September 7, 2011
Terry Pe
LINE-X PROTECTIVE COATINGS
1862 Sparkman Dr
Huntsville, AL 35816
877-330-1331
Slip resistance testing was conducted on your eight (8) supplied 6 inches square
samples using the English XL Variable Incidence Tribometer on September 1, 2,
6, and 7, 2011.
Figure 1: XS-100BK Samples, Diamond Plate and Flat
Figure 2: XS-130NAT Samples, Diamond Plate and Flat
Material Testing Report 09/07/11 Page: 2
Figure 3: XS-350 “Tinted Red” Samples, Diamond Plate and Flat
Figure 4: XS-430 Yellow Samples, Diamond Plate and Flat
Material Testing Report 09/07/11 Page: 3
The samples had a textured surface with small, rounded asperities. Each of four
coatings was applied to diamond plate and smooth metal substrate.
Figure 5: Surface Texture of XS-100BK Samples, Diamond Plate and Flat
Figure 6: Surface Texture of XS-130NAT Samples, Diamond Plate and Flat
Figure 7: Surface Texture of XS-350 “Tinted Red” Samples, Diamond Plate and Flat
Material Testing Report 09/07/11 Page: 4
Figure 8: Surface Texture of XS-430 Yellow Samples, Diamond Plate and Flat
The back of the samples were labeled XS-100BK, XS-130NAT, XS-350 “Tinted
Red”, and XS-430 Yellow.
Figure 9: Notation on back of the samples
Material Testing Report 09/07/11 Page: 5
Introduction
Slip resistance is defined in ASTM F1637.95, Practice for Safe Walking Surfaces,
as "The relative force which resists the tendency of the shoe or foot to slide along
the walkway surface. Slip resistance is related to a combination of factors
including the walkway surface, the footwear bottom, and the presence of foreign
material between them."
Based on human ambulation traces from various studies, the required slip
resistance for normal, straight-line, unloaded, human ambulation is in the range
of 0.25 to 0.35. The threshold for safety, commonly accepted at a value of 0.50,
is derived by applying a factor of safety to account for variations in the physiology
and gait dynamics of humans, and footwear. Loaded activities and sloped
walking surfaces increase the required slip resistance and are task-specific.
The English XL Variable Incidence Tribometer mimics certain parameters of
human ambulation to measure slip resistance in a meaningful manner. The
slipmeter uses an actuation cylinder similar to a leg with an ankle joint. The
velocity of contact is similar to that of a walking human. The test foot surface
area is similar to that of a worn heel, and is constructed of Neolite®, which has
similar traction performance to rubber-heeled shoes. The test foot contacts the
surface with the edge and rotates toward flat, squeezing any contaminant film,
and is then free to accelerate, all as in a heel-slip in human ambulation.
Test Procedure
Prior to all testing, the samples were washed with mild dish washing detergent,
thoroughly rinsed, paper-towel-dried, and allowed to air dry completely before
commencing dry testing. Since testing will be in four to eight directions per
sample, North was marked on a corner of each sample, (East, South, and West
are inferred).
Figure 10: ‘North’ marked on each tile
Material Testing Report 09/07/11 Page: 6
The XL VIT and test foot to be used for testing was calibrated according to ASTM
F1679, and the latest manufacturer’s requirements and instructions. All
equipment was paper-towel-dried and allowed to air dry completely.
The test foot used for all testing is the standard Neolite® foot, prepared with 180
grit wet/dry silicon carbide sand paper. Test actuation pressure was maintained
at 25 psi ± 2 psi. The environmental and materials temperature was
approximately 75 ± 2 degrees Fahrenheit, and the relative humidity was 50 ± 2
percent.
Dry testing was conducted in all four (4) directions in the 2 inch diameter center
of each of the eight (8) samples. The test foot pad was re-prepared after each
full dry slip, and all test foot preparation was conducted off the machine. The
rear of the XL VIT was supported with a tile of similar thickness to the test
sample.
Figure 11 - XL VIT during dry testing
Prior to wet testing, the test foot was again calibrated according to ASTM F1679,
and the manufacturer’s requirements and instructions. Wet testing was
conducted in four (4) directions in the 2 inch diameter center of each of the eight
(8) samples. An unbroken film of tap water was maintained on the test surface
between each stroke of the tribometer. The test foot pad was re-prepared after
each set of eight (8) measurements per test location.
