd “ fl«o4^ °^ aoU es^ai^cdg <w^&
(Reign of Realism in Indian
i:
f 23 !
I- t
!■
II
mw rist^ftcra^ nw
ddad ddb& tfu^rW^f 7oa$dz3?z?oza djtjSdjda^ uodazadad d. (d^dd^ z^d ;&$dd
ds jaaa^aod y dtaadd riMS^osSaJirid^ sadaSFda»j)dd dajayzf ^^^^^^:rara*CQ:^^oi::k°'n)l>!i^re!:kd5d....ddaad)ddd 1
daqS^dna odd zaa^dzpaddd^ djazJdai^fS. dad9d eAdes^ra^p dddaad^ddj? dd^nadada), iaozs^ daaosad Ji
“ zpad^foia jSs^dd ‘ djdodvj dddazSfddad^feidd^ a deaa^cra y^aafcda;^. -arf^ zsadca ssodaa ■i
SWolJa ’ <hoW St)dd y^d’’—(Reign oi Realism in Indian Philo ^da daaj iodaddad? d?eda;$da. “ ■ad^ra ‘ daqi^’ dda^F i
sophy) iaozoa&aoda 1937 dd a,? acf. faartoaaddaF zaozadOod &da%<3, adfo^f "S^art^JS OTf^add”, i>oU dja^fl daad, f
1 d^fdsaad ,aof\ da e3?aad- oida yzaaaSaFd ddd^dcarW adofo dddaobaa:
dd^, Zu^jd^fd ^csaodd adodd^d^ addd&dad zaa^Kdod s^dS^s*" ^odado dad^ cre^a^e?' edaOdo aodad^d desa
d)d)dDsaftdadoi daafdadlda. ydd 680 ^UiWatf, w zadddtf dSda&faoSda^d^ ^sz^d? S?da«$tte»j, djat^do a$;aa
odafi djaddod djadodadddra erodaaaadzaad sadodazdj Zu&j^dafd edBjWJ^^o iaoda asda&aoada^dd^ fjafsan^zsaod
daqS^dcaa oddj zjyadjadsaarido^da. z3?sadda djsdu^odi ^UdsD,
csapazpaddaO dja&dadjd^raj <add z.^ dfaad^f djd^&da^da.
“The Philosophy of Dualism brought into prominence by Madhva” “Monistic A bsolutism is not the only fashionable philosophy of life,1'
—(‘ daq^’Ood d^da ddy^ dJdod)d^).jrWa adda aoza daa^od) —(daap^r yzS^y^Udo aoa aad^ode zaedfid Farida dd
doda ydozflddadda. 678 ^3o3a Zr)Ud<D, “Madhva has argued and dy), aoa dj^zl^odaa y dfaajSdd dfddfddoddra ddadesaAy.
established an unexpurgated case for Pluralistic Theism and Radical add -aon da siaozpalsdddrfa yqfFd^f&at y dfsodda deodaan
Realism,”—d^dodjdd^rttf&jazOjfsad dfdda da^ad^od Wda^ja^d doedri? cojaedoi ijafda^Qy- djafjado dada, yzd^
Zuoda d^daao, aozo a’add^dj^, d,dozif«-jdj®^z^) rrdFtpa <-^dod, «J|i3do iaoza ^dda ddrtertja ada cofdaaf dodoazaaaiaFd a^d
aadada aozo asddfdj^ ‘ daqi^’da aaaQ&dadda dada^ B^la&da sSeoaoddoda aqiFdjaa^jaoda ^dqSFvsrad atsad^ daadlida
I dda), aozSfdaaosan ddafe dfaa?idd^ zroddoeoaddjaadadda.
3§A < wrioiia^ysadea Zuoda, ada ’ aouade dt adda
efud^da dad^ eroddoosad&jdad dozaoqddd^ d^da&ra'sfa d zpad sadrte dooirad aqiFdS adndad zpad. ds ddri^a saodoat^^d^
d^ kdaddd daed zSl^dasa <3.
dafsazpadoSaod ddaftd^zaad sadodad da^, y adcdadfd^ ^Fipa aS^oda^jaydozoada foodcda?
