Compilation of Abstracts:
Final Year Research Project
2014/2015
BSc. (Biological Sciences)
Published By:
School of Fundamental Science
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
21030 Kuala Terengganu
Terengganu, MALAYSIA
(http://ppsa.umt.edu.my)
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015 Page
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TABLE OF CONTENT
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List of Expertise……………….………………………………………………………….............. 12
List of Abstracts: 13
1. Antagonistic activities of bacteria isolated from female horseshoe 14
15
crab, Tachypleus tridentatus 16
‘Ainin Sofia binti Khairul Azman [UK27595]…………………………........ 17
18
2. Characterization of bacteria from facial skin lesion and cerumen 19
Nurul Fatihah binti Mohamed Yusoff [UK27649]………………………... 20
3. Physiological changes in leaves of Oryza sativa after exposure to 21
long term salinity stress and recovery
Afiqah binti Yunus [UK28838].......................................................................... 1
4. Antibacterial property of aaptamine against medically important
bacteria
Siti Khadijah binti Ismail [UK28839]………………………………………......
5. Varying sugar concentration and its effect on cell growth and
ethanol production in batch fermentation system
Nur Liyana binti Rosly [UK28840]..................................................................
6. Isolation and morphological identification of amoeba from the gills
of Silurifomis sp.
Lily Chin [UK28841]................................................................................................
7. Isolation of housekeeping gene, ubiquitin 1 from marine microalga,
Chlorella vulgaris
Nurfatihah Idayu bt Hasbullah [UK28842]................................................
8. Isolation of housekeeping gene, α-tubulin from marine microalga,
Chlorella vulgaris
Muhamad Nor Faris bin Zulfitri [UK28843]..............................................
9. Isolation of 18S rDNA gene from microalgae for species
identification
Nur Syamimi Aida bt Mohd Radzi [UK28844]..........................................
10. Isolation of housekeeping gene, polyubiquitin from marine
microalga, Chlorella vulgaris
Nooratika binti Sofran [UK28845].................................................................
11. Isolation and identification of amoeba resistant bacteria in free
living amoeba taken from the inner side of sink taps around
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Nurshiara binti Mohd Razi [UK28846]........................................................
12. Developmental changes in enzymatic antioxidant defences
against leaf ageing in Capsicum annuum
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015 22
23
Suhaseni D/O Chelathurai [UK28847]......................................................... 24
13. Isolation of 18S rDNA gene from selected microalgae for species 25
identification 26
Nabihah binti Ibrahim [UK28848].................................................................. 27
28
14. Antioxidative constituents of watercress, Nasturtium officinale 29
Tan Celina [UK28849]............................................................................................ 30
31
15. Isolation and cloning of expression plasmid containing a hybrid 32
murine polyomavirus vp1 gene and fimbrial gene of Pasteurella 33
multocida B:2 34
Amirah binti Mat Arifin [UK28850]……………………………………………. 35
16. In vitro evaluation of caffeine-molecularly imprinted polymers
(CAF-MIPs) on normal Chang liver cells
Naizatul Akmal binti Nawi [UK28851] ……………………………………….
17. Isolation of housekeeping gene, beta tubulin from marine microalga,
Chlorella vulgaris
Nurazyan Munawwarah bt. Abdullah Sani [UK28852]........................
18. Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) against
subterranean termites, Globitermes sulphureus (Insecta: Isoptera)
Zaidatul Akma bt. Sulaiman [UK28854]…………………………………........
19. Protein profile of Scenedesmus regularis treated with elevated
carbon dioxide
Nurul Syafirah binti Mohd Shari [UK28855]……………………………......
20. Effect of temperature and nutrient avalability on the growth of
macrofungi of Sekayu, Terengganu
Nurul Farhana binti Mohd Amin [UK28856]……………………………….
21. Protein profile of Chlorella vulgaris treated with elevated carbon
dioxide
Siti Muslihah binti Abd Radzak [UK28857]…………………………………
22. Relationship of leaf aging, hydrogen proxide content and ion leakage
in Capsicum annuum
Norrabiatul Adauya binti Abdul Salleh [UK28858]…………………….
23. Protein extraction methods for Scenedesmus regularis
Firdiana binti Maarif [UK28860]…………………………………………………
24. The effect of a fungus, Colletotrichum capsici on the non-enzymatic
antioxidants in Capsicum annuum
Nur Akmal binti Ali [UK28861]……………………………………………………
25. Protein profile of oil pam seedlings after infestation by red palm
weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)
Fahmeeda binti Mohamad Jazamuddin [UK28862]……………………
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Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015 36
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26. The effect of agitation speed on cell growth and ethanol production 38
by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch fermentation 39
Nur Maisarah binti Ahmad Pauzi [UK28863]……………………………... 40
41
27. Antibacterial activity of 1,4-dimethylaaptamine against medically
important bacteria 42
Siti Nurhana Ayuni binti Saaidin [UK28864]……………………………… 43
44
28. Liver fluke infection in condemned livers in large ruminants 45
abattoir, Kuala Terengganu 46
Nurlaili bt Mhd Rosli [UK28865]……………………………………………….... 47
48
29. Total phenolic content of oil palm seedling after infestation by red
palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) 3
Nurul Sakinah binti Saapilin [UK28866]……………………………………...
30. Isolation of housekeeping gene, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase from marine microalga, Chlorella vulgaris
Mohd Asril bin Sharil [UK28867]………………………………………………...
31. Antibacterial activity of 1,4-dibenzylaaptamine against medically
important bacteria
Nor Shahirah binti Muharim Alam Shah [UK28868]…………………..
32. Isolation and cloning of expression plasmid containing a hybrid
murine polyomavirus VP1 gene and outer membrane protein a
(OmpA) gene of Pasteurella multocida B:2
Adila Nursyima bt Saidin [UK28869]…………………………………………..
33. The physiological changes of Scenedesmus regularis under
phosphate stress conditions
Nur Shuhada binti Che Hussin [UK28870]…………………………………..
34. Physiological changes study in Scenedesmus regularis under
different nitrate concentrations
Nur Faiqah binti Ismail [UK28871]……………………………………………..
35. The effect of a fungus, Colletotrichum capsici, on the enzymatic
antioxidants of Capsicum annuum
Syazana binti Mohd Fazi [UK2872]……………………………………………...
36. Toxicity assessment of naphthalimide derivative on the Chang liver
cells
Norshaqira binti Mohamad [UK28873]……………………………………….
37. Cytotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP) on human
fibroblast cell line
Nur Afikah binti Othman [UK28874]…………………………………………..
38. Cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP) on human
fibroblast cell line
Siti Nuriah binti Mohd Noor [UK28876]......................................................
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39. The recurrence of fungi during post monsoon in Sekayu 51
Recreational Forest 52
Shaifullah bin Tobrani [UK28877]……………………………………………… 53
54
40. Antioxidative constituents of bitter leaf, Vermonia amygdalina 55
Ainaa Syafiqah binti Mohd Alias [UK28878]………………………………. 56
41. Trematodes and gastrointestinal nematodes infection in three cattle 57
farms located in Kuala Terengganu 58
Nurul Sakiinah binti Mohd Azhari [UK28879]……………………………. 59
60
42. Wound healing effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract 61
Amiladziffar binti Ramli [UK28880]…………………………………………… 62
43. Fleas and lice infection on cats around hostels and cafeterias at 4
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Nur Sulaiha binti Dali [UK28881]………………………………………………..
44. Assessment of anticancer properties from Raphanus sativus (white
radish) against MCF-7 cell lines
Nur Amaliena binti Zamri [UK28882]…………………………………………
45. Effect of mercuric ion on the surface morphology and DNA of
Chlorella vulgaris (UMT-M1)
Devanthiran S/O Letchumanan [UK28883]………………………………...
46. Wound healing effect of Chromolaena odorata leaves extract
Syazwani binti Awang [UK28884]…………………………………………….....
47. Varying yeast extract concentration and its effect on Saccharomyces
cerevisiae dry cell weight and ethanol production in batch
fermentation system
Nurul Aisyah binti Ahmad Shukeri [UK28885]…………………………...
48. Characterization of emergence and recurrence of persistent bacteria
isolated from human cerumen
Wan Nur Addina binti Zakaria [UK28886]………………………………….
49. Isolation and morphological identification of amoebae from gills of
Pangasius hypophthalmus: a preliminary study
Nurhamizah binti Abdullah [UK28887].......................................................
50. Genotoxicity study of nickel chloride in Chlorella vulgaris
Nur Hasana binti Ahmad Zaki [UK28889]..................................................
51. Investigation on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of europium
(Eu) complexes on Acanthamoeba sp. (HKL isolate)
Afiq bin Adnan [UK28890]...................................................................................
52. Assessment of anticancer properties of Moringa oleifera water
extract against MCF-7 cells
Muhamad Hatib bin A Rahaman [UK28891].............................................
