PITMAN’S SHORTHAND II DPK20062 ARIFFUDDIN BIN HUSOF POLITEKNIK MERSING SITI MAZIRA BINTI SHIKH MAHSIN POLISAS
Politeknik Mersing Jln Felda Nitar Timur, 86800 Mersing, JOHOR Copyright ©2023 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, write to the publisher, addressed “Attention: Permission Coordinator,” at the address below. Politeknik Mersing Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Jalan Nitar, Semambu, 86800 Mersing 25350 Kuantan, Johor Darul Ta’zim Pahang Darul Makmur Telephone : Telephone : 07-798 0001 09-565 5300 Fax : Website: 07-798 0002 www.polisas.edu.my Website: www.pmj.mypolycc.edu.my Printed in Malaysia First Printing, 2023 ISBN : 978-967-2904-55-7 Writer: SITI MAZIRA BINTI SHIKH MAHSIN (POLISAS) ARIFFUDDIN HUSOF (PMJ) Graphic: ARIFFUDDIN HUSOF
Pi t man ’ s Short hand
PREFACE Pitman 2000 Shorthand is a modified open-ended version of Pitman’s Shorthand as it has been known and practiced over the past fifty-nine years in its New Era form. Pitman 2000 Shorthand has been deliberately devised with a light memory load to ensure easy mastery of the rules and accurate transcription with a reduction in learning time. This DPK20062 Pitman's Shorthand II Book is designed for easy learning and to meet the demands of students in secretarial science at Polytechnic Malaysia. The practical exercises should take place daily with drilling, reading, and typewritten Transcription. The writer's wishes to express his appreciation to Puan Salimah binti Lemin, Puan Nor Azura binti Ismail, Puan Wan Noor Aiza bin Wan Azzam, Fatin Salwa binti Mat Yusof who help throughout the making of this book. With this opportunity, I would like to express my wishes to all the students who are using this book to work through each practical exercise thoroughly and conscientiously. Writer's, Siti Mazira binti Shikh Mahsin Ariffuddin bin Husof
CONTENTS STUDY PLAN ........................................................................................................................ THE CONSONANTS ............................................................................................................. THE VOWELS ....................................................................................................................... UNIT 1 STROKE F AND V R HOOK AND L HOOK TO STRAIGHT STROKE ................................ Introduction ...................................................................................................... Strokes F .......................................................................................................... Strokes V .......................................................................................................... R Hook to Straight Strokes ............................................................................... L Hook to Straight Strokes ............................................................................... Circle S & ST to R Hook ................................................................................... Circle S & ST to L Hook ................................................................................... Short Forms ..................................................................................................... Phrases ............................................................................................................ Intersection ...................................................................................................... Exercise 1.1 ..................................................................................................... Exercise 1.2 ..................................................................................................... Exercise 1.3 ..................................................................................................... Exercise 1.4 ..................................................................................................... UNIT 2 R HOOK & L HOOK TO CURVED STROKES ............................................................................................ R Hook to Curved Strokes ............................................................................... Circle S + R Hook to Curved Strokes ............................................................... Reversed FR, VR, THR, & ThR ........................................................................ L Hook to Curved Strokes ................................................................................ Short Forms ..................................................................................................... Phrases ............................................................................................................ Intersection ...................................................................................................... Exercise 2.1 ..................................................................................................... Exercise 2.2 ..................................................................................................... UNIT 3 STROKE F AND V F AND V HOOK ...................................................................................... F/V Hook to Straight Strokes ............................................................................ Short Forms ..................................................................................................... Phrases ........................................................................................................... Intersection ....................................................................................................... Exercise 3.1 ..................................................................................................... Exercise 3.2 ..................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 13 19 23 25 25 26 27 29 29 31 32 33 34 34 35 36 36 38 68 40 41 44 45 47 49 50 51
CONTENTS UNIT 4 STROKES N AND HOOK N: SHUN HOOK ........................................................................... Strokes N ......................................................................................................... Hook N to Curve Strokes ................................................................................. Hook N to Straight Strokes .............................................................................. SHUN Hook ..................................................................................................... SHUN Hook Inside Curves ............................................................................... SHUN Hook to Straight Strokes ....................................................................... SHUN Following Circle S or the NS Circle ....................................................... Short Forms ..................................................................................................... Intersection ............................................................................................................ Phrases ............................................................................................................. Exercise 4.1 ..................................................................................................... Exercise 4.2 ..................................................................................................... UNIT 5 CON, COM, CUM, COG ........................................................................................................ CON, COM, CUM, COG .................................................................................. Dot COM and COM .......................................................................................... Short Forms ..................................................................................................... Phrases ............................................................................................................ Exercise 5.1 ..................................................................................................... Exercise 5.2 ..................................................................................................... UNIT 6 WORDS ENDINGS ................................................................................................................ Words Endings ................................................................................................. Suffix -MENT .................................................................................................... Suffix -LY .......................................................................................................... Suffix -ALLY ...................................................................................................... Suffix -SHIP ...................................................................................................... Figures ............................................................................................................. Short Forms ..................................................................................................... Phrases ............................................................................................................ Intersection ...................................................................................................... Exercise 6.1 ..................................................................................................... Exercise 6.2 ..................................................................................................... Exercise 6.3 ..................................................................................................... Exercise 6.4 ..................................................................................................... THE SHORT FORMS ............................................................................................................ THE INTERSECTION ............................................................................................................ REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 52 53 55 56 58 58 59 61 62 63 64 66 68 70 71 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 77 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 83 84 85 86 89 91
STUDY PLAN The activities described should take place daily: 1. DRILLING Drill each theory example until mastered. This repetitive writing ofr an outline assists in mastering. Keep in mid the aim of drilling and never allow it to become dull. It is important to build up a vocabulary of frequently used outlines. Drilling is the writing of an outline many times until you are confident that whenever you hear that outline again in dictation, you will never have any hesitancy in writing. The first time you write an outline write it carefully, and get the feel of it, but at each repitition write faster and faster. As you write say the word(s) to yourself. This is your own personal dictation system and is invaluable and keeps the drilling meaningful. 2. READING Read each passage several times and aim to read the oulines as quickly as if the passage was typescript. The aim of this reading is to develop a rapid reading skill. This can only come through instant regcognition of each outline. This skill transfers to the writing skill. Rapid reading develops rapid writing. Rapid-read each Dictation Passage either by way of pre-dictation preparation, or as a remedial procedure in between each dictation. Reading is an easy way to develop your shorthans skill; push your reading speed of shorthand as high as your ordinary reading speed. 3. DICTATION Each progress check and dictation passage must be taken from live or recorded dictation. To be of any value the dictation must be repeated at least three times. This repetition is one of the key factors in skill building. After each dictation some form of remedial work must take place before repeating the dictation. Read back your notes. Check outlines and encircle errors; drill each correction and any outlines which caused hesitancy. Rapid-read the shorthand passage. Then take the repeat dictation. This remedial work takes place in between each dictation. The correction of errors allows progress to take place. 1
L R F / V SH / ZH M N / NG Th / T P / B T / D CH / J R K / G THE CONSONANTS S / Z P B T D CH J K G R F V Th TH S Z SH ZH R M N NG L W Y H Straight Downstrokes Straight Horizontal Strokes Curved Downstrokes Curved Horizontal Strokes Specially Formed Upstrokes Straight Upstroke Curved Upstroke 2
3 THE VOWELS ah (pa, ba, da, ta) ay (pay, bay, day) ee (pea, tea, bee) 1st Place 2nd Place 3rd Place HEAVY DOT VOWEL ae (add, bag, catch) eh (edge, jet, check) ih (big, pick, dig) 1st Place 2nd Place 3rd Place LIGHT DOT VOWEL aw (jaw, paw, bought) o (oat, tow, boat) uu (chew, boot, ooze) 1st Place 2nd Place 3rd Place HEAVY DASH VOWEL o (odd, top, job) u (us, up, much) oo (book, took, look) 1st Place 2nd Place 3rd Place LIGHT DASH VOWEL DIPHTHONGS/TRIPHONES 1st Place i oi i+oi oi+i DIPHTHONGS/TRIPHONE 3rd Place ow u u+vowel
UNIT 1 STROKE F AND V R HOOK AND L HOOK TO STRAIGHT STROKE
5 UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO SHORTHAND RULE SHORTHAND IS WRITTEN ACCORDING TO SOUND AND NOT ACCORDING TO LONGHAND SPELLING Shorthand is written according to sound either it is phonetic. For example, the shorthand symbols for the words draught and draft are exactly the same because the words are sounded the same. Words are made up of consonants and vowels. Consonants examples are represented by strokes and are written thin or thick. Thin strokes represent light sounds and thick strokes heavy sounds. Vowels are represented by light or heavy dots and dashes; light for light sounds and heavy for heavy sounds. The formation of strokes and vowels which represents a word is called an outline. MATERIAL USE FOR THIS COURSE What Are the Best Shorthand Pencils and Notepads Shorthand Pencils If you are learning shorthand, you’ll need to buy shorthand pencils. It’s important that you have the best pencils for shorthand, which are not standard writing pencils. On the face of it, it’s just a notepad and a pen/pencil, but these are the tools of the experts and proper shorthand pencils will make you take down shorthand faster. If you are about to start a shorthand class or are teaching yourself shorthand, then it’s important that you start off with the correct notepad and pencils - and that you understand why. Using the wrong type could lead to failure, without you understanding why you’re struggling. The best pencils for shorthand are the ones that enable you to write more smoothly, faster, and more confidently, which means understanding what makes a good pencil for shorthand and why another might not be so good.