^fzaaodd^ dsoiraA deddda a ddrt^fS^ ad^ a^odada^dja
oirada ^(tias^doda sa^ d^Staa daa^ add dacd^dtSFyi, ddafad^ 9a. ^zo3r odraoaddja ad^^dd^ draf^o aqSna azdra,^
dyd sado3ad £odj3 dada^ esd^ d^das^doda sa^j d^ddad ^ido aoda tfdadd, ssaezpa&^aad aqiF^ fSrfafo da^^O aa^sad
dd^ ^d?aajddjadad osafsajda 'as^aadrad d^_,3a^djor!dyd drada^dasari a d^dooadd^ TOzda,ridafivj dddfsadaaa. zooda
zparidj^ & dfsa^aod irtdazS^d d^so^adoda^) •ada^Uri^d^ ^oddaa fsa-odasad aqSFdS u“ddri* z-oda sa^^ «s^05a
y^saadeaa eadcaada^ady ; kdaddda adcdaddaed d J^tOadzaa *d dodz^s&dfadd ad^ jioa^eddfsad ^F
^zda^ ydwadaada^d^. adodajidiadEiodaaajaja azsadaod (fashion) rk>?djd dd ^dzaaddo; szaad^) ddt^?G>Fo3a^fdjd,
^^a^oddf dd?dd? uodaaada^da^da.—“ Madhva’s
Pluralistic Theism replies that the doctrine of the degrees of
reality is yet to be proved in the light of the Pramanas The ^Mo.ttA^dOod evodadf^ « *W% *Wf^ "odi
tiniest particle of sand on the seaside is ^F^dsdada. d» du,d3odaJa «3dad dd^dsad ^ „ y aqiF
as real as the Absolute, ”—
(YS 0 3 o«j, own
ddo^ d^dSd a dddfi^ zf\)do3o3?ri?jdd, aj^sd^, ad^da^d^
a ddd "«A)5jo3j5fri^) d'J&radodjcsadd, w ddddo^ zrvodo3ja?A?od ^ ”4**^ **»4dx aS
djad^od dd^jroododo? Zol^d^fd saozpa&'d ddri‘^ dflcdowd * 6/0'‘"»°bsto*d JwJ>n,od» *d?«?Jdo dod.
edd? aodoado. «roc3S5odeirt w^dzodd^ iddo&ra&a^ra. ds ; «d«*08. ^Wdiat^^d^ ?to”676
dd^j z3?d, ddoaadd, dz^oaS, dd^d^ doooisad ado^? aqir ^di 3SddO, He is merely an appearance oj the Absolute”-
adzjcdocoad djad^aod, weirdos? w,».S83a,wa aozo djad^aad (®d«k ^idd « W.dHWitejj, aodi aSt^tfo ad.d
w^dzos^ ado^ddd^ daayi^d ? ra?do3o? d,ra?5>do aozo doddodi Zod «?«d3ddo. add < a^didrs1, ’ aozo dddadhdd
dd^is a$Fad?ddO ado^? dd^aadrisd a^c£od£>. add ado zpadd?(Sozo3d^ doodan a?* o3j5?rt,aad e?dod3 add^ zwd
dra?ndo|oa. a^oddrj? a0u dd^ ^q^dd^’ aod^draa,
< ssris^cs^assdrafrad dddjad^fd d,dod^ ’ aodo aq^rdd^ ^rado addjSj adjSjW^fcF aozozjj^dd^arto addodc^dd? azj?ddd^ ]
s^jaadd, s^doaradoad r^oqSuadsod a zsad?oioaad zpadd) soft? ro?tf, ad? ad^^ddiddodo 5o?do^)do zoa^daartj^jdx ad^^dd) t
w,d^d ao^dd^ad zsz??dd^ s§?*4aa. od^ddg a°z^?d
djdaaFidd, dod^ mad a aqSrdsD d^daad sad^ddaafi a dd '
df^e erudoira?rtdo^do azsadddfsad z-zo^ r^o^dd^Fan ddofod aou zpad oired dd^^?d dod^, aqiFdO wdod^d aouodd deoijad
aadd, doq^aaodddaan addd^ znodo3.ra?f\?)dd zoaqodd?^o? d$ds?^ z3?soddzddd aoriaandzodiaafidj,. ooaftad doddjd
cooSd di^dda ad? Traqdrod da aodo £c3F?daafodod aoddd^. z3?daadodd^ ad^^ddodo d<3do, ado a^^ddaadod «aadO
aazdddo dod^d^ddcdo, di z^cSood draf^do aozo ssd^d ad(j^ adj^ddodo d?do, * doqS^do sjodpdjaados^S” aodo ds
sood^d oarady^ do^ojoOdo aozo doszdri^jsad aaddd^ ddoqiF^ e3?so^^) sradod do^)d^o_ ^ja?add, ad^ ds addo aa^
djado^dod d^d d?so?Sd^ azsaddja&dd, ado dot^craod M dDzdodo^j wedo doadaafid aodqJFaado^)do. dod^, ad?