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53. Endoparasite infection in cats around Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 65
Nurul Syuhada binti Izanda [UK28893]............................................................. 66
67
54. Wound healing effect of Piper sarmentosum extract on fibroblast cell 68
line 69
Nida Husna binti Azhar [UK28894]................................................................ 70
55. Isolation and morphological identification of amoebae from 71
horseshoe crab’s book gills 72
Nurshuhadah binti Mustakim [UK28895].................................................. 73
74
56. The effect of ph on growth and phenolic content of Labisia pumila 75
cultures
Siti Nor Aishah binti Ahmad Azemi [UK28896].......................................
57. Growth and toxicity of Colletotrichum capsici (fungus) cultured on
defined and undefined media
Siti Mardhiah binti Ishak [UK28897].............................................................
58. Establishing protein extraction methods and first dimension gel
electrophoresis on the rice plant (Oryza sativa L. indica)
Yoges D/O Karupaih [UK28949]......................................................................
59. Endoparasite infection in three cattle farms located in Kuala
Terengganu
Muhammad Ariff bin Zol [UK29599].............................................................
60. Isolation of housekeeping gene actin from marine microalga,
Chlorella vulgaris
Jessreen Tega [UK29623].....................................................................................
61. Response of serum immunoglobulin towards subcutaneous
injection of Lactobacillus plantarum polysaccharides as adjuvant for
Mannheimia haemolytica A2 vaccines
Chiam Yin Yin [UK29625].....................................................................................
62. Cytotoxicity and genotoxcity of lanthanide complexes on
Acanthamoeba sp.
Siti Khadijah binti Syed Mohammed Nazri [UK29647].......................
63. Isolation and identification of amoebae from Oreochromis sp. based
on morphological approach: a preliminary study
Ainur Munirah bt Ahmad Munadi [UK29695]..........................................
64. Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi against the blow fly,
Chrysomia rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Nur Syahirah binti Mohd Yusof [UK29734]...............................................
65. Physiological changes on roots of Oryza sativa L. after exposure to
long term of salinity stress
Nur Syahirah binti Ab Aziz [UK29761].........................................................
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Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015 76
66. Evaluation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of extract of 77
Catharantus roseus root on Acanthamoeba sp. 78
Wan Siti Aisyah binti Wan Muhamad [UK29762]................................... 79
80
67. Isolation and identification of amoebae-resistant bacteria in free 81
living amoeba from the inner side of sink taps at Hospital Sultanah 82
Nur Zahirah 83
Afiqah Afza Sahira binti Kamarzaman [UK29774]................................
84
68. Measurement of bacterial growth isolated from human cerumen 85
based on DNA concentration 86
Siti Noor Aishah binti A Rohman [UK29775]............................................ 87
88
69. Mathematical modelling of bacterial growth and spread
Nur Nadiah binti Rosban [UK29776].............................................................
70. Assessment of anticancer activity of red cabbage water extract on
MCF-7 cell lines
Nurul Ain Sabrina binti Mohamad Adnan [UK29777].........................
71. Characterisation of resistance bacteria from human cerumen
Nurul Hanan binti Mustafa [UK29778].........................................................
72. Assessment of anticancer properties of green cabbage water extract
on MCF-7 cell lines
Anis Farhana binti Mohd Noriden @ Nuri [UK29784].........................
73. Isolation of fungi from mangrove Avicennia alba and its resistance
towards heavy metals
Nur Aliah binti Ahmad Nazri [UK29793].....................................................
74. Isolation and cloning of expression plasmid containing a hybrid of
murine polyomavirus VP1 gene and outer membrane protein H
(OMP H) gene of Pasteurella multocida
Nur Athirah binti Mohamad Zaini [UK29845]..........................................
75. Developmental changes in non-enzymatic antioxidant defences
against leaf aging in Capsicum annuum
Zaimah binti Deraman [UK29936]..................................................................
76. Effect of varying pH on cell mass and ethanol concentration in batch
fermentation system
Nurfadzilah Syam binti Syamsir [UK29977]..............................................
77. Effects of bacteriological peptone concentration on cell mass and
ethanol production in batch fermentation system
Eizatul Nurul Fadhilah binti Chik [UK29998]...........................................
78. Antagonistic activities between marine bacteria isolated from male
of horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus
Nurul Nabila binti Ismail [UK30002].............................................................
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79. Response of bronchus-associated lympoid tissue following 91
subcutaneous injection of Lactobacillus plantarum polysaccharides 92
as adjuvanted Mannheimia haemolytica A2 vaccines
Katyakyini D/O Muniandy [UK30003]..........................................................
80. Identification and DNA measurement of bacterial growth isolated
from healthy human cerumen
Nor Akmaliza binti Husin [UK30007]............................................................
81. The effect of a fungi, Colletotrichum capsici, on the growth and
chlorophyll content of Capsicum annuum
Nurul Izzatiey binti Fauzi [UK30111]............................................................
82. Isolation of housekeeping gene, cyclophilin from marine microalga
Chlorella vulgaris
Rusna Shakira bt Rusli [UK30125].................................................................
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Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
LIST OF EXPERTISE
BSc. (BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES) PROGRAMME
SCHOOL OF FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE
PROF. DR. NAKISAH MAT AMIN
Field of Expertise: Protozoology
09-668 3245
[email protected]
ASSOC. PROF. DR. MARIAM TAIB
Field of Expertise: Enzymology
09-668 3177
[email protected]
DR. HAZLINA AHAMAD ZAKERI
Field of Expertise: Proteomics
09-668 3357
[email protected]
DR. NORHAYATI YUSUF
Field of Expertise: Plant Physiology
09-668 3280
[email protected]
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Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
DR. SITI NOR KHADIJAH ADDIS
Field of Expertise: Virology
09-668 3402
[email protected]
DR. FATIMAH HASHIM
Field of Expertise: Protozoology
09-668 3832
[email protected]
DR. MA NYUK LING
Field of Expertise: Metabolomics
09-668 3845
[email protected]
DR. MUHAMAD FAIRUS NOOR HASSIM
Field of Expertise: Computational Biology
09-668 3701
[email protected]
DR. MALINNA JUSOH
Field of Expertise: Gene Expression
09-668 3685
[email protected]
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Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
DR. AZILA ADNAN
Field of Expertise: Fermentation Technology
09-668 3370
[email protected]
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Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITIES OF BACTERIA ISOLATED
FROM FEMALE HORSESHOE CRAB, Tachypleus tridentatus
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : ‘Ainin Sofia binti Khairul Azman [UK27595]
: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Noraznawati Ismail
ABSTRACT
Interactions of antagonism activities are importance in structuring the bacteria
communities by producing a special chemical defense known as bioactive compound. An
experiment was conducted to isolate marine bacteria associated with female horseshoe
crab, T. tridentatus in order to determine the antagonistic activities against four test
strains which are Staphlycoccus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsilla pneumoniae and
Escherichia coli. Sample of horseshoe crab were collected from Jambungan Island, Sabah,
Malaysia. The totals of 50 bacteria were obtained, 58% were Gram-negative and 42%
were Gram-positive isolates. Both were characterized according to their
macromorphology, micromorpholgy and biochemical tests. A manual of Bergey’s
Determinative Bacteriology was used as a guide to identify the bacteria up to genus level.
Nine genera were identified which are Planacoccus sp., Salinicoccus sp., Staphlycoccus sp.,
Marinnococcus sp., Cyclobacterium sp., Flectobacillus sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp.,
Salmonella sp. and Marinobacter sp. The Agar Block Assay and Cross-Streak Method were
carried out to determine the antagonistic activities of bacteria isolated from female
horseshoe crab. Both methods were analyzed based on the formation of inhibition zone.
Results show that the cross-streak method is more reliable to be conducted in order to
determine the antagonistic activities of bacteria. 10% of 50 marine bacteria isolated were
showed to have antagonism activities against four tested strains. Therefore, these findings
indicated that isolated of marine bacteria associated with horseshoe crabs might have the
potential of producing antimicrobial compounds for medical and pharmaceutical
industries uses.
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Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIA FROM FACIAL SKIN
LESION AND CERUMEN
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Nurul Fatihah binti Mohamed Yusoff [UK27649]
CO-SUPERVISOR
: Dr. Muhamad Fairus Noor Hassim
: Dr. Azila Adnan
ABSTRACT
Bacterium residing in human cerumen which are natural antibiotic is believed to have
developed the resistancy and able to multiply. The dominant bacteria genera on healthy
human skin were Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus
epidermidis. The bacteria from human cerumen and skin lesion were isolated through
bacteria culture and inoculants, identification of isolated bacteria by Gram staining and
rapid technique (BBL crystal identification). The study was first directed to identify
bacteria species from skin lesion and cerumen, the species were Staphylococcus
haemolyticus, Staphylococcus schleiferi and Micrococcus luteus. The identified bacteria
were then measured their resistancy to different concentration of antibiotics
metronidazole, erythromycin and vancomycin. S.haemolyticus and M.luteus were not
significant (p > 0.05) under susceptible and resistant. Only S.schleiferi was found to be
significant (p >0.05) under susceptible and intermediate. Thus this study was continued
further up to 7 days and the results were only S.haemolyticus significant (p >0.05) with all
concentration. But S.schleiferi was found significant (p >0.05) at susceptible and
intermediate concentration. For the M.luteus found not significant (p > 0.05) at
intermediate and resistant concentration. That was the first step before continued to other
antibiotics treatment which is erythromycin and vancomycin.
