February 2015
Tourisme Montréal | 800 boulevard René-Lévesque Ouest, bureau 2450
Montréal, Québec | H3B 1X9
Research Department
“Montréal is…” is a document that Tourisme Montréal has been producing since 1998. Updated every two
years, “Montréal is…” complements other Tourisme Montréal research documents and brings together a
series of information on an array of known and lesser known aspects of the Montréal destination. The
facts and figures in this document will help you get the most of Montréal, its resources and its sometimes
unexpected attractions.
Enjoy!
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Access ........................................................................................................................................................... 1
Active Transportation..................................................................................................................................... 1
Air Transportation .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Architecture ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Arts and Culture............................................................................................................................................. 4
Cinema .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Climate........................................................................................................................................................... 6
Conventions................................................................................................................................................... 7
Creativity and Innovation ............................................................................................................................... 7
Cultural Diversity ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Downtown ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
Economy........................................................................................................................................................ 9
Education..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Fashion ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
Fun and Pleasure in Montréal ..................................................................................................................... 12
Geography ................................................................................................................................................... 12
Healthcare and Services ............................................................................................................................. 12
Housing........................................................................................................................................................ 13
Industry ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
Language..................................................................................................................................................... 15
Marine Transport ......................................................................................................................................... 15
Media ........................................................................................................................................................... 16
Montréal, International City.......................................................................................................................... 16
Neighbourhoods and Boroughs................................................................................................................... 16
Nightlife........................................................................................................................................................ 18
Population.................................................................................................................................................... 19
Public Safety................................................................................................................................................ 19
Quality of Life............................................................................................................................................... 19
Religious Patrimony..................................................................................................................................... 20
Restaurants ................................................................................................................................................. 22
Sports and Leisure ...................................................................................................................................... 22
Sustainable Development............................................................................................................................ 24
Tourism........................................................................................................................................................ 27
Trivia ............................................................................................................................................................ 27
Underground Pedestrian Network ............................................................................................................... 29
Urban Transportation................................................................................................................................... 29
Video Games ............................................................................................................................................... 30
Visual and Special Effects ........................................................................................................................... 31
Sources........................................................................................................................................................ 32
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 ii
ACCESS
Montréal is 63 kilometres (39 miles) from the U.S. border.1
The closest border crossings of the states of New York and Vermont are a one-hour drive from
downtown Montréal.
o Covey Hill/Cannon’s Corner, NY (open from 8 a.m. to 12 a.m. from May 1 to October 31
and 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. from November 1 to April 30).
o Hemmingford/Mooers, NY
o St-Bernard-de Lacolle/Champlain, NY
o Lacolle Rte 221/Overton Corners, NY
o Lacolle Rte 223/Rouses Point, NY
o Noyan/Alburg Springs, VT.2
The cities of Toronto, New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Washington are less than two hours
away by plane.3
By car, Montréal is two hours from Ottawa, two and a half hours from Québec City and five hours
from Toronto.4
Montréal has 53 bridges and 7 tunnels. Of these, 18 allow travellers to access and leave the
island of Montréal.5
In 2013, the construction of a detour bridge between Montréal and Nun’s Island was initiated. The
detour bridge will make it possible to isolate the Champlain Bridge in view of its replacement, as
part of the project to construct a new bridge over the St. Lawrence River.6
ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION
The City of Montréal plans to develop a ten-kilometer pathway, which would allow pedestrians and
cyclists to circle Mount Royal without interruption. The project should be completed by 2017.
Some parts of the circuit are already functional and highly popular, such as the path along Côte-
des-Neiges Road.7
Walking
o In 2013, Montréal was rated the 2nd most walkable Canadian city in the 2014 Walkable
Cities ranking. Montréal came out 9th in the full ranking, which includes several Canadian,
American and Australian cities.8
o Montréal has one permanently pedestrian street: Prince Arthur Street. Several other
streets shut down to traffic to become pedestrian during specific times of the year,
including sections of Ste. Catherine Street East and West, and St. Paul Street East.9
o Montréal has 6,550 km of sidewalks.10
Cycling
o In 2013, Copenhagenize ranked Montréal as North America’s (and the world’s 11th) most
bicycle-friendly city based on the company's 2013 Bicycle Friendly Cities index.11
o According to Smarter Travel, in 2010 Montréal was one of the best cities for cycling.12
o In 2009, Montréal was on Time Magazine’s top 10 list of best urban cycling trips. The loop
along the Lachine Canal ranks third among the best urban cycling paths.13
o In 2007, the Route verte (Green Route) that crosses Montréal (and the province from east
to west) was declared the best cycling route by National Geographic.14
o In 2014, the annual Féria du vélo changed its name just before the 30th Tour de l’Île (Tour
of the Island). The Go Bike Montreal Festival took its place, offering several events such
as the Tour de l’Île, Metropolitan Challenge, Tour la Nuit, and Operation Bike-to-Work.
About 30,000 cyclists invaded Montréal’s streets during the Tour de l’Île.15
o The entire island of Montréal boasts in excess of 650 km of cycling paths.16
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 1
BIXI
o Since May 2009, Montréal has had a self-serve bike rental service, called BIXI. This
service allows users to borrow a bike from one station, ride where they choose and then
drop it off at any other station in the network. Montréal currently has 411 stations and
5,120 bikes in operation.17
o BIXI is a hybrid word, a contraction of the words bicycle and taxi.18
o Each BIXI station is equipped with anchorage points to lock the bikes and a transactional
meter. To access a bike, a user simply inserts a subscription key (BIXI-key), an access
code or a credit or debit card into the meter. BIXI stations run on solar energy and include
information and advertising panels.
o Montréal has the largest bike sharing station in North America. The King/de la Commune
station has 110 docking points.19
o BIXI has expanded to more than 10 cities around the world, including New York, London,
Melbourne, Boston and Toronto.20
o BIXI has received multiple awards. It was ranked 19th in Time Magazine’s list of top
inventions for 2008. In addition, the system was awarded the Gold prize for the best
product of 2009 in the “Sustainable Energy and Development” category of the prestigious
Edison Best New Products Awards. The bicycle also received the 2010 Good Design
Awards in the Environment Category.21
AIR TRANSPORTATION
Montréal is served by two airports:
o The Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport (Montréal-Trudeau), just 25
minutes from downtown Montréal, handles all regular flights.22
o The Montréal–Mirabel International Airport is 55 km northwest of Montréal and handles
cargo carriers. As of November 2004, passenger flights no longer fly into Montréal–
Mirabel International Airport. All flights have been transferred to Montréal-Trudeau.
Mirabel remains open to cargo traffic and aircraft construction activity.23
In 2013, Montréal ranked 4th among Canadian airports after Toronto, Vancouver and Calgary for
passenger volume.24
In 2014, 14 million passengers went through the Montréal-Trudeau Airport. In total, 177,165 tons
of cargo were transported through the two Montréal airports.25
In 2014, Aéroports de Montréal served 129 destinations, including 84 regular destinations and 45
seasonal destinations:
o Regular destinations: 27 destinations in Canada (including 12 in Québec), 23 in the
United States (in 21 cities) and 34 international destinations (in 34 cities).
o Seasonal destinations: 19 destinations in summer and 26 destinations in winter.26
Aéroports de Montréal has 28 regular passenger carriers (10 national, 14 international and 4
transborder), as well as 23 cargo-only carriers.27
Montréal-Trudeau has undergone and continues to undergo major expansion and modernization
designed in order to increase the terminal’s capacity and substantially enhance the level of
passenger service. A vast program, which was launched in 2000 and finished in 2009, included,
among others, the construction of several brand-new facilities, including a jetty for flights to the
United States, another for overseas flights and a huge international arrivals complex, with a
border crossing and a baggage terminal. The public arrivals complex was also expanded. The
domestic sector was renovated in 2007. The construction of a new transborder departure lounge
was completed in 2009. Between 2000 and 2011, improvements totalling some $1.9 billion were
made.28
Montréal-Trudeau Airport also wishes to implement express rail transfer service between its
airport passenger terminal and Montréal’s Central Station.29
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 2
In 2013, Aéroports de Montréal and the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) worked
together to implement a new computerized passport control system at the Montréal-Trudeau
airport. This new initiative aims to offer a smoother experience to passengers traveling to the
United States. In addition, the new SecurXpress service simplifies the process of
domestic/international security checks: passengers who use it benefit from express passage
through security at a predetermined time.30
In 2011, Montréal-Trudeau won the Best Improvement in North America title awarded by the
Airport Council International.31
Montréal-Trudeau recently received the ASQ Assured certification, a guarantee of rigorous
service quality management standards specifically designed for airports by Airports Council
International.32
According to Aéroports de Montréal, Montréal ranked 4th in North America for its number of direct
flights to Europe in the summer of 2014.33
ARCHITECTURE
Montréal architecture is a juxtaposition of old and new, in which the legacy of events such as the
1967 World Exhibition and the 1976 Olympics plays an important role. As the industrial and
financial centre of Canada in the 19th century, the city has its own impressive heritage.
The most common building materials used for Montréal houses are grey stone and red brick,
which were formed thousands of years ago when the entire region lay beneath the Champlain
Sea. At the time, red clay and grey limestone made up this ancient seabed.34
The outer staircases that grace many Montréal homes are one of the city’s distinctive features.
Towards the middle of the 19th century, people living in rural areas began to move to cities, which
led to the construction of two and three-story houses. Alarmed by the demographic pressure that
was reshaping the urban landscape, municipal officials brought in a new regulation requiring
home owners to keep a small green space in front of their property, which led to the idea of
placing staircases outside. This way, owners didn’t have to heat a shared indoor space.35 The
design of these staircases dates back to a time when homes in the city’s more well-to-do
neighbourhoods were set back from the street. This started a trend, and soon duplexes and
triplexes appeared with outer staircases of all different shapes and sizes — L- and S-shaped,
straight, single and double. Exterior staircases were banned in 1940 as a result of pressure from
members of the Establishment, who were upset by this appalling fad. The ban was lifted in 1994
when, in the interests of preserving architectural harmony, outer staircases were allowed to be
built on streets where the structures already existed.36
The highest building in Montréal is the 1000 De la Gauchetière. The skyscraper is 205 metres
high, has 51 floors and was built in 1992.37
Montréal is home to the Canadian Centre for Architecture, whose purpose is to promote public
awareness of the role architecture plays in society, as well as to encourage scholarly architectural
research and to foster innovative design practices.38
In 2012, Travel + Leisure rated the McGill University campus as one of the most beautiful
campuses in the world.39
As of 2014, 74 Montréal buildings were LEED certified: of those, five are rated Platinum, 36 are
rated Gold, and 33 are rated Silver. 144 other buildings are in the process of being certified.40
Montréal's top green buildings:
o TOHU, cité des arts du cirque, is a fine example of green architecture. The pavilion was
built on the second largest urban landfill site in North America.
The Saint-Michel Environmental Complex is located on a former landfill site. The
crater was progressively filled in and covered so as to become the second-largest
public park in Montréal. The park covers 69 hectares of land and will have
expanded to 192 hectares by 2020.41 A sorting centre as well as the TOHU are
located on the site.42
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 3
of close to 28,000, many major world-class festivals, art galleries and venues for alternative art.
The Quartier des spectacles employs 8,500 people in the cultural sector, from training to
distribution and making to producing cultural events.59
318 public art works from the municipal collection are scattered across the island of Montréal; of
these, 252 are displayed outside, and 84 are integrated into architecture. The public art collection
includes sculptures, monuments, busts and contemporary art pieces.60 It is complemented by a
large number of private works of art.
Like New York, London and Paris, Montréal boasts a last-minute ticket office which is a veritable
cultural showcase. From its location called Le 2-22, at the corner of St. Laurent Boulevard and
Sainte-Catherine Street, in the heart of the Quartier des spectacles, La Vitrine offers a one-stop
destination for discovering the city's cultural attractions.61
Montréal’s music offering is extensive and varied. The Orchestre symphonique de Montréal
(OSM), directed by Kent Nagano, has garnered international recognition during its numerous
prestigious tours and recordings. The Opéra de Montréal is renowned for its interpretation of the
most celebrated works in lyrical opera. Additionally, Montréal is home to many other great
orchestras and significant international music festivals.62
Since September 2011, the Orchestre symphonique de Montréal boasts a new concert hall, the
Maison symphonique. Appropriately situated in the Quartier des spectacles, the venue can host
an audience of 1,900 visitors, a choir of 200 singers, and an orchestra of 120 musicians.63 In
addition, since 2014, the Grand Orgue Pierre-Béique has been an integral part of the OSM. The
6500-pipe organ owes its name to the OSM’s founder.64
In May 2005, the City of Montréal inaugurated its Grande Bibliothèque nationale, symbol of a
leading cultural institution. The Grande Bibliothèque nationale welcomes close to 2.5 million
visitors each year, and it has welcomed over 25 million visitors since it opened.65
Approximately 10,000 people visit the Grande Bibliothèque each day, making it the busiest library
in North America and of La Francophonie (the French-speaking countries and communities of the
world).66
In 2013, there was an average of 21.6 shows every evening on the island of Montréal.67
In Montréal’s tourist districts, there is an average of 2.74 movie screens per km2.68
A Hill Strategies report found that, of all Canadian cities, in 2009 Montréal allocated the most
municipal funds to culture. The average investment total for the five cities (Vancouver, Ottawa,
Calgary, Montréal and Toronto) was $35 per person, while in Montréal that figure was $55 per
person.69
In May 2006, The Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity designated Montréal a “UNESCO City of
Design” within the Creative Cities Network. Montréal thus became the first North American city to
become part of UNESCO’s City of Design network after Buenos Aires and Berlin (2005), joining
other cities recognized by UNESCO for excellence in literature, music, gastronomy, cinema, folk
art and digital art. In giving out this award, UNESCO acknowledges the effort and the momentum
of both private and public sectors, the citizens of Montréal and the city’s potential for economic
and social development in the field of design.70
In 2012, the Bell Centre was the busiest venue in North America in terms of shows, and the 11th
busiest in the world. 71 Excluding ticket sales for sporting events, the Bell Centre welcomed
1,026,738 spectators in 2014.72
At the Canadian Music Week Gala in 2011, the Canadian Music and Broadcast Industry honoured
the Montréal International Jazz Festival by naming it Festival of the Year.73
In 2011, Trip Advisor ranked Montréal 18th on its top-20 list of best history and culture
destinations.74
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 5
According to a report produced by the firm Hill Strategies that examined Canada’s most creative
and artistic neighbourhoods (using postal codes as a basis), it appears that of the 10
neighbourhoods with the highest concentration of artists, 5 are in Montréal75 :
o The H2T zone is a creative force, with an artistic concentration of 7.8%. It extends from
Mont-Royal Avenue to Van Horne Avenue (and the railroad tracks) between St-Denis and
Jeanne-Mance streets. It is the “most creative neighbourhood in Canada”, with a
concentration close to 10 times higher than the Canadian average of 0.8%.
o The Plateau Mont-Royal (H2W) has 565 artists out of a total working population of 7,510,
or 7.5% of all employed people on the Plateau. The area is located between des Pins and
Mont-Royal avenues, St-Denis Street and Parc Avenue and neighbours the H2T zone. It
is ranked 2nd in Canada
o The Old Montréal/Old Port area has a 6.0% concentration of artists, and shares 3rd place
in Canada with a Toronto neighbourhood.
o The H2J zone, is next to the Plateau (from Rachel Street to Carrières Street between
Papineau and St-Denis Streets), is 6th, ex aequo with another Toronto neighbourhood
with an artistic concentration of 5.3%.
o The H2V zone (Outremont) has an artistic concentration of 5.2% in its population,
matching ex aequo another Toronto neighbourhood and ranking 8th in Canada.
