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POWER AND POLITICS 2 35 Impressum Neue Dauerausstellung im ersten Obergeschoss Inhaltliches Konzept: Jürg Simonett Yves Mühlemann Gestaltung Ausstellung und Grafik:

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Published by , 2017-04-23 22:40:04

POWER AND POLITICS - Graubünden

POWER AND POLITICS 2 35 Impressum Neue Dauerausstellung im ersten Obergeschoss Inhaltliches Konzept: Jürg Simonett Yves Mühlemann Gestaltung Ausstellung und Grafik:

POWER AND POLITICS

324

TImhperessescuomnd and most magnificent floor of the
bNueuiledDinaguedraeuaslsstewlliutnhgtihmee“rstrteandOitbieorngaels”chwosasy of historical
interpretation: events, (mostly male) individuals,
jInuhsatlitcliec,heosffKicoenzsepatn: d institutions. The display focuses
coonvdeartsessJYigüavernngsidfSMicciümhahonrlneotmenetaotxnlaonmgyp.leItsisinnsotet aedx.hEauitshteivrew, abyu,t
pGeoswtaeltruangndAupsostleitlilcunsgaurned iGnrvaofilkv:ed.

gasser, derungs Innenarchitekturen

- Who had and who still has power?
-BaHuolicwhewMaasssannadhmheonw: is power still wielded?
- What kHinocdhsboaufapmotwGerrauabrüendthenere?
- How doRuwdeolrf eFocnotgannaiz&e Ppaorwtneerr?AG

Übersetzungen:

In this peStrasnpdeecsktiavnez,leeiaGcrhaurboüonmdendisplays important
subjectsJeosfstihcaeTGanrgison’s history:
Armies and Wars; Masters and Castles; The Three
LFoetaosg:ues and the Subject Territory Valtellina; The
Dark SidReätoisfcJhuessMtiucseeum

Die Südostschweiz

Foreign BinütnedrneesrtTsaginbltahtte Alpine passes and a
lLaenihdgsabceanp:e divided into small political sections
remaineAdrcchoänoslotgainscthtehrrDoiuegnshtoGurtauthbüenGdernison’s history.
The builKdainngtownshbiicbhliohthoeuksGersauthbüenmdeunseum makes
part of thStiasahtsisartcohriyv.GFroaurbcüenndteunries, the Buol family
belongeEdhteopabaortThrethppe, GCirniusoosn-csh’ eulpper and ruling
classes.

2007 © Rätisches Museum, Chur

335

THE DARKPOWER AND POLITICS SIDE
OF JUSTICEHow do we recognize power?

1 Johannes Paul Beeli von Belfort, evang. Pfarrer in Chur
(und Chiavenna?), um 1700

2 Walo Burkart, Kreisförster und Archäologe, 1877-1952

3 Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, Inhaber der Herrschaft Misox,
1487-1518

4 Andreas Gadient, Divisionär, geboren 1927

5 Napoleon Bonaparte, französischer Kaiser, 1769-1821

6 Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, Regierungsrätin seit 1999,
geboren 1956

7 Mädchen aus der Churer Familie Laurer, 1827-1846

8 Otto Barblan, Komponist, 1860-1943

9 Barbara Danuser aus Felsberg, Arbeitslehrerin und
Gemüsegärtnerin, 1899-1986

10 Donat Cadruvi, Regierungsrat 1979-88, 1923-1998

11 Margaretha Enderlin von Montzwick, 1647-1711

12 Wilhelm Maria Rizzi, Kirchen- und Portrait-Maler,
1802-1858

13 Rodolfo Baldini und Giulia Baldini-Santi, Bergeller Familie
in Italien, erste Hälfte 19. Jahrhundert

342

C14rimiGnaablrilealwe doefGtahberiTehli,rAerechLiteeakgt auuessRwovaesreadfof,a1i6r71o-f17th47e
UwC15onautsirlitnJPtohCouhleoiastimMnekne.mirdFD, r-u1iiN7sen8adie0nrss-iet1c.r8htoe4vue4osnntwThsacChseatrnhnteeurrf, ayC,chltuortceharalPtu“tcboolrizntiusstrtiuetnuwdtiaosn”
p16ermBitetrendhatorddLraauwrera-Rciosnchfe, Aspsoiothne.kNera, CtuhurraelrlyZ,utnhfitsmleeisatedr,
to coe1r76c4e-d18s2t3atements and denunciation of innocent
peoplBEele.irsnahbaertdh,L1a7u7r4e-1r8-R47isch, Gattin des Zunftmeisters

E17specMiaarltliyniSnchthreeib1e7rt-hRiCscehn, tPuorsyth,awltietrcihn Thhuunstiss, r18a1v2a-1g8e7d1 in
numerous valleys of the Grisons. The majority of the
vw18icetriemU1w7sg7ooa8mFc-1oce8su2ncs7o.elod, iotaflihenairsmchfeurlDmichatgeirc, E(mScighraandteimnsMziasuoxb,er)

19 Ulysses von Salis-Marschlins, führender Politiker,

The e1x7e2c8u-1t8io00ner played a central role in the court

ciC2n0aossuterrsutgG.meCiuIbnoseoemrnopetrnmsNd1aeuw9yr4n,e2eetrioedhggaseehdntöoasawnsninseectxhaoeercrtlhyuBetucinooadnncefecseurrsisctshheitoodenu.r ,Ng19thoh8,t9ea-e2ntvo0de0rr6t,yure

p21ainsJhohaadnntoGbauedteankzevnonfoSarlCish-Suere’ws ies,xOefcfiuztieior nunedr,Doicfhtetenr,
called17M62a-1s8t3e4r John (Meister Hans).

Mt2o2arnuyrGaeiolxveraocnaundtiiSsoenignaponltaridnciee, rsMtawoleedrr,ee1m8l5oo8cn-1as8tt9er9datien vicinity
the

c23onseKqaurlednecreGsroosfsce,rdimeuets. cIhnetrhKeönciag nutnodnKaalispeer,n7a6l8-l8a1w4

of 1851 death penalty was left only for a few capital
c24rimeJ1s5ö9.r6g-J1e6n3a9tsch, evangelischer Pfarrer, Offizier, Politiker,

T25ortuVrietuasnHduodnedaetrh, CpheunrearlBtyishchaovfesenito2t0d0i7s,agpebpoeraenre1d94.2
Amnesty International keeps standing up for the
2a6bolituinobneokafntnotretsusrietz.endes Kleinkind, um 1800

27 Pater Placi a Spescha, Mönch und Forscher, 1752-1833
353

T28he UnGoefofircgiaFliCeanpt,itkaalntB. yK4a5n1zlCehisuerkwreatsärEpuinsdcoSpcahlrsifetest.eAlfleterr,
foundin18g4t5h-e19L1e2ague of the House of God (Gotteshausbund) in
1367, the Bishop’s power dwindled. The foundation of the 5 Guilds
(259ZünfJtoes) iians1H46a5rtamnadntnheauRsefSoaryms,atSiocnhüatfzteern1w5e2l3tm, leeidstteort,he
emanc1ip8a9t3i-o1n9o8f2the citizens.

