Bab 7 Respirasi Sel

Bahan Initiative Pekan@SPM 2021

1 What is the main substrate for producing energy?
Apakah substrat utama bagi penghasilan tenaga?

A Glucose B Cellulose C Starch D Laktose
Glukosa Laktosa
Selulosa Kanji

2 Which of the following are the living processes that require energy?
Antara proses hidup yang berikut, yang manakah memerlukan tenaga?

I Synthesis of complex macromolecules from simple molecules.
Sintesis makromolekul kompleks daripada molekul-molekul ringkas.

II Muscle contraction which enables locomotion.
Pengecutan otot yang membolehkan pergerakan.

III Production and secretion of enzymes and hormones.
Penghasilan dan perembesan enzim dan hormone.

IV Simple diffusion of substances into the cell.
Resapan ringkas bahan-bahan ke dalam sel.

A I and II B II and III C I, II and III D I, II, III and IV
I dan II
II dan III I, II dan III I, II, III dan IV

3 What is the main substrate for cell respiration?
Apakah substrat utama bagi respirasi sel?

A Sucrose C Glucose
Sukrosa Glukosa

B Fructose D Galactose
Fruktosa Galaktosa

4 Which process involves aerobic respiration?
Proses manakah yang melibatkan respirasi aerob?

A Fermentation by yeast C Initial stage of seed germination
Penapaian oleh yis Peringkat awal percambahan biji
benih
B Contraction of heart muscles when D Growth of paddy plant under
a person is at rest waterlogged condition
Pengecutan otot jantung semasa Pertumbuhan pokok di bawah
Seseorang sedang berehat keadaaan air bertakung.

BAB 7: Respirasi Sel 1

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Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + water + ATP
Glukosa + Oksigen Karbon dioksida + Air + ATP

5. The above equation shows
Persamaan di atas menunjukkan

A Glucose condensation
Kondensasi glukosa

B Glucose hydrolysis
Hidrolisis glukosa

C Anaerobic respiration
Respirasi anaerob

D Aerobic respiration
Respirasi aerob

6 The diagram shows an equation for aerobic respiration
Rajah menunjukkan satu persamaan bagi respirasi aerobik

P+Q R + S +T

What is P, Q, R, S and T?
Apakah P, Q, R, S dan T?

P Q R S T
Glucose Carbon
A glukosa dioxide Oxygen Water ATP
Karbon Oksigen Air
B ATP dioksida Water
Glucose Oxygen Carbon dioxide Air
glukosa Oksigen Karbon dioksida
Glucose Water
C Carbon dioxide ATP Glukosa Oxygen Air
Karbon dioksida Oksigen
Carbon ATP
Glucose Oxygen dioxide Water
D Glukosa Oksigen Karbon Air
dioksida

BAB 7: Respirasi Sel 2

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7 Which of the equation represents aerobic respiration?
Manakah antara persamaan berikut mewakili persamaan respirasi aerobik?

A Glucose lactic acid + Energy

Glukosa Asid laktik + Tenaga

B Glucose + Oxygen Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Glukosa + Oksigen Etanol + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

C Glucose Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Glukosa Etanol + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

D Glucose + Oxygen Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Glukosa + Oksigen Air + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

8 Aerobic respiration begins with breakdown of glucose by enzymes. What is the name of
this process?
Respirasi aerobik bermula dengan penguraian glukosa oleh enzim. Apakah nama proses
ini?

A Hydrolysis C Fermentation
Hidrolisis Fermentasi

B Condensation D Glycolysis
Kondensasi Glikolisis

9 In glycolysis, the glucose molecule is broken down into molecule X. What is X?
Dalam glikolisis, molekul glukosa dipecahkan menjadi molekul X. Apakah X?

A Phosphate C Pyruvate
Fosfat Piruvat

B ATP D Carbon dioxide
ATP Karbon dioksida

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10 Which of the following equation is correct about respiration at the part of paddy plant
which is submerged in water?
Antara persamaan berikut, yang manakah benar tentang respirasi pada bahagian pokok
padi yang ditenggelami air?