dd^ snoraa^ddoado^^ozo aa^KQod dot^aa^odd^ aasa^^ dodz^FdOoSo?, ‘ ea1<x!j3fHr dod^ sszift,«jJabf addddjaj az??d
doodad,d aoeood^j d^d aariadd:. aqoaFS*' zsrido^ djdod^ aodo co?*^)d:Oj djsefido aodo edddo’ aodo aqiF
?ra ddo^dod add aad^j zo^a^dd^ d^o^aan -ad? ddo^ do3?f>do aoa aaozpa&^dd^ »?<?, doo^dudodo
desodd ?0od^ri? z^ds^do^do. adddo?d, dddoad^zo^? ddqidjaa, dd^ .3ad,d doa?ddodo an^odOod dedc«daad
d^dod, aodo addo aaSoSo? «?&^)do ad^qJF, adod dodo^ ^aa^ ‘ do„cd:ado ’ a^zood? dorsad, aodo .do^do£ d?*ddo^)do,
ddaaftdo^do. dddoad^ s^doj^ ‘ ad^io ^dod, ’ aodo dorsad £, enodead^e az53ddoadzd?5and. di
m?£d djad^Sod da dod dd ^da; d^s^dojodod d^oSoodyoa a d ddradS d,dd aad dazfodo aozado s3?dzo)dfcd az??dd^
^4^5^ Fjdi^iFFidfdo. ■ad? doqS^daa od. ad? doqd 4aa od z3oa??doSdo aodo c3?^do d^; az??daadz^ ado
d^i ^e&do aodo ddodM^ddO adftdtd ddotfo. dodo, doqS^
Xotooti&Z). 4l ^adCQ&orf s3j3€?i^o ttovOD ^’
draaodd^ dOgdoOdo aodo dddddo aad^daaft ad& jooadod
dddi aodo 3z?dod?*. &?,1 ^do^dd ^do (dualism) aozo
epadd? daa od?>oatfdraaario$do djd aaftdaad, d» d * d d?d
** °ddS< &**>* ^?dd? *jgdOdo (phualism-V03^
^dd^aad) aodo do^draodd^ z.^ d?«?da^)dd BtM.3
dwaoaooFda. v «5od esqJaa dddod, aodo ^-*4® •
ou.s Adhere, orf rm
sadraaad ddza^d-' ??3^tio^ddS ^dad^a. ddod dadad^ol ZoodadA’doza
da1^*1 ere o^d) ^praF «*zlrate>.raJ&3do aodedF^da. d^d d^aa wwWoU Uojlo*);3;>?!3 * ton dfiqSrfwjoaanlid), dodra •adda
tfda yzS^zx^lido Oozaadd^ aaodddrada^da^jda daqS^dta^od S{*rf*- yd5 ”e,S' sarioajcidja zg?tfya ^rfrqra
d^e aaodddasdad djdorireoSada. adadDod •add d^saddO foo^ilcdaadcSoda ^csiz3?33fto3a? au. jj^ans Jtatsfyidasidaai,
ddgqra dcaaoddad d^aaaOdo sud? 33^a saoddasdzaa daqj^ dtfdaessB^zajao w^, aps^^oio*,
dtreod^ ^praFWjd^sraddoza zjradd adododa z^oda ud, dada, ddpi^^^-sadczjiKiEiMs a^i, esoSjsfsg^a^gjjStjragf, esdo jjrfrjj
djJez^ yzSj^oralisdo doeaadd c^dodad ad,dra dada^oda vd, dad ad aj^n^asi, Series d§ds a^dosS-raz
zredrasreftda;^. ado soad>j^ oa^raaos dodd djsdaa drfos, dded £ed<uo rf^o, dozS?daao33f\ sn)d?>3st33aritfa ssda
ar^^d doda is?da^jaoda, dasfd^0 sqSd3 azSj^ajs^ydo ^O20i ^darari, ss^rte djSdddOodwa dddre^d ^dadde^
dd^_ a^^adda^ ^odadjsa, adoad daqS^dro oad) ad^jdaod sSjao^,^, riarasipraF^d) ^troo^dsria^dasari, aril^ji srad
zp^dadadOod dfroodda, ?aej3d^ aa dowa sraadadjd^, dd^d t^^^dwi;Od^J3 ^d^dCsa^daahd, OjJ3d dodj ,^S3 0^
dsndad)da. ds 0^<loia zpsdd^a dd^F^rocasri dz3dd3d dead 33^? «s d^drerartea y<3?u d^o^dd^.rt^ d^ssada^doda
