Bab 11 Keimunan Manusia

Bahan Initiative Pekan @ SPM 2021

1. Which blood cell produce antibody?
Sel darah manakah menghasilkan antibodi?

2. What is the protein released by lymphocytes into the blood plasma?
Apakah protein yang dibebaskan oleh limfosit ke dalam plasma darah?
A Antibody / Antibodi
B Antiserum / Antiserum
C Antiseptic / Antiseptik
D Antibiotic / Antibiotik

3. Which of the following terms refers to the microorganism that causes disease?
Antara istilah yang berikut, yang manakah merujuk kepada mikroorganisma yang
menyebabkan penyakit?

A Pathogen / Patogen
B Antigen / Antigen
C Lysozyme / Lisozim
D Antiserum / Antiserum

4. What is the protein produced in response to the presence of antigen? 1
Apakah protein yang dihasilkan dalam gerak balas terhadap kehadiran antigen?
A Antibody / Antibodi
B Antiserum / Antiserum
C Antiseptic / Antiseptik
D Antibiotic / Antibiotik

BAB 11: KEIMUNAN MANUSIA

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5. Which of the following is the human first line of defence?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah merupakan barisan pertahanan pertama manusia?
A Mucus secretion
Rembesan mukus
B Production of antibody
Penghasilan antibodi
C Phagocytosis
Fagositosis
D Immunity
Keimunan

6. Which of the following terms refers to the microorganism that cause disease?
Antara istilah berikut, yang manakah merujuk kepada mikroorganisma yang menyebabkan
penyakit?

A Lysozyme / Lisozim
B Antibody / Antibodi
C Antigen / Antigen
D Pathogen / Patogen

7. Diagram 1 shows a process involved in the second line defence mechanism.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu proses yang terlibat dalam mekanisme pertahanan barisan
kedua.

Diagram 1/ Rajah 1

Which of the following cells involved in this defence mechanism?
Yang manakah antara sel-sel yang berikut terlibat dalam mekanisme pertahanan?

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I. Eosinophils / Eosinofil
II. Basophils / Basofil
III. Monocytes / Monosit
IV. Neutrophils / Neutrofil

A I and I / I dan II
B I and III / I dan III
C II and IV / II dan IV
D III and IV / III dan IV

8. Diagram 2 shows an interaction between antibody and antigen. What is P?
Rajah 2 menunjukkan interaksi antara antibodi dan antigen. Apakah P?

P

Diagram 2/Rajah 2

A Antibody / Antibodi
B Antigen / Antigen
C Antiseptic / Antiseptik
D Antibiotic / Antibiotic

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9. Diagram 3 shows a bacterium and a virus.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan suatu bakteria dan satu virus.

Diagram 3 /Rajah 3

What is the structure labelled X?
Apakah struktur yang berlabel X?

A Antibiotic / Antibiotik
B Antibody / Antibodi
C Antiserum / Antiserum
D Antigen / Antigen

10. Which of the following are involvedin the first line of body defence in human body?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah terlibat dalam barisan pertahanan pertama dalam
badan manusia?

I Lysozyme / Lisozim
II Mucus membrane / Membran mukus
III Phagocytosis / Fagositosis
IV T Lymphocyte / Limfosit T

A I and II / I dan II
B I and III / I dan III
C II and IV / II dan IV
D III and IV / III dan IV

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11. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages in the phagocytosis?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah susunan yang betul bagi peringkat-peringkat dalam
fagositosis?
I Bacterium ingestion forms phagosome
Pengingesan bakteria membentuk fagosom
II Phagocyte envelops the bacteria
Sel fagosit mengepung bakteria
III Bacterium in the phagosome is destroyed by the lysozyme
Bakteria di dalam fagosom dimusnahkan oleh lisozim
IV Phagocyte expels the remains of the digested microorganism out of the cell
Fagosit menyingkirkan sisa mikroorganisma yang tercerna ke luar sel
A II, I, III, IV
B I, II, III, IV
C II, III, I, IV
D IV, II, I, III

12. Diagram 4 shows the process which involves a leucocyte.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan proses yang melibatkan satu leukosit.