L30ike itsOrctoluienbtevropnarBtraatntdhies,sCohuuthreerrnBfiosocthooff,t1h4e5A8l-p1s4,9C1hiavenna,
Cb31ahsuer,dnAoonntgibteesliignkegaoaKgfaroaurpfmfhmiaclaacnlanpp,oiMstaiatlil,oeynreiatnns, degreevbceoodrnefounmnincictCaiolhnsusirg,on1fi7fa4icc1ae-n1n8ct0ee7.r,
F32oreigMn eatmabvaosnsSaadloirss-Mfaavrosrcehdlitnhse,oHnilsytovreirkietarbinleuGndrison city for
their reFsraidueenncree.cRhetlpeirnien,G1r8is5o5n-1n9a1is5, too, liked to flock after a
Fahnlilupf to the tribunal in Chur.
33 Johannes Guler von Wynegg (der ältere), Heerführer,
As cityHtihsatot rcihkaeirr,e1d56th2e-1L6e3a7gue of the House of God, Chur was on
the same level with Davos, which chaired the League of the Ten
J3u4risdCicatirolnosC(aZseahtni,gsepraicnhistecnhbeur nBdo)tasnchdaIlfatenrz,,gwehsticohrbcehnai1r7e3d0the
GC(3G5oreenryviceohn1Art8tnUsi1odgp9nrep-se1mea8wres8iLit9nRehduamedgnuoe)lesfas(vlGetoenrnragnuPeaerltsarenoolytfdatte,ohrUoeOknCbtpeoelruranercetrehCBomounmnetrdhm)ue.usnnedetPshorleiteiker,
li3to6scaotwionCnhssur. irCsrhtoiuuarnnndKienlvugecrdkosemur,ciBcneieoerndg.efüIdthsirnleebrg,ea1cl8op5mo2si-n1itg9io2an8cniteyv-esrtastteoowditohut
s3i7gnificGaianctlhyeanmCoansgptahreMruuorathl ,CLoeuhrrteCr,oHmimstourniekse.r und Dichter,

1844-1906
The Freestate of the Three Leagues (Freistaat der Drei
B38ündeA) n. eFveeldr shcahdear paeursmMaanseenint ,aSdcmhianuisstpriaetlieorninorRguosvselrannmd,ent.
The ad1m82in5i-s1t8ra8t5ion of Chur settled most of the few tasks.
Correspondence to the Freestate was first opened by the
p3r9esidHenetinoifHtheemLmeai,gOuelyomfpthiaesHieoguesre19o7f 6Giomd (Ruinetsile1n7s0la0loamlw,ays
the MagyeobroorfeCnh1u9r4)9, later by a city councilor. The town chronicler
s4e0cureGdetohregmPahnilaipgpemvoenntSocfhtahueefneswtecionl,lFercetiivheerfur nvdosn.Haldenstein

1671-1695, auf einem Gulden

360

4T1he SuJbojheacntsn IAnlo1i5s12W,othlfeaTuhsrUeentLeeravagzu,es conquered the Valtellina
and theScchowunetizieesr oTfaCmhbioauver-nMnaajaonr,d1B8o3r9m-1i9o2.7Thus they not only

controlled the Alpine passes at the northern, but also at the
4so2uthePronmfopoetjoufstvhoenmPolaunnttaa,infü. hrender Politiker, 1569-1621

4H3istoriHoegnraripDhyucdidffeeRrsohaabnou, ftraanpzoösssiisbcleheprroFmelidsheeorfr,e1q5u7a9l-r1i6g3h8ts
4Sto4utbhjeecVCtalTaletuerdlrliiiutnosar,iarenösmd. VtihsicceehcgeoerurKennatitieswse.ra,Isn4t1rh-ee5a4slittnay.,tCethhgreoyvwerenroertbreaasteeddinas
4S5ondriAon; otonnhioisdseidMeosltionoad, PthoelitVikicearrui.nTdhMeyilwitäerreaussupdpeomrted by a
CommCisaslaarniciantCalh,icaav.e1n5n8a0a-n16d5P0odestàs in six other locations.
The posts were assigned in rotation by the Court Communes.

46 Maximilian Franz, mehrere Male Regierungsrat, 1814-1889

The entitlement to revenues from forfeits and legal costs

4le7d to sTthaormk absuDsoemaemnoign,gAtrhcehGitreiksto,ngjeubdogreesna1n9d33to bribery in

obtaining the posts. This caused trouble and rebellion, at times of
4co8nfesAsnionnaalMcehiasrsaecrtaeur.sAKt lloesatsetrisn, tgheebloorceanl 1a8d5m5inistration and in

4eO9cftoennotmiRmeicetosli,fGetuh, rethtunepeppro,eTproucullaratissiosmneuswscauosn-taoebprlenereathotmekdeewer,pigthietsbthoineredGnerp1ies9on5nd5ence.

authorities. Deragisch junior, Töpfer in Bugnei (Tujetsch),
50 Sep Antoni

The ac1c8u4m2u-1la9t3i1ng complaints of the subjects remained

5u1nsuccFeidssefluisl.vEovneSniagfmtearrtinhegeFnr,eMncährtRyerevor,lu15ti7o7n-,1e6q2u2al rights
were ineligible for the majority of the Grisonnais. Thus, in 1797,

5th2e ValMtealglidnaal,eCnhaiaMveanrtnuallaon-dBBloocrhmerio, Lweeitreerincdoerrporated into the
CisalpEinMeSR-eCphuebmlicieaHnodlldoisntgfAorGe,vgeerbfoorretnhe19G6r9isons, a loss that

had enormous economic consequences.
53 Cla Feuerstein, Jäger, Scuol, um 1920

The Regnancy of Maienfeld was in an odd position: It belonged
5Jtou4rthisedSdGiceuitarbionjHenFecsrrt,arbTnseeccrihneragistfcobtoroMiTtehirssidovaxousml1wz5iien1ol8a,l-tlae1es5tdz4tato9en,rtdahIuendfhoLemaeibnaienegramunetToeaftsttthoheneeTseanme

5ti5me. Maria Franz, geborene Cloëtta, Gattin von
Regierungsrat Franz, 1816-1897

371

5T6he CoJuorhtaCnonmGmauudneenszOvonnthSeaRlise-cSoerdew(Lias,nOdbffuizcihe)r, uthned Dichter,
constit1u7t6io2n-1,8o3f 41622 of the Court Commune (Gerichtsgemeinde)

Avers the following can be read:
5„W7 e haTvoeboiausr Dowefnlosrcienp, tKearmanindfesgeearl,mreoidstaenrdingaTlrluonw,sg,etbhoarneknG1o9d0,3

5wTso8hevisderoperJ1niog7aou6nktd5tooy-bsw1at8Uean4tlade1rnimjcuyherfionSsrtdpegiricigevtncieohssneou.rvsevaorneniigBdneeraannoedfgtmgh,eafscütehenrrtearnnadlyetshryimPnogbl.oi”tliskeorf,

5T9he AvSeirms evoanlleByewneasdiocnt,eeovfatnhgeealipspcrhoexrimPfaatrere5r0 iCnoCuhrut rC, o1m76m7-u1n8e3s2

6in0the FArmeeaslitaatveonofStphreeTchhreere-vLoenagMuaersch(Fioreni,s1t8a2a9t -d1e8r7D9rei Bünde),
which were endued with a high degree of independence. Each

6C1ourt CHoamnsmpeutneersLpeabnrnuemdeanvta, lVleryloergethr,egseebcotrioen o1f94a1valley and
joined several Neighborships, corresponding approximately

6th2e polUitnicdailcmh:uHnaicbiepaiclihtiaeuscohf tMoadcahy.t?LiMkeacthodeaicy,htahuecMhaPyoolritik?

(Landammann), a post appointed to a male citizen by the Country
6A3ssemJbolhy,npHreitszidaeuds oKvleorsttehresC, SouchrtwCeoizmermGuennee.rAatlkwoanrsliukleinevents,
the troWopas(dhainsg“tFoänh, n17le9i7n-”1),8w64ent to war under the flag of the High

Court. Coray, Brückenbauer, 1869-1946
64 Richard

6tTo5htehCeoHDuiirgothkClCeootmiuamrnt,uornföeTmhHiusescinihsze,erwnKbaaesirspgea,rrf,to2or8fi4nt-hs3et0aG5nrcnee.y,CwohrhrU.icphpbeerlLonegagedue.
6It6s NeiJgohsbeoprhshuispvsownitPhlianntthae, VCoorusrtteCheormdmesunBeriwtiesrheMFulesreduemn,,
Portein17, 4P4r-ä1z8,2S7arn and Urmein.