The Best Shorthand Pencils You will eventually need to use proper shorthand pencils. If you are writing shorthand, then the lead in the pencil needs to give you the confidence that it won’t break, it won’t need sharpening too often and yet it’s sufficiently soft that you can write and transcribe the difference between what are called “thick” and “thin” outlines. Shorthand is based on sound and, for example, the sounds “t” and “d” can be paired and so use the same outline, but with the “t” being a thin line and the “d” being a thick line. Shorthand is written using a combination of thick and thin lines; you must tell later which you wrote! A pencil that blunts too quickly will cause you problems as suddenly everything looks like a thick line! You can also lose the detailing when you are forming curves and loops. Shorthand Notepads Nobody will stop speaking while you take time out to turn a page - and that’s why it’s important that you start with the best shorthand notepads. A proper shorthand notepad is a spiral-bound, lined, notepad. You can pick these up cheaply enough, but I’d recommend you buy a pack of these as one won’t be enough. It’s surprising how fast you can whip through the pages once you’re dictating. I used to buy enough shorthand notebooks to last me at least a whole term when I started learning. It’s important that the pages move smoothly over the spirals, so before you start writing, just make sure the spiral’s positioned so that you can quickly flip the current sheet over and start writing on the next sheet without pausing. You will need lined pads because shorthand transcription relies not only on the outline shape, but also its positioning - whether it’s above, through, or on the line. Lined pads also ensure your shorthand is written in an orderly fashion, meaning that transcription is fast and accurate. 6 UNIT 1
7 UNIT 1 STROKES F AND V INTRODUCTION The sound of F and V are represented by curved downstrokes. F STROKE F is a downward curved thin stroke ................ as in .............. face. F (Thin) V (Thick) if fee office fast fact
UNIT 1 8 V STROKE V is a downward curved thick stroke ................ as in ............................ vague. five via voice vast vote
UNIT 1 R HOOK & L HOOK TO STRAIGHT STROKES INTRODUCTION There are two ways of representing sound R and L. First, by stroke and second by hook. In this chapter, students will learn the application of hook R to straight stroke and hook L to straight stroke. A very common form of syllable in English is that in which aR/eR is joined with another consonant to make one sound. R HOOK TO STRAIGHT STROKES Write the small tight hook at the beginning of straight strokes, the hook is written on the left side (Clockwise) of downstrokes and on the underside (Clockwise) of horizontals strokes. pr 9 pr/br tr/dr chr/jr kr/gr
UNIT 1 WRITE THE HOOK A. R hook to straight strokes can be at the beginning when a consonant and R are sounded together with no vowel between, indicating the absence of a vowel and producing a briefer outline. 10 PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: praise preach prepaid pressing presume price pray address break try Hook R brought drop accross
PRACTICE UNIT 1 11 Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: pride prime break great grow trick WRITE THE HOOK B. R hook to straight strokes also can be in the middle of and outline. surprise programme major PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: patriotic matrix mattress progress retrace retrench
UNIT 1 PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: 12 WRITE THE HOOK C. When the syllable containing the R is unstressed (syllabically). In words of more than one syllable each syllable is either stressed or unstressed, according to the correct pronunctiation; most dictionaries show which syllabkes are stressed; it is enough that you are appreciate the reason for the rule and simply write the correct outline through adequate practice. Note: When the syllable containing R is unstressed the abbreviating R hook is used, and when the syllable is stressed the stroke R is written. The correct application of these rules produces accurate notes capable of rapid, accurate transcription. water paper maker figure remember perform December correct actor better
