UNIT 3 F/V HOOK TO STRAIGHT STROKES Hook is anti-clockwise at the end of straight stokes. NO F/V hook to curves p/b + f/v hook t/d + f/v hook ch/j + f/v hook k/g + f/v hook upward stroke + f/v hook p/b + f/v hook A. F/V is the final sound. Indicate no vowel follows: wave give wave give hook V Stroke W Stroke G hook V 44
UNIT 3 B. Circle S maybe added: C. F and V in the middle of an outline: wave give profit activity 45 SHORT FORMS paI pa pa pa pa pa pa you how for have difficult difficulty several largest would thank
UNIT 3 I you how for have difficult PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: 46 PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: difficulty would thank several largest
UNIT 3 PHRASES A. Only the first half of the short form ........... , ............ is used before K, G, and M 47 I came I go I may I am B. The short form ................ have joins easily to form useful phrases: I have pa we have pa they have pa may have pa
UNIT 3 C. Have is also represented by the hook: it is possible in a phrase to omit a word and still have an outline which can be transcribed without any problem: you have pa which have pa who have pa those who have pa ought to have 48 D. The hook also represents the word of and off: copy ofa set of state of out of copy ofa to take off set off
UNIT 3 E. The outline ................. much forms usefull phrases: 49 so much too much how much as much as INTERSECTION this form take form this form some form take form form this form this form + =
UNIT 3 50 EXERCISE 3.1 above rough wife forgive active tough positive effective give positives serves gives profits provide divide defeat activity privacy
UNIT 3 51 EXERCISE 3.2 Transcribe this passage. 1. It will serve in good purpose and we shall achieve nothing by giving all the details of the extend to the relatives of Mrs. Brown today. 2. I advise you to refuse to be rushed because the revises of the proves must be checked with clear. 3. It is definitely of your advantage to void the traffic on Friday when most people are involved in late night shopping. 4. I will set out bravely the reasons for my approval of the plans. 5. We have to be objective in our approach to all activity within this company.
UNIT 4 STROKES N AND HOOK N: SHUN HOOK
STROKES N AND HOOK N: SHUN HOOK In this chapter, students will learn the application of stroke N, N Hook and Shun hook. There are two ways of representing the sound N, the stroke N and the hook N. Once again it will be found that the indication of vowels is the main reason for using one instead of the other. The hook is only used when N is the last sound in a word. STROKES N Stroke N is thin and shallow, a scooped-out curve: A. Always use the stroke N when N-Vowel ends a word, to indicate a final vowel: UNIT 4 N N no/know near many Stroke N Vowel many funny 53
B. Always use the stroke N for the light sound NS, to distinguish from the heavier sound of NZ which NZ is represented by the hook C. Always use the stroke N when a vowel or diphthong occurs between N and S/Z, to enable the vowel to be placed as a transcription aid: D. Always use the stroke N after a medial circle for a much easier joining: UNIT 4 announce occurance reference insurance Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: bonus minus sickness venues dozen resign basin design 54
HOOK N TO CURVE STROKES Hook N is written at the end of a stroke, inside curves ............. fine. A. When N is the final sound in a word UNIT 4 fine man as much as often even mine woman line shine Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: 55
HOOK N TO STRAIGHT STROKES Hook N is written at the end of a stroke on the non-circle S side (clockwise) to straight strokes. A. When N is the final sound in a word. Hook N is written clockwise to straight stroke: B. For the sound NZ, the circle S is reduced in size and written inside the hook: UNIT 4 means fines Circle S added to Hook town pen can open been 56
UNIT 4 57 B. For the sound NS or NZ, the circle S is added to the hook N by closing the hook: C. SES circle, ST and STER loops are added to straight strokes hooked for N by writing the circle or loop on the hook N side: pens cans expenses against Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: Note : Hook R and Hook N are written on the same side of straight strokes: bounces spinster green brown train grown drawn
UNIT 4 58 Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: SHUN HOOK The sound SHUN is spelt in various ways, but in Pitman Shorthand only two main methods of representing this sound are used, a large and a small hook. SHUN HOOK INSIDE CURVES A. The Large SHUN Hook may be written in the middle or at the end of an outline. Circle S may be added Large Shun Hook Small Shun Hook attention nation attentions nations inflation extention fashion caption