6T7he GrPiseotnerCZouumrttChoorm, Amrucnheitsekwte, rgeebsmoraelnl s1t9a4t3es with far reaching
authorities. They all belonged to one of the Three Leagues,
6bu8ildinAglfaresodv(eFrleoirgina,nbAudt owlef)avkosntaPtleanwtiath, Ncoantisotnraiclrteadt, authorities,
mainlyBinotfsocrheaigftnerpoinlitRicosm. EunnddeBaevorlrisn,in18s5ta7n-1d9a2r2dization, such as
6mtCh9eaensstsuaerm1Jsy7aeaa9kn1aopd-sbo1wiu8Bnn6eeC7dieghlihniu-trSst.h,pewreMecruhenehsra,terCdralVfyéastliuleecrycie(nVsaPslofuMsleü.nEstv(aheienru)itndeitdihnnePo1to8lwteheni)g, h

70 Leon Schlumpf, Bundesrat 1980-87, geboren 1925

288

7T1he “BJiegaSnhdoetsC”aAstfeelwmduor,zfernasnzn.oBbalerofanm, ilies and clans built up
the rulBinugrgcblaesssit.zPeroimn Sinteanmtpaam-Conogltuthream, 18w0e0r-e18th7e1 Salis and the
Planta. In the relatively democratic leagues, these families were
7u2nableAtuogiunsvotukse, ornömpoislicthicearlKpariivsieler,g2e7svt.hCohurg.h-1.4Inns.tCeahdr., they stood
7aou3fat rofretBhaaecnhcairndogewtngdeFbtwyontohtraekni.raLr,iekFvereeanilhuleewistos,mhtheeelndir,, ffgeoemrftauallnleeenasr,1ie4sd9tou9ccraatitosnwaenrde
7bim4arproerdteJafoindrhotgam.pnOantrbhtWeeorifpflohmorelsialttrmiicrnaisFalpogpereukt-butaloninrca,d.t1NhC8ee2ovr2aee-zdr1,t9iTht1oae8rplyeosgssrtr,aatf,hteegyiefosr.med an

7T5he coGmamudoennmz avnonlePftlathnetam, „odsetrimBpäor“r,tafünhtraennddoefrtePnolbitriikbearb, le
posts i1n7t5h7e-1C8o3u4rt Communes, Leagues and the Subject
Territories to this elite. Usually, he depended on them, not
7n6ecessCaornilryapdovliotincaPlllayn, btau,teercsotneor mBüicnadlnlye. rALt asnpdoerasdhiacuipnttmeravnanlsi,m
FahnlilVuepltfienn, 1a5n1d2tribunals were held against the so-called “Big
Shots”.
7A7commGiounliaacScaunstai,tisopnäwtearsetBhaeladcintiin, 1g8i3n6opposition to the
7ldsotr8waatceeor’sncOgiileantatbntsoeossrLreeeeasnsnrtt-ges1ain9.ascO2de6ifèntsre.wnmTa,hirttehliyFekawsemeetirsimlepieeen,scoR,itahealaglcwrioedaursuyrhstnispgaosarfrneajdbutesf1lat9limci7oe5inn-im1fer9op-8mob6su, etthde
7of9ten aFmeleixanMsaorfiapDariotyggp,oPlitoirctsr.ait-Maler, 1762-1834

8P0erhapAsnbtoencaCuasdeoonfatuh,eKpaouwfmerafnunl puonsditWioonholtfäintedri,v1id8u5a0l-1fa9m29ilies
and the often violent politics, a grim popular expression was
8cr1eateRd:icInhatrhde LGariNsoicncsay, oInugneeneiedutrh,r1e7e94p-e1o8p8l3e to bring a person
from life to death: One Salis (willow; bend up the lower left arm),
a82PlanTtaib(pelraiunst;, sröamiesmchoevreAmlpeennt fweiltdhzuthge1l5ovw.eCrhrri.g, ht arm) and a
TraverKsa(cisreorss1b4e-3a7mn; .aCdhurm. brate a crossbeam above).

83 Christine Mohr, geboren 1671

299



FThroemvatrhieou1s6tmh itloitathrey c1o8nthfliCcetsntfurorym, parnetsiqeunitt-ydtaoythe
pGrreissoennst rceofnlesicsttethdeoefvtehnetFfurleheissttaotreyoofftthheeTGhrrieseons
aLnedagtuhesi.mItpworatsanacseseomf tbhle drebgyiothne. Upper or Grey
League, the League of the House of God and the
ILne1a5guBe.Co.f, the TReonmJaunrsisldeidctaiocnasm. paign over the
Raetian passes to both secure themselves better
DaguaeintostatnheabAslepnintececnlatrnaslapnodwteor,ctohneqFuedr enreawl Charta of
p15ro2v4inacetesd. as constitutional foundation. Communes
rAetptlhaecedndloocfatlhfeeu15dtahl nCoebnitluitryy.,GthriesoLnesagwuaesosfptlhiteinto
aHpopursoexiomf Gatoedlya5n0dCthoeurLteCaogmuemoufnthees.TAednjuJduircisadtiiocntions
afonrdmleadndamn aarllkiarnuclienwg iwthasthreeaScwhiesds Cbyonafnedoepreanticoonuncil
awgitahininsththeeCHouarbtsCbuormgms.uIneths.eNaeftveerrmthaetlhe,stsh,einSfwluaebniacen
aWnadrp(Socwhewraobfethnekrriuelgin) ogfc1l4a9s9secsamstielltgooavebrlonoeddybeanlldo.ts
tChornofuegshsoiounta. lly and politically torn, the Grisons
BbeycraemaseoennogfaigtsedgeinogthreapThhiicratlylYoecaartsio’nW, athre Bishop’s
s(Dereeaisnsdigitjäshsriizgee,rCKhruiaerg,b1e6c1a8m-e1t6h4e8u) annodffiwciearlecoapnithale.
verge of breaking up. Famine and the plague followed
tBheetwdeperne1d5a1t2ioannsdo1f 7w9a2r,. the Three Leagues ruled
fInor1a7l9m9,obsat ttthleresebceet wnteuernietsheovgerretahteEirursoupbejeacntspoinwtehres
Vbaroltkeelloinuat,. CDheisapvietenngariamndreBsoisrtmanioc,ea,tFtrheenschouttrhoeorpns
sfoeoizteodf the Acolpuinnteryp.asses.
ADtutrhinegeSnedcoofntdheW1o8rtlhd CWeanrt,uervye,rtyhedaFyreliefestoafttehe
pofopthuelaTthiorneewLaesamguaedse ldoisffticituslt“.cEovloenryiems”aunnwdhitoswas fit
ifnodrempielintdareyncse.rBviectewheaednt1o7s9t9opanwdo1r8k0in3gitawt tahseploarctalof
tbhuesiHnelsvsetainand Rseerpvuebalitct.hSeinbcoerd18e0r.3, the Grisons is a
canton of the Swiss Confederation.