Bacteria /
Bakteria

Diagram 4 / Rajah 4 5

What is the process shown in Diagram 4?
Apakah proses yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4?

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A. Agglutination/ Pengaglutinan
B. Lysis/ Lisis
C. Phagocytosis/ Fagositosis
D. Neutralisation / Peneutralan

13. Which of the following are involvedin the first line of body defence in human body?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah terlibat dalam barisan pertahanan pertama dalam
badan manusia?
I Inflammation / Keradangan
II Mucus membrane / Membran mukus
III Saliva / Air liur
IV Leukosit / Leukosit

A I and II / I dan II
B II and III / I dan III
C III and IV / III dan IV
D I and IV / I dan IV

14. Which of the following is the body’s natural defense against the entry of pathogens?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah merupakan pertahanan badan semula jadi terhadap
kemasukan patogen?

A Action of antibodies
Tindakan antibodi

B Acidic gastrik juice in stomach
Jus gastrik berasid dalam perut

C Transport of red blood cells
Pengangkutan sel darah merah

D Injection of vaccine
Suntikan vaksin

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15. The following are the steps carry out by the phagocyte in phagocytosis.
Yang berikut merupakan langkah-langkah yang dijalankan oleh fagosit dalam fagositosis.

P: Phagosome is formed
Fagosome dibentuk.

Q: Bacteria are digested
Bakteria dicernakan .

R: Phagocytes encloses and engulfs bacteria
Fagosit mengepung dan menelan bakteria.

S: Waste is released
Sisa disingkirkan.

Which of the following shows the sequence of phagositosis in correct order?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan urutan fagositosis yang betul?

A P, R, Q, S
B R, Q, S, P
C R, P, Q, S
D Q, P, S, R

16. What is the fuction of the first line of defence in human body?
Apakah fungsi barisan pertahanan pertama badan manusia?
A To prevent pathogens from entering the body
Menghalang kemasukan patogen ke dalam badan
B To prevent excessive blood loss.
Menghalang kehilangan darah berlebihan
C To destroy antigen
Memusnahkan antigen
D To destroy pathogen by phagocytosis
Memusnahkan patogen melalui fagositosis.

17. Which of the following carries out the phagicytosis process? 7

BAB 11: KEIMUNAN MANUSIA

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Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menjalankan proses fagositosis?
I Neutrophil / Neutrofil
II Monocyte / Monosit

III Basophil / Basofil
IV Lymphocyte / Limfosit

A I and II / I dan II
B I and III / I dan III
C II and III / II dan III
D III and IV / III dan IV

18. Which or the following statements about the antibody are correct?
Antara pernyataan-pernyataan yang berikut, yang manakah tentang antibodi adalah
betul?

I It is a protein
Ia adalah suatu protein

II It is produced by lymphocytes
Ia dihasilkan oleh limfosit

III It is produced in response to the entry of food substances into the body
Ia dihasilkan sebagai gerak balas kepada kemasukan bahan makanan ke dalam badan

IV It is destroyed by pathogens
Ia dimusnahkan oleh patogen

A I and II / I dan II
B I and III / I dan III
C II and IV / II dan IV
D III and IV / III dan IV

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19. Which of the following white blood cells produces antibodies?
Antara sel darah putih berikut, yang manakah menghasilkan antibodi?
A Neutrophil / Neutrofil
B Monocyte / Monosit
C Basophil / Basofil
D Llymphocyte / Limfosit

20. The statement below shows the mechanism use by antibodies to destroy antigens.
Pernyataan di bawah menunjukkan mekanisme yang digunakan oleh antibodi umtuk
memusnahkan antigen.

Antibodies causes pathogens to clamp together.
Antibodi menyebabkan patogen yang menggumpal.

Which of the following refers to the mechanism?
Antara berikut, yang manakah merujuk kepada mekanisme tersebut?