UNIT 1 13 pl pl/bl tl/dl chl/jl kl/gl L HOOK TO STRAIGHT STROKES Write a small hook at the beginning of a downstroke and horizontals with anti-clockwise at the beginning of straight strokes. Written on the same side as circle S and it will adds the sound of L
UNIT 1 14 WRITE THE HOOK A. L hook to straight strokes can be at the beginning when a consonant and L are sounded together with no vowel between. PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: place plaid cloud climb cloth black please class plates blanket claim clock
UNIT 1 15 PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: bless blue plenty claim bleach block WRITE THE HOOK B. L hook to straight strokes can be in the middle of an outline. employ sample reply local
UNIT 1 16 PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: diploma enclosing unplug replace witling cutlery WRITE THE HOOK C. L hook to straight strokes can also used syllabically label available enable valuable
17 UNIT 1 PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: capable cable table people mumble labels WRITE THE HOOK L hook to straight strokes can also used when outlines for words end with the sound of TL or DL, unstressed but spelt. metal vital rental model
UNIT 1 18 PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: battle middle tidal medal mental instrumental sandal total digital portal fatal pedal
19 UNIT 1 CIRLCE S & ST TO R HOOK For words beginning with sound SPR-, STR-, or SKR-, write a complete circle in the same direction as hook R: spr/sbr str/sdr schr/sjr skr/sgr spr
UNIT 1 WRITE THE HOOK A. Write the circle ‘s’ to ‘R’ hook for words begin with sound skr-, str-, spr. spray stress scrape stray PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: scrum screw scrub strap straw struck 20
UNIT 1 21 WRITE THE HOOK B. When the sound SKR- or SGR follows D, P or B the hook and circle are written. describe disagree disgrace disgruntle discriminate prescribe PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: WRITE THE HOOK C. When a word begins with either S-vowel or ST-vowel followed by a straight stroke hooked R, the circle S or ST loop is written on the same side of the stroke as the hook R. supper soccer
PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: UNIT 1 22 super suppress supreme superb WRITE THE HOOK D. When circle S precedes hook R in the middle of an outlines, the circle is written in the same direction as the hook R, with both the hook and the circle shown. extra destroy extreme express
UNIT 1 23 CIRLCE S & ST TO L HOOK The sound of S is added to the hook L, by writing the circle S inside the hook at the beginning or in the middle of an outline. s+pl spl/sbl stl/sdl schl/sjl skl/sgl
UNIT 1 24 WRITE THE HOOK The sound of S is added to the hook L by writing the circle S inside the hook, at the beginning or in the middle of an outline. settle subtle display explore splash splice splay settler exclaimed displays PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following:
UNIT 1 25 SHORT FORMS dear pa frompa befor pa e mor pae their/ther pa e commercial pa ver pay larger pa PHRASES yours faithfull pa y of course pa free of charge pa very satisfactor pa y dear sir pa very much pa there is pa there ar pa e there may be pa I gather pa
26 UNIT 1 PHRASES Abreviated diphthong ___, ___ before a hooked stroke: INTERSECTION I trust pa I agree pa corporation pa corporatio pa n large pa large corporatio pa n large corporatio pa n + =
27 UNIT 1 EXERCISE 1.1 price across December grow paper correct drop major water break remember banker surprise maker labour great petrol progress play blanket claim class glare glut clock clerk employ labels cable sampled local circles metal model middle battle stray spray spreads strip
28 stress scrape express extreme destroy sticker soccer disagree describe extra disgrace strike strong strength saddle satchel settle passable possible explore exclaimed display subtle UNIT 1
29 UNIT 1 EXERCISE 1.2 EXERCISE 1.3 Transcribe this passage. 1. Be pleasant to all our customers and our sales results will be on budget. 2. We sell lots of copies, sources and plates but the glassing on those that came in yesterday is not perfect.