2117

C15laBc.kCi.n:gTDheicReoinmsatenaCdaomf pRaaitgtnlinIgn AthremssumHmelmereotfs,15swBo.Crd.,sTaibnedrius
danagdgDerrussruasr,eblyotahpspteeaprsaomnsonofgtthheeEfimndpseroonrcAausgtluesst.uWs,itshtatrhteed with
ethxecierplteiognioonfsparopjueschtialegapioninststh, we enaoprothn. fAinndcsieanrtearuatrheo.rWs ereapornts
stheartvethdehRuonmtinagn paurmrpioesseasd, vbauntcweedrwe iathlsino arciosutopclreaotifcmsotanttuhss from
sthyemwbeoslst.aEsvfearryadsayLlaifkeeoCnoansRtaentciaenancadsftrloemwathsepsroubtahbloyvrearrtehley
bSelplticimoseer.pass through the Bergell. Additional military units
toured from Trento over the Reschen or the Brenner passes to the
Snormthe.amusements, such as knight tournaments, hunting and
falconry, were exclusively reserved for the aristocrats. Others
rFeinsdesmfbrloemd thoesreegoifocnoomfmthoenSpeepotpimlee.rGpaamsbslainngdatht ehiOghbesrthaaklebss,tein
finodr iecxaatemtphlaet, uwnaistsefxrtormemtherlyeepolepguiloanr.sTahdevadnicceewd.hBicehsiwdersesulisnegd
tbougllaemtsbwleitahnmdaprlkasy,owf ethre m3radd, e10otfhbaonndes1.2Bthoalergdiogna,mtheesr, esuwcehraes
Botahcekrgparmojmecotnileasn,dfrNaignme Menetns’sofMvoarrrioisuws ewreeawpoidnesl,ycslperaetsa,df.ibCuhleasss,,
wtehnitcpheogrsigaindatceodinfrso.m the Far East, also appealed to Raetians.
.
SComebtaitmsetos,omk pulsaicefiilnletdhethreehgaiolnlsoofftthheeCcraasptlSees.sNgoregleaborate
m(Oubseirchianlsbtsrtuemine).nTtshewReroemfaonunadrminiethsebGy rfaisroonustctolatshsiseddathyethlocuaglh.
Htreoroep,sp.eTohpulse,pthroebRaobmlyasnanleggaionndsmwaedre mabulseictowaidthvasnimcepolever
iLnesntrzuermheenidtse,assufcahraasstChheupro. pFurolamr jtehwer’se,htahrepyacnodnbtionnue dfltuhteisr. way
GthlreoeumgehnthaendAltpoiunreinRghminiensVtarlelelsy mtoatyhehanvoertehn.tIenrtahieneadretaheof Lake
iCnohnasbtiatannctes, tohfecaesntlieres,Rmomucahnlitkreoompisnangegsrinegeartesdwihnoosrdanergtaobmouotve
loonvetofoAruagnsbuunrrge(aBcahvaabrliea)a.ristocratic lady. Not much is known
about the spread of knightly culture in Raetian aristocracy.
ADfutreirnagltlh, teweondtierepicatimonpsaifgrnom, ththeeRMomanaensssceoMnqauneursecdrinpot alensdstthhean
t4e6rtrraicboetst.aAfmiguornignethoefma mthiennReigcuosucpil(eO, btwerohlaolvbesrtse,ino)n, tahheoSrusaenpeotienst
a(FtoarneiRntheinreesVtainllethy)isadnidrethcteioCna.lucones (area around Chur) are
suspected. As a result, the Alpine tribes kept quiet and remained
loyal against the Roman sovereignty. The conquest of the Alps
was a significant step in Roman policy of expansion.

2124

1E4v9e9r:ydTahye LSiwfeaibniatnheWCaarstTlheeISt wabsidaanrWk arndwacosoinl finluleanteced by a
muedltiiatuedvaelocfagsrteleast.bOanttllyefseawnrdosommasllcoaumldbubsehheesa. tTehde. ISnwwisinstaenr,dthe
tinhheaGbritisaonntsnahiasdstuocbceaer dweidndinowcrsuacniadl carcehnievlsemwietnhtws oaogdaeinnsst hthuetters
Htoapbrsobtuercgt tshuepmersieolrvietys. against wind and cold. The fireplace was
the center of the dwelling and was used to heat, cook, and light
Tthheescpivaiclep.opulation suffered severely under the acts of war.
Especially the Munster Valley (Münstertal) and the Engadine were
wThaer-ermavearggeedn.cSehoafttheerincegrraempoicr-ttsilpeodrsttroavyeministehreylanted1f2amthinCe notfury
tchoenstimdeer.aEbvleyninucnrdeearsethdeccoommfobrattiannthsecrcuaesltlme.aAststahcerebsegoicncnuirnrge,d,
ethsepeticleiasllwy ethre sShwaipsesdhlaidkeabreeapkuetarsti,olnatoefr“tnhoetykweepreinrgepcrtaisnognuelrasr”.
shaped, glazed and adorned. A new smoke-free room was the
IrnesthueltBoaf tthle adt vthaencCeadlvheerant gsorugreceo:nthMeapya2r2lo, r14(S99tu, b8e’0).00
Grisonnais fought bravely at the entrenchment against the
HDuabrisnbgutrhgetr1o4othpsC(eanptpurroyx, .th1e3’e0m00emrgeinng).vTithraifnickasttionthoef tlehgeewnidnadroyws
saallcorwifeicdialal rdgeearthopoef nthinegGsriinsothnecwapatlalsin: rBoeonmesdiwkterFeonlitgahnta-f,ltohoedyed
faindalrlyepsruecsceenetdaetidvetohbarlelsakcothurlodubgehu. sTehde yHeaabrsibnu, rygeaerloopuet.dVaenrdy
souftfefenrtehdeyinwtehreecpolnafsutseiroendeavnedn pgarienatteedr,laodsosrense. dThwisithbainttclieseadnd
BdeecnoerdaitkitonFsonatnadnalabtercasmomeethtiemseysmpbaonleollfetdh.eTGortihsiosndfarye,etdhoemre ianre
tnhoepsreocvoensdohf athlfeoufsteheof1t9atpheCsetrniteusriyn. Tthhee Gpreiaskonosf .thInemcualnt yofcahsistles,
ptheersfloonowrsaws ethre cCoavleverendCwelitehbrtialetisonininge1o8m99e.tric or figurative
patterns.
Another place of honor in Grison history belongs to Donna
LCuapstal.eWs hweenrethsecaTrycreolyiafnurtrnoisohpesdrewaitchhewdooTsdcehnlifnu,rintiwtuarse.sFhiendwshloike
osturtaflpa-nwkoerdkt,haedmoranned mloacdkes athnedmkeleyasvterabcyetdelblaincgk tthoetmhethfraetqtuheent
Gusreisofncnhaeisstasr,ecwabaintientgsfaonrdthweamrd. robes. No tables, chairs,
benches and beds remained. Other appliances, such as pots
WanidthbtehaekTerresamtyaodfeBoafssloeaopfs1t4o9n9e, (tLhaevweza)r, ewnodoeddenindfiasvhoeusraonfdthireon
SknwiivsessawnedrtehfeoGunrids.oAnlnlathise.sTehfisinadlsloawtteedsthtoema mtooadfefisrtmevtehreyirday
ilnifdee. pendence within the Holy Roman Empire.

2135





1939-45: The Grisons and the Second World War Switzerland

MASTERS AND CASTLESand the Grisons were spared from the atrocities of war.

Times were influenced by deprivations and fear of German
occupation.

On August 28, 1939, the Federal Government mobilized the border
patrols, two days later Henri Guisan was appointed general by the
Federal Assembly. At the beginning of September, mobilization
of the whole Swiss Army followed. Men who were fit for military
service had to leave their homes and take a long service while the
rest of the family suffered from labor shortage.

Food and fuel were gradually and severely rationed. With the
so-called Cultivation Battle (“Anbauschlacht”), an officially forced
expansion of crop growing on every available free surface area,
the supply of the population with stapled foods was striven for.

Innumerable refugees seeked sanctuary in Switzerland, not all
of them with success. The southern valleys of the Grisons saw
innumerable refugees destinies. In 1941 1200 Polish internees
were accommodated in the Grisons. Numerous so-called Polish
Roads („Polenwege“) such as in the Safien Valley, the Chur
Rhine Valley and the Domleschg, bear witness of their work in
Switzerland.

At the end of the war, bombers could be heard to thunder by
almost every night. The population had to blackout their windows.
Broken allied airplanes ditched or crashed. During the Second
World War, Switzerland was repeatedly bombed. On February
22, 1945, the Grison town Vals was bombed. Lots of people were
injured or killed.

2160

Mediaeval society was distinctly structured. The
various classes were bonded by legal and feudal
standards, such as protection, the responsibility for
contribution or by oath.

The area of the present canton of the Grisons
developed between the 11th and the 14th Century to
a noted castle country. Castles were centers of small
dominions and symbols of regional power. At the
same time they were residences, and both agrarian
and commercial establishments.
The widespread castles in Raetia had no coordinate,
strategic military function. As a rule, they only
consisted of a tower surrounded by smaller buildings
and a curtain wall. The number of inhabitants of an
average castle was in calm times between 15 and 20
people.
In the late Middle Ages, many castles were
destroyed, left or altered. Numerous archaeological
finds document life of the inhabitants. Even though
feuds, besieges and destruction are certified, war
was not predominant in everyday life on a castle.