dod da^dz33oa^ ariad doesodadedozaadd^ adoddeasd cof'ttoa ^cdaFUdad)da ? «du di d?sod^ ! s^dOdo’ sa^aJiF
ad^,aa. Sdaasri esd^^o^jsoaBftoSi? daqi^sa^d^e S33ddad .adaridad
Q ro
addolcdae aS3S3jdj^»dea3odd d,daeodadd^ ds desaoda w^odao^o^) dfaa^ddsSzjja sodazada^da. z-oda erunsoodtiajad^
ao^a azs3udJ3da^n3 6 doda coe^aa 'add desoddd d^_, a^d d^Tra ddjsecs. 609^cda w dfsrfda foftf co?*ddi:
^odazada^jaea. erurasodel^, 656d<da lidjC^cdad, “........ finite selves are postulated to have no origin in time.
followers or Ramanuja eomend that freed spirits do not differ from (‘ Anadi ’) ‘ Karma ’ the inexorable law..... holds sway ”- (23?STO
one another,”—(daauzSfdda ddd^d z^ddl^dda ^oda o^drada^f sjja sazadS OTa^^oSiuddcrart ddF^dadda. zs^avdaFdoza
odada saadadda), doda ^e^dadda. daau^edd az^ed^ oadra ad ^oo^dudaa........dd^ od^d^ ■aUa^oada^da). •acd
dawda^dea; daa^das dd^d zji^dozaade taBd^daKda^od.—ds dddred d ddFSsdra^d^, ^d-^w^ ?radao^^dd^ dd
d°a& & zSesOuda coeda^jaaddra dda, doda dz33d ^ zhf%rt ?ra do^dd^ doraa&Aradua d^dad d,oda1-
djsadd, 666doaa 4'^dz), “ Madhva’s Radical Realism and Plura- daqj'addi ^sron ?i«9* dddJ3dfod
jism are based on the Upanishads, the Vedanta Sutras and the Gita,” da &da;|da. 23?dc33da, ndaFTOdS, dddndJJod ?i°
—(daq^d < zsri^ djdo^d^ ’ doza asd^p dad^ ^doa^df^^
(A)dJ odada oSasoda^dadldeod y^aoSaJida^da. dddre^$BWj
asd^p aodddida^d^a, dra^d^a dad^ fte33 'a^jri^ y^sd^^a,^)), es^a, wj, *** **4. ‘s*to^!>!“ rl °ii
dodjs, 678ddia ^ydO, “ The works of Madhva and Jayatirtha, of }t—« X£
Vyasaraja, Vadiraja, and Vijnyindra, and others mentioned in an
earlier chapter have firmly grounded Radical Realism and Pluralistic
theism on the rock of Ages,”— (daqS^, ttoda^fqiF, d3^d03«, «* «f«Kf “***f^J *w
^ *<4/
dsaosss, sazio&raodj da^ food aa^dd r^otjiri^a 1 d)do
ssraria^ay-
ddFqas ’ dow sudd^, < ?^do.33^e^
nw DtfM
z3<s<dd^ Ij3fs?jdd{ yda diqi^sra^sjsaei? djsddi o^ip 'aw- 03A 2)333^ odzs^cradddi ddp;p3 mfWd rfrady. ridjte es^^-SeSs
al^ddjfeS dd ^dzsa dd yoriasd zpsrv&jod ydw, addi^asred
zpsdasifdd? ■add desod^ djddFd aozaada add 636data ^)l3d, e*d.rae -3t«e6«si 5^0333^3* yd
£odi 3<s?o3.razc3, dlod:> StfoS^zra, co?fi a^qre
" It is time a protest was emphatically recorded against this ZP=>,0.§ ilorfi tdddd), t^oEdi WZ330i)Fd dn^osrfg)
intolerable bureaucracy of Absolutism in Indian Philosophy. jp^oS^d-raso^) d^ffd^Adudjcd. ■arfdA dj^edz&dd zp-sdu.^
(« ddFnJSj daaynsdra Zuoda, yda d^dod^ dad^ riaesdpssF ’ usdicirad. dia^ ds dzsiddn zp^oSakO fitted d«d yqSsss
[Absolutism] aow a3dd tpj3?de§<dad^ tjrad^eodo dd^sud^dsD zpra^afc adoiidd^e^d. adi diqS^zasoddy. «Ja^
dcodyddj; add^_ zaysraA a&3?$dad dJss^Ad), aozo ssb^ ojjsf sza^io yodjd.d rig^&defr:—(c&red dd^ad
dodsd d^dfdriUod d§ajayd53dad. ; d^ddFsdd^ odjsoad zs^d^^aod odrad zs^d
666^033 d)k3dO, • ........ they are obliged to depend on e d%d) « «3,5&j adodi), aodo dnqi^ra odd) zp^o-lz^dd
English translations of works on Indian Philosophy, ”—(Sidda adodudd^ £ato>dd:>d)d;>. addjdirhssOTA d^dad zp3,odoii£)
[aqkjin idoqSn^Fri^] zp3dd?oja dd ^sad^oqW's* aoA^da zp3333o diuoSx adod:>, dwddy; dz& ddpzpSjoaak© da^d? adoda,
ddd^d^ ffldd^o ydjOaiddteaAd), aoaS adAdad zpsdd) ddFdu. add^ 3$ddda zp^o-loi) adodid) d^ydoda dr^ya !
d?sodd£> ddedd? dodazodad da^jda. aodcdar ^ysd^j adododS jraddd-radadjeay. das odd<riadado3 zp^oSadodad) °^5ra i
ri^oqSadd odredas? dadjifodada dod_, ^da^dy, adsd -ds adododO dwaaarwtoaart ed> d^ydodd *4*38, dwog aod*F39ita
dJSsadid a^naday aoaodt & zpzid. dfsOnoaddra? jjda. ada sfo^fcias> oddy, d^dd ifisfeawtfj mi?*s#d edjr
do^^da^di, ^^adododO dra^frady^ "addisz^ade j»,*39d.—da^sto aodd Wyidg cdat^F^
sad, aoa ■add aTra^dcsdoSodood^i a^FS1' ddedd? dra^zdado «Uri -** ^ 4* »W» to**** Wg*
^d^dldo. wdd de&>dd aodrt^d^ d^cadd ^5 azjis^odidd^ dod, dd ofo^qlro aoza ddd »o* ottdasd ««*
ad^reodD^JS^d dodz^Fdpdriidldi. djaderraA aodddi emra *&.*»*»*>> »v* wfl"SSnS
oddtid^d^^l, iddiiajs^aododi,
21dodi ^>ydS, 11 Just contrast knowledge that is true and dodroodyddi esd^s?b
reliable with that which is not, say with an illusion. The object sred aauo di% zpadri'Sd adu3<adc ay-
simply does not exist there. .whereas knowledge of silver and
*>U #»%*««■ "* *T=a»re con*traste.d0
snake exists ' the objects themselves do not........ In the present with the Kevala-pramantt. 1 'ie former on the other hand can
experience knowledge exists and the object does not. That is why The
direct, intuitive apprehend - only indirectly,'
illusions are Apramana, unreliable type of knowledge,"—(d,dJ3 give rise to knowledge ot an .Spri-i^ ^pdyd.^I3t®4
; d/adaaA d°W£>“Fa^d zp^olrlra adud z^fddd^ (tt^daaarttfite ^oW ‘
i r^Sodo. a0 adc&d? ay.......d^odi 553ad 233 jSodo^jdJ,
add odaJari* dra^, ado^ay..... ds afdtiidd© 233 ddodi
ay. ds 53d£®aod zp^o^ri^o adjdraes, dozS^riadFdyd Z33 f^)>
aodo dfsotfda zp^o^^dradd^ 305^33^5. gcjo
nvk. oers.