The 2017 project proposes to bring an ensemble of international conventions in architecture,
design and urban development to Montréal in a series of interrelated conventions. The year 2017
will mark the 50th anniversary of Expo 67, Canada’s 150th and Montréal’s 375th birthdays
respectively.76
CINEMA
Québec produces between 30 and 35 feature-length films per year, 85% of which are filmed in
Greater Montréal.77
Luc Besson, Jean-Pierre Jeunet, Win Wenders, Roland Emmerich, and Steven Spielberg are just
a few of the many filmmakers who have planted their director’s chair in Montréal to take
advantage of its natural landscapes, filming infrastructures, postproduction studios, cutting-edge
visual effect techniques, and financial incentives.78
Feature-length films shot in Montréal include X-Men: Days of Future Past (2013); Life of Pi (2012);
Mirror Mirror (2012); Incendies (2010); Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (2009);
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008); The Spiderwick Chronicles (2008); Lucky Number
Slevin (2006); The Aviator (2004); The Day After Tomorrow (2004); The Terminal (2004); Catch
Me If You Can (2002) and Les Invasions barbares (filmed in 2002- film by Québec director Denys
Arcand, recognized as the best screenplay at the Cannes International Film Festival 2003, winner
of the Oscar for best foreign film at the 2003 Academy Awards and recipient of three Caesars in
2004).79
On average, Montréal secures between 30 to 50 special effects contracts for big-budget movies
per year, each worth approximately 5 to 6 million dollars80 (refer to the Visual and Special Effects
section for more details).
Xavier Dolan, a young Montréal filmmaker, already has four full-length feature films to his credit,
all of which were selected at the Cannes and Venice film festivals. His latest movie, Mommy,
made it into Cannes’ official competition in 2014 and won the Jury Prize.81
Montréal has four giant IMAX screens: at the Montréal Science Centre in the Old Port; at the
Cinéma Banque Scotia on Sainte-Catherine Street; at the Forum, also on Sainte-Catherine Street
and at Marché Central in the north of the island.82
CLIMATE83
The average annual rainfall in Montréal is 784.9 mm.
Montréal receives an average of 210 cm of snow a year.
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 6
Montréal’s heaviest snowstorm occurred on March 4, 1971 when 43.2 cm of snow fell on the city.
A total of 383.3 cm of snow, the heaviest snowfall ever recorded, blanketed Montréal during the
winter of 1970-1971.
With a mere 93.1 cm of snow, the winter of 1979-1980 set the record for the least amount of snow
to fall in an entire season.
January 15, 1957 was the coldest day ever recorded in Montréal when the temperature dipped to
–37.8ºC.
With the mercury soaring to 37.6ºC, August 1, 1975 was the hottest day ever recorded in
Montréal.
Between January 5 and 9, 1998, Montréal experienced the worst ice storm in its history when
100 mm of freezing rain fell on the city. Nearly 3.5 million people, or half the province of Québec,
were left without electricity in some cases for up to 33 days, and over $1.1 billion dollars in
insurance claims were filed.
Average monthly temperatures are as follows:
January -10.2 oC 13.6 oF
February -8.4 oC 16.9 oF
March -2.3 oC 27.9 oF
April 5.7 oC 42.3 oF
May 13.4 oC 56.1 oF
June 18.2 oC 64.8 oF
July 20.9 oC 79.6 oF
August 19.6 oC 67.3 oF
September 14.6 oC 58.3 oF
October 8.1 oC 46.6 oF
November 1.6 oC 34.9 oF
December -6.3 oC 20.7 oF
In 2014, French travel site Skycanner.fr ranked Montréal 4th in its list of cities across the world to
visit in the fall, owing to its red maple leaves and Indian summer.84
CONVENTIONS
In 2014, for the second consecutive year, Country and City rankings 2013 listed Montréal as the
third best city in North America and the 30th best city worldwide for hosting international
association events. Over 350 cities competed for these rankings, created by the International
Congress and Convention Association (ICCA).85
For the third consecutive year, Montréal is the top-ranking city for hosting international
conferences in America, according to the Union of International Association’s (UIA) International
Meeting Statistics for the Year 2013.86
Montréal’s Palais des congrès was among the finalists for the prestigious World’s Best Congress
Centre award in 2014.87
CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
According to the study led by Innovation Cities, in 2014, Montréal was the 10th most innovative
American city and the 36st most innovative city in the world.88
In May 2006, the Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity designated Montréal a UNESCO City of
Design as part of its Creative Cities Network, making Montréal the first North American city to join
the UNESCO City of Design network.89
Montréal stands out among other creative cities because of the innovation resulting from the
synergy between sectors.90
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 7
In May 2013, the Quartier de l’innovation (Innovation district) was officially launched by the École
de technologie supérieure and McGill University. The QI is a genuine living laboratory fostering
collaboration between researchers, companies, citizens as well as social and cultural
organizations to enhance Montréal’s potential for creativity and innovation.91
In May 2014, for the third consecutive year, Montréal hosted C2-MTL. The event’s aim is to
engage local and international business leaders by providing an immersive environment that
fosters collaboration and the emergence of new business solutions.92
In 2012, Montréal creativity and talent were in the spotlight once more at Barcelona's Mercè
Festival, notably due to a large-scale multimedia show produced by Moment Factory, titled
“Montréal signe l’Ode à la vie.” The Montréal-based studio lit up the facade of the Sagrada Familia
church with video projections, and the show won a Grand Prize at the 2013 Grafika Awards. A
delegation of Montréal organizations was on the spot, including Piknic Électronik, folk music group
Le Vent du Nord, and Cirque Éloize.93
In 2012, the Société des arts technologiques (SAT) and Sainte-Justine Hospital officially
inaugurated Living lab SAT/CHU Sainte-Justine, which includes a hospital room for children
located at the SAT and dedicated to researching and developing new therapeutic approaches.
The goal of this transdisciplinary project is to develop new uses for technological arts in the health
sector.94
Since its launch in 2001, Montréal's Moment Factory has created over 300 shows around the
world for clients such as Cirque du Soleil, Disney, Nine Inch Nails, Céline Dion, Microsoft,
Montréal's Quartier des Spectacles and Madonna.95
BIXI, Montréal’s self-serve bicycle rental service, was ranked 19th in Time Magazine’s list of the
best inventions of 2008. In addition, BIXI received the Gold award for the best product of 2009 in
the Energy and Sustainability category of the prestigious Edison Best New Products Awards.96
In 2007, Stationnement de Montréal's innovative Pay & Go system won the prestigious Award of
Merit from the International Parking Institute in the Innovation in a Parking Operation category.97
In March 2014, the Smart and Digital City office was created to make Montréal a world-wide
leader among smart and digital cities.98
Montréal was one of the semi-finalists in the Intelligent Community of the Year 2014 competition,
which highlights the performance of urban centres using technology to optimize services for
citizens.99
CULTURAL DIVERSITY100 101
Just over one in 3 Montréalers is an immigrant. In fact, the 2011 National Household Survey
revealed that there were approximately 610,000 immigrants on the island of Montréal, or 33% of
the population, compared to 31% in the 2006 census. In 2011, the immigrant population of the
Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) was 23%.
The five main countries of birth of recent immigrants of Montréal’s CMA are Algeria, Morocco,
Haiti, France, and China. The total population from these countries accounts for 37% of the
CMA’s recent immigrants.
Catholicism, Islam, Orthodox Christianity, Judaism, and Buddhism, in that order, are the most
commonly practiced religions in the Montréal area. Christians represent 74% of the population of
Montréal’s CMA.
According to the 2011 census, visible minorities make up 30% of the Montréal Island's population.
Blacks are the largest visible minority at 28%, with Arabs second at 20%.
Montréal's very first Saint Patrick’s Day Parade was held in 1824. 102 According to the 2011
census, an estimated 223,000 Montréalers in the city’s CMA are of Irish descent.
Montréal is home to the largest Arab community in Canada. According to the 2011 National
Household Survey, more than 150,000 people from the visible Arab minority live in the region,
which represents 39.5% of Canada’s entire Arab population, 4.0% of Montréal’s population and
19.7% of Montréal’s entire population of visible minorities.
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 8
Over 120 ethnic groups are represented in the Metropolitan Montréal area.103
According to the 2011 census, the principal countries of origin of immigrants to the Metropolitan
Montréal Area are:
o Italy (7.4%)
o Haiti (7.4%)
o Algeria (5.5%)
o Morocco (5.3%)
o France (5.0%)
o China (4.6%)
The boroughs and re-merged municipalities in Montréal where cultural communities most often
live are:
o Saint-Laurent: 52.4% of the population are immigrants;
o Côte-des-Neiges, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce: 47.7%;
o Saint-Léonard: 46.3%;
o Côte-Saint-Luc: 45.9%;
o Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension: 43.9%.104
DOWNTOWN
Saint-Catherine Street measures a full 11 km in length.105
The City of Montréal is currently planning a major project to replace the underground
infrastructures of Saint-Catherine Street West (between Atwater and De Bleury), which have been
in use for over a century. The first phase of the work should begin by 2016.106
A 2012 study by Agence Présence, a Paris-based communications agency, has placed Saint-
Catherine Street 25th out of the 30 most beautiful avenues in the world, beating out New York's
famed Fifth Avenue that placed 26th in that ranking. The assessment was based on four criteria:
atmosphere of the avenue, interactions with passers-by, appearance of the sales outlet and
quality of service by sales assistants.107
Nine metro (subway) stations are located along Sainte-Catherine, allowing visitors to discover
much of this famous street and downtown Montréal.108
More than 160,000 vehicles park downtown each day.109
There are 8,379 paid parking spaces (parking meters) along the streets of downtown (borough of
Ville-Marie), with 407 spaces available at an hourly rate of $1. The hourly rate of the remaining
7,972 spaces is $3 per hour.110
In 2015, downtown Montréal offers 11,290 hotel rooms.111
Downtown Montréal boasts 58 movie screens.112
The borough of Ville-Marie, also known as downtown Montréal, has 129 parks and mini-parks in
its territory.113
ECONOMY
From an economic standpoint, Montréal ranks second in Canada, just behind Toronto.114
Among the 20 largest metropolises in North America, Montréal ranks 1st in terms of competitive
operating costs.115
In 2013, Greater Montréal was placed 2nd in North America in terms of offering companies of all
business sectors the most competitive tax rates.116
In 2013, 52,612 companies or establishments (all sectors combined) operated on the territory of
the Montréal agglomeration. 69% of these companies employ under 10 people; 653 of them
employ over 200 people, and 13% of them are related to the retail sector.117
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 9
In 2012, an Economist Intelligence Unit study entitled Hot Spots ranked Montréal the 22nd most
competitive world city. The study compared 120 of the largest urban centres in 8 different
categories based on 31 indicators. Although Montréal placed 22nd overall, it did stand out in some
of the categories: 1st in Environment and Natural Hazards category, 7th in Institutional
Effectiveness and 16th for its Social and Cultural Character and Quality of Life.118
According to a 2012 UBS study, out of 72 world cities, Montréal ranks 28th in terms of its citizens'
purchasing power.119
According to a study conducted in 2014 by Mercer Human Resource Consulting, among large
international metropolises, Montréal has one of the lowest costs of living: out of 211 cities,
Montréal is the 123rd most expensive city. In fact, Greater Montréal enjoys an enviable position
thanks to its stable inflation rate. The healthcare system in Québec is free, as it is based on the
principle of universality, as is education from elementary up to and including college, in both
English and French.120
In Montréal, there are over 3,000 financial companies (banking, insurance, securities, pension
funds, financial advice and fund management). Montréal’s financial sector employs 100,000
people and 25,000 financiers and represents 6.2% of the city’s gross domestic product. There are
5,200 finance students and 1,300 graduates each year in Montréal, and the city has over 30
research units dedicated to such areas as financial derivatives, retirement plan administration or
financial engineering.121
According to Long Finance and Z/Yen Group, two London firms, Montréal ranked 16th in the 2014
Global Financial Centres Index.122
In 2012, venture capital investments in Montréal totalled $409 million, making Montréal the
number two Canadian city.123
According to Red Herring, a California magazine specialising in the technology sector, in 2009 the
Solidarity Fund QFL headquartered in Montréal was among the Top 100 venture capital
investment firms in the world.124
A study conducted by the Boston Consulting Group ranked Montréal 21st among world cities in
terms of attracting talent. The study surveyed 203,000 people, who indicated the 5 cities where
they would consider living.125
EDUCATION
Montréal is home to 11 institutions of higher learning, including six major universities:
Université de Montréal (French)
Université du Québec à Montréal (French)
McGill University (English)
Concordia University (English)
TÉLUQ (remote learning university);
Université de Sherbrooke –Longueuil Campus.
o Three management and public administration institutions:
HEC Montréal, a business school affiliated with the Université de Montréal.
École nationale d'administration publique (ENAP), affiliated with the Université du
Québec.
The École des sciences de la gestion of the Université du Québec à Montréal.
o Three engineering and scientific research establishments
École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS)
École Polytechnique de Montréal
Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)
According to the QS Best Student Cities index of 2013, Montréal ranks as the top university city in
Canada, the 2nd best in North America and the 10th best in the world.126
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 10
o In the fall of 2013, 187,038 students were enrolled in universities in Montréal. The fields of
study with the highest number of students enrolled were business administration sciences
(20%), humanities (20%) and applied sciences (16%).127
Montréal ranks first in Canada for the number of university degrees awarded to all students. The
city boasts over 40,000 graduates each year.128
o In 2013, 47,167 university degrees were awarded in the Greater Montréal area.129
In 2014-2015, McGill University ranked 39th among the top 400 universities in the world, according
to Times Higher Education-QS. The university also ranked 20th overall in clinical, pre-clinical and
health-care sciences.130
In 2011, HEC Montréal’s intensive MBA program was listed as the 12th best MBA program outside
of the United States according to Forbes magazine. HEC Montréal was the only Canadian school
included in the magazine’s ranking.131
Montréal is the university research capital of Canada. In 2010, it ranked number one in Canada
for money invested in university research.132
There are 12 public colleges (CEGEPs) in the Montréal region: 9 French and 3 English. In the fall
of 2013, there was a total of 64,273 full-time students enrolled in those institutions, 22,286 of
which were in the English network.133
There are 5 school boards on the Island of Montréal: 3 French and 2 English. For the 2013-2014
school year, there were 142,285 and 37,414 students enrolled, respectively.134
For the 2013-2014 school year, the total number of students in the Montréal region's public and
private school networks was 111,321 at the primary level, and 97,107 at the secondary level.135
In 2011, 80.5% of the population of Montréal’s CMA has at least one diploma. This represents
over 2.5 million people:
o 22% of the population of Greater Montréal aged 15 and up has a high school diploma;
o 16.4% of the population has a certificate from a college, CEGEP or another non-university
institution;
o 14.6% of the population has a bachelor’s degree;
o 8.9% of the population has an academic certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor
level.136
FASHION
Montréal’s fashion industry, which represents some 50,000 jobs, is one of the third main fashion
production centres in North America, along with Los Angeles and New York.137
The North American Fur and Fashion Exposition in Montréal (NAFFEM) is the largest trade show
of its kind on the continent and the only exhibition of high-end furs and winter fashion in North
America. The exhibition, which is also one of the most prestigious marketing events of the fur
industry in the world, is organized every year by the Canadian Fur Trade Development Institute
(CFTDI).138
Originally an important fur trade centre, today Montréal is still the fur capital of Canada, where
over 80% of all fur products are manufactured and where this historic and noble industry
flourishes to this day.139
Created in 1999, Sensation Mode organizes the Montréal Fashion and Design Festival, which will
celebrate its 15th anniversary in 2015. It is to the credit of this innovative festival, the most
important outdoor fashion event in North America, that Montréal has become one of North
America’s premier fashion and design centres. Every year, the festival brings together designers
from here and abroad, singer-songwriters and performing artists to celebrate Montréal’s legendary
passion for fashion.140
Montréal is home to a dozen fashion, design and textile training schools. Over 1,800 students are
registered in these programs each year.141
Fashion could soon be represented by an industrial cluster in Montréal.142
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 11
FUN AND PLEASURE IN MONTRÉAL
In 2012, Lonely Planet's Best in Travel 2013 guide placed Montréal among its Top Ten Cities,
citing the unique Montréal way of life and the famed "joie de vivre" travellers will experience.143
In 2011, Lonely Planet placed Montréal 3rd among its Best Summer Cities.144
In 2014, the MONTRÉAL EN LUMIÈRE festival was listed in National Geographic’s Best Winter
Trips 2015.145
For Montréalers, the weekend often begins on Thursday night with the traditional happy hour!