2171

POWER AND POLITICS A chronological Overview

1999 First Cantonal Executive Counselor in the Grisons
(Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf)
1971, 1972 Women’s suffrage on cantonal and national level
1914-18, 1939-45 Switzerland escapes First and Second World Wars
The Grisons become a Swiss canton
1803 The Grisons become part of the Helvetian Republic
1799-1803 Subject Territories join the Cisalpine Republic
Last witch trial in the Grisons (Oberhalbstein)
1797 The Confusion of War in the Grisons
1779 Federal Charta of the Three Leagues
1603 – 1639
1524

1523 Beginning of the Reformation in major parts of Raetia
1512 Valtellina, Chiavenna & Bormio become Subject Territories
of the Grisons
1499 Swabian War and Battle at the Calven Gorge
1465 Foundation of the 5 Guilds in Chur
1436 Foundation of th League of the Ten Jurisdictions
1395 Foundation of the Grey or Upper League
1367 Foundation of the League of the House of God
11th Century Erection of first castles
First reference of a Bishop in Chur (Bishop Asinio)
451 Subjugation of the Raetians by the Romans
15 B.C. First traces of human activities (Chur-Marsöl)
ca. 10’000 B.C.

1939-45: The Grisons and the Second World War Switzerland

MASTERS AND CASTLESand the Grisons were spared from the atrocities of war.

Times were influenced by deprivations and fear of German
occupation.

On August 28, 1939, the Federal Government mobilized the border
patrols, two days later Henri Guisan was appointed general by the
Federal Assembly. At the beginning of September, mobilization
of the whole Swiss Army followed. Men who were fit for military
service had to leave their homes and take a long service while the
rest of the family suffered from labor shortage.

Food and fuel were gradually and severely rationed. With the
so-called Cultivation Battle (“Anbauschlacht”), an officially forced
expansion of crop growing on every available free surface area,
the supply of the population with stapled foods was striven for.

Innumerable refugees seeked sanctuary in Switzerland, not all
of them with success. The southern valleys of the Grisons saw
innumerable refugees destinies. In 1941 1200 Polish internees
were accommodated in the Grisons. Numerous so-called Polish
Roads („Polenwege“) such as in the Safien Valley, the Chur
Rhine Valley and the Domleschg, bear witness of their work in
Switzerland.

At the end of the war, bombers could be heard to thunder by
almost every night. The population had to blackout their windows.
Broken allied airplanes ditched or crashed. During the Second
World War, Switzerland was repeatedly bombed. On February
22, 1945, the Grison town Vals was bombed. Lots of people were
injured or killed.

2160

Mediaeval society was distinctly structured. The
various classes were bonded by legal and feudal
standards, such as protection, the responsibility for
contribution or by oath.

The area of the present canton of the Grisons
developed between the 11th and the 14th Century to
a noted castle country. Castles were centers of small
dominions and symbols of regional power. At the
same time they were residences, and both agrarian
and commercial establishments.
The widespread castles in Raetia had no coordinate,
strategic military function. As a rule, they only
consisted of a tower surrounded by smaller buildings
and a curtain wall. The number of inhabitants of an
average castle was in calm times between 15 and 20
people.
In the late Middle Ages, many castles were
destroyed, left or altered. Numerous archaeological
finds document life of the inhabitants. Even though
feuds, besieges and destruction are certified, war
was not predominant in everyday life on a castle.

2171

1T6h0e3R-1a6e3ti9a:nTRhuelCerosnfAufstieorntohfeWcoalrlainpstheeofGtrhiseoWnessDt Ruroimnganthe
TEhmirptiyreY,eRaar’estiWa afirrsfrtodmev1o6l1v8edtoto16th4e8,Otshterocgonotfhesics,iolantaelrl,yinan5d37,
ptooltihteicFalrlayntkoirsnhGErmispoinreF.rHeeastdaqtueacratemres ionf the ardemaionfisctornaftlioicnt of
tahnedgBriesahtopposw’ seeres.wTahseCvhounrP. TlahnetacofanmstialyntminatienrlynaslusptproivretesdinAtuhsetria
aFnradnSkpisahinE, mthpeirveonpeSramlisittfeadmRilayemtiaintolyaFcrhaienvceeaanhdigVhedneicger.ee of
autonomy.
In 1620, Spanish troops invaded the Valtellina while Austrian
tUrnotoilpMs eidn-tEeirgehdt-tChenMturnys,ttehreVVailcletoyr(iMdeüsn,satefratmali)l.yAopf pthroexliomcaltely
6ru0l0inpgroctleastsaenst,sgwoveerrenmedu.rTdheereydwienrtehbeoVtahltreellliigniao.uIsna1s62w2e,ltlhaes
GsercisuolnarSpuobtjeencttaTtersr.iAtofrteiersthweeirefafomrimlyadlileydloosftf ains 7w6e5ll(.BIinshthoep
fToelllloow),iCnghutrwroaedteiacawdaess,afgoarieniginntepgaratiteesdtcolooksecrhatorgtheeofFtrhaenkpioswher
bEymtpuirrnes. SinecthuelaGrrpisoownesr. gWriatdhutahlelyhdeelpvoolfvethdefrCoamputchheinBiosrhdoeprs, tthoe
Athuesctroiuantsss. trove to re-convert the protestant regions to catholic
belief. The formerly protestant pastor Jörg Jenatsch, warlord
aFnrodmpotlhiteic1i1atnh, Cleednthueryroensi,stthaenBceisahgoapisnsotf ACuhsutrriraeganaidnSedpapionw. Ienr.
aTdhdeiytiroens,uhmeepdarsttiactieplayteridgihnts16a2n1dicnotnhdeumctuerddpeorwofePr opmolpiteicjuss. Tvhoeny
Pwlaagnetda.wWairthanthdesUtrporviesitnogeixnptahnedPtrhäetitrigpaoussines1s6i2o2n,st.hTehfearcmonetrrsol of
rthoesepauspsaegsawinasst the bAaussitsrioafnthseoivreproeiwgenrt.yI.nFeaxthcehranFgidee,ltihseodf iocese
Sreigcmeiaveridnegxetne,nhseivaed porfitvhileegCeaspufrcohmintmheisksiinogns, wanads ekmillpeedr. ors, such
as the jurisdiction, market rights and the rights to tariff and to
Umnindte.r the guidance of Duke Henri de Rohan, the French prevailed
in 1631.
IBneospidpeosthiteioBnistohothpes,pseercsuislatirnpgoFwrenr cwhaoscdciusptraitbiuonte,dJoarmgoJnegnatsch
sEwpiistchoepdalsRideeesv,ecso,nRveeircthedRetoevceasthaonldictbhelimefpaonrdtasnetcfraemtlyiliaelslieodf
hTaimrassepl,f RwhitähzAunustarniadaVnadzSapsawine. lIlna1s6l3e7s,sthime pForertnacnhthaardistoclreatvse.
Ionf the MFoilraenRthreinaetyVoafll1e6y3(9V,otrhdeeGrrrhiseoinntsarl)e.gFarionmedththee1ir1tShubject
TCeernrtiutorryieosn., Isnotmhe soaf mthe syearru,lJeörrsg, fJoellnoawtsecdhbwy athsekgilelendtriynaCnhdur.
commissionaires of both religious and secular potentates,
began to build castles. The fragmentation of the lords’ rights,
accompanied with the gradual loss of Episcopal power,
is reflected in the close meshed net of Grison castles.