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Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES ON LEAVES OF Oryza sativa
AFTER EXPOSURE TO LONG TERM SALINITY STRESS AND
AUTHOR RECOVERY
SUPERVISOR
: Afiqah binti Yunus [UK28838]
: Dr. Ma Nyuk Ling
ABSTRACT
Oryza sativa is an important crop in the world as it acts as staple food. Global warming has
affected rice production and this issue became a big problem as the world population
increased. However, limited information was reported on how different mechanisms of
tolerant and susceptible O. sativa respond toward salinity stress. Thus, this study was
done using salinity tolerance and susceptible line that were selected from 100 lines of O.
sativa via laboratory and field test to investigate the physiological responses of under high
dose (150 mM) and low dose (50mM) of salinity stress. Enzymatic antioxidant activities
such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)
together with chlorophyll content and relative water content were examined throughout
the whole stress treatment. Whereas, the yield of plant analyzed by criteria such as
thousand grain weight (TGW), heights, number of seeds per panicle and relative water
content were examined following in field after recovery on stress released. SOD activity
increased in both salinity treatment in tolerance line and recovered back to normal level
when stress was released. In salt sensitive variety, increment of CAT and APOX activities
were observed in both salinity treatment and preceded in recovery period. Chlorophyll
content and relative water content decreased in lines throughout salinity treatment,
however, salt sensitive line were found recovered after released from salinity treatment.
Interestingly, both lines that treated with high dose of salinity produced significantly
higher TGW compared to other treatments. In conclusion, different enzymes act
differently in tolerant and sensitive varieties whereas chlorophyll content and relative
water content may act as stress level indicators.
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Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY OF AAPTAMINE AGAINST
MEDICALLY IMPORTANT BACTERIA
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Siti Khadijah binti Ismail [UK28839]
: Dr. Siti Nor Khadijah Addis
ABSTRACT
Significant increases in antibiotic resistance give a serious impact in public health. Many
researches are now directed to discover new drugs or antibiotics, especially from natural
resources due to this issue. Marine sponges may have the potential as antibacterial agent
as they inhabits in highly adverse environment. Thus, the objective of this study is to
determine the antibacterial property of aaptamine against medically important Gram-
positive and Gram-negative bacteria by using microtitre dilution method. The test bacteria
were identified by Gram staining and biochemical test such as citrate, oxidase and catalase
test. Microtitre dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibition
concentration (MIC) of bacteria after treated with aaptamine. The antibacterial assay was
performed with ampicillin as the positive control and the concentration of compound used
was from 1000 μg/ml to 0.0005 μg/ml. Aaptamine showed good inhibition against
Staphylococcus sp. (< 0.0005μg/ml), Micrococcus sp. (< 0.0005 μg/ml), and Escherichia sp.
(< 0.0005 μg/ml), whereas weak inhibition against Bacillus sp. (500 μg/ml) and Klebsiella
sp. (62.5-4 μg/ml) was observed. However, there is no inhibition of aaptamine against
Pseudomonas sp. The results indicate that the aaptamine has the potential as an
antibacterial agent which is more potent against Gram positive bacteria but less against
Gram negative bacteria. Therefore, it is suggested that aaptamine has a potential as an
alternative antibacterial compound that can be commercialized as a new antibiotic.
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Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : VARYING SUGAR CONCENTRATION AND ITS EFFECT ON
CELL GROWTH AND ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN BATCH
AUTHOR FERMENTATION SYSTEM
SUPERVISOR
: Nur Liyana binti Rosly [UK28840]
: Dr. Azila Adnan
ABSTRACT
The unstable of environment basically cause from over usage of combustion petroleum.
The petroleum is mainly direct product for most commonly transportation fuel which
leads to unhealthy growth among community. Ethanol most known as renewable and
environmental friendly is the best optional for massive growth of production as well bring
sustainability of human society. Thus, many studies had been done to focus on production
improvement and reducing its costs. In some bio ethanol industries, applying
fermentation media that has very high sugar concentration can increase the formation of
ethanol, but if the concentration is too high it will lead to growth inhibition or yeast lyses
and responsible for sluggish or stuck fermentation. The objectives of this study are to
determine the optimum sugar concentration for ethanol production and to enhance
biomass and ethanol production. Growth medium with different glucose concentrations
was fermented to produce ethanol in a shake flask culture fermentation system using pure
culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glucose concentration of the growth medium varied
between 20, 40, 60, 70 g/l with a pH 5 and 50 g/l glucose media was used as a control
experiment to investigate the effect of glucose concentration on ethanol production.
Fermentation was conducted at 30⁰C, 150 rpm for 24 hours in Erlenmeyer flask. Ethanol
production, biomass formation and residual sugar analysis were investigated as functions
of the varying sugar concentrations. The results obtained indicated that the higher sugar
concentration will increase the production of ethanol. The optimal sugar concentrations
that maximize ethanol production are 60g/L glucose.
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Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ISOLATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF
AMOEBA FROM THE GILLS OF Siluriformis sp.
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Lily Chin [UK28841]
: Dr. Fatimah Hashim
ABSTRACT
Amoeba is a group of protozoa inhabiting freshwater and marine fish. Amoeba can cause
infection and diseases or bring pathogenic impacts to the fish. However, some species of
amoeba are non-pathogenic. The objective of this study is to identify amoeba from the gills
of Catfish based on morphological identification by Light and Scanning Electron
Microscopy. A total of five fish were obtained from hatchery of UMT, dissected to obtain
the gills of the fish. Method used was swabbing the surface of the gills to get the amoeba.
All isolations showed positive results for the presence of amoeba. The cysts and
trophozoites morphology were observed from the pure culture by using LM and SEM. The
amoeba observed were compared and identified by referring to the Book of Protozoa.
Some genus were identified from the gills of catfish such as Naegleria, Acanthamoeba,
Mayorella, Dientamoeba and Hartmanella. All the isolated fish shows the positive culture
and many future works need to be done to confirm the ID.
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Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ISOLATION OF HOUSEKEEPING GENE, UBIQUITIN 1 FROM
MARINE MICROALGA, Chlorella vulgaris
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Nurfatihah Idayu bt Hasbullah [UK28842]
CO-SUPERVISOR
: Dr. Malinna Jusoh
: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cha Thye San
ABSTRACT
Chlorella vulgaris is a green eukaryotic microalga that has high economic value. It can be
used as biofuels, food supplement and colorants, animal feedstock and wastewater
treatment. Due to the its enormous benefits, C. vulgaris has become a popular subject of
research among scientist. A further study cannot be done without gene expression
analysis. So, housekeeping gene is needed as prerequisite to this step for normalizing the
expression value. Housekeeping gene is used in normalization because of its ability to
displays highly uniform expression in living organisms during various phases of
development and under different environmental conditions. In this study, ubiquitin 1 was
isolated from marine microalga, , C. vulgaris by using specific primers designed from
multiple sequence alignments of five plant species. A clear expected band which is 498 bp
was obtained from colony PCR.
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Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ISOLATION OF HOUSEKEEPING GENE, α-TUBULIN FROM
MARINE MICROALGA, Chlorella vulgaris
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Muhamad Nor Faris bin Zulfitri [UK28843]
CO-SUPERVISOR
: Dr. Malinna Jusoh
: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cha Thye San
ABSTRACT
Housekeeping genes are constantly expressed to maintain cellular function and produce
proteins that are necessary for cell function. Hence, housekeeping genes can be used as a
reference gene for experimental analysis of gene expression. However, an ideal
housekeeping genes is difficult to identify and not stable in expression between tissue
types or in particular cell conditions. The α-tubulin gene was isolated from C. vulgaris as
the microalga has recently involved in many research for renewable and sustainable
energy sources. The aims of this project are to isolate and clone α-tubulin gene from
microalga sample and to characterize the isolated housekeeping gene. The RNA was
extracted from C. vulgaris and synthesized into cDNA. The cDNA was used in Polymerase
Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify the genes by using a pair of gene specific primer. The α-
tubulin gene was cloned and sequenced. In conclusion, the α-tubulin gene with 407bp has
been isolated from C. vulgaris which can be used as a reference gene for gene expression
analysis.