A Glucose + Oxygen Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Glukosa + Oksigen Air + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

B Glucose Carbon dioxide + Energy + Ethanol
Glukosa Karbon dioksida + Tenaga + Etanol

C Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Energy + Ethanol
Glukosa + Oksigen Karbon dioksida + Tenaga + Etanol

D Glucose Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Glukosa Air + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

11 Diagram 1 shows an experiment of yeast respiration.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen tentang respirasi yis.

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1

Which of the following mixtures can increase the rate of respiration of yeast?
Antara yang berikut, campuran yang manakah dapat meningkatkan kadar respirasi yis?

A 1 g of yeast and 25 ml of 5 % glucose solution. 4
1 g yis dan 25 ml larutan glukosa 5 %

B 1 g of yeast and 25 ml of 7 % glucose solution.
1 g yis dan 25 ml larutan glukosa 7 %

C 1 g of yeast and 25 ml of 10 % glucose solution.
1 g yis dan 25 ml larutan glukosa 10 %

D 1 g of yeast and 25 ml of 15 % glucose solution.
1 g yis dan 25 ml larutan glukosa 15 %

BAB 7: Respirasi Sel

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12 Diagram 2 shows an experiment to investigate fermentation on yeast. Which of the
following causes lack of oxygen in the thermos flask?
Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen mengkaji fementasi ke atas yis. Manakah antara
berikut, menyebabkan kekurangan oksigen dalam kelalang termos itu?

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2

I Thermos flask shape II Cotton
Bentuk kelalang termos Kapas

III Boiled glucose IV Oil layer
Glukosa dididih Lapisan minyak

A I and II C II and IV
I dan II II dan IV

B I and III D III and IV
I dan III III dan IV

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13 Diagram 3 shows an experiment fermentation by yeast. Wahat can you observe after one
hour?
Rajah 3 menunjukkan eksperimen fermentasi yis. Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan
selepas satu jam?

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3

I Gas bubbles are released II Lime water turns cloudy
Gelembung gas dibebaskan Air kapur menjadi keruh

III Temperature in thermos flask decrease IV The solutions is foamy
Suhu di dalam flask termos menurun Larutan menjadi berbuih

A I, II and III C I, III and IV
I, II dan III I, III dan IV

B I, II and IV D II, III and IV
I, II dan IV II, III dan IV

14 The following equation shows the process that takes place in the muscle cell of an athlete
while doing a vigorous activity. What is R?

Glucose R + Energy
Glukosa R + Tenaga

Persamaan berikut menunjukkan proses yang berlaku dalam sel otot seorang atlet
semasamelakukan aktiviti cergas.
Apakah R?

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A Carbon dioxide C Lactic acid
Karbon dioksida Asid laktik

B Ethanol D Water
Etanol Air

15 A student takes part in a 200 m sprint event. Which equation represents his respiration
process after he has run the first 100m?
Seorang murid mengambil bahagian dalam acara larian pecut 200 m. Persamaan
manakah yang mewakili proses respirasinya setelah dia berlari 100 m pertama?

A Glucose Lactic acid + Energy
Glukosa Asid laktik + Tenaga

B Glucose + Oxygen Lactic acid + Energy

Glukosa + Oksigen Asid laktik + Tenaga

C Glucose Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Glukosa Etanol + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

D Glucose + Oxygen Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Glukosa + Oksigen Air + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

16 The following equation shows an aerobic respiration in muscle cells.
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan respirasi anaerobik dalam sel otot.

Glucose S + 150 KJ

Glukosa

What is S?
Apakah S?

A Water C Lactik acid
Air Asid laktik

B Ethanol D Carbon dioxide
Etanol Karbon dioksida

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17 Lactic acid accumulated in an athlete’s muscles after taking part in 100 m sprint. Which
of the following contribute to the situation?
Asid laktik terkumpul di adalam otot seorang atlet selepas mengambil bahagian dalam
100 m lari pecut. Antara berikut yang manakah menyumbang kepada situasi tersebut?