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21. The diagram 5 shows a mechanism of antibody destroying an antigen.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu mekanisma antibodi memusnahkan antigen.

Diagram 5 / Rajah 5
Which of the following is the mechanism?
Antara berikut, yang manakah mekanisma berikut?
A. Lysis / penguraian
B. Agglutination/ Penggumpalan
C. Neutralisation / Peneutralan
D. Phagocytosis / Fagositosis

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22. Diagram 6 shows the action of aparticular antibody.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan tindakan suatu antibodi tertentu

Diagram 6 / Rajah 6

Which of the following is this antibody action?
Antara berikut, yang manakah adalah tindakan antibodi ini?

A Lysis / Penguraian
B Agglutination/ Penggumpalan
C Neutralisation / Peneutralan
D Precipitations / Pemendakan

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23. Which of the following is an example of active immunity?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah merupakan suatu contoh keimunan aktif?
A Breast feeding
Penyusuan ibu
B Recovery from a disease
Pulih dari sejenis penyakit
C Taking antibiotics
Mengambil antibiotik
D Injection of antibodies
Suntikan antibodi

24. How artificial passive immunity is obtained?
Bagaimanakah keimunan pasif buatan diperolehi?
A By vaccination
Melalui pemvaksinan
B Injection of antiserum
Suntikan antiserum
C Recovery from an infection
Sembuh daripada jangkitan
D Through placenta
Melalui plasma

25. Which of the following immunity should be given to a seriously accident victim?
Keimunan yang manakah perlu diberi kepada mangsa kemalangan yang parah?

A Artifically acquired active immunity
Keimunan aktif buatan

B Artifically acquired passive immunity
Keimunan pasif buatan

C Naturally acquired active immunity
Keimunan aktif semula jadi

D Naturally acquired passive immunity
Keimunan pasif semulajadi

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26. A hunter bitten by a venomous snake and he is admitted to a hospital.
What should be given immediately to a hunter?
Seorang pemburu telah dipatuk sejenis ular yang berbisa dan beliau telah dimasukkan ke
hospital. Apakah yang perlu diberikan kepada pemburu tersebut dengan segera?

A An injection of vaccine / Suntikan vaksin
B An injection of antiserum / Suntikan antiserum

C An injection of antigen / Suntikan antigen
D An injection of antibody / Suntikan antibodi

27. Diagram 7 shows a graph on a type of immunity.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan graf sejenis keimunan.

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7

Which of the following statements is true about the immunity?
Yang manakah antara pernyataan berikut benar tentang keimunan tersebut?

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A The immunity is temporary.
Keimunan adalah sementara.

B The immunity is obtained from the injection of vaccine.
Keimunan diperolehi daripada suntikan vaksin.

C The immunity is obtained immediately.
Keimunan diperolehi dengan kadar segera.

D The immunity is required to treat rabies.
Keimunan ini perlu untuk merawat penyakit anjing gila.

28. What is the most suitable immunity to be given to a person who bitten by a rapid dog?
Apakah jenis keimunan yang paling sesuai diberi kepada seseorang yang digigit oleh
anjing gila?

A Artificially acquired passive immunity
Keimunan pasif buatan

B Naturally acquired passive immunity
Keimunan pasif semulajadi

C Artificially acquired active immunity
Keimunan aktif buatan

D Naturally acquired active immunity
Keimunan aktif semulajadi

29. The graph in Diagram 8 shows the concentration of the antibody against measles which is
found in the blood of a person who has recovered from the disease?
Graf dalam rajah 8 menunjukkan kepekatan antibodi terhadap campak yang terdapat
dalam darah seseorang yang telah pulih daripada penyakit ini?

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Diagram 8 / Rajah 8
What type of immunity does this person get?
Apakah jenis keimunan yang diperolehi individu ini?
A Artificially acquired passive immunity

Keimunan pasif buatan
B Naturally acquired passive immunity

Keimunan pasif semulajadi
C Artificially acquired active immunity

Keimunan aktif buatan
D Naturally acquired active immunity

Keimunan aktif semulajadi

30. Which of the following subsatnces is injected to treat or give temporary protection against
a specific disesase?
Antara bahan berikut, yang manakah disuntikuntuk merawat atau memberi perlindungan
sementara terhadap suatu penyakit tertentu?

