First Immunotherapy For Early-stage Triple-negative Breast Cancer

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First Immunotherapy For Early-stage
Triple-negative Breast Cancer

On July 27, Merck (MSD) announced that the FDA approved its blockbuster PD-1
antibody therapy Keytruda in combination with chemotherapy, as a neoadjuvant therapy
before surgery, then continued as single agent as an adjuvant therapy after surgery, to
treat high-risk early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. This is the
30th indication that Keytruda has been approved in the United States. The press release
states that the Keytruda combination therapy is the first immunotherapy program
approved for the treatment of patients with high-risk early-stage triple-negative
breast cancer.

It is worth mentioning that Merck also announced that Keytruda combined with
chemotherapy has achieved positive overall survival (OS) results in a phase 3 clinical trial
for the treatment of patients with metastatic TNBC. In patients with metastatic TNBC
whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS>10), the Keytruda chemotherapy combination
provides a statistically significant and clinically significant improvement in overall

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survival compared with chemotherapy.

Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive type of breast cancer characterized by a
higher risk of disease recurrence within the first five years after diagnosis. Because it does
not express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), or human epidermal
growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), patients cannot receive targeted therapy targeting these
receptors, and treatment options are limited.

This approval is based on the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
phase 3 clinical trial of KEYNOTE-522. The trial was conducted in 1174 newly diagnosed
patients with high-risk early-stage TNBC. The results of the trial showed that in previously
untreated stage II or stage III TNBC patients, compared with the same neoadjuvant
chemotherapy regimen alone, Keytruda combined chemotherapy was used before
surgery and continued single agent after surgery can significantly prolong event-free
survival (EFS) and reduce the risk of disease progression by 37% (HR=0.63, [95% CI,
0.48-0.82]; p=0.00031).

In addition, based on the data of KEYNOTE-522, the FDA converted the accelerated
approval of Keytruda combined with chemotherapy to treat locally recurrent unresectable

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or metastatic TNBC patients with tumor expressing PD-L1 (CPS ≥ 10) into full approval.

"Triple negative breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that is difficult to treat," said Dr.
Vicki Goodman, vice president of clinical research at Merck Laboratories. "We are proud
to provide new treatment options for patients facing this challenging cancer. A Keytruda's
neoadjuvant therapy/adjuvant therapy combination is the first immunotherapy program
approved in the high-risk early-stage of TNBC, marking an important milestone in breast
cancer treatment."

Sacituzumab Govitecan (IMMU-132) is an ADC drug approved in 2020 which used to
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References:
[1] FDA Approves KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) for Treatment of Patients With High-Risk Early-Stage
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Combination With Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment, Then
Continued as Single Agent as Adjuvant Treatment After Surgery.
[2] KEYTRUDA Is the First Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Combination With Chemotherapy to Show Statistically
Significant OS for This Patient Population.