18
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ISOLATION OF 18S rDNA GENE FROM MICROALGAE FOR
SPECIES IDENTIFICATION
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Nur Syamimi Aida bt Mohd Radzi [UK28844]
CO-SUPERVISOR
: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cha Thye San
: Dr. Malinna Jusoh
ABSTRACT
Molecular identification of microalgae species is vital and involves sequencing of specific
markers present in the genome, which are unique to a genus. The species identification
can be conducted by analyzing the divergences and genetic distances among taxa based
on the composition of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) nucleotide sequences. Previously, the
classifications of species are based on morphological characteristics. However, it requires
great effort to analyze the microalgae by conventional microscopic method and some
species are poorly identified. Thus, this study was done to isolate, analyze and sequence
the 18s rDNA gene of the microalgae species. The Wizard Genomic DNA Extraction Kit was
used for the genomic DNA extraction and the 18s rDNA gene is amplified by using PCR
technique. The PCR fragments were cloned into pGEM-T Easy Vector and the recombinant
clones were screened using Colony-PCR. The plasmid was then extracted by using the
Wizard Plus SV Miniprep DNA Purification System Kit, sent to sequencing and analyzed
using the BLASTN method in NCBI for homology search. The UMT.MA1 and KS.MC1
microalgae samples showed high percentage homology to Desmodesmus armatus while
UMT.MB3 sample is highly similar to Chlorella sp. where the similarity are between 99 %-
100 %. The identification of the microalgae species is important for screening, biodiversity
analysis, gene manipulation studies and many more. Other than that, the results from this
study could be used as a reference for future research.
19
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ISOLATION OF HOUSEKEEPING GENE, POLYUBIQUITIN
FROM MARINE MICROALGA, Chlorella vulgaris
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Nooratika binti Sofran [UK28845]
CO-SUPERVISOR
: Dr. Malinna Jusoh
: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cha Thye San
ABSTRACT
Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic microorganism and have keen advantages in
adaptability, productivity and tremendous potential in biotechnology field. Recently,
C.vulgaris becomes an outbreak in microalgae research. Previous studies showed research
on polyubiquitin was focusing on higher plant and animal but lack on marine microalga,
C.vulgaris. In this study, polyubiquitin. In this study, polyubiquitin was isolated from
marine microalga, C.vulgaris by using specific primer designed from multiple sequence
alignment of closely related of five plant species and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Bright and clear expected band with 116bp was obtained from colony PCR. Further
research must be must be conducted since polyubiquitin was confirmed as housekeeping
gene in marine microalga, C.vulgaris. This works need guideline for future housekeeping
gene isolation and will be valuable for gene expression studies in marine microalga,
C.vulgaris.
20
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF AMOEBA RESISTANT
BACTERIA IN FREE LIVING AMOEBAE FROM THE INNER
AUTHOR SIDE OF SINK TAPS AT UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA
SUPERVISOR TERENGGANU
: Nurshaira binti Mohd Razi [UK28846]
: Prof. Dr. Nakisah Mat Amin
ABSTRACT
Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous and adaptable to various environments
including the inner side of sink tap. Their potential risk to the human has been reported
worldwide. They are capable in harbouring amoeba resistant bacteria since these bacteria
can resist digestion by the amoebae after being internalized and are able to survived
phagocytosis and multiply within amoebae. Many pathogenic bacteria live in close
association with free-living amoebae. This study was conducted to identify amoeba
resistant bacteria (ARB) from free living amoebae (FLA) isolated from the inner side of
sink taps. The identification of the bacteria was done by using Gram-staining and
biochemical test to identify the family and genus. Rapid identification method by using
BBL Bacteria Identification Rapid Test was done to identify the species of amoeba resistant
bacteria. Ten species were identified. Six of them were gram-negative bacteria namely
Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Miscellaneous
Gram Negative Bacilli, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia ssp pneumonia. Two gram-
positive bacteria were identified which are Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Bacillus
subtilis while they are two species of bacteria were not being able to identified using
standard procedure. These amoeba resistant bacteria (ARB) were isolated from free living
amoebae (FLA) which are from the genus of Acanthamoeba, Hartmanella, and
Deuteramoeba by using the technique of amoebae lysis: 0.3% triton X-100 to release the
bacteria. The occurrence of ARB in FLA was presented. These result indicate that all free
living amoeba isolated contain pathogenic bacteria to indicate the importance of free living
amoeba as reservoir for these bacteria and most of them represent a pathogenic property
to human and environment.
21
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN ENZYMATIC
ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCES AGAINST LEAF AGEING IN
AUTHOR Capsicum annuum
SUPERVISOR
: Suhaseni D/O Chelathurai [UK28847]
: Dr. Norhayati Yusuf
ABSTRACT
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to increases when the plant undergoes ageing
process. The plant possesses several non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidative systems
to counteract with ROS. Accumulation of ROS during the ageing process affects
agriculturally important traits such as quality of seed, fruits and the crop loss. This study
was conducted to determine and compare the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX),
guaicol peroxidase (gPOD) and catalase (CAT) in Capsicum annuum. The trend obtained
indicates that the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes decreased when the plant
grows older. Therefore it is suggested to do further study to understand the underlying
mechanism of ageing process and to determine the most effective antioxidant enzymes
that counteract with the ROS during the stage of ageing process.
22
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ISOLATION OF 18S rDNA GENE FROM SELECTED
MICROALGAE FOR SPECIES IDENTIFICATION
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Nabihah binti Ibrahim [UK28848]
CO-SUPERVISOR
: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cha Thye San
: Dr. Malinna Jusoh
ABSTRACT
Algal taxonomy is a key discipline in phycology and is critical for algal physiology, genetics,
applied phycology, and ecology. Taxonomic identification through morphological
identification is used to validate molecular taxonomic identities. However due to error of
identification which are difficult to distinguish without research-grade microscope and
taxonomic expertise in phycology, molecular identification has become a universal tool in
biological studies. This study was conducted to isolate and clone the 18s rDNA gene from
three unknown microalgae species then sequence and analyze the DNA. Three type of
microalgae species were cultured and the 18s rDNA gene were extracted and amplified.
Amplified fragment were cloned and screened using colony-PCR. Then, the plasmid was
extracted from the bacteria and sequenced to search for homology. Species of microalgae
with genus of Desmodesmus and Chlorella were identified. Molecular sequencing using
ribosomal RNA/DNA with combination microscopic based technique would be a
significant combination and approach for comparative analyses in achieving the criteria
to sort out the group of life among microalgae.
23
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ANTIOXIDATIVE CONSTITUENTS OF WATERCRESS,
Nasturtium officinale
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Tan Celina [UK28849]
: Dr. Norhayati Yusuf
ABSTRACT
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is known for its high anti-oxidative properties
which can decrease various reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced diseases and health
problems. Consumption of plants high in antioxidants such as cruciferous vegetables like
the watercress helps in reducing health risks such as cancers and heart diseases. This
study was conducted to determine antioxidative constituents in watercress leaves and
stems and compare the levels of these antioxidants. Three enzymatic antioxidants assays
including peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) assay were
carried out and the amount of three non-enzymatic antioxidants, i.e. ascorbic acid, α-
tocopherol and carotenoid were determined in this study. It was found that among the
three enzymatic antioxidants, APX had highest specific activity in watercress leaf (2.49 ±
0.97 units/mg protein) whereas CAT had the lowest (0.61 ± 0.23 units/mg protein).
However in watercress stem, POD has the highest specific activity (1.72 ± 0.40 units/mg
protein) while APX was found to have the lowest specific activity (1.18 ± 0.40 units/mg
protein). For the non-enzymatic antioxidants, ascorbic acid possess the highest amount
among the three antioxidants in both watercress leaf (531.89 ± 40.47 μg/g fresh weight)
and stem (124.47 ± 10.22 μg/g fresh weight) samples. Further studies related to the levels
of antioxidant in watercress leaves and stem should take into account that watercress
leaves are more fragile and prone to stress compared to stem, hence may affect overall
comparative antioxidative constituent of watercress.
24
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ISOLATION AND CLONING OF EXPRESSION PLASMID
CONTAINING A HYBRID MURINE POLYOMAVIRUS VP1 GENE
AUTHOR AND FIMBRIAL GENE OF Pasteurella multocida B:2
SUPERVISOR
: Amirah binti Mat Arifin [UK28850]
: Dr. Siti Nor Khadijah Addis
ABSTRACT
Pasteurella multocida B:2 is a gram negative bacterial pathogen which causes a range of
diverse diseases in domestic animals such as ruminants as well as avian species. However,
among the diseases caused by Pasteurella, haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) specifically
infected by P. multocida B:2 had been considered to cause a huge economic losses.
Currently, the vaccine available unable to provide a long lasting specific immunity against
HS disease. Thus, development of recombinant based vaccine is needed to generate
stronger immune response for contributing long-lasting protection against HS disease.