In 2009, Montréal was ranked second in the Lonely Planet travel guide’s list of best party cities,
behind Belgrade in Serbia. The guide praises the city’s many nightclubs, jazz clubs and the Just
For Laughs Festival.146
In 2009, Montréalers spent an average of 11.5% of the household budget on food, or 1.2
percentage points more than the Canadian average.147
GEOGRAPHY148
Montréal is located at 73o west longitude and 45o north latitude, just like Venice, Geneva, Lyon
and Milan.
The Island of Montréal covers a total surface area of 500 km2.
As the crow flies, the island of Montréal is 50 kilometres long and 16 kilometres wide.
Montréal’s altitude is 17 metres above sea level.
The total length of the banks of the Island of Montréal is 267 kilometres.
The territory of the Montréal agglomeration has 75 islands, while the CMA is made up of more
than 380 islands.
The Saint Lawrence River ranks as the 17th largest waterway in the world.149
HEALTHCARE AND SERVICES
There are currently 42 public health institutions and 38 private institutions on the Island of
Montréal. These are150:
Institution Type Number of Institutions
Public Private Total
Childhood and Youth Protection Centres 20 2
13
Local Community Service Centres 12 1 29
55
Hospitals 25 4 17
Long-Term Care Facilities 27 28
Rehabilitation Centres 11 6
Note: Establishments with more than one mission type are counted several times in the list.
Source: Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux du Québec, November 25, 2014
Montréal has the greatest number of beds available in the province of Québec: 7,441 for general
and specialized care (short-term care) and 16,147 for long-term care.151
The Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM) and the McGill University Health
Centre (MUHC) are under construction. In the spring of 2015, patients will be moved to the new
MUHC in the West Island.152 The first phase of the CHUM complex will be completed in the heart
of the future Health District in the spring of 2016.153
Between 2009 and 2011, the life expectancy at birth of Montréal women was 83.7 years and 79.2
years for Montréal men.154
Montréal is one of the leading Canadian cities for fruit and vegetable consumption. In 2013, 44.4%
of Montréalers ate 5 or more fruits or vegetables per day. In comparison, only 38.6% of
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 12
Torontonians consumed that amount of fruit and veggies each day, and only 39.7% of
Vancouverites did so.155
In 2013, 22.5% of Montréalers smoked daily or occasionally. In 2006, a law was passed that
prohibited smoking in Québec's restaurants and bars.156, 157
HOUSING
In October 2013, Montréal’s vacancy rate was at 2.8%, compared to the Québec provincial rate of
3.1 % (10,000 residents or more).158
In 2012, housing is 20% cheaper in Montréal than in Toronto or Vancouver.159
In 2011, there were 907,393 private inhabited dwellings on the island of Montréal.160
According to the 2011 census, 45% of dwellings on the island of Montréal are occupied by
tenants, versus 55% by owners. The number of homeowners, however, has increased by 7%
between 2006 and 2011. This difference is due in part to Montréal’s affordable rents.161
RealNet Canada figures for 2012 show that Montréal is the second most active North American
city in terms of condo construction.162
In December 2015, construction began on 19,689 homes in Montréal.163
The highest percentage of tenant dwellings is in the downtown area (borough of Ville-Marie), at
74%.164
In 2011, 84,013 residents lived in Montréal’s Business district (borough of Ville-Marie).165
According to the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Montréal has one of the lowest
monthly rents in Canada. In 2013, the average monthly rent for a two-bedroom apartment in
Montréal was $730 per month, significantly lower than the Canadian average of $919 per month,
the Toronto average of $1,213 per month and the Vancouver average of $1,281 per month.166
On average, Montréal households allotted 21% of their budget to housing in 2014, which
represents an annual expense of $13,776.167
There is an average of 2.3 people per dwelling in the CMA of Montréal (census 2011).168
July 1st is an important date for Montréalers: it is dedicated to moving. Each year, nearly 200,000
households in Québec choose to move on this date, 100,000 of which are Montréal
households.169,170 This tradition most likely comes to us from Scotland, where every year on
May 1st people were allowed to “break” their lease in order to find a new home. Scottish
immigrants continued this tradition when they settled in Québec. Moving day was eventually
changed to July 1st to avoid disturbing the children’s school year.171
In 2006, 183,360 Montréal residents moved, while staying on the island. According to
Statistics Canada, about 115,000 moves take place in Montréal each year. In 2006, 14.7% of the
Montréal population had moved the previous year.172
INDUSTRY
Montréal has the largest bilingual labour force in Canada; over 50% of the population is
bilingual.173
Montréal has a stable and highly qualified labour force: according to the 2006 census,
approximately 56% of Montréalers in the CMA of Montréal aged 15 and up have a post-secondary
diploma and about 27% are university graduates.174
Montréal ranks 7th in North America for its concentration of jobs in the high-tech sector (that is,
the number of high technology jobs available versus the total employment in the region), ahead of
Toronto, Minneapolis and Phoenix.175
Among the major cities in North America and G7 countries, the Montréal region offers the most
competitive operating costs for companies.176 In 2013, the city ranked 2nd among the 20 largest
North-American cities in terms of the competitiveness of corporate taxes, all sectors combined.177
In 2014, KPMG’s Competitive Alternatives guide shows that Montréal’s operating costs, all sectors
combined, are 8.0% lower than those of the United States. This places the city ahead of 33 major
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 13
Canadian and American cities with a population of over 2 million people. In 2014, Montréal’s cost
advantage jumped from 5.2% in 2012 to 8.0% in 2014, which is due in part to the decline in the
Canadian dollar.178
Research and Development:
o In 2010, Montréal ranked number one in Canada with regards to funds invested in
sponsored university research.179
o Montréal also ranks number one in Canada in terms of sums invested in university
research.180 In 2012, Montréal's largest universities managed a total of over $1.2 billion in
research funds.181
o Montréal is also the Canadian city with the most university researchers.182 In 2012, the
city had a total of 5,848 researchers throughout all of its universities.183
o With over 200 research centres and more than 1,500 institutions active in research and
development, in 2010, the agglomeration of Montréal was home to the largest research
complex in Canada.184
High-tech sectors:
In 2012, 7.2% of Montréal’s workforce is employed in high tech sectors. This rate
is comparable to those of San Diego and Dallas.185
o Life Sciences and Health Technology (LSHT):
In Metropolitan Montréal, more than 42,000 people are employed in the life
sciences sector in 600 different organizations, including some 300 public and
para-governmental research organizations; these organizations alone employ
over 12,000 researchers and professionals.186
Montréal ranks 6th among North-American cities for its concentration of
employment in the LSHT sector, with over 45,000 jobs in this sector.
Montréal is one of the rare regions in the world that boasts two of the 100 best
universities in the world.
Montréal offers a cost advantage of more than 14% in the LSHT sector,
compared with major competing cities.
o Aerospace Industry:
Montréal is reputed for its expertise in the aerospace industry. The city is
particularly renowned for manufacturing, refurbishing and repairing airplane
engines, as well as for its expertise in avionics and landing gear.187
Montréal ranks second among the world’s aerospace capitals in terms of density
of employment. The city has over 43,500 workers employed by 215 companies.188
Montréal is Canada’s number one aerospace hub. 70% of the country’s research
and development, 55% of its sales and 50% of its workforce are concentrated in
the region. This sector represents an annual income of 12 billion dollars, and 80%
of its production is intended for export.189
The Montréal region is one of the few places in the world where almost all the
parts of an airplane are available within a 30-kilometre radius.190
Some of the most important international aerospace organizations are
headquartered in Montréal, including The International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO), the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the International
Business Aviation Council (IBAC).191
In 2012, Greater Montréal ranked 2nd among North-American cities specializing in
aerospace for the competitiveness of its total operating costs.192
o Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)193:
In 2013, Greater Montréal ranked 3rd among major North-American cities for its
concentration of employment in the Information and Communication
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 14
Technologies sector. This is an exceptionally dynamic sector, as it experienced a
4% increase between 2008 and 2009 despite the global economic downturn.
Between 2002 and 2012, the gross domestic product of the ICTs sector increased
by 25%, reaching nearly 10 billion dollars in 2012.
Some 5,000 private companies are located on the territory. Among these, 400 are
under foreign ownership. In total, over 90,000 people are employed in this sector
in Montréal, which represents over 8% of Montréal’s workforce.
Greater Montréal offers the most competitive operating costs in North America in
this sector.
LANGUAGE
Montréal is the only francophone metropolis in North America.194
Montréal is one of the rare cities in the world to be bilingual. Two major languages of
communication are used: English and French.195
According to the 2011 census, 63.3% of the CMA of Montréal population is made up of native
French speakers; 11.6% of residents have English as their mother tongue, and 25.1% are
allophones.196
Also according to the 2011 census, 53.3% of Montréalers (CMA) are fluent in both French and
English, representing the largest bilingual population in Canada. In comparison, only 7.6% of the
population of Toronto speaks both French and English.197
In 2006, approximately 17.3% of the population was fluent in a third language.198
In all, close to 80 languages are spoken in the Montréal region. According to the 2011 census, the
most common languages are, in order: French, English, Spanish, Arabic, Italian, Chinese and
Romanian.199
MARINE TRANSPORT
As the international port closest to North America's industrial heartland, the Port of Montréal is the
busiest container port on the Eastern seaboard.200
The Port of Montréal is 1,600 kilometres from the Atlantic Ocean and has been open year round
since January 4th, 1964.201
Every year, the Port of Montréal welcomes thousands of cruise ship passengers at its Iberville
marine terminal. In 2014, a total of 71,039 passengers, including 14,573 crew members, set foot
on the Port.202
Every year, a Gold-Headed Cane is presented to the captain of the first ocean liner of the year to
reach port without a stopover. The tradition dates back to sometime around 1840. Until
approximately 1880, the prize offered was a top hat.203
In 2013, the Port of Montréal received the Most Efficient Port Services award from the prestigious
Cruise Insight magazine.204
In 2012, the Port of Montréal received four awards:
o For the first time, the Port of Montréal won the Most Responsive Port award, which
recognizes ports that respond the fastest and most efficiently to requests from cruise
shipping lines;
o For the third consecutive year, it also won the Best Turnaround Destination award, which
recognizes cruise destinations that offer passengers a superior welcome;
o For the second consecutive year, it won the Most Efficient Terminal Operator award,
which recognizes the most efficiently managed and operated cruise terminals; and,
o For a third year (2008, 2009 and 2011), it won the Best Turnaround Port Operations
award, which recognizes ports that stand out for the excellence of their cruise
infrastructure.205
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 15
MEDIA206
Montréal has four daily newspapers: three in French—La Presse, Le Devoir and Le Journal de
Montréal—and one in English—The Gazette, one of the oldest English-language newspapers in
North America.
There are also two free dailies, distributed from Monday to Friday, in Montréal: Métro, which is
available in close to 20 countries and its competitor, 24 Heures.
28 radio stations, including 9 in English and 4 in other languages, broadcast from the greater
Montréal area.
Several news agencies, including Agence France-Presse (AFP), and The Canadian Press, have
offices in Montréal.207
Between January 1st, 2014 and October 1st, 2014, Montréal was the number one Québec tourist
destination that received the most publicity abroad. 58% of the media coverage on Québec
tourism is dedicated to the Montréal area alone.208
MONTRÉAL, INTERNATIONAL CITY
Montréal, international city, is:
o 70 international organizations209
o 2nd most important consular city in North America, with 85 consulates general210
o 20,000 foreign university students211
o Over 120 ethnocultural communities212
o More than 2,000 subsidiaries of foreign companies213.
Montréal attracts more foreign students than any other Canadian city.214
The Quartier international is a new urban space that was created in 2004 through a partnership
between the private and public sectors. The project represents an investment of over $90 million
and accounts for over 80% of employees in international organizations. This area is home to
Montréal’s Convention Centre (Palais des congrès) and to the headquarters of the Caisse de
dépot et placement du Québec.215
Montréal is the civil aviation capital of Canada.216 The fact that it is home to the head offices of
three international organizations—the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the
International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the Société internationale des
telecommunications aéronautiques (SITA)—serves to consolidate its leadership position in that
regard. With ICAO, Montréal is the only Canadian city that is home to the head offices of a UN
organization.217
Founded by the World Tourism Organization (WTO), a United Nations agency, the World Centre
of Excellence for Destinations opened in Montréal in 2007. The mission of this organization is to
research and create tools to promote sustainable tourism development for destinations around the
world.218
The Global Campaign for Climate Action (GCCA) brings together over twenty of the most
important organizations from international civil society, including OXFAM, Greepeace and the
WWF. Its Secretariat was established in Montréal in 2009.219
Montréal has more than one hundred International Finance Centres (IFCs). Financial groups from
the United States, France, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Greece, Tunisia, Lebanon and
Canada hold IFC certification.220
In 2014, Montréal was ranked as the 10th most famous city in the world, according to a survey
conducted by Forbes and the Reputation Institute.221
NEIGHBOURHOODS AND BOROUGHS
On June 20, 2004, the referendum on the mergers and demergers of the different cities that make
up Montréal took place. On January 1, 2006, as prescribed by the Act respecting the consultation
of citizens with respect to the territorial reorganization of certain municipalities (adopted by the
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 16
National Assembly on December 18, 2003) and subsequent to the referendums of June 2004, 15
former suburbs on the Island of Montréal were reconstituted. 222
The City of Montréal is comprised of 19 boroughs223:
o Ahuntsic-Cartierville
o Anjou
o Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce
o Lachine
o LaSalle
o Le Plateau-Mont-Royal
o Le Sud-Ouest
o L’Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève
o Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
o Montréal-Nord
o Outremont
o Pierrefonds-Roxboro
o Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles
o Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie
o Saint-Laurent
o Saint-Léonard
o Verdun
o Ville-Marie
o Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension
The island of Montréal (Montréal agglomeration) is made up of the city of Montréal and of these
15 re-merged municipalities224:
o Baie-d’Urfé
o Beaconsfield
o Côte-Saint-Luc
o Dollard-des-Ormeaux
o Dorval
o Hampstead
o Kirkland
o L’Île-Dorval
o Montréal-Est
o Montréal-Ouest
o Mont-Royal
o Pointe-Claire
o Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue
o Senneville
o Westmount
The main tourist districts of the Island of Montréal are225:
o Downtown
o Old Montréal/ Old Port
o Parc Jean-Drapeau
o Mount Royal and surrounding area
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 17
o Plateau Mont-Royal
o Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
o Little Italy
o The Village
o Pôle des Rapides
o West Island
o The surrounding area
NIGHTLIFE
Montréal is Canada’s nightlife capital. In 2012, Statistics Canada revealed that, of all major
Canadian cities, Montréal remains the most popular urban destination with foreign tourists for
going out to bars and/or nightclubs. In fact, 33.5% of foreign tourists visit a bar and/or nightclub
when they come to Montréal, placing the city ahead of Québec City (32.1%), Toronto (25.2%) and
Vancouver (23.2%).226
In November 2014, in Montréal’s tourist districts, there were 170 bars, or an average of 7.5 bars
per km2.227 In 2013, 97% of tourists who visited Montréal for pleasure, for two nights or more,
declared themselves satisfied with the variety of bars and nightclubs they found here228.
Montréal’s nightlife has a lot to offer. From microbreweries to discotheques, and cigar lounges to
electronic music clubs, not to mention the city’s traditional terraces, Montréal has something for
everyone.