A Anaerobic respiration in muscles increases.
Respirasi anaerobic di dalam otot meningkat.

B Anaerobic respiration in muscle decreases
Respirasi anaerobic di dalam otot menurun

C Aerobic respiration in muscles increases.
Respirasi aerobik di dalam otot meningkat.

D Aerobic respiration in muscles decreases
Respirasi aaerobik di dalam otot menurun

18 Which activity produces the highest concentration of lactic acid in the muscle?
Aktiviti manakah menghasilkan kepekatan asid laktik paling tinggi dalam otot?

A Walking C Sprint runner
Berjalan Lari pecut

B Reading D Jogging
Membaca Berjoging

19 What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in human?
Apakah produk akhir bagi respirasi anaerobik pada manusia?

A Water C Lactic acid
Air Asid laktik

B 38 ATP D Carbon dioxide
38 ATP Karbon dioksida

20 What is effect of high accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle during anaerobic
respiration?
Apakah kesan pengumpulan asid laktik yang tinggi dalam otot semasa respirasi
anaerob?

A Muscle cramp C Muscle degeneration
Otot kejang Otot merosot

B Muscle swollen D Muscle contract rapidly
Otot membengkak Otot mengecut dengan cepat

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21 Which of the following is a similarity between aerobic respiration and anaerobic
respiration in human muscle?
Antara yang berikut, manakah adalah persamaan antara respirasi aerob dan anaerob
dalam otot manusia?

A Oxygen is used C Lactic acid is produced
Oksigen digunakan Asid laktik dihasilkan

B Energy is released D Carbon dioxide is produced
Tenaga dibebaskan karbon dioksida dihasilkan

22 What causes oxygen debt to occur?
Apakah sebab berlakunya hutang oksigen?

A Increases in heart beat C High level of carbon dioxide in the blood

Peningkatan denyutan jantung Aras karbon dioksida tinggi dalam darah

B Rapid breathing D Oxygen demand exceeding oxygen supply
Pernafasan laju keperluan oksigen melebihi bekalan oksigen

23 What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in human?
Apakah perbezaan di antara respirasi aerob dan respirasi anaerob dalam manusia ?

Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration

Respirasi Aerob Respirasi anaerob

A Glucosed is oxidised partially Glucose is oxidised completely

Glukosa dioksidakan secara separa Glukosa dioksidakan dengan lengkap

Produces carbon dioxide and water Produces lactic acid and water
B Menghasilkan karbon dioksida dan Menghasilkan asid laktik dan air

air

C Occurs in the absence of oxygen Occurs in the presence of oxygen
Berlaku tanpa kehadiran oksigen Berlaku dengan kehadiran oksigen

D Produces 38 molecules of ATP Produces 2 molecules of ATP
Menghasilkan 38 molekul ATP Menghasilkan 2 molekul ATP

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24 Fermentation of glucose by yeast can be shown bt the equation below.
Fermentasi glukosa oleh yis boleh ditunjukkan oleh persamaan berikut.

Glucose P + Q + Energy
Glukosa P + Q + Tenaga

A Zymase + ethanol C Lactic acid + Carbon dioxide
Zimase + etanol Asid laktik + karbon dioksida

B Ethanol + lactic acid D Ethanol + carbon dioxide
Etanol + asid laktik Etanol + karbon dioksida

25 Which equations shows oxygen debt?
Persamaan manakah yang menunjukkan hutang oksigen?

A Glucose + Oxygen Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Glukosa + Oksigen Air + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

B Lactic acid + Oxygen Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Asid laktik + Oksigen Air + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

C Glucose Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy
Glukosa Etanol + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

D Glucose Lactic acid + Energy
Glukosa Asid laktik + Tenaga

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26 Diagram 4 shows an individual suffering from vigorous activity.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan individu mengalami kesakitan setelah melakukan aktviti cergas.

Diagram 4 / Rajah 4

Choose the correct information regarding the situation in Diagram 4.
Pilih maklumat yang benar berkaitan situasi dalam Rajah 4.