Therefore, this study was carried out to construct a recombinant plasmid by cloning the
fimbriae of P. multocida into VP1 vector of Murine Polyomavirus (MPV). The fimbriae gene
fragment of P. multocida B:2 were amplified by using self-designed primers containing
XhoI and NotI and subsequently cloned into VP1 vector by using T4 DNA ligase followed
by transformation into E. coli (JM109) competent cell. Successful transformants were
screened by PCR colony to determine whether the transformants contain the insert of
interest. The positive clones were confirmed by producing two separate bands, the vector
(1096bp) and insert (435bp). The positive colonies of recombinant were confirmed by
double digestion with HindIII and NotI enzymes and produced two bands (5103bp and
1444bp) which indicated the present of insert gene. Hence, the positive clones can be used
directly into host for development of vaccine against HS disease. In addition, this subunit
can be used further for protein expression.
25
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CAFFEINE MOLECULARLY
IMPRINTED POLYMERS (CAF-MIPS) ON NORMAL CHANG
AUTHOR LIVER CELLS
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR : Naizatul Akmal binti Nawi [UK28851]
: Dr. Fatimah Hashim
: Prof. Dr. Nakisah Mat Amin
ABSTRACT
Caffeine-containing material is the most popular beverages that are consumed for its
beneficial effects on human health and it is said able to inhibit the development of cancer
cells, and it can be founded in tea, coffee and other caffeine-containing materials. However,
over consuming of caffeine is the one of the factors to a few health problems such as
cardiovascular disease, hypertension and insomnia. This preliminary study was
conducted to evaluate the CAF-MIPs toxicity that was synthesized for a new alternative
method for decaffeination. It is crucial to evaluate the toxicity of Caffeine-MIPs (CAF-
MIPs) in case there is a leakage or leaching during the caffeine removal. In this study, the
CAF-MIPs toxicity was tested on Normal Chang Liver cell by using MTT and AO/PI staining
for 72 hours with the highest concentration which is 30 µg/ml (w/v). Besides,
proliferation assay was also conducted for 24, 48 and 72 hours at 30 µg/ml (w/v). The
results showed that the CAF-MIPs were not toxic to cells as the percentage of cell viability
were increased. Besides, observation under light microscopes showed the cells
morphology which was cuboidal and monolayer and the cells can be seen with green
fluorescence after the 72 hours treatment under fluorescence microscope indicated that
cells are viable and healthy. From this study, it is proven that the CAF-MIPs do not cause
any toxicity effects on human cells and good as a potential method for decaffeination.
26
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ISOLATION OF HOUSEKEEPING GENE, BETA TUBULIN FROM
MARINE MICROALGA, Chlorella vulgaris
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Nurazyan Munawwarah bt. Abdullah Sani [UK28852]
CO-SUPERVISOR
: Dr. Malinna Jusoh
: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cha Thye San
ABSTRACT
Microalgae represent an enormous biodiversity, which contained numerous bioactive
compounds that can be harnessed for a commercial use. Recently, microalgae become an
attention in a lot of research due to its various potentials in commercial and human health.
It is crucial now to study the regulation of gene expression in microalgae, as there are
many studies have been done in manipulating of the gene expression in microalgae to
produce the desired products. Housekeeping genes are important baseline in order to
detect the differential in gene expression.These genes are typically constitutive genes that
are crucial for the maintenance of basic cellular function, and are expressed in all cells of
an organism. The main objective of this study was to isolate and cloning β-tubulin
housekeeping gene from marine microalga, C.vulgaris as well as to sequence and
characterize the isolated housekeeping gene. RNA was firstly extracted from C.vulgaris.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) then amplified the targeted DNA sequence by using a
specific primer set designed from multiple alignments of different species. The expected
size of a band of 671 bp of β-tubulin were purified and cloned into pGEM-T vector for
sequencing. The BLAST results show high percentage homology of Chlorella variabilis in
which the percentage more than 90%. This finding is very important as valuable data
documentation of β-tubulin housekeeping in C.vulgaris, which later will provide a
platform for the next research.
27
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : EVALUATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI (EPF)
AGAINST SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES, Globitermes
AUTHOR sulphureus (INSECTA: ISOPTERA)
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR : Zaidatul Akma bt. Sulaiman [UK28854]
: Dr. Wahizatul Afzan Azmi
: Dr. Siti Nor Khadijah Addis
ABSTRACT
Subterranean termites, Globitermes sulphureus is one of the significant pests for
agricultural crops such as coconut and oil palms, that sometimes also attacks building
structures in Malaysia. Natural pathogen of termites like entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) is
a promising alternative biological control of many insects and other arthropods. This is
due to deleterious effects of chemical pesticides used to control crop production had
caused water contamination and health hazards. The objectives of this present study were
(1) to determine the most effective entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) among Metarhizium
anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces sp. against the subterranean termites, G.
sulphureus with morphological evidence; and (2) to determine the most effective
concentration from the most effective EPF against the subterranean termites, G.
sulphureus. Subterranean termites were collected from mound-building termites found in
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). Screening showed that M. anisopliae was the most
effective EPF compared to B. bassiana and Paecilomyces sp. concentration of 1x107 showed
the lowest LT50 value, while LC50 of M. anisopliae in 1 day was 2.0151x106. It could be
concluded that M. anisopliae is the most effective EPF against termites with the most
effective concentration was ±107 followed by EPF strains of B. bassiana and Paecilomyces
sp. However, there is limited field evaluation of EPF against termites in Malaysia.
Therefore, evaluation on efficiency of M. anisopliae in the field should be conducted, thus
the efficacy of M. anisopliae could be proved and marketed.
28
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : PROTEIN PROFILE OF Scenedesmus regularis TREATED
WITH ELEVATED CARBON DIOXIDE
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Nurul Syafirah binti Mohd Shari [UK28855]
: Dr. Hazlina Ahamad Zakeri
ABSTRACT
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the important greenhouse gases (GHG) that have been
increasing over time. Microalgae are one of the biological control to reduce the CO2 level.
Most study done is focused on the effects of CO2 on microalgae biomass or lipid production
but less on protein profile of the microalgae. The objectives of the study were to determine
and assess the protein content and protein profile of Scenedesmus regularis treated with
elevated CO2. The S. regularis was treated with CO2 for 6 hours and left without CO2 for
another 24 hour. The pressure for CO2 used are 5 and 10 psi respectively. The protein
profile of S. regularis was assessed using SDS-PAGE analysis. The results showed there was
decrease in pH of the medium after 6 hours treatment and returned to neutral at 24 hours.
The protein content also showed an increased during the treatment, however for the SDS-
PAGE analysis there were some bands missing during the treatment. It is suggested that
elevated CO2 affecting protein profiles of S. regularis. Further study need to be done to
determine the specific proteins involved in the metabolism.
29
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND NUTRIENT AVALABILITY
ON THE GROWTH OF MACROFUNGI OF SEKAYU,
AUTHOR TERENGGANU
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR : Nurul Farhana binti Mohd Amin [UK28856]
: Dr. Aqilah Mohammad
: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mariam Taib
ABSTRACT
Changing temperature can give impact towards macrofungi because temperature plays an
important role in macrofungial growth including the amount of nutrient availability in
their host. However, such studies that implemented culturing technique of macrofungi
and its relationship with the recent changes of climate and nutrients availability toward
fungal growth is poorly known as lack of detailed research have been conducted in
Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of
different nutrient content and temperature on macrofungal growth. Three different types
of macrofungi from Sekayu, Russula sp., Amanita sp. and Boletes sp.were cultured on three
different types of agar: Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and Tap
Water Agar (TWA). Each fungus was grown under three different temperatures: 20⁰C,
25⁰C and 30⁰C for 21 days and the measurements of mycelial diameter were carried out
on day seven, 14 and 21. Results showed that 25⁰C is the most favourable temperature
that allowed fungi to grow faster with longer mycelial diameters on the plate. Besides that,
spores isolated on MEA nutrient agar indicated the fastest rate of mycelial growth
compared to other two tested nutrient agars. Findings of this project can provide
additional information about the macrofungi cultivation process and impact of
temperature and nutrient availability towards fungal growth.
30
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : PROTEIN PROFILE OF Chlorella vulgaris TREATED
AUTHOR WITH ELEVATED CARBON DIOXIDE
: Siti Muslihah binti Abd Radzak [UK28857]
SUPERVISOR : Dr. Hazlina Ahamad Zakeri
ABSTRACT
The increment of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere led to global warming
effect. Therefore, it is important to discover organism that have the ability to fix the CO2
concentration as well as provide economic benefits and environmental safe. Microalgae
are capable in fixing CO2 effectively in atmosphere and produced a good protein profile.