Material Testing Report 09/07/11 Page: 7
Results
Tabulated results for dry testing for each sample:
Dry Testing
Diamond Plate Flat Plate
Direction XS100 XS130 XS350 XS430 XS100 XS130 XS350 XS430
N 0.91 >1.0 0.94 0.90 0.95 >1.0 0.97 0.91
E 0.96 >1.0 0.89 0.84 0.93 >1.0 0.93 0.98
S 0.95 >1.0 0.89 0.92 0.96 >1.0 0.96 0.98
W 0.96 >1.0 0.89 0.87 0.96 >1.0 0.97 0.95
N 0.91 >1.0 0.97 0.87 0.92 >1.0 0.93 0.96
E 0.92 >1.0 0.88 0.85 0.95 >1.0 0.92 0.96
S 0.93 >1.0 0.84 0.86 0.96 >1.0 0.92 0.97
W 0.90 >1.0 0.87 0.81 0.98 >1.0 0.95 0.95
N 0.94 >1.0 0.90 0.84 0.98 >1.0 0.93 0.91
E 1.00 >1.0 0.84 0.78 0.98 >1.0 0.91 0.95
S 0.92 >1.0 0.87 0.80 0.95 >1.0 0.92 0.94
W 0.91 >1.0 0.85 0.85 0.96 >1.0 0.91 0.92
N 0.95 >1.0 0.91 0.83 0.95 >1.0 0.89 0.95
E 0.94 >1.0 0.82 0.82 0.95 >1.0 0.89 0.92
S 0.94 >1.0 0.85 0.79 0.94 >1.0 0.95 0.95
W 0.90 >1.0 0.82 0.81 0.96 >1.0 0.94 0.93
Average 0.93 1.00 0.88 0.84 0.96 1.00 0.93 0.95
St. Dev 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02
Tabulated results for wet testing for each sample:
Wet Testing
Diamond Plate Flat Plate
Direction XS100 XS130 XS350 XS430 XS100 XS130 XS350 XS430
N 0.84 >1.0 0.84 0.85 0.82 >1.0 0.79 0.83
E 0.89 >1.0 0.75 0.74 0.82 >1.0 0.79 0.80
S 0.81 >1.0 0.81 0.80 0.79 >1.0 0.81 0.83
W 0.80 >1.0 0.83 0.83 0.83 >1.0 0.78 0.80
N 0.84 >1.0 0.80 0.85 0.81 >1.0 0.78 0.81
E 0.80 >1.0 0.77 0.73 0.81 >1.0 0.76 0.81
S 0.79 >1.0 0.75 0.77 0.78 >1.0 0.76 0.82
W 0.78 >1.0 0.82 0.80 0.81 >1.0 0.83 0.79
N 0.80 >1.0 0.85 0.80 0.80 >1.0 0.77 0.82
E 0.76 >1.0 0.82 0.85 0.76 >1.0 0.75 0.80
S 0.80 >1.0 0.81 0.74 0.77 >1.0 0.75 0.81
W 0.68 >1.0 0.81 0.80 0.81 >1.0 0.79 0.78
N 0.77 >1.0 0.78 0.79 0.80 >1.0 0.73 0.80
E 0.79 >1.0 0.76 0.75 0.81 >1.0 0.74 0.82
S 0.78 >1.0 0.76 0.81 0.79 >1.0 0.78 0.82
W 0.70 >1.0 0.80 0.72 0.82 >1.0 0.75 0.80
Average 0.79 1.00 0.80 0.79 0.80 1.00 0.77 0.81
St. Dev 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.01
Material Testing Report 09/07/11 Page: 8
Discussion
NFPA 1901 15.7.4 requires 16 tests in 90 degree increments for uniformly
patterned materials.
The dry testing produced consistently high results for all of the samples, with the
XS130 sample exceeding a slip resistance of 1.0 in all four directions. Wet
testing produced similarly high results, with the lowest average of 0.77. Again,
the XS130 sample exceeded a slip resistance of 1.0.