I Glucose is oxidised incompletely
Glukosa dioksidakan secara tidak lengkap

II Sufficient oxygen in muscle tissue
Oksigen mencukupi dalam tisu otot

III Glucose is broken down completely to lactic acid
Glukosa diuraikan secara lengkap kepada asid laktik

IV More lactic acid accumulates in the muscle tissue
Lebih banyak asid laktik terkumpul dalam tisu otot

A I and II C III and IV
I dan II III dan IV

B II and III D I and IV
II dan III I dan IV

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27 Which of the following are the products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in muscle
cells?
Manakah antara berikut adalah hasil dari respirasi aerob dan anaerob di sel-sel otot?

Aerobic Respirations Anaerobic Respiration
Respirasi aerob Respirasi anaerob

A Carbon dioxide and water Ethanol

Karbon dioksida dan air Etanol

B Carbon dioxide and water Lactic acid

Karbon dioksida dan air Asid laktik

C Lactic acid Ethanol
Asid laktik Etanol

D Lactic acid Carbon dioxide and water
Asid laktik Karbon dioksida dan air

28 What is the similarity between anaerobic respiration in the human muscle and aerobic
respiration?
Apakah persamaan antara respirasi anaerob dalam sel otot manusia dengan respirasi
aerob?

A Oxygen is used
Oksigen digunakan

B Energy is released
Tenaga dibebaskan

C Water vapour is released
Wap air dibebaskan

D Carbon dioxide is released
Karbon dioksida dibebaskan

29 While doing vigorous exercise, high accumulation of lactic acid occurs. The individual
will inhale more oxygen to oxidize the lactic acid.
Where does the oxidation of lactic acid occur in the body?
Semasa aktiviti cergas, pengumpulan asid laktik yang tinggi berlaku. Individu tersebut
akan menyedut lebih oksigen untuk mengoksidakan asid laktik.
Di manakah pengoksidaan asid laktik berlaku di dalam badan?

A Muscle cell C Lungs
Sel otot Peparu

B Heart D Liver
Jantung Hati

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30 Which of the following are the products of anaerobic respiration in muscle cell?
Manakah antara berikut merupakan hasil respirasi anaerob dalam sel otot?

A Ethanol, carbon dioxide and energy.
Etanol, karbon dioksida dan tenaga

B Lactic acid and carbon dioxide
Asid laktik dan karbon dioksida

C Water vapour and oxygen
Wap air dan oksigen

D Lactic acid and energy
Asid laktik dan tenaga

31 A student takes part in a 400 meter sprint event. Which equation represent his respiration
process after he has run the first 200 meter?
Seorang pelajar mengambil bahagian dalam acara larian 400 meter. Persamaan
manakah antara berikut mewakili proses respirasinya setelah berlari 200 meter
pertama?

A Glucose Lactic acid + Energy

Glukosa Asid laktik + Tenaga

B Glucose Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Glukosa Etanol + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

C Glucose Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Glukosa Air + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

D Glucose + Oxygen Lactic acid + Energy

Glukosa + Oxygen Asid laktik + Tenaga

32 Where does aerobic respiration occur in the cell?
Dimanakah respirasi aerob berlaku dalam sel?

A Nucleolus C Mitochondria
Nukleolus Mitokondria

B Ribosome D Chloroplast
Ribosom Kloroplas

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33 Diagram 5 below shows an experiment to study the process related to anaerobic
respiration in yeast.
Rajah 5 di bawah menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji proses berkaitan dengan
respirasi anaerob pada yis.

Diagram 5 / Rajah 5

What adjustment should be made in order to get more precise result?
Apakah yang perlu diperbaiki untuk mendapatkan keputusan yang lebih tepat?

A Plugging the boiling tube W with cork.
Menutup tabung didih W dengan gabus.

B Dipping the end of the glass tube into the solution in the boiling tube V
Merendam hujung salur kaca di dalam larutan tabung didih V

C Putting a layer of paraffin oil on the surface of the solution in boiling tube W
Meletakkan lapisan minyak paraffin di atas permukaan larutan dalam tabung
didih W.