2142

C17a9s9tl:eTshaesFFraernmchs aUrenlcikoemminagg!nIinfic1e7n9t8ctahsetlTehsrieneRLheäazgüuness, formed
Ma mesiolictacroy, BalelliafonrcteawndiththAeuEsptrisiac.oTphoealFcroeunrcthininCtehruprr,elitfeedinthsismaasllaer
cbaresatlcehs oofftneenuhtraadliltiyt.tlIen tMo adrochwi1t7h9c9o,uthrteliyrctruoltouprse.marched in the
Grisons. Fierce combats took place in the Surselva and in the
TLhowe ebracEknggraoduinde.nTohiseefoolfloewveinrygdtaimy leifsetwooads unnodt erratthleinignfalrumensc, ebuotf
tchoenstitnaknltincghaonf gthees folfopcko’wsesrm. all bells, the clamor of the animals
and the noise of the workmen. Cattle and humans lived together
oInnMcraaym17p9e9d, cthoenfpineeosp.le of the Surselva rose up. In the Battle
of Reichenau the uprise lead to a disastrous defeat of 6’000
COabsetrlleäsndweerre(puesoepdleafsrompetrhaetioSnuarlsefalvramrse.gAiorcnh).eIonlothgiiscaalnedvidence
foullnodwitnogolbsastutlcehs a6s38halotcchael tcso,msibcaktlaenstasnddiegdr.aTpheektnoiwvenssuosfeTdamforins
wanodrkDinsefnietlidsswaenrde gbaurrdneendst,oatxheesgarnoducnhdabinysFfroernfcohressotlrdyie. rCsl.aTmhpes
aFnrednmchucaklsroakbelosoinddiliycavteeningehdusthbeainrdfreyl.loGwrecaotuinmtrpyomrteann,cwe hwoaws ere
pkiullteodninhomrsaesssafocremsoduunrtiinnggtahnedirtGrarnissopnoirmtaptrioisno. nAmrcehnate. oWloitghiicnal
dthiges ehaevenptrso,dAuncnead Mspaurrias,Bhuohrlseersohboteasinaenddhtehreoiricncaeilesb, srintayfaflses,
s“CteapnsnaondMmaiedtaolffErmagsm”.eDnutsrionfgtthheetfaaclklb. aBcokntehreomugahinhseprotionwt n,
tsohesirgenaifcichaendcfeorofthheunretings.oTfhteheprheoyrsceosnspiusltleindgmaaFinrleynocfhdgeuenr,.
cAhsarmesouislt,,ibtheexelosc, ablefaarrsmaenrdsbwoearres.aFbilsehtiongsewizaestahlesogupnu.rsued.

MOnaenuoaf lthweomrko,sstupcrhoamsinrepnat ifrisguornetshoefhthoiusswehaorlwd aesfftehcetsRourssian
mGeaninetreanlaSnucweaorfobwu,iwldhinogws,aws asn uanlldyeorftathkeenAudsirtericatnlysa. tInthOecctoabsetlre.
N17o9t9o,nhley athned mhiesntiraolosptsafsfu, aclcleiendheadbiitnanetnsf,oirnccinlugdtihneg pthaesskangigehotver
athnedshnisowfa-mcoilvye, rweedrPeainvixolpvaesdsi.nAsnuocthewrosrekn. sNaetieodnlewsa, sthciamubsleeds,by
mthaenFdrreenlcsh, sGpeinndelreawl MhoarclDsoannadldw, ewighhot,sinfothr ewweainvtinerg odfo1c8u0m0e, nletdthaen
arcmtivyitoief sapopf rtohxeimaraistetolycr1a5t’i0c0l0admieesn. over the Splugen pass.

The war ended with the Treaty of Lunéville in February 1800.
Austria had to pull out of the Grisons.

2153





ATRHME ITEHSRAENEDLWEAGRUSES

AND THE SUBJECT TERRITORY VALTELLINA

2106

TFhroemvatrhieou1s6tmh itloitathrey c1o8nthfliCcetsntfurorym, parnetsiqeunitt-ydtaoythe
Gprreissoennst rceofnlesicsttethdeoefvtehnetFfurleheissttaotreyoofftthheeTGhrrieseons
Lanedagtuhesi.mItpworatsanacseseomf tbhle drebgyiothne. Upper or Grey
League, the League of the House of God and the
LIne1a5guBe.Co.f, the TReonmJaunrsisldeidctaiocnasm. paign over the
Raetian passes to both secure themselves better
aDguaeintostatnheabAslepnintececnlatrnaslapnodwteor,ctohneqFuedr enreawl Charta of
p15ro2v4inacetesd. as constitutional foundation. Communes
rAetptlhaecedndloocfatlhfeeu15dtahl nCoebnitluitryy.,GthriesoLnesagwuaesosfptlhiteinto
aHpopursoexiomf Gatoedlya5n0dCthoeurLteCaogmuemoufnthees.TAednjuJduircisadtiiocntions
faonrdmleadndamn aarllkiarnuclienwg iwthasthreeaScwhiesds Cbyonafnedoepreanticoonuncil
awgitahininsththeeCHouarbtsCbuormgms.uIneths.eNaeftveerrmthaetlhe,stsh,einSfwluaebniacen
Wanadrp(Socwhewraobfethnekrriuelgin) ogfc1l4a9s9secsamstielltgooavebrlonoeddybeanlldo.ts
tChornofuegshsoiounta. lly and politically torn, the Grisons
BbeycraemaseoennogfaigtsedgeinogthreapThhiicratlylYoecaartsio’nW, athre Bishop’s
s(Dereeaisnsdigitjäshsriizgee,rCKhruiaerg,b1e6c1a8m-e1t6h4e8u) annodffiwciearlecoapnithale.
verge of breaking up. Famine and the plague followed
tBheetwdeperne1d5a1t2ioannsdo1f 7w9a2r,. the Three Leagues ruled
fInor1a7l9m9,obsat ttthleresebceet wnteuernietsheovgerretahteEirursoupbejeacntspoinwtehres
Vbaroltkeelloinuat,. CDheisapvietenngariamndreBsoisrtmanioc,ea,tFtrheenschouttrhoeorpns
fsoeoizteodf the Acolpuinnteryp.asses.
DAtutrhinegeSnedcoofntdheW1o8rtlhd CWeanrt,uervye,rtyhedaFyreliefestoafttehe
opfopthuelaTthiorneewLaesamguaedse ldoisffticituslt“.cEovloenryiems”aunnwdhitoswas fit
finodrempielintdareyncse.rBviectewheaednt1o7s9t9opanwdo1r8k0in3gitawt tahseploarctalof
tbhuesiHnelsvsetainand Rseerpvuebalitct.hSeinbcoerd18e0r.3, the Grisons is a
canton of the Swiss Confederation.

2117

5T6he CoJuorhtaCnonmGmauudneenszOvonnthSeaRlise-cSoerdew(Lias,nOdbffuizcihe)r, uthned Dichter,
constit1u7t6io2n-1,8o3f 41622 of the Court Commune (Gerichtsgemeinde)

Avers the following can be read:
5„W7 e haTvoeboiausr Dowefnlosrcienp, tKearmanindfesgeearl,mreoidstaenrdingaTlrluonw,sg,etbhoarneknG1o9d0,3

5sTwo8hevisderoperJ1niog7aou6nktd5tooy-bsw1at8Uean4tlade1rnimjcuyherfionSsrtdpegiricigevtncieohssneou.rvsevaorneniigBdneeraannoedfgtmgh,eafscütehenrrtearnnadlyetshryimPnogbl.oi”tliskeorf,

5T9he AvSeirms evoanlleByewneasdiocnt,eeovfatnhgeealipspcrhoexrimPfaatrere5r0 iCnoCuhrut rC, o1m76m7-u1n8e3s2

6in0the FArmeeaslitaatveonofStphreeTchhreere-vLoenagMuaersch(Fioreni,s1t8a2a9t -d1e8r7D9rei Bünde),
which were endued with a high degree of independence. Each

6C1ourt CHoamnsmpeutneersLpeabnrnuemdeanvta, lVleryloergethr,egseebcotrioen o1f94a1valley and
joined several Neighborships, corresponding approximately

6th2e polUitnicdailcmh:uHnaicbiepaiclihtiaeuscohf tMoadcahy.t?LiMkeacthodeaicy,htahuecMhaPyoolritik?