A Vaccine / Vaksin
B Antiserum / Antiserum
C Antiseptic / Antiseptik
D Antioxidant / Antioksidan

31. Diagram 9 is a graph that shows the concentration of antibody in the blood.
Rajah 9 ialah graf yang menunjukkan kepekatan antibodi di dalam darah.

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Diagram 9 / Rajah 9
What has been injected into the blood based on the graph?
Apakah yang telah disuntik ke dalam darah berdasarkan graf tersebut?
A Colostrum / Kolostrum
B Vaccine / Vaksin
C Horse antiserum / Antiserum kuda
D Blood plasma / Plasma darah

32. Diagram 10 shows a few horses that had been innoculated with a weakened pathogen to
induce the immune system to produce substance P.Substance P was then innoculated into
individual R to help fight a disease.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan beberapa ekor kuda yang telah disuntik dengan patogen yang
dilemahkan bagi merangsang sistem keimunan menghasilkan bahan P. Bahan P
kemudiannya disuntik ke dalam individu R bagi membantu melawan penyakit.

Diagram 10 / Rajah 10

Which of the following graphs represents the type of immunity aquired by individual R?
Antara graf berikut yang manakah mewakili jenis keimunan yang diperolehi oleh individu
R?

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33. Diagram 11 below shows a graph of a type of immunity.
Rajah 11 di bawah menunjukkan graf bagi sejenis keimunan.

Diagram 11 / Rajah 11

Which statement is true about the graph?
Pernyataan yang manakah benar tentang graf tersebut?
A Second injection contains higher level of antibody.
Suntikan kedua mengandungi aras antibody yang lebih tinggi.
B Second injection is required to boost the production of antibody.
Suntikan kedua diperlukan untuk merangsang penghasilan antibodi.
C Both injections contain pathogen which control production of antibody.
Kedua-dua suntikan mengandungi patogen yang mengawal penghasilan antibodi.
D Both injections contain serum that can increase antibody level.
Kedua-dua suntikan mengandungi serum yang meningkatkan aras antibody.

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34. Hand of a student was bitten as shown below.
Tangan seorang pelajar telah dipatuk ular seperti gambar di bawah.

Diagram 12/Rajah 12
Diagram 12 is a graph showing the changes in the concentration of antibodies in
the blood of a student after he was given an antiserum injection.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan graf perubahan kepekatan antibodi dalam darah seorang
pelajar selepas diberikan suntikan antiserum.

Diagram 12 / Rajah 12 19

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Which of the graphs A, B, C and D shows the changes in the concentration of
antibodies in the blood after a period of time?
Manakah graf A, B, C dan D menunjukkan perubahan kepekatan antibodi dalam
darah selepas suatu tempoh masa tertentu?

35. A husband and wife just had a baby. They refused the vaccination for their baby.
How would the couple be convinced to get vaccination for their baby?
Sepasang suami isteri baru sahaja menimang cahaya mata. Mereka menolak pemvaksinan
terhadap bayi mereka.
Bagaimanakah pasangan tersebut dapat diyakinkan untuk mendapatkan pemvaksinan bagi
bayi mereka?

I Vaccination allows baby’s white blood cells to produce antibodies against certain
pathogens
Pemvaksinan membolehkan sel darah putih bayi menghasilkan antibodi terhadap
patogen tertentu.

II Antibodies produced will remain in the baby’s blood stream
Antibodi yang terhasil akan kekal di dalam aliran darah bayi

III Vaccination can protect all the from all types of pathogen infections.
Pemvaksinan dapat melindungi bayi daripada semua jenis jangkitan patogen

IV Injected vaccine contains selected antibodies to protect from pathogen infections
Vaksin yang disuntik mengandungi antibodi terpilih untuk melindungi daripada
jangkitan patogen.