D Adding a few drops of universal indicator into solution in boiling tube W
Menambahkan beberapa titis penunjuk universal ke dalam larutan tabung didih
W

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34 Diagram 6 below shows the germination of maize seed.
Rajah 6 di bawah menunjukkan percambahan biji benih jagung.

Diagram 6 / Rajah 6

Which of the following equation is correct for respiration process that takes place in X?
Antara berikut, persamaan manakah betul bagi proses respirasi yang berlaku dalam X?

A Glucose Lactic acid + Energy

Glukosa Asid laktik + Tenaga

B Glucose Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Glukosa Etanol + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

C Glucose + Oxygen Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Glukosa + Oksigen Etanol + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

D Glucose + Oxygen Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Glukosa + Oksigen Air + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

35 Which of the following statements are true abaout fermentation?
Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar mengenai fermentasi?

I Fermentation occurs in mitochondria.
Fermentasi berlaku di mitokondria.

II Fermentation occurs when there is oxygen.
Fermentasi berlaku apabila terdapat oksigen.

III Fermentation produces alcohol.
Fermentasi menghasilkan alcohol.

IV Fermentation produces lactic acid.
Fermentasi menghasilkan asid laktik

A I and II C II and IV
I dan II II dan IV

B I and III D III and IV
I dan III III dan IV

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36 Which of the following products is produced through fermentation process?
Antara produk beriku yang manakah dihasilkan melalui proses fermentasi?

A Youghurt C Ice cream
Yogurt Ais krim

B Canned corn D Apple juice
Jagung dalam tin jus epal

37 What causes an oxygen debt?
Apakah yang menyebabkan hutang oksigen?

A A lack of glucose
Kekurangan glukosa

B A lack of carbon dioxide
Kekurangan karbon dioksida

C A lack of ATP molecules in the muscle cells
Kekurangan molekul ATP dalam sel otot

D The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle cells
Pengumpulan asid laktik dalam sel otot.

38 Which of the following statements explain the differences between aerobic respiration
and fermentation?
Antara pernyataan berikut yang manakah menerangkan tentang perbezaaan antara
respirasi aerob dan fermentasi?

A Aerobic respiration does not involve the use of oxygen whereas fermentation
requires the use of oxygen.
Respirasi aerob tidak melibatkan oksigen, manakala fermentasi memerlukan
oksigen.

B Aerobic respiration releases less energy whereas fermentation releases more
energy.
Respirasi aerob membebaskan kurang tenaga manakala fermentasi membebaskan
banyak tenaga.

C Fermentation produses lactic acid in plant cells, and carbon dioxide and
ethanol in an animal cell.
Fermentasi menghasilkan asid laktik dalam sel tumbuhan , dan karbon dioksida
dan etanol dalam sel haiwan.

D Aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria, whereas fermentation occurs in
cytoplasm.
Respirasi aerob berlaku dalam mitokondria, manakala fermentasi berlaku dalam
sitoplasma.

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39 What causes muscle cramps and tiredness after vigorous activity?
Apakah yang menyebabkan kekejangan otot dan keletihan selepas aktiviti cergas?

A The release of excessive amount of oxygen
Pembebasan oksigen yang berlebihan

B The release of excessive amount of carbon dioxide
Pembebasan karbon dioksida yang berlebihan

C The accumulation of lactic acid in muscles
Pengumpulan asid laktik dalam otot

D The use of large amount of oxygen
Penggunaan oksigen yang banyak.

40 Which of the following statements are true about the fermentation in muscles?
Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar tentang fermentasi di otot?

I Occurs in cytoplasm
Berlaku dalam sitoplasma

II Produces ethanol, carbon dioxide and energy
Menghasilkan etanol, karbon dioksida dan tenaga.

III Occurs when body cells incur an oxygen debt.
Berlaku apabila sel badan mengalami hutang oksigen.

IV Produces more energy than aerobic respiration.
Menghasilkan lebih banyak tenaga daripada respirasi aerob.

A I and II C II and IV
I dan II II dan IV

B I and III D III and IV
I dan III III dan IV

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