30 UNIT 1 3. The smaller race warm planet earth. 4. Thank you for telling the class that the glaring earth in the notes will be erased. 5. The cattle were all sold at the local market
31 UNIT 1 EXERCISE 1.4 Drill this sentences with the correct outlines. Submit the answer. 1. Try to remember to save paper. Manufacturer’s prices are always rising. 2. Who will be placing games for the club this month? 3. You may disagree on the figures were fight at the time of going to press. 4. You will be praying for the tables with your cheque. Pay the total sum and settle your debt. 5. The making of the tables will be up to the local manufacture. 6. The cattle were all sold at the local market. 7. We manufacture metal cattle’s and racks for local shops and export to customers.
UNIT 2 R HOOK & L HOOK TO CURVED STROKES
UNIT 2 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, students will learn the application of hook R and hook L to curved stroke. RULES A. Write a small hook at the beginning of curved strokes. Write the hook first, then the stroke. C. Use the hook within an unstressed syllable B. Write the hook and inside the curve when a consonant and R are sounded together with no vowel between F+R hook pa SH+R hook pa M+R hook pa R HOOK TO CURVED STROKES free fr + ee Fr + ai + d + ay Friday fr + eh + sh shr + ih + ng + k fresh shrink oh + fr eh + nr + j + ih offer energy 33
UNIT 2 fr + g + oh + t r + uu + mr + s forgot rumours CIRCLE S + R HOOK TO CURVED STROKES Circle S is written inside hook R attached to curved strokes S+F+R hook pa S+M+R hook pa S+N+R hook pa sever summer safer sooner 34 REVERSED FR, VR, THR & THR Hooked strokes FR, VR, ThR, THR are reversed after horizontal and upstrokes to make an easier joining. wafer recover gather silver
UNIT 2 L HOOK TO CURVED STROKES A. A large hook at the beginning of a curved stroke adds the sound of L. It is used consonantly and syllabically at the beginning and in the middle of an outline. Circle S maybe added F+L pahook N+L pahook fly final civil Circle S B. A final vowel may be added to the hooked curve; this is an essential vowel and must always be written C. Hooked curved strokes FL, VL are reversed when immediately following an upstroke or a horizontal finally officialy reflex level rivals removal 35
SHORT FORMS acknowledge pa largel pa y yoursel pa f subject pa also pa will pa influential pa thankful pa enlarge pa knowledge pa UNIT 2 PHRASES L Hook is attached to strokes T and B to add all and to stroke N for only: at al p l at all costs pa by al pa l by all means pa i have only if onl pa y it will onl pa y I have onl pa y 36
UNIT 2 Phrases using L: Only the first half of the I diphthong is used before upward L: I will pa i have onl I will b pa e y Yours Sincerel pa y i have only as early as possible pa it will b pa e you will b pa e PHRASES Other Phrases 37 it is possibl pa e as soon as pa as soon as possibl pa e as soon as we can pa i have only united states pa pa united states of america this subject pa first class pa
UNIT 2 EXERCISE 2.1 INTERSECTION Add stroke L to the intersection for company to give company limited company pa limite pa d company limite pa d pa free Friday fresh throw shrink fruit offer pressure measure every over forget forgot advertise leisure either average energy summer sever 38
UNIT 2 39 suffer safer simmer sooner cover wafer recover rather silver delivery weather discover gather recovery however university fly flow travel arrival initial partial animal facial flower approval retrieval civil flannel panel final finally official officially reflect level rivals removal novel marvelous
UNIT 2 40 EXERCISE 2.2 Transcribe this passage. 1. People who are full of energy have no leisure to trouble about petty things. 2. We shall advertise the list of books about leisure in many different magazines. 3. It is a pleasure to speak to such a distinguished audios but I shall not forget why we are here today.
UNIT 3 STROKE F AND V F AND V HOOK
UNIT 3 STROKES F AND V The next two of consonants are curves,and they are written downward. They maybe joined to each other or to other consonants, in the same way as the straight letters are joined The sounds of F and V are represented by strokes and also by an abbreviating hook. The F and V hooks are used at the end of an outlines, and are frequently used in the middle to give a briefer and faster outline. F = Thin Curved Downstroke V = Thick Curved Downstroke Written Downward F + T F STROKE F is a downward curved thin stroke ................ as in .............. face. if fee office fast fact 42
UNIT 3 V STROKE V is a downward curved thick stroke ................ as in ............................ vague. five via voice vast vote fame few move voice view via 43 PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: