Technical Framework on Planning & Design of Solar Energy Based Dual Pumping Water System for Rural Drinking Piped Water Supply Scheme

Technical Framework
on Planning of

Solar Energy Based Dual Pumping Water System for
Rural Drinking Piped Water Supply Scheme

Hand Pump

Conceived & Developed By :

M/s WatsanCAD Solution

Accredited Channel Partner of Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, GoI

June 2017

68, Amrapali Enclave, Chunnabhatti, Bhopal - 462016
E-mail : [email protected]

Mobile : +91-78699-69696, Phone : +91-755-242-8383

.

Date : 12th June 2017
Place : Bhopal

Foreword

Sustainable development goal is to ensure safe and sustainable WaSH for all. In
Consonance with declared objec ve of Government of India to provide adequate
safe & potable water on sustainable basis with minimum water quality standards
and be readily and conveniently accessible at all mes in all situa ons in every
habita on / village at household level.
The key challenge is opera on & maintenance piped water supply system, its
reliability, convenience and affordability in remotely located rural habita ons in
flunged areas, reasons can be.
- Deple ng ground water levels
- Non & Scanty availability of power
- community can not afford opera on & maintenance cost
An appropriate solu on can be Solar energy based dual water standalone pumping
water supply system.
The key issue is non availability of specific Technical Frame work on Planning of
Solar Energy Based Dual Pumping Water System for Piped Drinking Water Supply
Schemes so far. Being a na onal flagship programme i.e. affordable clean & green
energy, author has made an a empt to develop the much needed technical
framework for planning the same with his vast experience & knowledge of 45
years in WaSH in the interest of the sector to ensure sustainability drinking water
systems. Hope this technical framework will be useful for planners, designers &
managers working in this sector.
Special thanks to Dr. Dinesh Chand, Addi onal Advisor, Ministry of Drinking Water
Supply & Sanita on, GoI, New Delhi & Deepak Hingorani, Director, WatsanCAD
Solu on, Bhopal for providing support in developing said technical framework.

Harish Kumar Hingorani
Execu ve Director (Technical)
WatsanCAD solu on
Retd. Chief Engineer & In-charge Engineer in Chief, PHED Cha sgarh

.

AC Abbrevia ons
AMC Alterna ng Current
BIS Annual Maintenance Contract
CPHEEO Bureau of Indian Standards
DC Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organiza on
Dia Direct Current
GOI Diameter
HDPE Government of India
HP High Density Polyethylene
ID Horse Power
IEC Inner Diameter
km/hr Interna onal Electrotechnical Commission
KW Kilometer / Hour
LPCD Kilo Wa
LPH Liters Per Capita Demand
m3 Liters Per Hour
MLD meter cube
mm Million Liters Per Day
MoDWS Milli meter
MoUD Ministry of Drinking Water Supply & Sanita on
MPPT Ministry of Urban Development
MS Maximum Power Point Tracking
NRW Metallic Structure
OD Non Revenue Water
OHT Outer Diameter
PHC Over head Tank
PN Primary Health Centre
PV Pressure Numbers
PVC Photovoltaic
PWSS Poly Vinyl Chloride
SBC Piped Water Supply Scheme
SC / ST Soil Bearing Capacity
T.W. Schedule Cast / Schedule Tribe
TDH Tube Well
TDS Total Dynamic Head
UFW Total Dissolved Solids
Unaccounted For Water

Ist Edi on - June 2017

Technical Framework on Planning of
Solar Energy Based Dual Pumping Water System
for Rural Drinking Piped Water Supply Scheme

ContentsM/s WatsanCAD Solution,BhopalPage No
01
SN. Contents 01
01. Iden fica on of Habita ons/ Villages 01
02. Present / Exis ng Water Supply Status 02
03. Planning Period 03
04 Planning Stages 03
05. Popula on Projec ons 03
06. Assessment of Water Demands 05
07. Iden fica on of Source/s 05
08. Solar Energy Pumping System 07
07
1. Pumps and Motor 07
2. Solar Panel Array 08
09
a. Site Selec on 09
b. Array Sizing 10
09. Moun ng Structure
10. Conveyance Main 10
11. Water Treatment
12. Storage 11
13. Water Distribu on System 11
14. Desicated Water supply system solar energy based dual 12
pumping system schools / Aganwadi’s 12
15. Remote Monitoring 12
16 Fencing 13
17. Source Sustainability
18. Finances T
19. References E
C
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Technical Framework on Planning of
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for Rural Drinking Piped Water Supply Scheme

01. IDENTIFICATION OF HABITATIONS / VILLAGES

A. Popula on should be less than 300* souls approximately census 2011
B. Habita on not yet electrified
C. Habita ons which are electrified but power supply is not regular.
D SC/ST dominated popula on
E. Remotely Hilly located areas
F. Where the ground water table of all the sources of habita on / villages

depletes beyond 45 m.
G. Non func on of exis ng PWSS due to higher electricity bills
H. Water quality affected habita on
I. Where most of the sources of the habita on / villages are water quality

affected and availability of safe source is in limita on as well as distantly
located
Note :
1. * May be considered higher popula on habita on/ villages / small
towns under specific circumstances and needs of the state specific
2. Rejuvena on / rehabilita on of exis ng pumping system of piped water
supply systems can be considered under specific requirements of the
state specific.
M/s WatsanCAD Solution,Bhopal
02. PRESENT / EXISTING WATER SUPPLY STATUS

a. Study of exis ng & present water supply system of habita on / village

b. Iden fica on of gaps & short comings with exis ng water supply system T
E

c. Need of Improvement and augmenta on of exis ng water supply system. C
H

N

03. PLANNING PERIOD I
C

SN Components Years A

01 SOURCE L

a. Surface Source 30 F
b. Ground Water 20 R
02 SOLAR PUMPING SYSTEM A
a. Pump and Controller 10 M
b. Solar Panels 20* E
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Technical Framework on Planning of
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for Rural Drinking Piped Water Supply Scheme

SN Components Years

c. Water Treatment Units 20#

d. Conveyance 20#

e. Storage

i. RCC Structure 20**

ii Prefabricated Storage (HDPE / PVC) 10***
M/s WatsanCAD Solution,Bhopal
iii Prefabricated Storage 20***

f. Distribu on System 20#

Note :
1. * Solar panels life to be considered 20 years. To be phased with the

requirement of pumps stages i.e. 10 year stage and solar panel can be
further augmented at the desired stages.
2. # Similarly if treatment units, Conveyance, Storage, water distribu on
network are required to be designed and to be installed for the
different stages in considera on with the phased water pumping system
requirements.
3. *** STAGING STRUCTURES OF PREFABRICATED OHT SHOULD BE DESIGNED
TO WITHSTAND THE LOADS OF ULTIMATE WATER DEMAND STORAGE IN
CONSIDERATION WITH CLOUDY PERIOD NEEDS.
4. Planning period has been suggested with the requirement of Manual on
DPR prepara on published by MoDWS, New Delhi, India

04. PLANNING STAGES

Planning and Design stages of the proposed scheme shall be considered as under

in accordance with the requirement of design period of various components in T
E
preceding para’s. C

SN Design Period Stages Remarks H
N
01 Base year Design Year
I

02 01 Year Ini al Stage Base Year + Lag Period C
A

03 10 Years Intermediate Stage Base Year + Lag Period + 10 L

04 20 Years Ul mate Stage Base Year + Lag Period + 20 F
R
Note : Suggested Lag period 1 year for Mini Piped Water Supply Scheme & 2 A
years piped water Supply Scheme M
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Technical Framework on Planning of
Solar Energy Based Dual Pumping Water System
for Rural Drinking Piped Water Supply Scheme

05. POPULATION PROJECTIONS

The es ma on of design popula on at various stages of the project for the
proposed water supply system is required to be carried out in accordance with the
provision of para 4.2 of Manual for prepara on of Detailed Project reports for Rural
Piped Water Supply Schemes published by MoDWS. Using various mathema cal
models.
M/s WatsanCAD Solution,Bhopal
06. ASSESSMENT OF WATER DEMANDS

Water needs for the proposed rural water supply schemes are required to be
es mated for various stages of the project is required to be worked out by adop ng
@ 70 LPCD for domes c and other needs only. Being a PWSS, in addi on provision
of line losses (UFW) shall be made @ 15 % of the total water demand.

07. IDENTIFICATION OF SOURCE/S

• Source/s should be capable of catering required water needs at different
stages in sustainable manner.

• Source/s should be sustainable & perennial over the design period.
• Source/s selec on can be guided by water demands as well as solar

radia on of loca on specific. Accordingly source/s can be iden fied.
• Determine the winter and summer shine hours for the period one calender

year.

Peak Sunshine Hours (PSH) T
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Technical Framework on Planning of
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for Rural Drinking Piped Water Supply Scheme

• Source/s can be capable providing required water demand under minimum

solar radia on of loca on specific considering off grid stand alone system.

Note : Incase of bigger water piped water supply schemes grid ed systems can

be considered subject to the opera on of grid from dawn to dusk. Planning

of same require number of sunny days and average peak sunshine hours of

loca on specific. Accordingly source iden fica on should be done.

M/s WatsanCAD Solution,Bhopal
• Minimum specific yield of the source in summer should not be less than

3000 LPH for which necessary long term yield test should be carried out.

• Source/s should be checked against seasonal fluctua ons i.e. yield and

water level (sta c and draw down) for winter and summer.

• Minimum safe yield for design purpose should be equal to or greater than

2250 LPH & with due considera on to summer.

• With due considera on to deple ng ground water level, quan ty &

geological forma on which does not permits higher yield, in such specific

regions / areas minimum summer specific yield can be considered 2000

LPH and minimum safe yield for design purpose can be considered ≥ 1500

LPH to ensure the safe and potable to meet the minimum water needs of

habita on / village.

• Conjunc ve use of water sources should be given top priority & same can

be considered for different water uses.

• Source/s can be exis ng & / or new.

• If the new source/s are to be iden fied then scien fic source finding

prac ce should be adopted. T

• To ensure the long term sustainability of source, appropriate site specific E
C

ground water recharge structure should be provided. H

• Preferably diameter of tube well should not be less than 150 mm. N

I

• Tube well should be perfectly ver cal. C
A

• Physical, Chemical & Bacteriological test should be carried out mandatory L

to ensure its potability. F

• Preference should be given to non water quality affected source/s on R
A

priority. M

E
• Source/s should be silt & sand free. But in no case sand content should W

be more than 50 gm/m3 . Accordingly development & cleaning of ground O
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Technical Framework on Planning of
Solar Energy Based Dual Pumping Water System
for Rural Drinking Piped Water Supply Scheme

water based source/s i.e. tube well should be carried out in considera on
with the geological forma on and strata
• Sanitary inspec on of the source should be carried out to assess the safety
of the source/s.
• Tube well protec on works should be provided to ensure source/s safety.

08. SOLAR ENERGY PUMPING SYSTEM

Solar energy based pumping system consist of
01. PUMPS AND MOTOR
a. Determine Total Dynamic Head (TDH) for pump design can be sum of sta c

head, draw down, pressure head, velocity head and fric onal losses etc
in conjunc on with summer and winter solar radia on hours for loca on
specific.
M/s WatsanCAD Solution,Bhopal
T
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b. SelecƟon of Pump : An appropriate technically feasible pumping system L

should be selected in considera on with requirement of total design F
R
head, discharge, opera ng voltage range, opera ng efficiency of pumping A
M
system, and other factors etc. subject to commercial availability. E

c. Lower opera ng voltage of solar pumping system may be helpful to start W
O
the pumping in early hours and stop in late evening hours (during low level R
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of radia on) and will be feasible for cloudy condi ons too.

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Technical Framework on Planning of
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for Rural Drinking Piped Water Supply Scheme

d. Pumps can be either surface or submersible and selected according to the

source requirement.

e. Type of pumping systems can be

i. Helical Rotor Pump with Brush less DC Motor

ii. Centrifugal Pump with Brush less DC Motor

iii. Centrifugal Pump with AC Induc on Motor
M/s WatsanCAD Solution,Bhopal
f. The pumping system so selected should have wire to water efficiency more

than 50%.

g. For solar energy based dual pump piped water supply schemes it is

recommended to provide

1. Helical rotor pump with brush less DC motor up to 2.2 HP (limita on

due to it’s commercial availability).

2. Centrifugal pump with brush less DC motor beyond 2.2 HP upto 5

HP (limita on due to it’s commercial availability).

3. Centrifugal Pumps with AC Induc on motors above 5 HP

Note : Recommenda on is based on the opera ng efficiency of Pump and motor

h. Impeller material of pumping system should be corrosion, resistant abrasion

free, cavita ons resistant

i. Determine the hydraulic energy of motor for given total design head and

water requirements in considera on with summer and winter sunshine

hours in Wa s / Kilo Wa s & opera ng efficiency pump and motor over

the design period of selected pump type. Select the pumping system of

having maximum hydraulic energy output either of the two condi ons. T
E
j. Pumping system can be either standalone Off Grid or Grid-Tied in C

considera on with the needs of loca on specific. In the present case (for H
N
smaller water supply systems) it should be stand alone off grid system. I
C
k. Incase of dual pump system India Mark - II hand pump should be required A

to be installed also. This will facilitate to cater water needs during cloudy L

days and also when solar pumping systems goes out of order. F

l. Preferably separate riser pipe for solar pumping system and hand pump R
A

should be considered. M
E
m. Pump should operate on DC as well as AC power. For its opera on in W
O
between switching arrangement should be kept. R

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Technical Framework on Planning of
Solar Energy Based Dual Pumping Water System
for Rural Drinking Piped Water Supply Scheme

Note : It is mandatory to have test cer ficate from accredited test laboratory for proposed

solar pumping system (for specific pump and panel) for required opera ng head and

discharge under fixed array condi ons.

02. SOLAR PANEL ARRAY

a. SITE SELECTION

i. Require physical field survey to iden fy the loca on for installa on

M/s WatsanCAD Solution,Bhopalof array.

ii. Preferably array should be in shadow free area, placement in south

direc on and having required lt.

iii. No power line should be passing over and above installa on site of

panel array.

iv. Sufficient space required for installa on of the array should be

available with the provision of future expansion.

v. Availability of Government land should be preferred for installa on

of storage & Solar Array.

vi. Preferably distance between pump and panel array should be kept

minimum.

b. ARRAY SIZING

i. Array sizing is governed by requirement of input power required

for the opera on of pumping system as a whole.

ii. While determining the array sizing due considera on should be

given for various losses for the specific loca on i.e. dirt loss, bird

droppings, module soiling, shading if any, temperature & humidity T

loss, air pollu on, ageing and de-ra ng of modules and pump E
C

motor system, manufacturing inconsistency in modules, mismatch H
N
loss, low radia on condi ons, non op mal lt angles, non I

func oning of tracking, environment losses, cable and wiring, C
A

inverter, transformer conversion losses, down me losses. L

Accordingly determine required array size in accordance to meet F

requirement of input power. R
A

iii. Determine the number of panels required in considera on with the M
E
opera ng voltage & current to meet the array wa age requirement W

for the pumping system in considera on with commercially O
R

availability. Accordingly layout of the panels can be decided i.e. K

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Technical Framework on Planning of
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requirement of panels in series & parallel in conjunc on with needs
of pump electronics parameters.
iv. Preferably mono / poly crystalline cells may be used for solar
array.
v. Cell efficiency should not be less than 15%
vi. Panel array should be designed considering as fixed type and
accordingly array sizing can be worked out designed for the loca on
specific.
vii. Necessary provision should be considered for the ligh ng conductor,
earthing system, surge protec on and other safety devices.
M/s WatsanCAD Solution,Bhopal
09. MOUNTING STRUCTURE

i. Should have a MS prefabricated moun ng structure with hot dipped

galvanized minimum zinc coa ng of 120 micron

ii. Minimum size of angle should not be less than 50 x 50 x 5 mm

iii. Wind velocity should be considered 200 km/hr

iv. Designing the moun ng structure and its founda on due considera on

should be given for dead load, live load, wind load, seismic effects, soil

bearing capacity and ground water table of site specific loca on.

v. The founda on should be designed in accordance with the requirement

of maximum turning moments and shearing forces. Accordingly depth of

founda on should be fixed.

vi. Solar Panel Array should be placed at staging level of gallery of the Over T
E
Head Tank or if panels array are required to be installed separately minimum C
H
clearance between the ground and bo om edge of panel array should not N

be less than 3 m. I
C
vii. Array should not be installed over and above the reservoir.
A

viii. Balance of system (cables, junc on boxes, switches, controller, MPPT based L

controller, dry run protec on, other protec on device should be provided F
R
as per standard, norms & guidelines should be considered.
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Technical Framework on Planning of
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10. CONVEYANCE MAIN

i. Determine the economical size of conveyance main in accordance with the
requirement of CPHEEO Manual published by MoUD, GOI. Considering the
various stages water needs.

ii. HDPE Grade 100 Pipe should be used.
iii. Pressure ra ng of pipe should be in considera on with posi ve opera ng

head & water hammer. But it should not be less than Working Pressure of
6kg/cm2 (PN6).
iv. Diameter of pipe should be as per design. but should not be less than 63
mm OD.
v. Digital water meter with sensor based for measurement of flow should be
provided at discharge point of over head tank.
M/s WatsanCAD Solution,Bhopal
11. WATER TREATMENT

i. Where the source/s of the habita on / village are having either of the

contamina on like TDS, fluoride, iron, arsenic etc more than desired

limits then necessary prefabricated specific required water treatment unit

should be provided. Provisioning of treated water should be considered

@ 10 - 12 LPCD only i.e. for drinking and cooking. The treatment unit

should be opera ve either on gravity system or required to be operated

on solar power. Accordingly necessary input power requirement should be

considered.

ii. In water quality affected habita ons / villages, exis ng water supply T
E

sources can be rejuvenated and / or augmentated with the use of solar C

H

energy based pumping system along with an appropriate water treatment N

unit. I
C

iii. The distribu on of treated water can be planned at treatment unit loca on A

L

where the popula on is less than 100 souls and if popula on is greater

than 100 souls then suitable number of standposts can be provided. Each F
R

stand post can serve the cluster of popula on to the extent of 50 to 60 A
M
persons approximately.
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Technical Framework on Planning of
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12. STORAGE

Storage capacity of the tank should be fixed as under

a. Storage should func on as backup for non sunshine period i.e. dusk to

dawn.

b. 50% of first 10 year Water demand

c. Provision should be considered in the storage capacity for cloudy days if
M/s WatsanCAD Solution,Bhopal
needed i.e. 2 days @ 12 LPCD (for drinking & cooking purpose only).

c. Provide prefabricated storage tank of the required capacity subject to its

commerical availability. For the higher capacity design storage, smaller

storage units can be provided in series.

d. Material of tank should be HDPE in conjunc on with IS specifica ons

e. Tank staging should be of prefabricated structure.

f Minimum staging should be kept as 6m

g. Staging should be design in considera on with dead, live, wind load, seismic

load and soil bearing capacity of the installa on loca on of the tank.

h. An appropriate chlorina on system should be provided, may be pot type

cholrina on system for disinfec on purpose.

i. Provision of water level indicator should be considered

j. Panel control room should be provided below the over head tank of

prefabricated structure.

k. Preferably tank should be located on higher al tude if possible.

l. Appropriate off take arrangements shall be provided during cloudy period

condi ons. T

E

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13. WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM H
N
i Water distribu on system should be designed with the peak factor as 4. I
C
ii. Residual pressure should be kept as 4.5 m minimum at ferrule point. A

iii. HDPE Grade 100 pipe should be used. L

iv. Pressure ra ng of pipe should be decided in considera on with posi ve F
R
opera ng head & water hammer but it should not be less than working A

Pressure of 6kg/cm2 (PN6). M
E
v. Diameter of pipe should be as per design but should not be less than 63 W
O
mm OD. R

vi. House service connec ons should be provided at each household level. K

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Technical Framework on Planning of
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14. DEDICATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM SOLAR ENERGY BASED DUAL

PUMPING SYSTEM SCHOOLS / AGANWADI’S

i. Present number of students / workers.

ii. Expected growth in next 10 years i.e. @50%

Note : For locaƟon specific can be assessed considering the future needs

iii. Water requirement should be considered @ 15 LPCD only
M/s WatsanCAD Solution,Bhopal
iv. Provisioning of standalone solar energy based pumping system should be

considered.

v. Storage should be limited to 50% of water demand plus minimum water

needs for the cloudy period i.e. 2 days subject to commercial availability.

vi. Staging of the storage should be kept as 3 m.

vii. Preferably tank should be placed on the roof the school / aganwadi

building.

viii. If possible panel array should be installed on the roof of school/ aganwadi

building.

ix. For school / aganwadi water supply systems pumping main diameter can

be limited to 40 mm

x For the water distribu on two way stand post should be provided with

limited diameter of 32 mm of with appropriate drainage system near the

storage tank.

Note : Based on the specific needs of the PHC / Tribal Hostels solar energy based dedicated

water supply schemes can be planned in conjunc on with above planning

guidelines. T
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15. REMOTE MONITORING H
N

Provision of remote monitoring of the installed pumps must be made. It should be I
C

possible to ascertain the daily water output, the power generated by the PV array, A
the UP me of the pump during the year, Number of days the pump was unused L

or under breakdowns/repairs. F
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Technical Framework on Planning of
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16. FENCING

Proper chain link fencing should be provided around the solar panel array for its
safety of the system.

17. SOURCE SUSTAINABILITY

Suitable ground water recharge structures should be provided to ensure source
M/s WatsanCAD Solution,Bhopal
security & sustainability as per needs of the site specific loca on in considera on

with geological forma ons.

Note :

1. All the components of the solar energy based piped water supply schemes

shall be planned and executed / installed in accordance with the respec ve

laid down specifica ons / norms / guidelines published by Bureau of Indian

Standards (BIS) / IEC / Ministry of New & Renewable Energy / Ministry of

Drinking Water Supply and Sanita on updated from me to me.

2. For sustainability of system it is mandatory to have onsite quality control

& monitoring in accordance with the specifica ons / norms / guidelines

published by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) / IEC / Ministry of New &

Renewable Energy / Ministry of Drinking Water Supply and Sanita on

updated from me to me.

3. These guidelines can be considered for small urban / rural towns.

4. These are basic and indica ve guidelines may vary as per needs of the site

specific requirements and state specific policies.

T

18. FINANCES E

1. Development of component wise cost es mates C
H
N

2. Project Financing Pa ern I
C

3. Annual Opera on & Maintenance es mate A
4. Cost of Produc on of Water L

Note : Whole system is required to be warranted for 5 years and accordingly for F
R

1st five years provision of annual maintenance contract should be done. Also A

M

provision should be done for extended warrantee and AMC for next five years. E

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Technical Framework on Planning of
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REFERENCES

1. Na onal Rural Drinking Water Programme published by Ministry of Drinking
Water Supply & Sanita on in the year 2013
2. Minimal Technical Specifica ons JNNSM for Solar Photo voltaic Water
Pumping System ( 2015 - 16) published by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy,
New Delhi in the year 2015.
3. Manual for prepara on of detailed project report for rural piped water
supply schemes published by Ministry of Drinking Water Supply & Sanita on, New
Delhi in the year 2013.
4. Training Manual on Solar PV Pumping System published by Alterna ve
Energy Promo on Centre (AEPC), Nepal - Authors : Prof. Dr. Jagan Nath Srestha, Dr
Ajay Kumar Jha, Er. Rajendra Karki
5. Review of solar photovoltaic water pumping system technology for
irriga on and community drinking water supplies. - Authors : Shri. S.S. Chandel,
Shri. M Nagaraju Naik, Shri. Rahul Chandel
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Technical Framework on Planning of
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© All rights Reserved.
No part of this publica on can be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmi ed

in any form or by any means Electronic, Mechanical, Photocopying, Recording or
otherwise without obtaining the wri en permission from

M/s WatsanCAD SoluƟon

68, Amrapali Enclave, First Floor, Chunnabha , Kolar Road, Bhopal - 462016
Ph : +91-755-242 8383, Mobile : +91-78699-69696
E-mail : watsancad.solu [email protected]

Ist Edi on - June 2017

Technical Framework on Planning of
Solar Energy Based Dual Pumping Water System
for Rural Drinking Piped Water Supply Scheme

© All rights Reserved.
No part of this publica on can be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmi ed

in any form or by any means Electronic, Mechanical, Photocopying, Recording or
otherwise without obtaining the wri en permission from

M/s WatsanCAD SoluƟon

68, Amrapali Enclave, First Floor, Chunnabha , Kolar Road, Bhopal - 462016
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Ist Edi on - June 2017