Bars are open till 3 o’clock in the morning, but several after-hour clubs (without alcohol) stay open
all night long so partygoers can dance the night away!
It’s in five different neighbourhoods, each unique in its own way, that Montréal’s nightlife is at its
most intense:
o The Plateau Mont-Royal: The lively stomping grounds of artists and non-conformists,
young urban professionals and intellectuals, the Plateau is Montréal’s hippest and most
creative neighbourhood. Its cafés, bistros, bars and restaurants abound with a motley
crew of patrons that move to the beat of the latest trends. The area offers nearly 70
bars/bistros and 500 restaurants, most of which are located around Mont-Royal
Avenue.229
o The Quartier Latin: In the early 19th century, Montréal’s francophone bourgeoisie first
established itself in the Quartier Latin. Today, as home to the Université du Québec à
Montréal (UQAM), the Collège du Vieux-Montréal and a number of major cultural
institutions, the neighbourhood vibrates with the vitality of student life. The area boasts
some 15 different spots where friends and colleagues can meet for a drink in a casual
atmosphere.
o The Village: Gay-friendly doesn’t begin to describe Montréal, a city founded on cultural
diversity where different lifestyles are not only accepted, but nurtured. Naturally, Montréal
is home to one of the largest gay communities in the world. And visitors here will always
feel safe and respected. The Village is a very animated district that boasts some 35 bars
to party at. Gay or straight, you’ll always be welcome in the Village!
o Crescent Street: This festive street, between René-Lévesque and Maisonneuve
boulevards, is home to an array of festivals, events and street shows. Crescent is
legendary for its “terrasses”, trendy restaurants, gourmet cuisine and its nightlife. Patrons
can choose from several lively restaurants and discotheques, trendy Irish pubs and a little
over 25 bars.
o Saint-Laurent Boulevard: The Montréal “Main” is where it’s at. With more than 60 bars,
resto-bars, discotheques and lounges between Sherbrooke Street and Mont-Royal
Avenue, St-Laurent Boulevard is another of Montréal’s nightlife hot spots.
o McGill Street: A magnificent stretch of heritage and style located in the west-end of Old
Montréal, McGill Street is lined with magnificent institutional and office buildings, trendy
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 18
hotels (W and the Hôtel St-Paul) and some 40 boutiques, restaurants, and bars – some
even with terraces in the summer. In fact, McGill Street has welcomed a multitude of chic
new restaurants and bars in the last few years, making it one of the most popular nightlife
venues for Montréalers.
A number of other Montréal neighbourhoods – Villeray, Petite-Patrie, Rosemont, Griffintown, Little
Italy and Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, among others – also boast a number of hip watering holes.
However, as these lively bars are off the beaten tracks, they attract a mostly local crowd.
In November 2014, the Montréal agglomeration had a total of 3,900 restaurants and 430 bars,
taverns and breweries, which employed a total of 52,800 people.230
In 2014, Montréal was tied for 5th place in CNN’s top 10 nightlife cities, along with Barcelona and
London. 231
POPULATION232
In 2011, the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) of Montréal recorded 3,824,211 residents, making it
the 2nd largest CMA in Canada after Toronto.
In 2013, the population of the Montréal agglomeration (island) was 1,959,987, an increase of 1%
over 2012.
The population of the city of Montréal was 1,649,519 residents in 2011, an increase of 1.8% over
2006.
In 2011, close to half of Québec’s population (48%) lived in the Montréal CMA. As for the island of
Montréal, it is home to 23% of Québec households.
PUBLIC SAFETY
The low homicide rate and decrease in violent crimes in Montréal make the city one of the safest
metropolises in North America. In 2012, there were 1.2 homicides per 100,000 residents in
Montréal, compared with 1.4 in Toronto and 1.5 in Vancouver.233 As for the United States, in 2009,
there were 5.6 homicides per 100,000 residents in New York and 16.1 in Chicago.234
The number of homicides in the metropolitan region stood at 28 in 2013 and declined by 20%,
compared to 2012. This is the city’s lowest rate since 1967.235
Number of homicides from 2002 to 2013
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
47 42 41 35 43 42 29 31 37 35 35 28
The rate of hate crimes is also one of the lowest among Canada’s 10 major cities. In 2012, 2 hate
crimes per 100,000 people were reported in Montréal, compared to 5 in Toronto and 5 in
Vancouver.236
The Montréal metro system is one of the safest in the world. This is due in part to the presence of
over 100 police officers who patrol the metro and bus network every day, 24 hours a day, seven
days a week.237
In all, 95,345 criminal offences were reported in Montréal in 2013, a decrease of 24.9% since
2009.238
In 2013, crimes against a person decreased by 20.9% since 2009. During the same period,
crimes against property decreased by 27.3%.239
QUALITY OF LIFE
In 2015, The Economist ranked Montreal as the second best place in the world to live. The ratings
used an index of indexes, including safety, cost of living, business, and democracy. 240
A Léger Marketing poll conducted in 2011 found that, out of all Canadians, Montréalers are the
most appreciative of their city's quality of life.241
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 19
In 2010, Montréal ranked 2nd in Lonely Planet’s list of the World’s 10 Happiest Places.242
The quality of life that Montréal offers is recognized internationally. In 2014, Montréal was ranked
23rd out of 223 world cities in a quality of life survey conducted by Mercer Human Resources
Consulting. The results of the survey take into account 39 quality of life determinants, specifically
the political, economic and sociocultural factors, the environment, public services, transportation
and entertainment.243
Montréal placed 24th in British magazine Monocle's 2012 ranking of the world's most liveable
cities.244
In 2012, the UN ranked Canada 11th in the world on the Human Development Index (HDI). The
index is based on three main indicators: life expectancy, access to education and standard of
living.245
According to the Union des Banques Suisses (UBS) in 2012, Montréalers have an average of 13
paid days off per year.246
While US employers are not obliged to grant paid holidays to their employees, Québec employees
have the right to a minimum of two paid weeks of vacation per year.247
According to the Union des Banques Suisses (UBS) in 2012, Montréalers worked an average of
1,783 hours per year, less than the international average of 1,915 hours per year.248
The city of Montréal boasts a network of 19 major parks for a total of 2,000 hectares of green
space. A favourite spot for relaxing and playing, these parks are great for recreational,
educational, cultural, sports and outdoor activities as well as a great venue for major public
events.249
The borough of Ville-Marie alone has and is responsible for the maintenance of 129 parks, mini
parks and green spaces which contribute to the quality of life of its citizens. There are some
112,000 trees growing in these green spaces, of which 104,000 are located in Mount Royal
Park.250
According to Walk Score, Montréal is Canada's 3rd most walkable city.251
In 2014, according to the Rough Guides tourist site, Montréal was ranked as the third friendliest
city in the world, after Dublin in second, and Glasgow in first place.252
RELIGIOUS PATRIMONY
Montréal is home to close to 500 places of worship built before 1975, Roman Catholic and
Protestant for the most part, but also Jewish, Islamic, and Buddhist, among others.253
Notre-Dame Basilica:
o Montréal’s first parish church was built in 1672.254
o A new church was erected south of this first church between 1824 and 1829. In 1830, the
original church was destroyed, opening up space for the Place d’Armes.255
o The church was raised to the rank of a minor basilica in 1982.256
o The basilica has long been the largest house of worship in North America, all faiths
combined.257
o The Notre-Dame-des-Neiges cemetery is affiliated with the Notre-Dame Basilica. Located
on Mount Royal, it is the largest in Canada and third largest in North America.258
Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral-Basilica:
o The seat of the Roman-Catholic archdiocese in Montréal;259
o The third largest church in Québec;260
o Is a scale model of Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome;261
o Constructed between 1870 and1894.262
Saint Joseph’s Oratory:
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 20
o Saint Joseph’s Oratory was founded in 1904 by Brother André and was originally a small
chapel. After several additions and expansions, the basilica was inaugurated in 1967.263
It has a seating capacity of 2,200.264
o The basilica’s dome is the third largest of its kind after Our Lady of Peace of
Yamoussoukro (Ivory Coast) and Saint Peter’s Basilica (Rome).265
o It is the largest church in Canada.266
o The basilica welcomed Pope Jean-Paul II in 1984, Mother Teresa in 1988 and the Dalaï
Lama in 1993.267
o It is the most important pilgrimage site dedicated to Saint Joseph.
o The Oratory receives over 1.5 million visitors per year.268
o There are 283 steps from the square in front of the basilica to the street, 99 of which are
made of wood and are reserved for prayer; they are also used by pilgrims who wish to
make the ascent on their knees.269
o The Saint Joseph’s Oratory set of bells includes 56 bronze bells and is one of the largest
sets in North America.270
Brother André was declared venerable in 1978, was beatified in 1982, and was formally
canonized in October 2010. He is the second well-known Québécois saint after Sainte Marguerite
d’Youville. Eight Canadian martyrs, of which six were Jesuit priests, as well as Marguerite
Bourgeoys, all born in France and died in Canada, were canonized before Brother André. Brother
André (André Bessette) was born in 1845 and died in 1937. Hundreds of people attribute their
miraculous recovery to him, even after his death. Brother André’s heart is preserved in a reliquary
in the Oratory.271 Kateri Tekakwitha, who lived the last three years of her life in Kahnawake near
Montréal, was also canonized in October 2012.272
Built between 1684 and 1687, the Saint-Sulpice Seminary is the oldest building in Montréal’s
borough of Ville-Marie. The Society of Priests of Saint-Sulpice has been the sole owner since its
construction.273
Erected between 1843 and 1847, St. Patrick’s Basilica has been declared a historical monument
and designated a national historic site. St. Patrick’s congregation is made up largely of loyal
anglophone catholic followers, namely of Irish origin.274 Several other Montréal churches as well
as the cemeteries of Notre-Dame-des-Neiges and Mount Royal have also been classified as
historical monuments.275
Québec’s Religious Patrimony Council took inventory of Québec houses of worship. The
evaluation of the patrimonial value of these locations was equally evaluated according to their
historical and symbolic value, the value of their art as well as the interior and exterior architecture.
The places deemed definitely worth a visit are as follows276 :
Name Tradition Construction
year
La-Visitation-de-la-Bienheureuse-Vierge-Marie Church Catholic 1749
Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel Catholic 1771
Notre-Dame Basilica Catholic 1824
Sainte-Geneviève Church Catholic 1843
Saint-Patrick’s Basilica Catholic 1843
Saint-Pierre-Apôtre Church Catholic 1851
Christ Church Cathedral Anglican 1856
Saint-George’s Church Anglican 1869
Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral-Basilica Catholic 1870
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 21
Name Tradition Construction
year
Saint-James’ Church United 1887
Erskine and American Church United 1893
La Citadelle-Salvation Army Church Evangelical 1906
St. Joseph’s Oratory of Mount Royal Catholic 1924
Saint-Andrew and Saint-Paul’s Church Presbyterian 1931
RESTAURANTS
In November 2014, Montréal's tourist districts had a total of 66.3 restaurants per km2.277
5,726 licenses in the food service industry were issued in Montréal in 2013, which represents
27.7% of all the licenses in the industry in the province of Québec.278
According to the Régie des alcools, des courses et des jeux, Montréal had 375 Bring Your Own
Wine (BYOW) restaurants in October 2014.279
In 2012, a survey conducted by the Union de Banques Suisses (UBS) on “Prices and Earnings”
among 72 world cities revealed that Montréal ranked 30th worldwide for the cost of a restaurant
meal, with the highest ranking being for the most expensive city.280
In November 2012, Tourisme Montréal launched the first edition of MTL à TABLE. Over 140
restaurants throughout the city took part in the 2014 edition, offering prix-fixe menus at $19, $29
and $39.281
After a 6-decade long ban, in March 2013, the City of Montréal finally gave the green light to street
food. Since then, a street food pilot project was implemented and re-conducted in 2014. In 2014,
29 trucks shared 15 sites identified by the City of Montréal.282
Each year, Montréal is host to the MONTRÉAL EN LUMIÈRE festival, which features three
components: culture, gourmet food and outdoor activities. In 2014, the festival celebrated its
fifteenth anniversary, offering a unique series of culinary events. The fine dining program of the
Festival has positioned itself as one of North America’s most important gourmet events,
reinforcing Montréal’s notoriety as a gastronomic destination as well as the enviable reputation of
its chefs.283
In 2014, the MONTRÉAL EN LUMIÈRE festival was listed in National Geographic’s Best Winter
Trips 2015.284
Following in Lyon’s footsteps, Montréal joined the Network of Good Food Cities of the World in
September 2007. Aside from Montréal, the member cities of this select network are: Aarhus,
Barcelona, Birmingham, Bordeaux, Brussels, Cape Winelands, Chicago, Gothenburg, Helsinki,
İzmir, Lausanne, Leipzig, Lisbonne, Lyon, Madrid, Osaka, Puebla, Rabat, Riga, Saint Louis,
Stavanger and Turin.285
In 2014, Thrillist ranked Montréal as the 13th best food city in the world.286
In 2014, the Chocolate Academy, a network with 16 locations across the world, opened a location
in Montréal with a new concept and six distinctive spaces: a chocolate workshop, a creative
studio, a tasting room to indulge the senses, a bar area, an open space, and an auditorium. The
Montréal Chocolate Academy aims to provide a modern and spacious location where
professionals and individuals can enrich their knowledge of such fine arts as chocolate, pastries,
ice cream, and pairings.287
SPORTS AND LEISURE
In Montréal, the major professional sporting teams are the following288:
o Hockey – Montréal Canadiens and Montréal Stars (women’s team)
o Football – Montréal Alouettes
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 22
o Soccer – Montréal Impact
o Ultimate Frisbee – Montréal Royal
Montréal has 3 varsity football teams289 :
o The Concordia Stingers;
o The McGill Redmen;
o The Université de Montréal’s Carabins.
Montréal’s major sporting events are290 :
o Formula One Grand Prix du Canada
o The Rogers Cup Montréal
o Féria du vélo de Montréal
o Oasis de Montréal International Marathon
o Grand Prix Cycliste Pro tour de Montréal
Hockey:
o According to the International Ice Hockey Federation, hockey was born in Montréal when
on March 3rd, 1875 the very first hockey game in the world was played at the Victoria rink
in Montréal. The game apparently ended in a fight.291
o The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association came into existence in 1886 in Montréal.292
o The Montréal Canadiens Hockey Club has won the Stanley Cup 24 times since the turn of
the century, making it the second most successful championship sports team in the world
after the New York Yankees baseball team, which has won 27 World Series.293
o The Montréal Canadiens Hockey Club celebrated 100 years of hockey in 2009.294
o In 2010, following the Canadiens victory over the Penguins for the Eastern conference
semi-final, 50,000 enthusiastic Habs fans took over downtown Montréal.295
Soccer
o In 2013, Montréal counted some 41,000 soccer players, making soccer the most played
federated sport in Québec.296
o In 2012, the Montréal Impact became a Major League Soccer franchise.297
Automobile sport:
o Run since 1978 on the track on Montréal’s Île Notre-Dame, the Grand Prix of Canada is
one of the favourite races of the season for Formula One fans. In 2009, Montréal was not
included on the world championship racing calendar, but much to the delight of all fans,
the only race on Canadian soil returned in 2010.298 Since then, approximately 300,000
spectators each year have attended this Grand Prix of Canada event.299
Golf:
o In 2007, Montréal hosted the prestigious Presidents Cup, a biennial competition which
pits the United States against the rest of the world (excluding Europe) in a team
tournament.300
o There are 60 public and private golf courses, all members of Golf Québec, located within
a 40 km radius of Montréal.301
o Montréal is home to the very first golf club in North America—the Royal Montréal.