The protein act as biomarker which reveals the degree of environmental integrity as it
expressed differently with the presence of CO2. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine
the effect of elevated CO2 on protein content and its protein profile of Chlorella vulgaris. C.
vulgaris was being treated under different pressure of CO2 which is at 5 psi and 10 psi
before proceeded with further analysis. Then, the CO2 aeration was stopped as for 24
hours of recovery period. The pH of the medium decreased significantly as the medium
culture being exposed to CO2. On the other hand, the number of cell count was lower after
being treated with CO2. However, the presence of higher amount of CO2 in culture medium
enhanced the protein content and contains more bands C. vulgaris. Therefore, C. vulgaris
had the good potential as a CO2 mitigator and a good source of protein production with the
greater level of elevated CO2.
31
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : RELATIONSHIP OF LEAF AGING, HYDROGEN PROXIDE
CONTENT AND ION LEAKAGE IN Capsicum annuum
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Norrabiatul Adauya binti Abdul Salleh [UK28858]
: Dr. Norhayati Yusuf
ABSTRACT
Leaf aging can cause agricultural crop losses in the field as well as during transportation
from the producer to the consumer. Nevertheless, there are still lacks of information on
how hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ion leakage cause leaf aging. This study was conducted
in order to determine the production of H2O2 content and ion leakage during leaf aging of
Capsicum annuum. C. annuum were cultivated and after fully expanded young leaf of C.
annuum developed, H2O2 and ion leakage assays were carried out. The experiment was
conducted for 5 weeks. Results indicate that increase in level of H2O2 and ion leakage as
the process of aging occurred. Initially increase in H2O2 and ion leakage was observed
followed with declining in production of H2O2 and ion leakage at the later stages of
experiment. Therefore it suggested that, the H2O2 and ion leakage production can be used
as a marker to study defense mechanism in leaf aging process.
32
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : PROTEIN EXTRACTION METHODS FOR Scenedesmus regularis
AUTHOR : Firdiana binti Maarif [UK28860]
SUPERVISOR : Dr. Ma Nyuk Ling
ABSTRACT
The protein content of Scenedesmus regularis can provide important information on the
chemical characteristics that are useful for further research. Previous studies were only
focusing on the extraction of another species of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris and lack on
any of the Scenedesmus sp. Thus, study was conducted to determine the protein extraction
method for S. regularis. The microalgae were cultivated in F/2 media under optimum
condition for 6-8 days accordingly to its growth curve. The microalgae were harvested
using the simple centrifugation method. Three protein extraction protocols for microalgae
were tested using NaOH buffer, TCA-acetone buffer and multi-detergent buffer. The
proteins obtained were quantified using the Bradford assay and were run to one-
dimensional electrophoresis. The highest concentration of proteins was the procedure
using TCA-acetone buffer. TCA-acetone method also contributes to the optimum and clear
bands compares to other protocols. So, it was suggested that the best protein extraction
method for S. regularis is using the TCA-acetone protocol. It is recommended to identify
each of the proteins available and its own function to be use in other industry.
33
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : THE EFFECT OF A FUNGUS, Colletotrichum capsici ON THE
NON-ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS IN Capsicum annuum
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Nur Akmal binti Ali [UK28861]
: Dr. Norhayati Yusuf
ABSTRACT
Capsicum annuum is a crop consumed worldwide. However, it is usually exposed to
environmental changes and pathogen attack which lead to yield loss. In this study, the
amount of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and
carotenoids in C. annuum infected with Colletotrichum capsici were determined. These
antioxidants was assayed at 0,1,2,3,4 and 5 weeks of treatment. The results showed that
the ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and carotenoids content is significantly affected by the
infection of C. capsici. At early stages of the experiments, the amount of the non-enzymatic
antioxidants increased, then decreased at later stages. It is recommended that further
research should be done to control the effect of C. capsici in C. annuum. For example,
genetic modification to increase the tolerability of the plants towards various stress.
34
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : PROTEIN PROFILE OF OIL PAM SEEDLINGS AFTER
INFESTATION BY RED PALM WEEVIL (Rhynchophorus
AUTHOR ferrugineus)
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR : Fahmeeda binti Mohamad Jazamuddin [UK28862]
: Dr. Hazlina Ahamad Zakeri
: Dr. Wahizatul Afzan Azmi
ABSTRACT
Red Palm Weevil (RPW) or Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is an invasive palm pest and has
the potential to attack the oil palm, a major Malaysian crop. Early infestation of RPW is not
easily to detect since the pretentious tree does not show symptoms of pest attack until it
is too late. Proteins are the cellular functional units, which responsible for controlling
plant’s intracellular reaction to environmental factors including insect herbivory.
Studying the proteins enable direct reflection of plant response to herbivore to be easily
detected. Thus, this research was conducted to observe the responses of wounded and
RPW-infested oil palms in terms of their physiological symptoms and protein changes.
Observations and analyses were done for a period of one month. For the three and four
weeks oil palm, the fronds drooped and brownish liquid secreted around the holes where
RPW dwelled. In addition, five RPW larvae were also found inside the cabbage. The
amount of proteins for wounded oil palm increases gradually across period of treatment
but the amount of protein for two weeks RPW-infested oil palm was slightly lower than
the one week, but then gradually increased again in three and four weeks. Presence of new
and lost of proteins changes in wounded and RPW-infested seedling compared to
uninfested tree was observed on SDS-PAGE gels. These changes were also evident in gels
of the different infestation weeks. In conclusion, presence of RPW can induce the changes
in protein being expressed by the oil palm. Thus, the proteins expressed can be used as
biomarkers to detect the early infestation of RPW in oil palm.
35
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : THE EFFECT OF AGITATION SPEED ON CELL GROWTH AND
ETHANOL PRODUCTION BY Saccharomyces cerevisiae IN
AUTHOR BATCH FERMENTATION
SUPERVISOR
: Nur Maisarah binti Ahmad Pauzi [UK28863]
: Dr. Azila Adnan
ABSTRACT
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been recognised as the predominant ethanol-
producing microorganism used in industrial practices as it is able to ferment sugar-based
materials. However, swirls created by agitation during fermentation can harm the cells by
rupturing and making their contents to let loose or influencing their morphology. These
changes will affect the ethanol productivity. Because agitation is essential in maintaining
homogenous chemical and physical conditions in the culture, the effects of agitation rates
on yeast cell growth and ethanol production were investigated in this study. Analytical
methods used are cell growth measurement, Residual Sugar Analysis (DNS assay) and
ethanol determination by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Based
on the experiments conducted, the optimum speed that produced the highest yield of 2.60
g/g with the least sugar consumption of 39% was at 100 rpm. This indicates that
fermentation process is at its best performance at 100 rpm agitation speed. Hence, it is
recommended that further research should be done at molecular level on the stages of
ethanol production pathways focusing on 100 rpm agitation speed in order to investigate
which stage was affected the most that results in the high yield of ethanol.
36
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 1,4-DIMETHYLAAPTAMINE
AGAINST MEDICALLY IMPORTANT BACTERIA
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Siti Nurhana Ayuni binti Saaidin [UK28864]
: Dr. Siti Nor Khadijah Addis
ABSTRACT
Some bacteria can be pathogenic to human health and causes severe infection. Generally,
bacterial infections can be treated by consuming effective antibiotics. However, due to
problem arise including emergence of antibiotic resistance strains, allergic reaction
towards certain antibiotic and drug-drug interaction occur when consuming multiple
antibiotics have reduced the available effective antibiotics. Hence, treatment against
bacterial infection is now less effective. This matter has contributed to finding of new
antibiotic from various resources including marine source. Marine sponge, Aaptos aaptos
is known to have aaptamine alkaloid which has broad potential bioactivities including
antibacterial activity. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the antibacterial
activity from 1, 4-dimethylaaptamine compound which is the derivative of aaptamine
alkaloid. Identification of bacteria was conducted by Gram staining and conventional
biochemical test. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was done by broth
microdilution method with two-fold dilution against six medically important bacteria
(Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Escherichia sp., Pseudomonas sp. and
Klebsiella sp.). The compound exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus sp.
(MIC=<0.5ng), Micrococcus sp. (MIC=<0.5ng), Escherichia sp. (MIC=<0.5ng), Pseudomonas
sp. (MIC=16-31 μg/ml) and Klebsiella sp. (MIC=8-16 μg/ml) but with no activity against
Bacillus sp. Result showed that the compound has broad range of antibacterial activity
against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. It is suggested that further
research to be carried out to determine the mechanism of antibacterial activity as shown
by this study.
37
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : LIVER FLUKE INFECTION IN CONDEMNED LIVERS IN LARGE
RUMINANTS ABATTOIR, KUALA TERENGGANU
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Nurlaili bt. Mhd Rosli [UK28865]
: Dr. Khadijah Saad
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of liver fluke infection in condemned
livers of cattle and buffaloes at Kompleks Abatoir Kuala Terengganu. About 348 cattle and
buffaloes were slaughtered during in Decembers 2014 until February 2015 for three
month and only 11 (3.2%) liver sampled were condemned. The prevalence of liver fluke
infection from condemned liver of cattle and buffaloes at Kompleks Abatoir Kuala
Terengganu was determined as 72.73%, which are buffaloes (63.63%) and cattle (9.10%)
respectively. All condemned liver collected from an abattoir were examined for the
presence of Fasciola, and the number of liver fluke in each condemned liver were counted.