na^ridS eofdod aqSrd d^OSood ds aa^ri1^^ $oa?Sdd a$) forms to the laws of thought prevailing in the world. Vijayindra
Tirtha observes in his Kantakoddhara.' Bhagavadaisvaryamapi-
asod, ;rad dod^d tpassasflHpicdod^ d,dSFdod)d). “ d,djara lokamaryadanurodheetyangeekarat.’ (P. 75. Manuscript.) Divine
Omnipotence does not create a mare’s nest or a round-square
Ogra”rf dooaaado:-—txljqss^Fo d,dn>£®o I da^a^o I ^edeododo though theoretically able to achieve all.”—(dddoad^d ddFd^cdiO
sr%$g>dod rtjdrajioiSodorWd^ adodsdod d. aKc8o?od,3?qSFdo
s^drersodl odoEpadf^oi0 vtdsool o33,dfid3dod,dj3r®ol........ add 3oU^ja?cradd<D, ‘ ^ridd^tdordoSo drafudoodjaFtaado
draf??s^orifu3D'35r.’ [#i 75. udd ^d v], dodo df'sbs^d.
esdod diaroo ^,aqiol dododraddoaddo esJl cO&retFda dddtra^ei ddFd-^cdoo ssadd^oiood aaddra^ doadao ddoqiF
OTftd doa, 533d dsaft ‘ dra^ uododdo rtoddj^ ’ rioodod^udd^
qS«Fo8,oio ds^srdFs d^jjol d,da^o 4dadol sag, d8o8,o5o j ds^do^aa). ds jpadd$ov drag^d ?s,d3ood do5?edd?uo.
^d$o dado'd^, aodd ad$ atiaioo ad,.add; add ^
$«ded”—(odoqo-aqiFasadodo d,djaca. ado addo a$: ^?d« s-s^sTsd^) aas^rfreaa,???!; sd$o a^doaSdo, ^ododo; ad$o
aa|ddodo dd5,' aotffdooosad sasa^Fd*^, edo mos?* aoa
dod^ a$od,djaradodo. (diqjaqSFjs^d^) ^?deo. add saqj^^j
o5rj CO35 S33, ad^33^ds I ^iS^^doiodoSSDoO ®ci.ip3 a»do$53e3fl
adoddjara. a$3d,d3ara$) dooado d$: d,^, a$odJa$, arido ....■Sod troajd.dodddJfj at?53383adJodd3lj eStsaSspsoo vdoro
d€js t3 I 'asssJs?addjj ddvdrao ddtpaddj^oSjtiFe^etdos I.......