A I and II / I dan II
B I and III / I dan III
C II and IV / II dan IV
D III and IV / III dan IV

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36. Diagram 12 shows a pamphlet on HPV vaccination.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan satu risalah tentang pelalian HPV.

Diagram 12 / Rajah 12 21

What is the characteristic of this immunization?
Apakah ciri keimunan ini?

A Involves injection of antibodi
Melibatkan suntikan antibodi

B Involves injection of antiserum
Melibatkan suntikan antiserum

C The immunity is temporary
Keimunan adalah sementara

D The immunity is long term
Keimunan jangka masa panjang

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37. Diagram 13 shows the concentration of antibodyin the blood of individual A and
individual B for a period of 10 weeks to acquire immunity. Both of them were given to
injections respectively.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan kepekatan antibodi di dalam darah kedua-dua individu A dan
dalam jangka masa 10 minggu untuk memperolehi keimunan. Kedua-dua mereka masing-
masing telah diberikan dua suntikan.

Diagram 13 / Rajah 13

What type of immunity is obtained by individual A and B?
Apakah jenis keimunan yang diperolehi oleh individu A dan individu B?

Individual A / Individu A Individual B / Individu B
A Artificially active immunity Artificial passive immunity
Keimunan pasif buatan
Keimunan aktif buatan Artificial active immunity
B Artificial passive immunity Keimunan aktif buatan
Natural active immunity
Keimunan pasif buatan Keimunan aktifsemulajadi
C Natural passive immunity Artificially active immunity
Keimunan aktif buatan
Keimunan pasif semulajadi
D Naturally active immunity 22

Keimunan aktif semulajadi

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38. Diagram 14 shows how horse serum can used to help patient at risk of tetanus.
Rajah 14 menunjukkan bagaimana serum kuda dapat digunakan untuk membantu
pesakit kancing gigi.

Diagram 14/ Rajah 14 23

What type of the immunity the patient manage to gain ?
Apakah jenis keimunan yang diperolehi oleh pesakit ini ?

A Artificially acquired passive immunity
Keimunan pasif buatan

B Naturally acquired passive immunity
Keimunan pasif semulajadi

C Artificially acquired active immunity
Keimunan aktif buatan

D Naturally active immunity
Keimunan aktif semulajadi

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39. Aids is a disesase caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). AIDS patients
are highly susceptible to secondary infections which eventually cause death. Why does
this happen?
AIDS salah satu penyakit yg disebabkan oleh virus kurang daya tahan manusia (HIV).
pesakit AIDS mudah dijangkiti jangkitan sekunder yang akhirnya menyebabkan maut.
Mengapakah ini berlaku?

A The patient is too sick to consume a healthy and balance diet
Pesakit terlalu sakit untuk memakan gizi yang sihat dan seimbang

B The pathogens have become resistant to the medication taken by the patient.
Patogen-patogen adalah rintangan terhadap ubat-ubatan yang diambil oleh
pesakit

C The patients usually do not seek medical attention
Pesakit-pesakit biasanya tidak mendapatkan rawatan

D The patient is unable to produce antibodies.
Pesakit tidak dapat menghasilkan antibodi

40. The following is a statement about AIDS.
Yang berikut merupakan pernyataan mengenai AIDS.

AIDS patients are common to get secondary infections such as pneumonia.
Pesakit AIDS biasanya akan mendapat jangkitan sekunder seperti pneumonia.

Which of the following best explain the statement?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menerangkan pernyataan dengan paling baik?

A HIV causes monocyctes to engulf leucocytes.
HIV menyebabkan monosit menelan leukosit

B HIV ataacks neutrophils and inhibits phagocytosis.
HIV menyerang neutrofil dan merencat fagositosis

C HIV attacks bone marrow.
HIV menyerang sum-sum tulang

D HIV atttacks T-lymphocytes and reduces the production of antibodies.
HIV menyerang limfosit T dan mengurangkan penghasilan antibodi.

END OF QUESTION PAPER 24
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

BAB 11: KEIMUNAN MANUSIA