UNIT 4 B. A third place dot vowel is written inside the hook. Other third place vowels signs place outside the SHUN hook: C. The sound of –ble after SHUN is represented by ............... joined to the SHUN hook, or disjoined ............. is written close to the hook: television division solution abbreviation fashionable pensionable mentionable SHUN HOOK TO STRAIGHT STROKES A. A large SHUN Hook at the end of astraight stroke is written on the opposite side to an initial attachment , to balance the outline and keep the stroke straight station collection 59
UNIT 4 B. A large SHUN hook at the end of a straight stroke is written away from the curve F, V, L followed by K or G, balance the outline: C. A large SHUN hook at the end of a straight stroke is written on the opposite side to the last vowel: section exception discussion seperation sections collections Drill the shorthand outlines for the following: 60 fiction location occasion portion
UNIT 4 D. A large SHUN hook at the end of a straight stroke is written on the right-hand side of simple T, D, J (without attachments) to keep the forward writing motion: E. A large SHUN hook at the end of a straight stroke is written on the same side as an initial hook or circle in some derivatives: B. Circle S maybe added by writing tiny circle inside the hook: C. When the sound of S/Z followed by L, a disjoined upward L is written close: rotation addition stationery exeptional SHUN FOLLOWING CIRCLE S OR THE NS CIRCLE A. When SHUN follows circle S or the NS circle it is represented by a small hook written on the side of the stroke opposite to the circle S: position desicion positions desicion transitional sensational 61
UNIT 4 SHORT FORMS in/any pa pa pa pa pa pa pa influence January thing something anything manufacture nevertheless manufacturer anyone resposible/ notwithstanding responsibility 62 in/any influence January thing something anything PRACTICE Drill the shorthand outlines for the following:
UNIT 4 anyone nevertheless notwithstanding responsible/ manufactur responsibility e manufacturer INTERSECTION enquire enquiry inquire inquiry enquiry/inquiry your your enquiry/inquiry + = your enquiry/inquiry several enquiries/inquiries we shall enquire 63
UNIT 4 PHRASES The N hook is used to represent the words been, than and own: I have been already been I had been there has been it has been better than 64 more than rather than bigger than larger than your own their own our own
UNIT 4 The word once __________ is abbreviated in phrases The word next ______________ is abbreviated in phrases at once once again next few days next week next month 65
EXERCISE 4.1 UNIT 4 no own owner near inform next number November enough manager many funny announce reference bonus minus design dozen man alone mean even than mine fine opinion been know machine noon fines means machines examines lines lens tin win join can 66
UNIT 4 been one plan begin London tins wins joins once prince expenses attention nations extansion fashion mentioned relations examination explanation division fashionable mentionable operation education occasion action addition quotation magician rotation tradition logician situation seperation sections collection exeption discussion exhibition station 67
UNIT 4 stationery qualification selection fiction vacation location position positions opposition decision taxation physician musician organization association requisition association recession EXERCISE 4.2 Transcribe this passage. 1. I am arranging for Mr. Evans’s documents to be transferred to your Sales office within the next four days. Several small amounts of money are involved and Mr. Evens should soon have sufficient funds to allow payment to be made according is agreement with you. 68
UNIT 4 2. It is not always easy to see the funny side to life but some is vital to our health and happiness. 3.A current account is an account into which payments are made and on which checks are drawn. 69
UNIT 5 CON, COM, CUM, COG
UNIT 5 CON, COM, CUM, COG The sounds CON and COM are introduced at the beginning of a word that is represented by a dot written immediately before the beginning of the first stroke in the outline, short forms and phrases. This topic will expose student to take the dictation and transcribe outlines with 96% accuracy. DOT CON AND COM a. A light dot written at the beginning of a stroke adds the sound of: The first vowel sound after con-, com-, cum-, cog-, determines the position of the outline. CON COM CUM COG Dot before stroke Stroke committee Comm ih t 71 committee control company concern confirm contact contract continue
UNIT 5 B. When CON- COM- CUM- COG- Occur in the middle of a word or phrase indicate the sound by writing two strokes close to each other and omitting the vowel uncommon recognize discontinue circumstances I am confident I will consider SHORT FORMS 72 anybody anyhow nothing wihtout conference consider
UNIT 5 This phrasing principle of indicating COM/CON by writing two strokes/signs close together is not used after a downward short form or the short forms ____ the or ____ a: on committees to commit to complete all concerned the committee a committee 73 PHRASES income tax in control by contrast would be consider