d odo $&ra?Fd;5ad aqjFuoSj aod,odoujaj adod d^udrd? w>a,333ri<Jtos&&e&stai>a*)0rfo dsaSt? I riaacraSdasoSocd dd
tamdriArt* ll-(w^dd) advaddoad^rtO iooso *>&***
d,^g....d,^d) Tra^ dodo^ daoa,odori^odo). cofftdod i(
odwida^nAM,*; do^^godg ew*S 5°d
“ d,dJ3ra Ogra”d d,dofdouj3j ^^ddfsodd aqjFuja^ d^edfi ■
dowoqisbw- ?Ji33,odd0 #fdad,dj3csd) odoqjBqSrzs^d; ssdo ;
TraqSdda. adidjdrarad) ^fda^djacssradd- ^sa.ddP S3,d
rjsdd^ajdsoccodOj tpja^oossa dS^ssa d^> 73add3oaAdodo^. af3o
d,djacad^0 Suoisad d,^gd 2nodo aqjjrad ^3^^020 aaddd)
dradaadod'd^ d,codod)do. d,do?do dot^^na^odd^ dsri
33$? kdejadosp&d aia^^Frto dadodosdd?sadodo!
cofi^do? assaddoaddd d^.1 aoddSodooa ds d?a$$> doq^
^iCT^od^i sdod^s33d spadd^od uoasdo$)do. 45^? aad 'add
de^ aa^dc^dodo^^ ^«?ododddo, dodj^dd$^ d?o3odddo ^io23? aarto^.....doaSo, e^dddi *%***<«« 5
doooead &3deiri9od tfj3Sdo$)do; add a djad?iri$$ dfuad sadoiood dfairf^* diaduo ddd5ad&$3 '•djlJF*i
73a$$7o3dofj,cdoo <aSoooja uodoudo$)aa. 'ado co?naddja adS,
d,oi{idouJ3?dCTjaj?^d doqd^Sjna^odu, dooso^asaft d?uad ^adod a^dOosadodeod ^^ ^....jTdd^
d^$^_ djad) d,7jp,!3& d,^sS25add$^ eroddsodoi^f^.
""SSsi-. •***' ^doaadujaozo$^ »,
* ^§°do? ^^ddd^dd^ wdsoaadod d a&oaoeoaadodOoda?
d,odo^_$) dodowdo^d. add ado a$?ddodzjjFdg), adcdds dja«od &aoUi adaa.fVoodjdo), w6*o Tsado^dosarf,
odoouljCsF H^doss,s3f djjfdassFvqSo aoodo adf^od azsaodord
*« *«* *lfsrtSa-
dcre^odd?^ ajod$djado£,d. enonaioddEi^, 142 $odo 4&ddg add Sskoad a«c&o?od,do *>dd fc dddja
dddre^d ddrd^do^dd^ ats3ddjado33 ad$^? d<dJ3Fd73a$ ***** ? mad dTaadd »d <i & ^ e$orfo?o $*,$■
d0 jooadodod zpad$j dodowdo^do. ^ Jiaswdratdo^^ zgte-z :&***« *
dwo ds fcfndo^do: Divine Omnipotence con-
ne?u cw ;!
dro^fc d.jdodjfrertidd ? add ^dr^dd^ srasSegd^ndcrad;) •ado coododx d^. ^n^oddO dd^a&d^d dd^ d^dod, i
OTd6 dddra^t^^di; wris^dd dddodjd^d^ds. d^dod.
d)d:> -di^d^ro^cicsdyd? cafn ds^dpcra^drad q^edrld dad^sred i;l
Sod^O^.fol©jd^i
SKoSbtod^d sss^dd^ aqradssft dofodwdud ? ^ownd?*? ooertoSjf
aKdd^fo^d 533^adi^)cmdd add aqSr^ ditjS^dad^skrfora r^oic^co^. 2ajO^^»j^V 'otoSdcsd
aranuasdd, a 533^4 daqS^SB^dod^odo^, doeoo§dod)d ?— *"* »8, slddod^ aa aodi &
a>ed doq^dodd ddd^d^adodd^ difS^dSW^ a an^^qip
draadd ado 735,!33ada5fto5i? dod_,dc33 od^, srudsjDd'dasndj
oj Jj Cp O
doa^d d, d.do^dod^od 0 d a^o dd^aoda aowS dd
djojO■ X)rjo os^i£jodoC3533d a 0JJ'3;d OijiF^) awl 0dj3oj w^AjondtD
eodo^djs? adwjd^riicssraAdo^dj. ddod a jss^d) odra^clrae d^do^do. ^dojd) dd ; ad^dod^ add. ddd 4 d dodron
s*odo draddf) dddjsa^i d^dod^sn d-ra&d dd^ s^epsad rfd, e^o^aadS add. ddd? ; adddj ad^d
533fto3oe adde draad ^doddiojraFdrte adoriireroftdo^do, add. coed d^^33ddd^aad d|jld*ia3 odd® uodo ? dd,d
aqSad ad? djdoddooireFdoirariodjdo aow doradjaddododd^ ssdddo^dd^ djaotoa^d; a ^qSdd^a^&aoia
dddrad^d d$ d a^ododoigtssftdo^do. d^ddesoddSojisd&ra? d)do di^SjCo^oaficra^dra.