(Landammann), a post appointed to a male citizen by the Country
6A3ssemJbolhy,npHreitszidaeuds oKvleorsttehresC, SouchrtwCeoizmermGuennee.rAatlkwoanrsliukleinevents,
the troWopas(dhainsg“tFoänh, n17le9i7n-”1),8w64ent to war under the flag of the High

Court. Coray, Brückenbauer, 1869-1946
64 Richard

6Tto5htehCeoHDuiirgothkClCeootmiuamrnt,uornföeTmhHiusescinihsze,erwnKbaaesirspgea,rrf,to2or8fi4nt-hs3et0aG5nrcnee.y,CwohrhrU.icphpbeerlLonegagedue.
6It6s NeiJgohsbeoprhshuispvsownitPhlianntthae, VCoorusrtteCheormdmesunBeriwtiesrheMFulesreduemn,,
Portein17, 4P4r-ä1z8,2S7arn and Urmein.

6T7he GrPiseotnerCZouumrttChoorm, Amrucnheitsekwte, rgeebsmoraelnl s1t9a4t3es with far reaching
authorities. They all belonged to one of the Three Leagues,
6bu8ildinAglfaresodv(eFrleoirgina,nbAudt owlef)avkosntaPtleanwtiath, Ncoantisotnraiclrteadt, authorities,
mainlyBinotfsocrheaigftnerpoinlitRicosm. EunnddeBaevorlrisn,in18s5ta7n-1d9a2r2dization, such as
6mtCh9eaensstsuaerm1Jsy7aeaa9kn1aopd-sbo1wiu8Bnn6eeC7dieghlihniu-trSst.h,pewreMecruhenehsra,terCdralVfyéastliuleecrycie(nVsaPslofuMsleü.nEstv(aheienru)itndeitdihnnePo1to8lwteheni)g, h

70 Leon Schlumpf, Bundesrat 1980-87, geboren 1925

288

7T1he “BJiegaSnhdoetsC”aAstfeelwmduor,zfernasnzn.oBbalerofanm, ilies and clans built up
the rulBinugrgcblaesssit.zPeroimn Sinteanmtpaam-Conogltuthream, 18w0e0r-e18th7e1 Salis and the
Planta. In the relatively democratic leagues, these families were
7u2nableAtuogiunsvotukse, ornömpoislicthicearlKpariivsieler,g2e7svt.hCohurg.h-1.4Inns.tCeahdr., they stood
7oau3fat rofretBhaaecnhcairndogewtngdeFbtwyontohtraekni.raLr,iekFvereeanilhuleewistos,mhtheeelndir,, ffgeoemrftauallnleeenasr,1ie4sd9tou9ccraatitosnwaenrde
7ibm4arproerdtJeafoindrhotgam.pnOantrbhtWeeorifpflohmorelsialttrmiicrnaisFalpogpereukt-butaloninrca,d.t1NhC8ee2ovr2aee-zdr1,t9iTht1oae8rplyeosgssrtr,aatf,hteegyiefosr.med an

7T5he coGmamudoennmz avnonlePftlathnetam, „odsetrimBpäor“r,tafünhtraennddoefrtePnolbitriikbearb, le
posts i1n7t5h7e-1C8o3u4rt Communes, Leagues and the Subject
Territories to this elite. Usually, he depended on them, not
7n6ecessCaornilryapdovliotincaPlllayn, btau,teercsotneor mBüicnadlnlye. rALt asnpdoerasdhiacuipnttmeravnanlsi,m
FahnlilVuepltfienn, 1a5n1d2tribunals were held against the so-called “Big
Shots”.
7A7commGiounliaacScaunstai,tisopnäwtearsetBhaeladcintiin, 1g8i3n6opposition to the
7dslotr8waatceeor’sncgOiileantatbntsoeossrLreeeeasnsnrtt-ges1ain9.ascO2de6ifèntsre.wnmTa,hirttehliyFekawsemeetirsimlepieeen,scoR,itahealaglcwrioedaursuyrhstnispgaosarfrneajdbutesf1lat9limci7oe5inn-im1fer9op-8mob6su, etthde
7of9ten aFmeleixanMsaorfiapDariotyggp,oPlitoirctsr.ait-Maler, 1762-1834

8P0erhapAsnbtoencaCuasdeoonfatuh,eKpaouwfmerafnunl puonsditWioonholtfäintedri,v1id8u5a0l-1fa9m29ilies
and the often violent politics, a grim popular expression was
8cr1eateRd:icInhatrhde LGariNsoicncsay, oInugneeneiedutrh,r1e7e94p-e1o8p8l3e to bring a person
from life to death: One Salis (willow; bend up the lower left arm),
a82PlanTtaib(pelraiunst;, sröamiesmchoevreAmlpeennt fweiltdhzuthge1l5ovw.eCrhrri.g, ht arm) and a
TraverKsa(cisreorss1b4e-3a7mn; .aCdhurm. brate a crossbeam above).

83 Christine Mohr, geboren 1671

299

T28he UnGoefofircgiaFliCeanpt,itkaalntB. yK4a5n1zlCehisuerkwreatsärEpuinsdcoSpcahlrsifetest.eAlfleterr,
foundin18g4t5h-e19L1e2ague of the House of God (Gotteshausbund) in
1367, the Bishop’s power dwindled. The foundation of the 5 Guilds
(259ZünfJtoes) iians1H46a5rtamnadntnheauRsefSoaryms,atSiocnhüatfzteern1w5e2l3tm, leeidstteort,he
emanc1ip8a9t3i-o1n9o8f2the citizens.

L30ike itsOrctoluienbtevropnarBtraatntdhies,sCohuuthreerrnBfiosocthooff,t1h4e5A8l-p1s4,9C1hiavenna,
Cb31ahsuer,dnAoonntgibteesliignkegaoaKgfaroaurpfmfhmiaclaacnlanpp,oiMstaiatlil,oeynreiatnns, degreevbceoodrnefounmnincictCaiolhnsusirg,on1fi7fa4icc1ae-n1n8ct0ee7.r,
F32oreigMn eatmabvaosnsSaadloirss-Mfaavrosrcehdlitnhse,oHnilsytovreirkietarbinleuGndrison city for
their reFsraidueenncree.cRhetlpeirnien,G1r8is5o5n-1n9a1is5, too, liked to flock after a
Fahnlilupf to the tribunal in Chur.
33 Johannes Guler von Wynegg (der ältere), Heerführer,
As cityHtihsatot rcihkaeirr,e1d56th2e-1L6e3a7gue of the House of God, Chur was on
the same level with Davos, which chaired the League of the Ten
J3u4risdCicatirolnosC(aZseahtni,gsepraicnhistecnhbeur nBdo)tasnchdaIlfatenrz,,gwehsticohrbcehnai1r7e3d0the
GC(3G5oreenryviceohn1Art8tnUsi1odgp9nrep-se1mea8wres8iLit9nRehduamedgnuoe)lesfas(vlGetoenrnragnuPeaerltsarenoolytfdatte,ohrUoeOknCbtpeoelruranercetrehCBomounmnetrdhm)ue.usnnedetPshorleiteiker,
li3to6scaotwionCnhssur. irCsrhtoiuuarnnndKienlvugecrdkosemur,ciBcneieoerndg.efüIdthsirnleebrg,ea1cl8op5mo2si-n1itg9io2an8cniteyv-esrtastteoowditohut
s3i7gnificGaianctlhyeanmCoansgptahreMruuorathl ,CLoeuhrrteCr,oHmimstourniekse.r und Dichter,