EXERCISE 5.1 UNIT 5 common community company conference confirm contain concern complete control continue discontinue reconsider recognize uncommon self-control recommend I will consider will discontinue 74
EXERCISE 5.2 Transcribe this passage UNIT 5 75
UNIT 6 WORDS ENDINGS
UNIT 6 WORD ENDINGS The suffix –MENT, which is after upstrokes and after stroke N. The suffix –LY is represented by upward L, and the third-place I vowel. The suffix –SHIP is represented by a joined or disjoined stroke SH. The figures written as shorthand outlines are form 1-10 except 0 and 8 and short forms in this unit. This topic will expose student to take the dictation and transcribe outline with 96% accuracy.. SUFFIX -MENT A. –MENT is written ………… When it is not easy, or possible to join ………… to the end of outline, half-length N is used. :............. is used instead: B. When the root word has a final hook N the hook is retained when –MENT follows, and this is represented by ………. or ……….: experiment adjustment department announcement assignment adjournment environment postponement 77
UNIT 6 SUFFIX -LY A. The suffix –LY is represented by upward L and the third place i vowel.. : B. When the root word ends with stroke L or hook L, add the vowel. This is an essential vowel: LY 3rd Place ih upward L 78 deeply mainly daily lively lately happily legally totally locally physically actually wholly
UNIT 6 SUFFIX -ALLY In words of more than one syllable the suffix – ALLY is represented by hook L and the third place I vowel is inserted : SUFFIX -SHIP Add a joined stroke SH. When it is not possible to join the stroke, write it very close to the root outlines: basically specifically realistically statistically 79 fellowship membership ownership relationship leadership
UNIT 6 FIGURES In continuous matter, with the exception of 0 and 8 write figures 1-10 and round numbers, in shorthand: SHORT FORMS one two three four five six seven nine ten twenty thirty forty acknowledgement enlargement 80
INTERSECTION PHRASING The large SHUN Hook is used to represent the word ocean, and the small hook to represent the word association : Note: When the sound of SHUN in the middle of a word is followed by a vowel and ST, the hook is not used: your attention attention your attention your attention attract attention my attention Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean medical association your association reception receptionist UNIT 6 81 + =
EXERCISE 6.1 UNIT 6 department pavement experiment announcement adjustment monument attainment assignment adjournment deeply cheaply daily lately suddenly quickly locally basically legally felowship ownership relationship membership chairmanship penmanship legal illegal regular irregular 82
EXERCISE 6.2 UNIT 6 83
UNIT 6 EXERCISE 6.3 84
EXERCISE 6.4 Drill the outlines. 1. Railways and roads are at the heart of a countries transport system. Other maintenance and in the case of the railways the services other offer, are a necessary part of the economic stability and growth of the nation. 2. Much can be achieved in a meeting if the jaundies has been planned with care, and if the chairman is firm and fair. The work of the secretary, who is writing the minute, is also helped if the meeting is conducted in an orderly fashion. This applies quickly to the business meeting and to that of the socialized. UNIT 6 85
86 SHORT FORMS
paI you pa how pa fopar have pa difficul pa t difficulty pa several largest would thank SHORT FORMS UNIT 1 SHORT FORMS UNIT 3 SHORT FORMS UNIT 2 dear pa frompa befor pa e mor pae their/ther pa e commercial pa ver pay larger pa subject pa largel pa y yoursel pa f also pa will pa influential pa thankful pa enlarge pa knowledge pa acknowledge pa 87
in/any pa influence pa thinpag something pa anything pa manufactur p e manufacturer nevertheless January pa anyone notwithstanding resposible/ responsibility SHORT FORMS UNIT 4 SHORT FORMS UNIT 5 SHORT FORMS UNIT 6 wihtout anybody anyhow nothing acknowledgement enlargement 88
INTERSECTION
INTERSECTION UNIT 1 INTERSECTION UNIT 2 INTERSECTION UNIT 3 INTERSECTION UNIT 4 INTERSECTION UNIT 6 90 corporatio pa n company limite pa d form enquire enquiry inquire inquiry attention
REFERENCES Isac Pitman, (1913) Course Isaac Pitman Shorthand, Pitman, Parker Street, Kingsway. W.C.2, (1913) Modern Course in Isaac Pitman Shorthand, Siti Mazira Shikh Mahsin, Aizawati Azizi, (2019) Shorthand 1 DPK10012 - Manual Learning on how to drilling, reading and typewritten transcription, C.K. Ogden, Pitman’s English and Shorthand Dictionary, Centenary Edition, Pitman 2000 Shorthand, (1983) Pocket Dictionary, Second Edition, Pearson What Are the Best Shorthand Pencils and Notepads? (https://toughnickel.com/ self-employment/Shorthand-and-Steno-Supplies) 91
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