Founded in 1873 on Mount Royal, the club is now located on Île Bizard in Montréal.302
o From 2010 to 2013, Montréal hosted a tournament on the PGA Championship circuit. The
Champions Tour is comprised of professional golfers aged 50+ years.303
Surfing:
o There are a few places to surf in Montréal. About 500 surf enthusiasts regularly tackle the
waves close to the Habitat 67 housing complex and the Lachine Rapids.304
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 23
o The Habitat 67 wave, a standing wave, can reach 6 feet (1.82 metres) in height.305 Corran
Addison, an Olympic kayaker, was the first to ever surf this wave in 2001.306
o Near Lasalle in the Lachine Rapids, beginners can try their hand at the so-called "Vague
à Guy". The Lachine Rapids themselves are reserved for experienced surfers as they are
quite dangerous.307
Others:
o Every year, Montréal's Jarry Park hosts the Rogers Cup, a Masters 1000 event on the
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tour. Alternating with Toronto, the women’s
competitions take place in even-numbered years and the men’s competitions, in odd-
numbered years.308
o Established in 1863, the Lachine Rowing Club is the oldest operating rowing club in North
America.309
o Since 2013, Montréal has been hosting a competition of the Circuit Québécois de Canot à
Glace (Québec Ice Canoe Circuit). The icy St. Lawrence River has been crossed by
canoe since the beginning of the colony in the 17th century. In Montréal, ice canoe river
crossings date back to the late 19th century.310
o Within a 100-kilometre (62 mile) radius of the city, Montréalers have access to 16 downhill
ski runs.311
o Surrounded by the St. Lawrence River, Montréal is a paradise for water-sports
enthusiasts, who can enjoy some 325 islands. For its part, the Montréal agglomeration
has 315 kilometres of river banks, 131 of which have public access.312
o Montréal has 74 public pools, not counting wading pools and municipal water parks,
which works out to one pool for every 22 540 Montréalers. Among cities with a population
of over 1 million, only Philadelphia surpasses the city in terms of pools per number of
inhabitants. What's more, in many neighbourhoods, pool access is free.313
o The Saint Lawrence teems with over 100 species of fish.314 According to the COURDO
program, in 2011 the water quality in the stretch of river between downtown and Montréal
East was good to excellent. That same year, QUALO program stations reported that the
water between those same two locations was suitable for water contact activities, such as
swimming.315
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Food and urban agriculture
Montréal’s urban agriculture is flourishing. Lufa Farms is the world's first commercial rooftop farm,
with over 40 varieties growing year-round in over 31,000 ft2 of greenhouses.316 In 2013, a second
greenhouse was built. In addition to numerous private initiatives, a number of companies (such as
the Palais des congrès) have set up their own green roof to provide a local source of produce. In
2015, it was estimated that approximately 128.2 hectares were devoted to urban agriculture in
Montréal.317
In addition to the rooftop garden, planted in 2011, Fairmont the Queen Elizabeth installed bee
hives in 2012.318 The hotel grows over 70 varieties of fruits, vegetables and herbs and has 6
beehives. Fairmont the Queen Elizabeth garnered attention for this innovative project in 2014 and
also distinguished itself at the Gala de reconnaissance en environnement et développement
durable de Montréal.319
The Space for Life museum complex has also implemented a number of green initiatives.
Upcoming ones include an urban garden, to be planted in the next few years on the Grande Place
that connects the complex's four institutions, and the greening of the Insectarium's roof and walls.
Launched by Destination Centre-Ville towards the end of summer 2014, the alleyway market
allows visitors and locals to buy fresh fruit and vegetables downtown, in one of the alleyways
adjacent to Sainte-Catherine Street. The project was a huge success and could be repeated in
2015.320
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 24
Launched in the summer of 2011, in Montréal’s Centre-Sud neighborhood, Fruixi is a mobile
service that sells local produce and hosts workshops and activities on eco-nutrition. Owing its
outreach to its mobile nature, the organization now conducts its activity in the Ville-Marie, Plateau-
Mont-Royal, Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, and Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie boroughs.321
After much strategic thinking, Montréal’s Conférence régionale des élus (CRÉ) and its partners
elaborated a plan for the development of a sustainable and fairly traded food system destined to
the Montréal community. Based on a clear, inclusive vision, The “Plan de développement SAM
2025” identifies 5 major targets and 14 specific lines of action to contribute to the evolution of all
four sectors of Montréal’s food system—production, transformation, distribution, and
consumption.322
In July 2013, Tourisme Montréal created a directory of Montréal’s sustainable restaurants. The
list, which included 19 restaurants and 2 caterers in 2014, identifies restaurants who apply
sustainable practices, based on a set of criteria developed by Viatao, Tourisme Montréal’s partner
for the project.323
Certifications
In 2015, in Montréal, 49 hotels were certified by the Green Key program, a progressive evaluation
system developed by the Hotel Association of Canada.324 The Association Hôtellerie Québec has
also implemented a sustainability recognition program, the PRDD (“Programme de
reconnaissance en développement durable”), which is specifically dedicated to the hotel industry.
In Montréal, seven hotels have received the program’s RéserVert certification.325
Since 2014, all members of the Small Hotels Association of Montréal either have the RéserVert or
Green Key certification.326
In 2015, 155 commercial buildings in Montréal were awarded the BOMA BESt certification.
Developed by the Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) of Canada, this national
award and environmental certification program is destined to existing commercial buildings.327
As of 2014, 74 Montréal buildings were LEED certified: of those, five are rated Platinum, 36 are
rated Gold, and 33 are rated Silver. 144 other buildings are in the process of being certified.328
In 2009, the Port of Montréal officially received the Green Marine certification. This evaluation
proves that the Port of Montréal’s performance exceeds the requirements of current regulations.329
Festivals
In 2012, during Montréal’s festival season, Consortium Écho-Logique, a social economy
enterprise specializing in waste management on event sites, diverted 200 tons of recyclable
materials from landfills. In total, Consortium Écho-Logique’s services were used for 90 special
events located in 8 regions of Québec. Of these 90 events, 75 took place in Montréal.330
In 2013-2014, 10 festivals benefiting from Tourisme Montréal’s Event Assistance Program joined
the Club TRIBU project. Created by Tourisme Montréal in partnership with Takt-etik, this program
aims to help companies implement tangible projects focusing on sustainability within their
organization.331
Rankings
In 2011, Montréal ranked third among Canadian cities for its efforts to address climate change.332
In 2009, Montréal was ranked one of the five greenest cities by TreeHugger.com, a well-known
website providing central and reliable information on sustainability.333
Montréal is the first city in the world to have signed the National Geographic Society’s geotourism
charter. This important recognition highlights Montréal’s constant commitment towards the
effective management of sustainable tourist development. Thus, in June 2009, Tourisme Montréal
and the City of Montréal launched the very first geotourism map and guide of the Island of
Montréal. 334 In addition, Géotourisme, a magazine published yearly since 2010, presents
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 25
Montréal’s unique and exceptional features, as seen by Montréalers. The magazine is available in
paper and electronic formats and also has a mobile platform.335
In 2007, Montréal became the first city in the French-speaking world to be officially designed as a
Regional Centre of Expertise for education on sustainable development. Granted by the United
Nations University, the title was announced during the 8th Colloque de Montréal en éducation
relative à l’environnement.336
Transport
In 2009, the City of Montréal was honoured with a Climatic Leadership Award for its
Transportation Plan. This award underlines the best initiatives to fight climate change. Montréal
won the award for:
o Its commitment to reduce 30% of the city’s greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 as
compared to 1990;
o Adopting a complete and detailed transportation plan;
o Its opposition to projects that would result in an increase or would develop the use of
automobiles.337
In 2013, the STM deployed a new Sustainable Development Plan and signed a Sustainability
Commitment with the American Public Transportation Association (APTA). In effect until 2020, the
new Sustainable Development Plan aims to improve the current environmental management
system based on the ISO 14001 standard.338
In 2013, the STM and Nova Bus signed a partnership agreement to a test conductive quick-
charging system. Three all-electric buses will undergo a non-passenger testing phase in 2015,
and then be tested with the STM’s clientele from 2015 to 2018. This makes Montréal the first
North-American city to take part in Volvo’s City Mobility program, which is geared towards
improving energy efficiency and reducing emission rates.339
In 2010 and again in 2011, the STM received the Special Merit Award for Commitment to the
Environment at the International MetroRail convention in London. This award recognizes the
leadership exhibited by the STM with regards to sustainable development and the strategy
implemented to position public transportation as a wise environmental decision for the
population.340
The Montréal metro (subway) is also considered to leave the lowest carbon footprints in the
world.341
Since May 2009, Montréal has been offering the BIXI bike sharing service, which allows users to
rent a bike at a station, use it as a means of transportation, and return it at any of the network’s
stations.342
Since 2000, Montréal’s airport is certified to ISO 14001 for its environmental management system,
which underwent a recertification audit in 2013.343
To read about more sustainable transport initiatives, refer to the Active Transportation and Urban
Transportation sections.
Urban planning
Since 1997, Montréal has developed nearly a hundred green alleys. Initiated by voluntary citizens,
the “Ruelles vertes” project finds local residents renaturalizing Montréal’s back alleys to reclaim
these spaces and improve the quality of urban life.344
Inaugurated in October 2011, the Centre for Sustainable Development houses the offices of
various Québec environmental and social organizations. It also hosts an interpretation centre on
sustainable building and several conference rooms. Located on Sainte-Catherine Street within a
LEED Platinum certified building, the Centre acts as a sustainable development hub in the heart
of the city.345
To read about more green architecture initiatives, refer to the Architecture section.
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 26
Tourism industry
Striving to address the major environmental issues facing the tourism industry, Tourisme Montréal
has been making an ambitious green shift in collaboration with various actors of the tourism
industry.
o In 2009, Tourisme Montréal oversaw the creation of Montréal’s Tourism Industry Green
Committee and three-fold Green Plan, with a vision to secure Montréal’s reputation as
one of North America’s best tourist destinations in terms of integrating environmental
practices.
o The Green Plan has been implemented since 2011 and is updated every two years. The
plan is designed to support the tourism industry’s efforts towards sustainable
development, communicating good practices, giving visibility to actors involved and
promoting the industry’s green approach towards professional associations and large
organizations.
Economy
A joint venture of the Montréal Exchange and Chicago Climate Exchange, the Montréal Climate
Exchange (MCeX) is a financial institution offering companies the flexibility to adjust to current
environmental issues at a lower cost, while encouraging them to reduce their greenhouse gas
emissions. The MCeX is a powerful tool in the fight against climate change. Its mission is to
provide a transparent, honest and ethical marketplace to trade contracts related to air pollutant
and greenhouse gas emissions346
TOURISM
Montréal is Canada’s second most popular city after Toronto for the number of visitors that the city
welcomes every year. In 2012, approximately 26,625,000 people came to Montréal, of which
8,956,000 were tourists (stays of 24 hours and longer).347
Approximately 24,300 hotel rooms were available in the Montréal CMA in 2015.348
The average price of a short stay in Montréal (including two meals with wine, a one-night stay at
the hotel for two people, a rental car (100 km) or public transportation and taxis and a few out-of-
pocket costs (soft cover books, telephone calls, etc.) is approximately CAD 720. As such,
Montréal ranks 43rd internationally among 72 cities (with 1st place going to the least expensive
city) for the price of a short stay, according to a 2012 Union des Banques Suisses (UBS) study.349
TRIVIA
It is not known how Sainte-Catherine Street got its name, but a number of hypotheses have been
put forward: the street may have been named in honour of Catherine de Bourbonnais (1749-
1805), who lived on the street in the 18th century, or it may have been named after Catherine-
Elizabeth, adopted daughter of Jacques Viger, the first mayor of Montréal, or it may bear the
name of the old country road that led to the Convent of the Sisters of Notre Dame.350
In 1792, Saint-Laurent Boulevard, a road that bisects the island, became the dividing line between
the city’s eastern and western sections.351
Approximately 30 antique shops line Notre-Dame Street West between Peel and Atwater, an area
known as Antique Alley.352
According to some forty influential Montréal personalities, the 15 symbols that most define
Montréal are:
o Mount Royal
o The outdoor staircases of plexes
o The Jacques Cartier Bridge and St. Lawrence River
o The Montréal Canadiens
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 27
o Olympic Stadium
o Bagels
o Buckminster Fuller’s geodesic dome (Biosphère)
o Quartier des spectacles
o Orange Julep
o Place Ville Marie
o Habitat 67
o Poutine
o Bixi
o The Farine Five Roses sign
o Old Montréal.353
For Montréalers, the five symbols that most define their city are, in order:
o Outdoor staircases;
o Olympic Stadium;
o The Montréal Canadiens ice hockey club;
o Old Montréal;
o The Mount Royal cross.354
Established in 1854, the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery on Mount Royal is Canada’s largest
cemetery and the 3rd largest in North America, with an area of 1.39 km2. Approximately 55 km of
routes and pathways crisscross the cemetery, which is the final resting place for over one million
people.355
Montréal has an authentic Guimard metro grille. A gift from the Régie autonome des transports
parisiens to mark Expo 67, the metro grille (similar to the ones in Paris) was installed in 1967 at
the Square-Victoria station entrance, near the Montréal Exchange tower in the Quartier
international.356
Montréal has approximately 1,200,000 public trees.357
Montréal is famous for its bagels, poutine and smoked meat. Montréal bagels are different from
New York and Toronto bagels in that they are made with eggs and are baked in wood ovens. In
comparison, New York bagels are made with water and are spongy, while Toronto bagels are
usually baked in gas ovens.358
The ruelle des Fortifications at the World Trade Centre is home to a piece of the Berlin Wall,
which the German city gave to Montréal to mark the 350th anniversary of its founding.359
Montréal is one of the only major Canadian cities completely surrounded by water.360
After Halifax, Montréal has the largest number of Titanic victims buried in its cemeteries—12 in
all.361
John Lennon and Yoko Ono held their legendary Bed-In from May 26 to June 2 1969 in Suite
1742 at Fairmont The Queen Elizabeth hotel in downtown Montréal. There, surrounded by
celebrities such as Tommy Smothers, Timothy and Rosemary Leary and Petula Clark, they wrote
the peace anthem, “Give Peace a Chance.” 362
The cross on Mount Royal was built in 1924 in remembrance of the events of December 25th,
1642, when a flood threatened to wash away the early French colony. On January 6, 1643, Paul
de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, carried a cross by himself to the top of the mountain to
give thanks to God for sparing Ville-Marie from the floodwaters. Fibre-optic lighting, installed when
Montréal celebrated its 350th anniversary, now illuminates the cross.363
The first car accident in Montréal occurred on Saturday, August 11, 1906 on Sainte-Catherine
Street, claiming the life of one person—Antoine Toutant.364
Measuring a full 50 kilometres in length, Gouin Boulevard is the longest street in Montréal.365
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 28
Montréal is considered the official balcony capital, with more than one and a half million balconies
(71% of metropolitan area residents have at least one).366
Following a winter snowstorm, the city of Montréal has more than 4,100 kilometres of streets and
6,550 kilometres of sidewalks to clear.367
152 Montréal streets include the word “Saint” in their name.368
8% of the residents of the Plateau neighbourhood declare themselves as artists on their tax
returns. This is 10 times the Canadian average of 0.8%.369
A young Frenchman by the name of Asseline de Ronval was the first tourist to visit Montréal in
1662.370
The Montréal melon is a green melon with a nutmeg taste that has been cultivated on the island of
Montréal since the 1700’s. In the 20th century, it became very popular with Americans and was
very expensive at the time ($1.50 for one slice, the same as the cost of a piece of steak at the
time).371
In 1884, Montréaler Marcellus Gilmore Edson decided to patent peanut butter.372
UNDERGROUND PEDESTRIAN NETWORK
In 2007, National Geographic ranked Montréal’s Underground Pedestrian Network number one in
its top 10 list of the world’s best underground walking “tours”.373
Montréal’s underground pedestrian city connects:
o 63 buildings;
o 43 indoor parking areas;
o 4,582 rooms in 9 hotels;
o 8 metro stations;
o 5 train stations and termini;
o 10 university buildings;
o 32 km of underground corridors;
o 2,000 businesses;
o movie theatres and other entertainment venues;
o the Musée d’art contemporain;
o the Musée Grévin;
o the Bell Centre;
o convention centres and exhibition space.374
More than 500,000 people use the underground network every day.375
The underground city can be accessed through 190 different entrances.376
URBAN TRANSPORTATION
Public transportation:
o Public transportation has changed a great deal since the first tram cars were pulled by
horses along Notre-Dame Street. Metro construction began in 1962 and, four years later,
the first metro car rolled along the tracks. Since then, lines have been added and
extended, with the most recent addition being three new stations in 2007.377
o The Société de transport de Montréal (STM) serves the Island of Montréal. The city’s
public transportation system consists of five commuter train lines, four metro lines with 68
stations and 1,746 buses covering 220 routes, including 209 buses with wheelchair
access.378
o The Agence métropolitaine de transport (AMT) operates 5 commuter train lines covering
204 kilometres, one express city bus, 16 terminals, 61 park-and-ride areas that include
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 29
30,731 parking spaces and 20 reserved lanes for a total of 85.2 kilometres of reserved
lanes in the metropolitan Montréal region.379
Municipalities to the west, northwest and southwest of the Island of Montréal are
linked to downtown Montréal by five commuter trains. These trains
(Montréal/Deux-Montagnes, Montréal/Vaudreuil-Hudson, Montréal/Blainville-St-
Jérôme, Montréal/Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Montréal/Candiac) are completely
integrated into the STM bus and metro system.