The relative wet slip resistance value of the subject samples for safety of persons
should be approximated by the average of the 16 readings.
The differences between dry measurements taken on the diamond plate and flat
samples for each coating fall on the edge of the error of the machine, and would
require more testing to determine if it can be considered significant. The trend
shows that the diamond plate reduced dry slip resistance relative to the flat
sample, which may be contributed to the way the diamond pattern contours
engage the test foot.
The differences between wet measurements taken on the diamond plate and flat
samples for each coating fall within the error of the machine, and should not be
considered significant. This lack of differentiation would suggest that the wet slip
resistance is influenced by the coating surface texture rather than the diamond
plate pattern.
Conclusions
NFPA 1901 states that the 16 readings for each ‘uniformly patterned’ sample
should be averaged and reported as the slip resistance of the material. To meet
the NFA 1901 requirements, materials for exterior surfaces and all interior steps
must have a minimum slip resistance of 0.68 when tested with the English XL.
For interior floors, that minimum value is 0.58 when tested with the English XL.
The slip resistance of the supplied samples was characterized as 0.84 dry and
as 0.77 wet. When compared to the generally accepted 0.50 threshold value of
slip resistance accepted as safe for normal, straight-line unloaded, human
ambulation on level surfaces, the subject samples would be considered safe
when clean and dry and when wet with water, and are considerably more slip
resistant than wet hard smooth surfaces like polished marble or ice, which are
characterized by slip resistance values of 0.10 to 0.25.
The surface of the subject samples was textured with rounded asperities. The
surface texture clearly enhances the slip resistance of the sample when wet with
water or other contaminants. The extent of slip resistance enhancement is
related to the surface asperities, which must be of sufficient height and
sharpness to penetrate the hydrodynamic squeeze film or other contaminant to
Material Testing Report 09/07/11 Page: 9
engage the test foot. For example, fresh broom-finished concrete surfaces with
noticeable texture and sharp peaks frequently produce slip resistance values in
excess of 0.75 when wet with water.
Respectfully submitted,
Peter Widas, BSMSE, CXLT
COO EXCEL TRIBOMETERS, LLC
EXCEL TRIBOMETERS, LLC
160 Tymberbrook Drive
Lyman, SC 29365
757 897-2853
888 804-3727 fax
[email protected]
www.EXCELTRIBOMETERS.com website
© EXCEL TRIBOMETERS, LLC. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. You may print this report for your use,
but no part of these documents may be otherwise reproduced in part or in full in other publications without
the express, written approval of EXCEL TRIBOMETERS, LLC.
BASF Corporation
Environmental Data Sheet
Thursday, October 27, 2011
______________________________________________________________________________
Customer: Line-X Corporation
Contact: William Robert Phone: (734) 324-5244
_____________________________________________________________________________
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: Line-X XS 100
PRODUCT ID PARTS PER BLEND
XS-100 Resin 50
XS-100 Isocyanate 50
PRODUCT PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
WEIGHT PER GALLON: XS-100 Resin 9.80 lbs/gal
XS-100 Isocyanate 8.39 lbs/gal
Weight Volume
NON-VOLATILE: 100 % 100 %
VOLATILE: 0 % 0 %
PERCENT OF WATER: 0.00 % 0.00 %
PERCENT OF EXEMPTS: 0.00 % 0.00 %
VOC INFORMATION:
Per EPA Method 24 this product is 100% Solids when used
REGULATORY INFORMATION BASED ON 100 GALLONS
DEFAULT:
CAS # Composition LBS HAPS SARA
9016-87-9 Polymeric MDI 980.0 Yes Yes
POUND OF ORGANIC HAPS PER GALLON OF PRODUCT: 0.000
PERCENT OF ORGANIC HAPS (VHAP): 0.00 %
DISCLAIMER
This Environmental Data Sheet is not intended to replace the product's Material Safety Data Sheet.
The data contained in this Environmental Data Sheet is based on information provided to BASF
Corporation by its suppliers and BASF's knowledge of BASF product formulations. BASF makes no
representation or warranty regarding the accuracy of supplier furnished information or that this
information or data will not change.