All fluke were as identified as Fasciola gigantica was found because all animal infected
from local cattle and buffaloes. Results showed that the liver condemned caused by liver
fluke, stomach fluke and liver abscess. Liver fluke infection (72.73%) was reported to be
the most prevalent in animal, followed by stomach fluke infection (18.18%) and liver
abscess (9.10%). The study indicated high prevalence of liver fluke infection in liver
condemnation. Results from this study were sent to the Department of Veterinary Services
Terengganu to improve the animal’s health with better treatment.
38
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF OIL PALM SEEDLING AFTER
INFESTATION BY RED PALM WEEVIL (Rhynchophorus
AUTHOR ferrugineus)
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR : Nurul Sakinah binti Saapilin [UK28866]
: Dr. Hazlina Ahamad Zakeri
: Dr. Wahizatul Afzan Azmi
ABSTRACT
The oil palm industry has been the backbone of Malaysia’s economic development.
However, pest known as red palm weevil, RPW (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) is one of the
coconut pest that is presumed to be one of the serious pest that could threaten the oil palm
industry. Thus, the objectives of this study are to observe sign and symptom of RPW attack
on oil palm seedling and to determine the total phenol of oil palm seedling after infestation
with RPW. This study was done for four consecutive weeks which include three types of
treatments such as mechanical wounding, mechanical wounding with RPW and with no
treatment. Sign and symptom of RPW attack on oil palm seedling was observed through
the shoot, stem and cabbage. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used in the determination of
total phenol content and results were expressed as mg CE/g cabbage tissue. The total
phenol value diminishes from one week until three weeks treatment and going up at four
weeks treatment for both types of treatments. However, total phenol value of control
seedling increases from one week to three weeks and decreases at four weeks. Total
phenol values found in tree of mechanically wounded and control were significantly
higher than those found in tree of mechanical wounded with RPW. Therefore, it could be
concluded that sign and symptom of RPW attack shows that cabbage of oil palm seedling
can be a suitable substrate for development of RPW larvae. The total phenol value of
mechanical wounding with RPW was significantly lower than those seedlings treated with
mechanical wounding and control seedling.
39
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ISOLATION OF HOUSEKEEPING GENE, GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-
PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE FROM MARINE MICROALGA,
AUTHOR Chlorella vulgaris
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR : Mohd Asril bin Sharil [UK28867]
: Dr. Malinna Jusoh
: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cha Thye San
ABSTRACT
Microalgae are considered one of the most diversified group of microscopic, unicellular
photosynthetic microorganisms, capable of using sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce
energy-rich compounds such as carbohydrates and lipids. Recently, extensive
manipulation of gene expression in microalgae to produce strains with desired products
have been the subject of research. Due to its economic importance and health benefits, it
is now becoming essential to study the regulation of gene expression in microalgae at the
gene levels. In order to detect differential gene expression, housekeeping gene is used as
a baseline to normalize the expression values. Housekeeping genes are defined as genes
that ubiquitously expressed in all cells to maintain cellular function. These genes are often
used as internal control in gene expression studies due to their stable expressions. In this
study, glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was isolated from marine microlaga,
C. vulgaris using respective gene specific primers designed from multiple sequence
alignments of several microalgae species. Expected size bands of 487 bp of GAPDH, was
isolated from cDNA of C.vulgaris. These bands were purified and cloned into pGEM-T
vector for sequencing. The homologous search from BLAST portrayed Chlorella sp.,
Dunaliella viridis, Dunaliella salina, Chlorella variabilis and Chlamydomonas sp. showed
high identical percentage, 97%, 89%, 89%, 92% and 88% respectively. This finding is very
first important step before further exploration such as characterizations, stabilizations
and normalizations of those housekeeping genes in C. vulgaris.
40
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 1,4-DIBENZYLAAPTAMINE
AGAINST MEDICALLY IMPORTANT BACTERIA
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Nor Shahirah binti Muharim Alam Shah [UK28868]
: Dr. Siti Nor Khadijah Addis
ABSTRACT
Some bacteria can be pathogenic to human health and cause severe infections. Commonly,
bacterial infections can be treated by consuming antibiotics. However, due to some
problems such as bacterial resistance development, allergic reaction towards certain
antibiotics, drug-drug interactions reactions and overuse of antibiotics had reduced the
availability of effective antibiotic. These problems lead to the new search for a better drug
to overcome the pathogenic bacterial infections. This includes the research on marine
resources as potential pharmaceutical products. Aaptamine which is a compound
extracted from marine sponge Aaptos aaptos, and its natural congeners collectively known
as ‘aaptamines’, are marine alkaloids, which contain a benzo[de][1,6]-naphthyridine
framework and was discovered to contain many biological activities including
antibacterial activity. The 1,4-dibenzylaaptamine is a derivative of aaptamine and was
previously discovered to contain many biological activities. This study was conducted to
determine the antibacterial property of 1,4-dibenzylaaptamine against medically
important bacteria (Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp. Klebsiella sp.,
Escherichia sp. and Pseudomonas sp.). The identification of bacteria was performed by
Gram-staining and several biochemical tests. The minimum inhibition concentration
(MIC) of 1,4-dibenzylaaptamine against the test bacteria was determined by using broth
microdilution assay. It was determined that 1,4-dibenzylaaptamine exhibited broad range
of antibacterial activity in which, this compound inhibit the growth of all bacteria tested.
This compound was most potent in inhibiting Micrococcus sp. (MIC=1μg/ml) growth and
least potent against Klebsiella sp. (MIC=125μg/ml). It is highly recommended that further
research should be carried out as to determine the detail mechanism of antibacterial
activity of this 1,4-dibenzylaaptamine compound.
41
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : ISOLATION AND CLONING OF EXPRESSION PLASMID
CONTAINING A HYBRID MURINE POLYOMAVIRUS VP1 GENE
AUTHOR AND OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEIN A (OmpA) GENE OF
SUPERVISOR Pasteurella multocida B:2
: Adila Nursyima bt Saidin [UK28869]
: Dr. Siti Nor Khadijah Addis
ABSTRACT
The genus Pasteurella cause a wide range of infection in farm animals of various species.
The bacteria Pasteurella multocida with type B:2 is commonly known to cause
hemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) which is an economically important disease of cattle and
buffaloes. Nowadays, broad research on vaccination has been conducted to control the
disease. However, current vaccines against HS is still lacking as it only confer short-term
protection and caused various adverse reactions in the vaccinated animal. Therefore, this
study was aimed to construct a hybrid of DNA-based vaccine containing the outer
membrane protein A (OmpA) protein gene from P. multocida B:2 and virus like particle
present by VP1 Murine Polyomavirus (MPyV) as a vector . This was achieved by isolation
of the OmpA protein gene by PCR in which subsequently introduced into a virus-like
particle of VP1 gene of MPyV vector. The isolation used modified OmpA primers
containing XhoI and NotI by PCR. Then, the products were ligated to plasmid DNA
containing VP1 gene from MPyV, after treating both gene and plasmid with XhoI and NotI
enzymes. The ligated mixtures was transformed into DH5α competent cells and the
putative transformants colony was selected for colony PCR using OmpA modified primers
and VP1 primers for validation. It was found that the isolation of OmpA gene of P.
multocida B:2 was achieved. However, after validation by colony PCR none of
transformants showed the presence of OmpA insert. Thus, it was indicated that the
construction of recombinant plasmid of OmpA-MPyV construct was not achieved.
42
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF Scenedesmus regularis
UNDER PHOSPHATE STRESS CONDITIONS
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Nur Shuhada binti Che Hussin [UK28870]
: Dr. Ma Nyuk Ling
ABSTRACT
Microalgae are organisms that capable to produce their own food and reproduce in the
present of various factors. One of the most important factors is nutrient. As they grow,
they also produce metabolites that are very important in biotechnology researches such
as biofuel production and for pharmaceutical purposes. In this research, the physiological
changes of the microalgae were investigated by culturing the microalgae with three
different concentrations of phosphate (control, deprivation, and overdosing), where two
of them were stress condition. The changes were measured by biomass, chlorophyll and
carotenoids concentration, morphology using SEM and antimicrobial test. Microalgae in
culture with high dose of phosphate show no obvious changes when compared with the
control culture, whereas the deprivation culture show negative changes where the results
of chlorophyll and carotenoid content and biomass were lower than the control culture.
In addition, extracts from the three cultures did not show any present of antimicrobial
properties. Thereby, the amount of stress for microalgae to produce the antimicrobial
properties‟ metabolites could not yet be determined.