o Montréal's metro is considered to have one of the lowest carbon footprints in the world.380
o In 2011, the Champ-de-Mars station was named one of the world's most beautiful metro
stations.381
Although the number of cars on Montréal roads increased by 6% between 2003 and 2008, that
same period saw a decrease in car usage. Montréal residents also increased their use of public
transportation by 10%.382
The Montréal taxi industry in 2011383:
o Number of taxi license owners in Montréal: 4,437
o Number of taxi drivers in Montréal: 10,861, of which roughly 1.2% are women
o Average age of drivers (male and female): 50 years old
o Cost of a taxi ride:
Cost at the start of a ride: $3.45
Taximeter rate: $1.70 per kilometre
Cost for waiting: 63 cents per minute
o In the City of Montréal, there are 269 taxis for every 100,000 residents.
o Montréal ranks 49th out of 73 cities worldwide for the cost of a 5-kilometre taxi ride in an
urban area during the day with tip included, first place going to the most inexpensive
city.384
Montréal has 7 freeways and 18 bridges/tunnels allowing motorists to access and to leave the
island.385
In 2011, Montréal ranked 1st among international cities for the least painful commute, according to
a global survey performed by IBM.386 In 2010, 47% of Montréalers reported taking less than 30
minutes to get to their office or school.387
VIDEO GAMES
Greater Montréal is known for its dynamic video game sector. The increasing overlap of the video
game and film industries has also considerably strengthened the development of the latter.388
Montréal boasts Canada’s only research chair on artificial intelligence for video games. Affiliated
with the Université de Montréal, the NSERC-Ubisoft Industrial Chair on Learning Representations
for Immersive Video Games was created in 2011.389
In 2010, Warner Bros Games, a subsidiary of Warner Bros, settled in Montréal. In 2012, the studio
created the game Batman Arkham City for Wii. The company plans to employ 500 people by
2018.390
In 1997, Ubisoft opened a studio in Montréal. In 2014, Ubisoft Montréal, who designed such
popular games as Assassin's Creed, Prince of Persia and Watch Dogs, was crowned Studio of
the Year at the Golden Joystick Awards in London.391
Assassin’s Creed, one of the most profitable games ever made, was produced in Montréal.
Montréal is indeed considered to be one of the world’s biggest centres for video game
production.392
Montréal boasts an enviable reputation throughout the world for its video game sector. In 2014,
Cloudcade, a California start-up specializing in mobile gaming, announced the opening of a studio
in Greater Montréal.393
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 30
VISUAL AND SPECIAL EFFECTS
Montréal is strengthening its position as a global creativity and innovation centre in the visual
effects sector. In 2013, there was a substantial increase in the number of contracts, foreign
productions and plans carried out in Québec, compared to 2012.394
Today, Montréal is internationally renowned as a leader in visual effects expertise. In fact, in
February 2012, Montréal launched the seventh section of the Visual Effects Society, a non-profit
society dedicated to advancing the arts, sciences, and applications of visual effects and to
improving the welfare of its members.395
On average, Montréal secures between 30 to 50 special effects contracts for big-budget movies
per year, each worth approximately 5 to 6 million dollars.396
There are 50 cutting-edge film studios in Montréal, including one of the largest ones in North
America: Studio H at Mel’s Cité du cinema, which spans 36,500 ft2 (3 346 m2) and is located five
minutes away from downtown Montréal.397
In 2013, Framestore, one of the three biggest animation and visual effects studios for the
television and film industry, settled in Montréal to serve its primarily Hollywood and New York
clientele. In early January 2014, Cinesite, a British company specializing in special effects for film,
opened a studio in Montréal. Its first mandate consisted of designing the special effects of The
Man from U.N.C.L.E., directed by Guy Ritchie. Moving Picture Company also settled in Montréal
in February 2013.398
On September 25th 2014, Atomic Fiction, a California-based company known throughout the world
for its work on such productions as Star Trek Into Darkness, Transformers: Age of Extinction,
Need for Speed, and Flight, announced its decision to open a subsidiary in Greater Montréal. The
visual effects studio plans to create 100 jobs.399
In March 2014, the French company BUF, a European leader in the animation and visual effects
industry, announced its decision to open a subsidiary in Greater Montréal. BUF has contributed to
the artistic success of over 75 films, including Fight Club and Avatar. The company has also
worked on over 800 advertisements.400
Montréal is internationally renowned for its creativity in the field of technological entertainment and
imaging software. About 80% of the visual effects and animation software programs used
throughout the world were developed in Montréal.401
Films such as Titanic, Jurassic Park, Godzilla and Spy Kids used software that was made in
Montréal to create their special effects. Others, such as Mr. Magorium’s Wonder Emporium and
Avatar, entrusted Montréal studios with realizing their visual effects.402
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 31
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27 Aéroports de Montréal. Rapport annuel 2013, 2014, 48 pages.
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 32
28 Compilation des Rapports annuels de 2000 à 2011 d’Aéroports de Montréal.
29 Communication avec Aéroports de Montréal, juin 2012.
30 Aéroports de Montréal. Rapport annuel 2013, 2014, 48 pages.
31 Airports Council International. « Most improved airport in North America », Airport Service Quality Awards,
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32 Aéroports de Montréal. Rapport annuel 2013, 2014, 48 pages.
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rang en Amérique du nord pour le nombre de vols directs vers l’Europe, 17 février 2014, 2 p.
Architecture
34 Ville de Montréal, Ministère des Affaires culturelles. Les maisons de Montréal, Montréal, 1992, 40 p.
35 Désiront, André. « Les escaliers extérieurs de nos villes », La Presse, 29 mai 2008,
http://blogues.lapresse.ca/desiront/2008/05/29/les-escaliers-exterieurs-de-nos-villes/, réf. de novembre 2014.
36 Ville de Montréal, Ministère des Affaires culturelles. Les maisons de Montréal, Montréal, 1992, 40 p.
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d’octobre 2014.
38 Centre canadien d’architecture. « Survol institutionnel », Centre canadien d’architecture,
http://www.cca.qc.ca/fr/collection/294-survol-institutionnel, réf. d’octobre 2014.
39 Kelso, Stirling. « World's Most Beautiful Universities », Travel + Leisure, septembre 2012,
http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/worlds-most-beautiful-universities, réf. de décembre 2012.
40 Conseil du bâtiment durable du Canada. « Page de recherche des profils de projets LEED », Conseil du bâtiment
durable du Canada, http://www.cagbc.org/CBDCA/LEED/ProfilsdeProjetsLEED/LEED/projectprofile_FR.aspx, réf. de
janvier 2015.
41 Communication courriel avec la Ville de Montréal, décembre 2012.
42 TOHU. « Complexe environnemental de Saint-Michel », TOHU, http://tohu.ca/fr/quartier-tohu/cesm/complexe-
environnemental-de-st-michel.html, réf. de novembre 2012.
43 TOHU. « À propos », TOHU, http://tohu.ca/fr/a-propos/la-tohu-batiment-vert/, réf. de novembre 2014.
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http://www.sciencepresse.qc.ca/archives/quebec/capque1005d.html, réf. d’octobre 2014.
45 Bonneau, Danielle. « De plus en plus de maisons vertes à Montréal », La Presse, 14 juin 2008, p. MON TOIT2.
46 « Concordia inaugure un des pavillons les plus écologiques au pays », Les Affaires, 29 août 2009, p. 18.
47 Gervais, Lisa-Marie. « Lier l’homme au firmament », Le Devoir, 22 août 2009, p. A1.
Arts and Culture
48 Communication courriel avec la Ville de Montréal, 20 décembre 2012.
49 Communication courriel avec la Ville de Montréal, 20 décembre 2012.
50 Conseil des arts et des lettres du Québec. « Statistiques principales des centres d'artistes en arts visuels et en arts
médiatiques, soutenus par le Conseil des arts et des lettres du Québec selon la répartition géographique, Québec,
2011-2012 », Institut de la statistique du Québec, 3 décembre 2013,
http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/statistiques/culture/arts-visuels/centres-artistes/ct_arti_reg_11_12.htm, réf. de novembre
2014.
51 Institut de la statistique du Québec (ISQ) et Observatoire de la culture et des communications du Québec (OCCQ).
« Nombre d'établissements pour certains groupes et sous-groupes de la culture et des communications, par régions
administratives, Québec, 2008-2012 », Banque de donnée des statistiques officielles, 7 janvier 2014,
http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/statistiques/profils/comp_interreg/tableaux/organismes.htm, réf. de novembre 2014.
52 Institut de la statistique du Québec (ISQ) et Observatoire de la culture et des communications du Québec (OCCQ).
« Visiteurs dans les institutions muséales répondantes, régions administratives et ensemble du Québec, 2009-2013»,
Banque de donnée des statistiques officielles, 30 juillet 2014,
http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/statistiques/profils/comp_interreg/tableaux/musee.htm, réf. de novembre 2014.
53 Institut de la statistique du Québec (ISQ) et Observatoire de la culture et des communications du Québec (OCCQ).
« Nombre d'établissements pour certains groupes et sous-groupes de la culture et des communications, par régions
administratives, Québec, 2008-2012 », Banque de donnée des statistiques officielles, 7 janvier 2014,
http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/statistiques/profils/comp_interreg/tableaux/organismes.htm, réf. de novembre 2014.
54 Institut de la statistique du Québec (ISQ) et Observatoire de la culture et des communications du Québec (OCCQ).
« Statistiques des représentations payantes en arts de la scène selon la discipline des spectacles, Montréal, 2013»,
Banque de donnée des statistiques officielles, 1er août 2014, http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/statistiques/culture/arts-
scene/frequentation-spectacles/representations_genre.html, réf. de novembre 2014.
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 33
55 Lawani, Rachad. « Trop de festivals à Montréal », Faire des Affaires Autrement, 8 août 2013,
http://affairesautrement.blogspot.ca/2013/08/trop-de-festivals-montreal.html#.VFjolTSG_Tp, réf. de novembre 2014.
56 Communication courriel avec la Ville de Montréal, Division de la planification et du développement du réseau des
bibliothèques, décembre 2014.
57 Ville de Montréal. « Un lieu », Espace pour la vie,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=5517,99119692&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL, réf. de novembre
2014.
58 Brault, Simon. (Notes d'allocution). « Montréal ville créative : réveiller le géant qui dort », Chambre de commerce du
Montréal Métropolitain, 30 mars 2004.
59 Ville de Montréal. « Quartier des spectacles aujourd’hui », Quartier des spectacles,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=7557,81251675&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL, réf. de novembre
2014.
60 Communication courriel avec la Ville de Montréal, novembre 2014.
61 La Vitrine. « À propos de La Vitrine », La Vitrine, http://www.lavitrine.com/, réf. de novembre 2014.
62 Montréal International. « Vie culturelle », Montréal International, http://montrealinternational.com/vivre-vie-
culturelle/, réf. de novembre 2014.
63 Ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec. « La Maison symphonique, Un rêve devenu réalité »,
Ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec, http://www.mcc.gouv.qc.ca/index.php?id=3045, réf. de
novembre 2014.
64 Harrison-Julien, Pasquale. « L’orgue de la Maison Symphonique se fait entendre », La Presse, 16 janvier 2014,
http://ici.radio-canada.ca/regions/Montreal/2014/01/16/005-orgue-maison-symphonique-casavant.shtml, réf. de
novembre 2014.
65 « La Grande bibliothèque atteint les 25 millions de visiteurs », La Presse, 16 mai 2014,
http://www.lapresse.ca/arts/livres/201405/16/01-4767366-la-grande-bibliotheque-atteint-les-25-millions-de-
visiteurs.php, réf. de novembre 2014.
66 Berthiaume, Guy. « La Grande Bibliothèque : le cœur de la ville créative », Bibliothèque et archives nationales du
Québec (allocution), 7 octobre 2013,
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html, réf. de décembre 2014.
67 Institut de la statistique du Québec (ISQ) et Observatoire de la culture et des communications du Québec (OCCQ).
« Statistiques des représentations payantes en arts de la scène selon la discipline des spectacles, 2013, Montréal »,
Banque de donnée des statistiques officielles, 14 novembre 2014, http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/statistiques/culture/arts-
scene/frequentation-spectacles/representations_provenance.html, réf. de novembre 2014.
68 Cinoche.com, http://www.cinoche.com/, réf. novembre 2014.
69 Hill Stratégies. « Investissements culturels indirects de cinq grandes villes canadiennes », Hill Stratégies, 6
novembre 2013, http://www.hillstrategies.com/fr/content/investissements-culturels-indirects-de-cinq-grandes-villes-
canadiennes, réf. de novembre 2014.
70 Montréal Ville UNESCO de design, http://mtlunescodesign.com, réf. de novembre 2014.
71 Brousseau-Pouliot, Vincent. « Michael Jackson: de nouveaux sommets pour le Cirque », La Presse, 18 juillet 2012,
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cirque.php, réf. de novembre 2014.
72 Communication courriel avec le Centre Bell, janvier 2015.
73 Équipe Spectra, Communiqué. Le festival International de Jazz de Montréal élu « Festival de l’année » lors de la
Canadian Music Week, 14 mars 2011, http://www.equipespectra.ca/communiques/fijm/20110314.PDF, réf. de
novembre 2014.
74 Lebel, Andrée. « Tourisme: 2011 a été un bon cru pour Montréal », La Presse, 14 janvier 2012,
http://www.lapresse.ca/voyage/destinations/quebec/montreal/201201/13/01-4485607-tourisme-2011-a-ete-un-bon-
cru-pour-montreal.php, réf. de novembre 2014.
75 Hill Stratégies Recherche. Cartographie des artistes et des travailleurs culturels dans les grandes villes du Canada,
février 2010, 94 pages.
76 Mission Design. « Sommet mondial et congrès architecture + design + urbanisme », Mission Design,
http://www.missiondesign.org/projets/montreal-2017/, réf. de novembre 2014.
Cinema
77 Montréal International. « Cinéma et télévision », Montréal International,
http://www.montrealinternational.com/innover-cinema-et-television/, réf. d’octobre 2014.
78 Montréal International. « Cinéma et télévision », Montréal International,
http://www.montrealinternational.com/innover-cinema-et-television/, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 34
79 « Most Popular Titles With Location Matching "Montréal, Québec, Canada" », IMDb,
http://www.imdb.com/search/title?locations=Montr%E9al,%20Qu%E9bec,%20Canada, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Bureau du cinéma de Montréal, http://www.montrealfilm.com, réf. d’août 2012.