The information in this Environmental Data Sheet is not intended to and does not create legal rights or
obligations. This information is provided for the sole use of BASF customers and is not for disclosure
to competitors of BASF. BASF customers have an independent obligation to determine proper use of
the information and that their use of the information is consistent with federal, state and local laws,
rules and regulations.
Trace constituents present at levels less than 0.01 LBS are not included in the Regulatory Information
section of this Environmental Data Sheet. Volatile HAPS present at levels less than 0.1% by weight
for carcinogens and 1.0% for non-carcinogens will not be shown or will be indicated by a "No" in the
Regulatory Section (under HAPS) of this Environmental Data Sheet.
Trace volatiles present at levels less than 0.1% by weight are not included in the Volatile Section of
this Environmental Data Sheet.
Chemical compounds generated as a result of the curing process of this coating are not included on
this Environmental Data Sheet.
The USEPA listing of VOC exempt compounds [40CFR51.000(s)] is used in calculating VOC values.
Product Listing
For:
Drinking Water System Components – Health Effects
Company:
Line-X LLC
1862 Sparkman Drive
Huntsville, AL 35816, United States
Plant Location:
Geismar, LA, United States
Standards:
NSF/ANSI 61 Section 5
Certificate:
Issued: 08/17/2016
Expires: 12/31/2021
Material/Product:
Polyurea Elastomer Coating
Contact Temperature:
23 ± 2 C
Models:
XS-350
Page 1/2
Material Characteristics:
Minimum tank size (gallons): 5
Maximum dry film thickness per coat (mils): 30
Number of coats: 3 - 4
Is additional coating required (e.g. top coat, primer, intermediate coat)? (Y/N): No
Total cure time and temperature: 48 hrs @ 23°C
Shortest cure time between coats or layers: 5-15 seconds @ 23°C
Mix ratio: 1:1 by Volume
Is this paint/coating system intended to be applied to a pipe? (Y/N): No
Additional comments:
Flushing or preparation instruction prior to use:
Flush with adequate amount of water. Please refer to manufacturer’s instruction.
Page 2/2
BASF Corporation
Environmental Data Sheet
Thursday, October 27, 2011
______________________________________________________________________________
Customer: Line-X Corporation
Contact: William Robert Phone: (734) 324-5244
_____________________________________________________________________________
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: Line-X XS 350
PRODUCT ID PARTS PER BLEND
XS-350 Resin 50
XS-350 Isocyanate 50
PRODUCT PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
WEIGHT PER GALLON: XS-350 Resin 9.80 lbs/gal
XS-350 Isocyanate 8.39 lbs/gal
Weight Volume
NON-VOLATILE: 100 % 100 %
VOLATILE: 0 % 0 %
PERCENT OF WATER: 0.00 % 0.00 %
PERCENT OF EXEMPTS: 0.00 % 0.00 %
VOC INFORMATION:
Per EPA Method 24 this product is 100% Solids when used
REGULATORY INFORMATION BASED ON 100 GALLONS
DEFAULT:
CAS # Composition LBS HAPS SARA
9016-87-9 Polymeric MDI 980.0 Yes Yes
POUND OF ORGANIC HAPS PER GALLON OF PRODUCT: 0.000
PERCENT OF ORGANIC HAPS (VHAP): 0.00 %
DISCLAIMER
This Environmental Data Sheet is not intended to replace the product's Material Safety Data Sheet.
The data contained in this Environmental Data Sheet is based on information provided to BASF
Corporation by its suppliers and BASF's knowledge of BASF product formulations. BASF makes no
representation or warranty regarding the accuracy of supplier furnished information or that this
information or data will not change.
The information in this Environmental Data Sheet is not intended to and does not create legal rights or
obligations. This information is provided for the sole use of BASF customers and is not for disclosure
to competitors of BASF. BASF customers have an independent obligation to determine proper use of
the information and that their use of the information is consistent with federal, state and local laws,
rules and regulations.
Trace constituents present at levels less than 0.01 LBS are not included in the Regulatory Information
section of this Environmental Data Sheet. Volatile HAPS present at levels less than 0.1% by weight
for carcinogens and 1.0% for non-carcinogens will not be shown or will be indicated by a "No" in the
Regulatory Section (under HAPS) of this Environmental Data Sheet.
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