1844-1906
The Freestate of the Three Leagues (Freistaat der Drei
B38ündeA) n. eFveeldr shcahdear paeursmMaanseenint ,aSdcmhianuisstpriaetlieorninorRguosvselrannmd,ent.
The ad1m82in5i-s1t8ra8t5ion of Chur settled most of the few tasks.
Correspondence to the Freestate was first opened by the
p3r9esidHenetinoifHtheemLmeai,gOuelyomfpthiaesHieoguesre19o7f 6Giomd (Ruinetsile1n7s0la0loamlw,ays
the MagyeobroorfeCnh1u9r4)9, later by a city councilor. The town chronicler
s4e0cureGdetohregmPahnilaipgpemvoenntSocfhtahueefneswtecionl,lFercetiivheerfur nvdosn.Haldenstein

1671-1695, auf einem Gulden

360

4T1he SuJbojheacntsn IAnlo1i5s12W,othlfeaTuhsrUeentLeeravagzu,es conquered the Valtellina
and theScchowunetizieesr oTfaCmhbioauver-nMnaajaonr,d1B8o3r9m-1i9o2.7Thus they not only

controlled the Alpine passes at the northern, but also at the
4so2uthePronmfopoetjoufstvhoenmPolaunnttaa,infü. hrender Politiker, 1569-1621

4H3istoriHoegnraripDhyucdidffeeRrsohaabnou, ftraanpzoösssiisbcleheprroFmelidsheeorfr,e1q5u7a9l-r1i6g3h8ts
4Sto4utbhjeecVCtalTaletuerdlrliiiutnosar,iarenösmd. VtihsicceehcgeoerurKennatitieswse.ra,Isn4t1rh-ee5a4slittnay.,tCethhgreoyvwerenroertbreaasteeddinas
4S5ondriAon; otonnhioisdseidMeosltionoad, PthoelitVikicearrui.nTdhMeyilwitäerreaussupdpeomrted by a
CommCisaslaarniciantCalh,icaav.e1n5n8a0a-n16d5P0odestàs in six other locations.
The posts were assigned in rotation by the Court Communes.

46 Maximilian Franz, mehrere Male Regierungsrat, 1814-1889

The entitlement to revenues from forfeits and legal costs

4le7d to sTthaormk absuDsoemaemnoign,gAtrhcehGitreiksto,ngjeubdogreesna1n9d33to bribery in

obtaining the posts. This caused trouble and rebellion, at times of
4co8nfesAsnionnaalMcehiasrsaecrtaeur.sAKt lloesatsetrisn, tgheebloorceanl 1a8d5m5inistration and in

4eO9cftoennotmiRmeicetosli,fGetuh, rethtunepeppro,eTproucullaratissiosmneuswscauosn-taoebprlenereathotmekdeewer,pigthietsbthoineredGnerp1ies9on5nd5ence.

authorities. Deragisch junior, Töpfer in Bugnei (Tujetsch),
50 Sep Antoni

The ac1c8u4m2u-1la9t3i1ng complaints of the subjects remained

5u1nsuccFeidssefluisl.vEovneSniagfmtearrtinhegeFnr,eMncährtRyerevor,lu15ti7o7n-,1e6q2u2al rights
were ineligible for the majority of the Grisonnais. Thus, in 1797,

5th2e ValMtealglidnaal,eCnhaiaMveanrtnuallaon-dBBloocrhmerio, Lweeitreerincdoerrporated into the
CisalpEinMeSR-eCphuebmlicieaHnodlldoisntgfAorGe,vgeerbfoorretnhe19G6r9isons, a loss that

had enormous economic consequences.
53 Cla Feuerstein, Jäger, Scuol, um 1920

The Regnancy of Maienfeld was in an odd position: It belonged
5Jtou4rthisedSdGiceuitarbionjHenFecsrrt,arbTnseeccrihneragistfcobtoroMiTtehirssidovaxousml1wz5iien1ol8a,l-tlae1es5tdz4tato9en,rtdahIuendfhoLemaeibnaienegramunetToeaftsttthoheneeTseanme

5ti5me. Maria Franz, geborene Cloëtta, Gattin von
Regierungsrat Franz, 1816-1897

371

THE DARKPOWER AND POLITICS SIDE
OF JUSTICEHow do we recognize power?

1 Johannes Paul Beeli von Belfort, evang. Pfarrer in Chur
(und Chiavenna?), um 1700

2 Walo Burkart, Kreisförster und Archäologe, 1877-1952

3 Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, Inhaber der Herrschaft Misox,
1487-1518

4 Andreas Gadient, Divisionär, geboren 1927

5 Napoleon Bonaparte, französischer Kaiser, 1769-1821

6 Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, Regierungsrätin seit 1999,
geboren 1956

7 Mädchen aus der Churer Familie Laurer, 1827-1846

8 Otto Barblan, Komponist, 1860-1943

9 Barbara Danuser aus Felsberg, Arbeitslehrerin und
Gemüsegärtnerin, 1899-1986

10 Donat Cadruvi, Regierungsrat 1979-88, 1923-1998

11 Margaretha Enderlin von Montzwick, 1647-1711

12 Wilhelm Maria Rizzi, Kirchen- und Portrait-Maler,
1802-1858

13 Rodolfo Baldini und Giulia Baldini-Santi, Bergeller Familie
in Italien, erste Hälfte 19. Jahrhundert

342

C14rimiGnaablrilealwe doefGtahberiTehli,rAerechLiteeakgt auuessRwovaesreadfof,a1i6r71o-f17th47e
UwC15onautsirlitnJPtohCouhleoiastimMnekne.mirdFD, r-u1iiN7sen8adie0nrss-iet1c.r8htoe4vue4osnntwThsacChseatrnhnteeurrf, ayC,chltuortceharalPtu“tcboolrizntiusstrtiuetnuwdtiaosn”
p16ermBitetrendhatorddLraauwrera-Rciosnchfe, Aspsoiothne.kNera, CtuhurraelrlyZ,utnhfitsmleeisatedr,
to coe1r76c4e-d18s2t3atements and denunciation of innocent
peoplBEele.irsnahbaertdh,L1a7u7r4e-1r8-R47isch, Gattin des Zunftmeisters

E17specMiaarltliyniSnchthreeib1e7rt-hRiCscehn, tPuorsyth,awltietrcihn Thhuunstiss, r18a1v2a-1g8e7d1 in
numerous valleys of the Grisons. The majority of the
vw18icetriemU1w7sg7ooa8mFc-1oce8su2ncs7o.elod, iotaflihenairsmchfeurlDmichatgeirc, E(mScighraandteimnsMziasuoxb,er)

19 Ulysses von Salis-Marschlins, führender Politiker,

The e1x7e2c8u-1t8io00ner played a central role in the court

ciC2n0aossuterrsutgG.meCiuIbnoseoemrnopetrnmsNd1aeuw9yr4n,e2eetrioedhggaseehdntöoasawnsninseectxhaoeercrtlhyuBetucinooadnncefecseurrsisctshheitoodenu.r ,Ng19thoh8,t9ea-e2ntvo0de0rr6t,yure

p21ainsJhohaadnntoGbauedteankzevnonfoSarlCish-Suere’ws ies,xOefcfiuztieior nunedr,Doicfhtetenr,
called17M62a-1s8t3e4r John (Meister Hans).

Mt2o2arnuyrGaeiolxveraocnaundtiiSsoenignaponltaridnciee, rsMtawoleedrr,ee1m8l5oo8cn-1as8tt9er9datien vicinity
the

c23onseKqaurlednecreGsroosfsce,rdimeuets. cIhnetrhKeönciag nutnodnKaalispeer,n7a6l8-l8a1w4

of 1851 death penalty was left only for a few capital
c24rimeJ1s5ö9.r6g-J1e6n3a9tsch, evangelischer Pfarrer, Offizier, Politiker,

T25ortuVrietuasnHduodnedaetrh, CpheunrearlBtyishchaovfesenito2t0d0i7s,agpebpoeraenre1d94.2
Amnesty International keeps standing up for the
2a6bolituinobneokafntnotretsusrietz.endes Kleinkind, um 1800

27 Pater Placi a Spescha, Mönch und Forscher, 1752-1833
353

POWER AND POLITICS

324


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