asd^o^^ ajpsddjsddadodo dr^dja diqj.trad^os
dddjsd^d tif\ ad^odod^ uSjdodjddg] d^djaraasft ds
~dra. dw3 oddod dddod^ atjraddfidajidod}. d« a?psd3t
sAJrod^dajftdodrad ssdes d? as^d^ aqtaa aKodofodjddo
?idso ddjns^sddeadl njss^doft d^dolitJas ddoossc^dsl ajjsdad
aa^n "jodoira?ft?j#^odo33rii^)do. 4dod3s dc^d sdddJsdjSsll aou “a^a^s^d"dol das dd
642 fScdi ^WdS, "‘ Iii his ‘ Tatvasamkhyana ’ Madhva has dredjdod d^aad d330Sodo3's|J ssrid^ dddJ3afc^ atpsddrad
clearly explained that God’s independence is His inalienable attri- asdido. gde aqiFdtDoSoe ad^“ d^;jdo^fi”da dddojdoda
bute. But then, the reaiity possessed by the finite, the para-tantra, ddado^rio. coodoSpf d^ds^dodoi, aspsddoixidf < a^tdi
the dependent is the same as that possessed by God Dependence drsT ’ aou •aon d3 530sp3&^ ddd dooirad s?3S3odd; 1 a^ok
Cannot be equated to appearance, and Independence to Reality. It has
dfsT ’ aodd doqra^ dod> as^sB^fidrado^di atsaddreadS a
been argued by Madhva....that the reality possessed by finite crea-
tion is ‘ Paramarthika of the same degree as reality possessed by spudd ddc^ada.—do% dt d?soddc sronsdjdas^da
d^^jdjsddad^s^d. adra doq^dn^o^ dddo add^a.
the Absolute or Brahman ”—(dd^dosra^dO doE^do ddd-radj^ ?333^od,adjtd dd.^o dodi ai?3oi>rdo “ spaddd 33^<d3F”dO
Ti^aod,^ 53d^ e^ddF^sred adtdesdod^ d^^asri enidssaddi
s^d. add dddodjttria d d^djd) d?dd dd^d,^ ddo^dodo.... eniddfddjaadps^d. as? drood^i ds tjjsddd^ a^iuod djdj^
sosddodj^d^ aspsd^j rod3dJ3ws33ii3o^)^y dsd^ iqs^dodj^d^^ asnd. ddozd ds ^dosfofcadid ssudS ddji
dd^^ ddidjadoBrip^aa. dddodjd d^dj^ dadji) ^d3d^.2rad.?03^dc3—“dddod,dd^^znddxKpnt
353ddra?Fddodp d^qi^eod ssQd^Ad), cboQd. ■adi doqi^
^in^oddu. ad^j ^^aJid^-radod odjad tpsd^p dn^^aao^ £och djqS.Ood S3?da3nd,” ^odp « *»**
B2- *JddJ8^; ^dod^^de ■adi djaqi wa£^ drada. ^aoao «u5toqs3r^.o..„
MM?'* 99<.«d W** ?** ^
®^?r^od3 ^wdcdd;
t^ofcFdo dddo^, «rti«J
siddodjd dd^^^j ^jdodjd ddodotoodi Jjtss^od^cnjrdcs.
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