43
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES STUDY IN Scenedesmus regularis
UNDER DIFFERENT NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Nur Faiqah binti Ismail [UK28871]
: Dr. Ma Nyuk Ling
ABSTRACT
Recently, microalgae have been widely explored for biofuel production. Altering the
macronutrients such as nitrate and phosphate can enhance the oil yield productivity. Due
to the enormous diversity of microalgae, a large number of species has not been
investigated yet and one of the species is Scenedesmus regularis. There is still lack of
information in physiological and molecular study about this species. Therefore, this study
was carried out to observe the morphological and behavioral changes of S. regularis
cultured in low, high and optimal concentration of nitrate. Five parameters such as growth
curve, pigment composition, morphological, biomass productivity and its antimicrobial
activity were observed. The results revealed that S. regularis cultured in low nitrate
treatment managed to decrease the cell density (30%) and biomass production (43%)
over to optimum concentration while in high nitrate treatment the cell density and
biomass increase by 0.80% and 12.6%, respectively. The shape of S. regularis treated in
low concentration of nitrate flattens and shrink compared to optimal and high
concentration. Maximum chlorophyll a= 8.4809 μg/ml, chlorophyll b= 2.2472 μg/ml and
carotenoid= 2.8063 μg/ml were obtained from high concentration of nitrate which
showed double composition than optimal and triple composition than low nitrate
concentration. Although there is physiological changes occur in S. regularis, however there
is no antimicrobial properties have shown. Thus, it can be conclude that nitrate deficiency
or high nitrate may not trigger S. regularis to produce secondary metabolite. However,
future research by using other method or stress should be carried out due to possibilities
for antimicrobial properties. This valuable compound may be useful for drug discovery.
44
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : THE EFFECT OF A FUNGUS, Colletotrichum capsici, ON THE
ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS OF Capsicum annuum
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Syazana binti Mohd Fazi [UK28872]
: Dr. Norhayati Yusuf
ABSTRACT
Capsicum annuum (pepper) is one of the most important crops all over the world as it
offers a lot of benefits to the human being, in terms of human nutrition as well as in the
economic significance. However, fungal infection is the main problem that will lead to the
common pepper distruptive disease, known as the Anthracnose which lowered the yields
of this plant. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the specific activities of
the enzymatic antioxidants (catalase (CAT); ascorbate peroxidase (APX); and guaiacol
peroxidase (g-POD)) in C. annuum as a response to the fungal infections by Colletotrichum
capsisi. The assays were conducted at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks of treatment periods. The
results showed that, the CAT specific activities increased drastically at the early stages of
the experiment and decreased thereafter. In contrast, the APX and g-POD specific activities
were initially lower, but increased significantly at the later stages of experiment. This
study shows that the CAT, APX, and g-POD worked in concert to fight against the stress
caused by the fungal infection, with their different specific roles in removing and reducing
the reactive oxygen species in the stress condition. Therefore, it is suggested that, the new
fungal resistant seeds can be introduced through the genetic engineering and plant
biotechnology fields to solve this problem.
45
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF NAPHTHALIMIDE DERIVATIVE
ON THE CHANG LIVER CELLS
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Norshaqira binti Mohamad [UK28873]
CO-SUPERVISOR : Dr. Fatimah Hashim
: Dr. Tei Woo Chiat
ABSTRACT
The N-(2-Bromoethyl)-4-pipiridino-1,8-naphthalimide and N-(3-bromopropyl)-4-
pipiridino-1,8-naphthalimide are a homologous pair of 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives.
However, this organic light emitting diode (OLED) can give effect towards human body
systems when the exposures and leakage of the naphthalimide derivatives contribute to
the environmental contamination which leads to the toxicity. This study was conducted to
determine the IC50 value of naphthalimide by using MTT assay that may lead to the
toxicity towards Chang liver cells and to determine the mode of the cell death by using
light microscopy and AO/PI staining. From the experiment, the concentration that was
causing toxicity is 13.3μg/mL. This showed that the naphthalimide derivatives are quite
toxic when exposed to human cells because it only need a small amount concentration to
become toxic to human. It was supported by light microscopy result when the
morphological of Chang liver cells were changed and AO/PI dyes fluoresce were orange-
red. It is highly recommended to carry out further study regarding the effects of
naphthalimide towards human cell line.
46
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : CYTOTOXICITY OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLE (TiO2
NP) ON HUMAN FIBROBLAST CELL LINE
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Nur Afikah binti Othman [UK28874]
CO-SUPERVISOR : Dr. Nurul Huda Abd Kadir @ Abdul Rahman
: Prof. Dr. Nakisah Mat Amin
Dr. Sabri Mohd Ghazali
ABSTRACT
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle (TiO2 NP) is a nanoparticle with less than 100 nm and
widely used in sunscreen and cosmetic product, due to its strong absorption for UV
radiation that can prevent skin photodamage. However, there is a concern about the usage
of TiO2 NP in term of risk to human health. This research was conducted by using
fibroblast cell as a model to assess the cytotoxicity of TiO2 NP and to measure the
glutathione (GSH) levels which are related to toxicity mechanism of TiO2 NP. Size of TiO2
NP was characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the size of the
TiO2 NP was 154.2 ± 22.33 nm. AlamarBlueTM reagent was used to measure the
percentage of cell viability after treatment with TiO2 NP and our results have shown that
TiO2 NP give slight inhibition to the viability of fibroblast cells. The level of GSH was
conducted using O-Phtaldialdehyde (OPA) reagent and GSH level has no significant
difference for all time points (30 min, 1 h, 4 h and 8 h) of treatments compared to control,
suggesting that GSH level might not change due to less toxicity effect. As conclusion, TiO2
NP may not give adverse effect to normal human fibroblast cells.
47
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : CYTOTOXICITY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLE (ZnO NP) ON
HUMAN FIBROBLAST CELL LINE
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Siti Nuriah binti Mohd Noor [UK28876]
CO-SUPERVISOR : Dr. Nurul Huda Abd Kadir @ Abdul Rahman
: Prof. Dr. Nakisah Mat Amin
Dr. Sabri Mohd Ghazali
ABSTRACT
Various industrial applications especially sunscreen (skin protector) used zinc oxide
nanoparticle (ZnO NP) in their formulation due to its nano-sized (1-100 nm). The average
size of ZnO was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) which was
132.20 ± 14.06 nm. However, lack of toxicological data about ZnO NP that may generate a
concern in term of their risk to human health. Due to sunscreen is used topically, skin
fibroblast cell was chosen to access dermal toxicity of ZnO NP. The cytotoxicity study of
ZnO NP was conducted using AlamarBlueTM dye. Glutathione (GSH), is a non-protein
tripeptide which could be a biomarker of cell death was assessed fluorometrically using
OPA (o-phthaldialdehyde) assay. Based on our results, 50% inhibition concentration
(IC50) was found at low concentration which is 10 g/mL and 11 g/mL for 24 h and 48 h
exposure time respectively. IC50 of cell viability and highest concentration of ZnO NP was
chosen to determine the level of intracellular GSH expressed in treated cells at different
time point. Our result has shown that GSH did not involve in inducing cell death of treated
cells. Thus, further evaluation should be done to determine mechanism of cell death after
the exposure with ZnO NP.
48
Compilation of Abstracts: Final Year Research Project 2014/2015
TITLE : THE RECURRENCE OF FUNGI DURING POST MONSOON IN
SEKAYU RECREATIONAL FOREST
AUTHOR
SUPERVISOR : Shaifullah bin Tobrani [UK28877]
CO-SUPERVISOR : Dr. Aqilah Mohammad
: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mariam Taib
ABSTRACT
Fungi may grow more than once in a season by producing new fruit bodies from same
individuals and produce new individuals by spreading spores or mycelial extension.
Basidiomycetes normally produce dynamic mycelia networks that grow and expand on
their substrate, soil litter interface and dead wood. However, there are still lack of data
published about the occurrence of fungi in Sekayu Recreational Forest. Four common
fungi species were selected for this study known as Agaricus sp., Boletes sp., Amanita mira
and Termitomycetes heimii. Three different sites in Sekayu Recreational Forest were
selected. For fungal intraspecific interaction using inoculation method to determine the
seasonal periodicity of the fungi, same fungal species at the same site but different in time
collected were cultured on the agar plate. The result of this intraspecific interaction can
determine the particular fungal species derived from the same ancestor or otherwise from
same fruit body or new individuals. This project showed that only three species that grew
more than once during the post monsoon period which are Agaricus sp., Boletes sp., and
Termitomyctetes heimii. For the inoculation, two intraspecific interaction occurred, which
were “overgrowth “and “fusion” interactions. The results obtained from this project may
provide more information about the intraspecific interaction between the fungi and also
the seasonal periodicity of macrofungi in Sekayu Recreational Forest.
49
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