« Films tournés au Québec », Bureau du cinéma et de la télévision du Québec, http://www.bctq.ca/films-
quebec.php, réf. d’octobre 2014.
80 Parent, Marie-Joëlle. « Capitale mondiale des effets spéciaux », Canoë, 15 novembre 2007,
http://fr.canoe.ca/divertissement/cinema/nouvelles/2007/11/15/4658301-jdm.html, réf. d’octobre 2014.
81 « Xavier Dolan : un culot monstre, une précocité démente », L’OBS Culture, 8 octobre 2014,
http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/culture/20141007.OBS1355/xavier-dolan-un-culot-monstre-une-precocite-
demente.html, réf. de novembre 2014.
82 Imax, http://www.imax.com, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Climate
83 Environnement Canada. « Normales climatiques au Canada 1981-2010 », Archives nationales d'information et de
données climatologiques, http://www.climat.meteo.gc.ca/climate_normals/index_f.html, réf. d’octobre 2014.
84 Simard, Benoit. « Plus belles villes en automne: Montréal au 4e rang », Rouge 107,3 FM, 10 novembre 2014,
http://montreal.rougefm.ca/info-montreal/2014/11/10/plus-belles-villes-en-automne-montreal-au-4e-rang, réf. de
novembre 2014.
Conventions
85 ICCA Statistics Report, 2013. Country and City Rankings, International Association Meetings Market, 56 p.
86 Palais des Congrès de Montréal (2014, 25 juin) « Montréal surclasse toutes les villes d’Amérique pour l’accueil de
congrès internationaux », Palais des congrès de Montréal (communiqué), http://congresmtl.com/2014/06/montreal-
surclasse-toutes-les-villes-damerique-laccueil-congres-internationaux/, réf. de novembre 2014.
87 Palais des Congrès de Montréal, communiqués de presse, http://congresmtl.com/2014/07/palais-congres-montreal-
parmi-les-finalistes-au-prestigieux-prix-du-meilleur-centre-congres-au-monde/, ref. d’octobre 2014.
Creativity and Innovation
88 2thinknow. « Innovation Cities Americas Index 2014 », 2thinknow Innovation Cities™ Program,
http://www.innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-americas-index-2014/8923, ref. d’octobre 2014.
89 Montréal Ville UNESCO de design, http://mtlunescodesign.com/fr/apropos, réf. d’octobre 2014.
90 Ville de Montréal. Espace de collaboration / créativité et innovation.
http://www.sdemontreal.com/sites/default/files/sde_creativiteinnovation_fr.pdf, réf. d’octobre 2014.
91Quartier de l’innovation, communiqué : L’innovation a maintenant son quartier à Montréal, 13 mai 2013
http://quartierinnovationmontreal.com/communique-mai-2013-2/, réf. d’octobre 2014.
92 Ville de Montréal. « Le maire de Montréal participe au lancement de C2MTL 2014 », Ville de Montréal
(communiqué), 27 mai 2014,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=5798,42657625&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&id=22989, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
93 Ville de Montréal « Montréal signe l’Ode à la vie remporte un Grand Prix Grafika 2013! – Montréal et Moment
Factory ont brillé à la Mercè de Barcelone », CNW Telbec, 11 février 2013,
http://www.newswire.ca/fr/story/1112671/montreal-signe-l-ode-a-la-vie-remporte-un-grand-prix-grafika-2013-montreal-
et-moment-factory-ont-brille-a-la-merce-de-barcelone, réf. d’octobre 2014.
94 Société des Arts Technologiques. « Inauguration du Living Lab SAT / CHU Sainte-Justine », Société des arts
technologiques, 27 avril 2012. http://sat.qc.ca/fr/nouvelles/inauguration-du-living-lab-sat-chu-sainte-justine, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
95 Moment Factory. « À propos de nous », Moment Factory, http://www.momentfactory.com/fr/about, réf. d’octobre
2014.
96 Radio Canada. « Les vélos BIXI récompensés aux États-Unis », Radio-Canada, 2 avril 2009, http://ici.radio-
canada.ca/regions/Montreal/2009/04/02/005-edisons-awards-bixi-montreal.shtml, réf. d’octobre 2014.
97 Stationnement de Montréal. « Stationnement de Montréal », Stationnement de Montréal,
http://www.statdemtl.qc.ca/index.php?page_id=42&lang=fr, réf. d’octobre 2014.
98 Ville de Montréal. « Montréal crée le bureau de la ville intelligente et numérique », Ville de Montréal (communiqué),
26 mars 2014,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=9497,121005594&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&id=8910&ret=/pls
/portal/url/page/affaires_fr/rep_actualites/coll_actualites, réf. d’octobre 2014.
99 Sarrazin, Sylvain. « Montréal parmi les 21 «villes intelligentes» de l'année », La Presse, 22 octobre 2013,
http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/montreal/201310/22/01-4702471-montreal-parmi-les-21-villes-intelligentes-de-
lannee.php, réf d’octobre 2014.
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 35
Cultural Diversity
100 Statistique Canada. Recensement 2011, http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/rt-td/index-fra.cfm,
réf. d’octobre 2014.
101 Statistique Canada. Profil de l'ENM pour les régions métropolitaines de recensement et agglomérations de
recensement, Enquête nationale auprès des ménages, 2011,
http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV_f.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=5178, réf. de novembre 2014.
102« Montréal aux couleurs de l'Irlande pour la Saint-Patrick », Radio-Canada, 20 mars 2011, http://www.radio-
canada.ca/regions/Montreal/2011/03/20/001-fete-saintpatrick-montreal.shtml, réf. de décembre 2012.
103Gouvernement du Québec. « La région de Montréal en bref », Ministère de l’Immigration et des Communautés
culturelles, http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/fr/region/montreal.html, réf. de novembre 2012.
104 Ville de Montréal. Population immigrante selon le statut d’immigrant. 2 p.
Downtown
105 Google maps, http://maps.google.com, réf. d’octobre 2014.
106 Normandin, Pierre-André. « Trottoirs chauffants sur la rue Sainte-Catherine? », La Presse, 4 octobre 2014,
http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/montreal/201410/03/01-4806242-montreal-reve-aux-trottoirs-chauffants.php, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
107 « Sainte-Catherine parmi les plus belles avenues du monde », TVA Nouvelles, 7 janvier 2012,
http://tvanouvelles.ca/lcn/infos/regional/archives/2012/01/20120107-140030.html, réf. de novembre 2014.
108 Google maps, http://maps.google.com, réf. d’octobre 2014.
109 Service des infrastructures, transport et environnement – Ville de Montréal. Plan de transport 2008 : Réinventer
Montréal, 2008.
110 Stationnement de Montréal. Inventaire des places tarifées sur rue par arrondissement, Communication courriel,
novembre 2014.
111 Communication courriel avec Tourisme Québec, février 2015.
112 Cinoche.com, http://www.cinoche.com/, réf. d’octobre 2014.
113 Ville de Montréal. « Parcs et espaces verts », Arrondissement de Ville-Marie,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=7317,78925669&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL, réf. d’octobre
2014.
Economy
114 The Conference Board of Canada.Economic Insights Into 13 Canadian Metropolitan Economies, 23 février 2012,
79 p.
115 Montréal International. Le Grand Montréal. Le pouvoir de vous faire réussir. Les facteurs d’attractivité 2013-2014,
2013, 53 p.
116 Montréal International. Le Grand Montréal. Le pouvoir de vous faire réussir. Les facteurs d’attractivité 2013-2014,
2013, 53 p.
117 Montréal en statistique. Profil économique, Octobre 2014, 31 p.
118 Economist Intelligence Unit. Hotspots : Benchmarking global city competitiveness, janvier 2012, 35 p.
119 Union des Banques Suisses (UBS). Prices and Earnings, édition 2012, septembre 2012, 45 pages.
120 Mercer. « Worldwide Cost of Living Survey 2014 – city ranking », 2014 Cost of Living Rankings,
http://www.mercer.com/newsroom/cost-of-living-survey.html, 10 juillet 2014.
121 Finance Montréal. « Survol de Montréal », Finance Montréal, http://www.finance-montreal.com/node/497, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
122 Long Finance, The Global Financial Centres Index 15, mars 2014, 56 p.
123 Finance Montréal. « Faits saillants économiques», Finance Montréal, http://www.finance-
montreal.com/fr/montreal-place-financiere/faits-saillants-economiques, réf. d’octobre 2014.
124 Fonds de solidarité FTQ. « Le Fonds de solidarité FTQ parmi le Top 100 des fonds de capital de risque au
monde », Communiqué de presse, Fonds de solidarité FTQ, 30 juillet 2009, http://www.fondsftq.com/fr-ca/salle-de-
presse/communiques-de-presse/2009/20090730-top-global-vc-100.aspx, réf. d’octobre 2014.
125 Florida, Richard. « The New Global Centers for Talent », CityLab, 16 octobre 2014,
http://www.citylab.com/work/2014/10/the-new-global-centers-for-talent/381487/, réf. de novembre 2014.
Education
126 Montréal International. Le Grand Montréal. Le pouvoir de vous faire réussir. Les facteurs d’attractivité 2013-2014,
2013, 53 p.
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 36
198 Gouvernement du Québec. « La dynamique des langues en quelques chiffres : Tableaux », Secrétariat à la
politique linguistique,
http://www.spl.gouv.qc.ca/documentation/rapportssondagesstatistiques/dynamiquedeslangues/tableaux/#c275, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
199 Statistique Canada. Recensement 2011, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Marine Transportation
200 Port de Montréal. Le Port de Montréal en bref, http://www.port-montreal.com/files/PDF/port-en-
chiffres/APM_FichesTechnique_HR_MOD_HM_FR.pdf, réf. d’octobre 2014.
201 Port de Montréal. « FAQ », Port de Montréal, http://www.port-montreal.com/fr/faq-a-propos.html, réf. d’octobre
2014.
202 Communication courriel avec le Comité Croisières Montréal, novembre 2014.
203 Ville de Montréal. « 22. Le port de Montréal », Centre d’histoire de Montréal,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=2497,3090424&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL, réf. d’octobre 2014.
204 Port de Montréal. « Un prix au Port de Montréal pour l’efficacité de son service aux croisiéristes », Port de
Montréal (communiqué), 18 mars 2013, http://www.port-montreal.com/files/PDF/communiques/2013_03_18_comm-
prix-cruise-insight.pdf, réf. de décembre 2014.
205 Port de Montréal. « Le port de Montréal reçoit quatre autres prix d'excellence pour ses activités de croisière »,
CNW Telbec, 21 mars 2012, http://www.newswire.ca/fr/story/941479/le-port-de-montreal-recoit-quatre-autres-prix-d-
excellence-pour-ses-activites-de-croisiere, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Media
206 Gouvernement du Québec. « Répertoire des médias », Portail Québec,
http://www.montreal.gouv.qc.ca/medias/repertoireMedia.asp?region=Montreal, réf. d’octobre 2014.
207 Agence France Presse. « L’AFP dans le monde », Agence France Presse, http://www.afp.com/fr/agence/afp-
monde, réf. d’octobre 2014.
208 « Les régions touristiques du Québec les plus médiatisées à l’étranger », TourismExpress, 3 octobre 2014,
http://tourismexpress.com/nouvelles/les-regions-touristiques-du-quebec-les-plus-mediatisees-a-l-etranger, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
Montréal, International City
209 Montréal International. « Organisations internationales à Montréal », Montréal International,
http://www.montrealinternational.com/organisations-internationales/organisations-a-montreal/, réf. d’octobre 2014.
210 Montréal International. « Organisations internationales à Montréal », Montréal International,
http://www.montrealinternational.com/organisations-internationales/organisations-a-montreal/, réf. d’octobre 2014.
211 Montréal International. « Organisations internationales à Montréal », Montréal International,
http://www.montrealinternational.com/organisations-internationales/organisations-a-montreal/, réf. d’octobre 2014.
212 Gouvernement du Québec. « La région de Montréal en bref », Ministère de l’Immigration et des Communautés
culturelles, http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/fr/region/montreal.html, réf. d’octobre 2014.
213 Montréal International. « Les filiales de sociétés étrangères », Montréal International,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/MTL_STATS_FR/MEDIA/DOCUMENTS/FILIALES_GRAND_MTL.PD
F, réf d’octobre 2014.
214 Palais des congrès de Montréal. « Montréal le plus grand centre universitaire du Canada », Contact, mars 2011,
http://congresmtl.com/fr/bulletins/fevrier_mars_2011/pages/Montreal_fevrier2011.html, réf. d’octobre 2014.
215 Quartier international. « Présentation », Quartier international de Montréal, http://qimtl.qc.ca/fr/projets/quartier-
international-montreal/presentation, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Quartier international. « Organisme internationaux », Quartier international de Montréal,
http://qimtl.qc.ca/fr/projets/quartier-international-montreal/organismes-internationaux, réf. d’octobre 2014.
216 Fédération internationale des associations de pilotes de ligne - IFALPA. « Montréal, capitale mondiale de l'aviation
civile - La Fédération internationale des Associations de pilotes de ligne (IFALPA) s'installe dans la métropole », CNW
Telbec, 13 novembre 2012, http://www.newswire.ca/fr/story/1069943/montreal-capitale-mondiale-de-l-aviation-civile-
la-federation-internationale-des-associations-de-pilotes-de-ligne-ifalpa-s-installe-dans-la-metropole, réf. d’octobre
2014.
217 « United Nations », Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations, réf. d’octobre 2014.
218 Presse Canadienne. « Montréal accueille un centre mondial sur le tourisme », Le Devoir, 20 février 2007,
http://www.ledevoir.com/economie/actualites-economiques/131771/montreal-accueille-un-centre-mondial-sur-le-
tourisme, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 40
219 Campagne internationale Action Climat. « Mise en place de la Campagne internationale action climat à Montréal -
La société civile internationale se prépare pour Copenhague », CNW TELBEC, 22 juin 2009,
http://www.newswire.ca/fr/story/549997/mise-en-place-de-la-campagne-internationale-action-climat-a-montreal-la-
societe-civile-internationale-se-prepare-pour-copenhague, réf. d’octobre 2014.
220 Centre Financier International de Montréal. « Liste des CFI », Centre Financier International de Montréal,
http://www.cfimontreal.com/fr/cfi_operation/liste.asp, réf. d’octobre 2014.
221 Reputation Institute. 2014 City RepTrak, novembre 2014, 30 pages.
Neighbourhoods and Boroughs
222 Ville de Montréal. « Notre île au 1er janvier », Montréal en tête, septembre 2005, vol. 2, no 3, p.5.
223 Ville de Montréal. « Organisation municipale », Ville de Montréal,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=5798,85493596&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL, réf. d’octobre
2014.
224 Ville de Montréal. « Organisation municipale », Ville de Montréal,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=5798,85493596&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL, réf. d’octobre
2014.
225 Tourisme Montréal. « Tous les quartiers », Tourisme Montréal, http://www.tourisme-montreal.org/Decouvrez-
montreal/Vie-de-quartier, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Nightlife
226 Cities 2012 : Cette analyse s'appuie sur des microdonnées de Statistique Canada contenant de l'information
recueillie à titre anonyme dans le cadre de l'Enquête sur les voyages des résidents du Canada (EVRC) ou de
l'Enquête sur les voyages internationaux (EVI), réalisées en 2012.
Les calculs informatisés découlant de ces microdonnées ont été réalisés par Recherche Resolutions Inc, pour le
compte du Consortium Cities, et l'auteur est seul et pleinement responsable de l'utilisation et de l'interprétation de ces
données.
227 Communication avec la Ville de Montréal, novembre 2014.
228 Ipsos Marketing (pour le compte de Tourisme Montréal). Sondage annuel sur l’expérience des visiteurs, 2013, 162
pages.
229 Communication avec la Ville de Montréal, novembre 2014.
230 Communication avec la Ville de Montréal, novembre 2014.
231 Manson, Mark. « World’s best nightlife cities », CNN Travel, 2 octobre 2014,
http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/22/travel/best-nightlife-cities/index.html, réf. de novembre 2014.
Population
232 Statistique Canada. Recensement 2011, réf. d’août 2014.
Public Safety
233 Statistique Canada. Tableau 253-0004 - Enquête sur les homicides, nombre et taux (pour 100 000 habitants)
de victimes d'homicide, selon la région métropolitaine de recensement (RMR), annuel, CANSIM (base de données),
19 décembre 2013, http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a33?RT=TABLE&themeID=2102&spMode=tables&lang=fra,
réf. d’octobre 2014.
234 U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reporting Program Return A Master
Files, Table 309. Crime Rates by Type--Selected Large Cities: 2009, 30 septembre 2011,
http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/law_enforcement_courts_prisons/crimes_and_crime_rates.html, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
235 Service de police de la Ville de Montréal. Bilan annuel 2013, avril 2014, 54 pages.
236 Dowden, Cara et Shannon Brennan (Statistique Canada). Les crimes haineux déclarés par la police au Canada,
2010, Article de Juristat, 12 avril 2012, 22 p.
237 Service de police de la Ville de Montréal. « Agent du métro », Service de police de la Ville de Montréal,
http://www.spvm.qc.ca/fr/Pages/Decouvrir-le-SPVM/Decouvrir-le-travail-policier/La-patrouille/Agent-du-metro-, réf. de
novembre 2014.
238 Service de police de la Ville de Montréal. Bilan annuel 2013, avril 2014, 54 pages.
239 Service de police de la Ville de Montréal. Bilan annuel 2013, avril 2014, 54 pages.
Quality of Life
240 The Economist Intelligence Unit. The Safe Cities Index 2015, 2015, 39 p.
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 41
241 Béland, Gabriel. « Les Montréalais satisfaits de leur qualité de vie », La Presse, 6 juillet 2011,
http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/regional/montreal/201107/06/01-4415365-les-montrealais-satisfaits-de-leur-qualite-
de-vie.php, réf. d’octobre 2014.
242 Lonely Planet. « World's 10 happiest places », Lonely Planet, 10 mai 2010,
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/vanuatu/travel-tips-and-articles/54565, réf. d’octobre 2014.
243 Mercer LCC. « 2014 Quality of Living worldwide city rankings – Mercer survey », Mercer, 19 février 2014,
http://www.mercer.com/newsroom/2014-quality-of-living-survey.html, réf. de janvier 2015.
244 Grove, Sophie et Nelly Gocheva. « Top 25 Liveable Cities », Monocle, Vol 6, no 55, juillet/août 2012.
245 Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement. Rapport sur le développement humain – 2013, 2013,
176 p.
246 Union des Banques Suisses (UBS). Prices and Earnings, édition 2012, septembre 2012, 45 pages.
247 L’Express. « Les pays les plus généreux en congés payés », L’Express, 16 janvier 2012,
http://www.lexpress.fr/diaporama/diapo-photo/emploi-carriere/emploi/les-pays-les-plus-genereux-en-conges-
payes_1062157.html, réf. d’octobre 2014.
248 Union des Banques Suisses (UBS). Prices and Earnings, édition 2012, septembre 2012, 45 pages.
249 Ville de Montréal. « Réseau des grands parcs », Ville de Montréal, http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/grandsparcs, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
250 Ville de Montréal. « Parcs et espaces verts », Ville de Montréal – Arrondissement de Ville-Marie,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=7317,78925669&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL, réf. d’octobre
2014.
251 Richard, Michael Graham. « Vancouver Crowned Most Walkable City in Canada », TreeHugger, 23 janvier 2013,
http://www.treehugger.com/public-transportation/vancouver-crowned-most-walkable-city-canada-walkscore.html, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
252 « Friendliest Cities in the World », Rough Guides, http://www.roughguides.com/gallery/the-worlds-friendliest-cities-
as-voted-by-you/#/13, réf. de novembre 2014.
Religious Patrimony
253 Inventaire des lieux de culte du Québec. http://www.lieuxdeculte.qc.ca, 2006, réf. d’octobre 2014.
254 Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal. « Historique », Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal,
http://www.basiliquenddm.org/fr/basilique/historique.aspx, réf d’octobre 2014.
255 Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal. « Historique », Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal,
http://www.basiliquenddm.org/fr/basilique/historique.aspx, réf d’octobre 2014.
256 Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal. « Saviez-vous que…? », Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal,
http://www.basiliquenddm.org/fr/basilique/saviez-vous.aspx, réf d’octobre 2014.
257 Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal. « Saviez-vous que…? », Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal,
http://www.basiliquenddm.org/fr/basilique/saviez-vous.aspx, réf d’octobre 2014.
258 Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal. « Saviez-vous que…? », Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal,
http://www.basiliquenddm.org/fr/basilique/saviez-vous.aspx, réf d’octobre 2014.
259 « Basilique-cathédrale Marie-Reine-du-Monde de Montréal », Wikipedia, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilique-
cath%C3%A9drale_Marie-Reine-du-Monde_de_Montr%C3%A9al, réf. d’octobre 2014.
260 « Basilique-cathédrale Marie-Reine-du-Monde de Montréal », Wikipedia, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilique-
cath%C3%A9drale_Marie-Reine-du-Monde_de_Montr%C3%A9al, réf. d’octobre 2014.
261 Cathédrale Marie-Reine-du-Monde. « Histoire », Cathédrale de Montréal, http://cathedrale-
mrdm.blogspot.ca/p/histoire.html, réf. d’octobre 2014.
262 Cathédrale Marie-Reine-du-Monde. « Histoire », Cathédrale de Montréal, http://cathedrale-
mrdm.blogspot.ca/p/histoire.html, réf. d’octobre 2014.
263 « Oratoire Saint-Joseph », Wikipedia, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oratoire_Saint-Joseph_du_Mont-Royal, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
264 Oratoire Saint-Joseph. « The History of Saint Joseph's Oratory », Oratoire Saint-Joseph, http://www.saint-
joseph.org/en_1032_index.php, réf. d’octobre 2014.
265 « Oratoire Saint-Joseph », Wikipedia, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oratoire_Saint-Joseph_du_Mont-Royal, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
266 « Oratoire Saint-Joseph », Wikipedia, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oratoire_Saint-Joseph_du_Mont-Royal, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
267 « Oratoire Saint-Joseph », Wikipedia, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oratoire_Saint-Joseph_du_Mont-Royal, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
268 Communication courriel avec l’Oratoire Saint-Joseph, novembre 2014.
269 « Oratoire Saint-Joseph », Wikipedia, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oratoire_Saint-Joseph_du_Mont-Royal, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 42
270 « Oratoire Saint-Joseph », Wikipedia, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oratoire_Saint-Joseph_du_Mont-Royal, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
271 Oratoire Saint-Joseph. « Saint frère André », Oratoire Saint-Joseph, http://www.saint-
joseph.org/fr_1078_index.php, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Leduc, Louise. « Le frère André sera canonisé le 17 octobre », La Presse, 19 février 2010,
http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/quebec-canada/national/201002/19/01-953178-le-frere-andre-sera-canonise-le-17-
octobre.php, réf. d’octobre 2014.
272 TVA Nouvelles. « Kateri Tekakwitha est canonisée », TVA Nouvelles, 21 octobre 2012,
http://tvanouvelles.ca/lcn/infos/national/archives/2012/10/20121021-071824.html, réf. d’octobre 2014.
273 Vieux-Montréal. « Fiche d’un bâtiment : Vieux Séminaire de Saint-Sulpice ».
http://www.vieux.montreal.qc.ca/inventaire/fiches/fiche_bat.php?sec=p&num=1, réf. d’octobre 2014.
274 Bourget, Charles. La basilique St. Patrick de Montréal. Le désir d’égaler les grandes œuvres du mouvement
néogothique, s.d. http://www.patrimoine-religieux.qc.ca/fr/pdf/documents/basilique_StPatrick.pdf, réf. d’octobre 2014.
275 Agence Parcs Canada. « Le répertoire », Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada, http://www.historicplaces.ca/fr/rep-
reg/search-recherche.aspx, réf. d’octobre 2014.
276 Fondation du patrimoine religieux du Québec. Inventaire des lieux de culte du Québec – Rapport d’activités, s.d.,
http://www.patrimoine-religieux.qc.ca/fr/pdf/ILCQrapport_act_2006-02.pdf, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Restaurants
277 Communication courriel avec la Ville de Montréal pour le nombre de restaurants à Montréal, dans l’arrondissement
Ville-Marie et dans l’arrondissement du Plateau Mont-Royal, novembre 2014.
278 Communication courriel avec le Ministère de l’Agriculture des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation (MAPAQ), Direction
de la normalisation et de l’appui à l’inspection des aliments, novembre 2014.
279 Régie des alcools, des courses et des jeux. Permis actifs par catégorie, août 2014, 1073 p.
280 Union des Banques Suisses (UBS). Prices and Earnings, édition 2012, septembre 2012, 45 pages.
281 Tourisme Montréal. MTL à Table, http://www.tourisme-montreal.org/mtlatable, réf. d’octobre 2014.
282 Association des restaurateurs de rue du Québec. http://cuisinederue.org/, réf d’octobre 2014.
283 Festival Montréal en Lumière, http://www.montrealenlumiere.com, réf. d’octobre 2014.
284Kennedy Duckett, Maryellen. « Best Winter Trips 2015 », National Geographic,
http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/best-winter-trips-2015/#/montreal-en-lumiere_86074_600x450.jpg, réf. de
décembre 2014.
285 Lapierre, Valérie. « Le Réseau des villes gourmandes comprendra désormais Montréal », La Revue HRI, 4
octobre 2007, http://www.hrimag.com/Le-Reseau-des-villes-gourmandes, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Réseau Délice. « Villes membres », Réseau Délice, http://delice-network.org/membres-de-delice/, réf. de
décembre 2014.
286 Alexander, Kevin. « The World’s 18 Best Food Cities, Ranked », Thrillist, 29 septembre 2014,
http://www.thrillist.com/eat/nation/the-world-s-best-food-cities, réf. de novembre 2014.
287 Ludovic. « L'académie du chocolat s'installe à Montréal », So Montréal, 6 octobre 2014,
http://www.somontreal.ca/2014/10/06/lacademie-du-chocolat-sinstalle-a-montreal/, réf. de novembre 2014.
Sports and Leisure
288 Ville de Montréal. « Sport Professionnel », Ville de Montréal,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=9037,101773708&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL, réf. de novembre
2014.
289 « Ligue de football universitaire du Québec », Wikipédia,
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligue_de_football_universitaire_du_Qu%C3%A9bec, réf. de novembre 2014.
290 « Sport à Montréal », Wikipédia, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_%C3%A0_Montr%C3%A9al, réf. d’octobre 2014.
291 Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. « Regard sur le hockey », Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, 16 décembre 2010,
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/hockey/024002-2005-f.html?PHPSESSID=tt3r1mm5qa8elmrfd1aestvs30, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
292 Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. « Regard sur le hockey », Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, 16 décembre 2010,
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/hockey/024002-2005-f.html?PHPSESSID=tt3r1mm5qa8elmrfd1aestvs30, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
293 « National Hockey League », Wikipédia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League, réf. d’octobre 2014.
294 « Centenaire des Canadiens de Montréal », Wikipedia,
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centenaire_des_Canadiens_de_Montr%C3%A9al, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 43
374 Ville de Montréal. « RÉSO », Arrondissement Ville-Marie,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=7317,79977650&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL, réf. de novembre
2014.
375 Ville de Montréal. « RÉSO », Arrondissement Ville-Marie,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=7317,79977650&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL, réf. de novembre
2014.
376 Ville de Montréal. « RÉSO », Arrondissement Ville-Marie,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=7317,79977650&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL, réf. de novembre
2014.
Urban Transportation
377 Société de transport de Montréal. Rapport d’activités 2013, 2014, 70 pages.
378 Société de transport de Montréal. Rapport d’activités 2013, 2014, 70 pages.
379 Agence métropolitaine de transport. Rapport d’activités 2013, 2014, 74 pages.
380 Société de transport de Montréal. « Le métro de Montréal toujours le plus productif! », Info STM, 26 octobre 2010,
1 page.
381 « La station Champs-de-Mars est la plus belle station de métro au monde », La Presse, 12 décembre 2014,
http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/regional/201112/12/01-4476977-la-station-champ-de-mars-est-la-plus-belle-station-
de-metro-au-monde.php, réf. de décembre 2014.
382 Secrétariat aux enquêtes Origine-Destination métropolitaines. Enquête Origine-Destination 2008, s.d., 26 pages.
383 Bureau du taxi et du remorquage (Ville de Montréal). « Portrait de l'industrie du taxi à Montréal, 2010-2011 »,
Montréal en statistiques,
http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=6897,85891610&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL, réf. de novembre
2014.
384 Union des Banques Suisses (UBS). Prices and Earnings, édition 2012, septembre 2012, 45 pages.
385 Ville de Montréal. « Liste - Ponts et tunnels de l'île de Montréal », Banque d’information 311,
http://www1.ville.montreal.qc.ca/banque311/content/ponts-et-tunnels-de-l%C3%AEle-de-montr%C3%A9al, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
Google Maps, http://maps.google.com, réf. d’octobre 2014.
386 IBM. « IBM Global Commuter Pain Survey: Traffic Congestion Down, Pain Way Up », IBM News Room, 8
septembre 2011, http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/35359.wss, réf. d’octobre 2014.
387 Turcotte, Martin. « Se rendre au travail : résultats de l’Enquête sociale générale de 2010 », Tendances sociales
canadiennes, no 92, Hiver 2011, pp. 27-39.
Video Games
388 Montréal International. « Cinéma et télévision », Montréal International,
http://www.montrealinternational.com/innover-cinema-et-television/, réf. d’octobre 2014.
389 Université de Montréal, « L’UdeM et le jeu vidéo », UdeM Nouvelles, 14 janvier 2013.
http://www.nouvelles.umontreal.ca/journal-forum/dossiers-speciaux/20130114-l-udem-et-le-jeu-video.html, réf.
d’octobre 2014.
390 Bertrand, Maxime. « Création de 100 emplois chez Warner Bros à Montréal », Ici Radio-Canada, 4 octobre 2013,
http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/economie/2013/10/04/002-warner-bros-annonce-emplois.shtml, réf. d’octobre
2014.
391 Benessaieh, Karim. « Ubisoft Montréal couronné à Londres », La Presse, 28 octobre 2014,
http://techno.lapresse.ca/nouvelles/logiciels/201410/28/01-4813489-ubisoft-montreal-couronne-a-londres.php, réf. de
novembre 2014.
392 Miller, Solveig. « Montréal, Mecque du jeu vidéo », Radio-Canada, 10 janvier 2012, http://www.radio-
canada.ca/emissions/telejournal_18h/2011-2012/reportage.asp?iddoc=195055&autoplay, réf. d'octobre 2014.
393 Montréal International. « Cloudcade ouvre un bureau dans le Grand Montréal », Montréal International
(communiqué), 9 octobre 2014, http://www.montrealinternational.com/a-propos/salle-de-presse/cloudcade-ouvre-
bureau-grand-montreal/, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Visual and Special Effects
394 Bureau du cinéma et de la télévision du Québec, Bilan d’activité 2013-2014, 2014, 18p.
395 Bureau du cinéma et de la télévision du Québec, Bilan d’activité 2011-2012, 2012, 18 p.
396 Parent, Marie-Joëlle. « Capitale mondiale des effets spéciaux », Canoë, 15 novembre 2007,
http://fr.canoe.ca/divertissement/cinema/nouvelles/2007/11/15/4658301-jdm.html, réf. d’octobre 2014.
Montréal is… 2015 – Updated February 2015 47
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