SCIENCE YEAR 5 DLP (REVISED 2017)

MIND REFLECTION

1. The functions of the main human skeleton are as follows:

Main skeleton Function

backbone supports the body
skull protects the brain
ribs protect the internal organs
hand and leg bones for support and movement

2. A joint is a place where two or more bones are joined together.
3. The positions of the joints in the human body are as follows:

4. Joints allow movement and flexibility of the body.

5. The main parts in the blood circulatory system and their functions are
as follows:

Main part Function

heart pumps blood to the lungs and to the whole body
blood vessels transport blood throughout the body
blood transports oxygen, nutrients, water, and waste products
lungs
place where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

45

6. Blood circulatory pathway:

• blood rich in oxygen: lungs heart human body
• blood rich in carbon dioxide: human body heart lungs

7. The importance of the human blood circulatory system are:
• to transport oxygen, nutrients, and water throughout the body.
• to transport carbon dioxide and other waste products out of the body.

8. Ways to protect the systems in the human body are as follows:

Skeletal system Blood circulatory system

• consume foods that are rich in calcium. • reduce the consumption of foods

• do physical activities. that are high in fat and sugar.

• wear protective gear and seat belts. • exercise.



Respiratory system Digestive system
• avoid cigarettes. • eat food that are rich in fibre.
• live in a clean environment. • drink enough water.
• clean hands frequently.

MIND TEST

Answer all questions in the Science exercise book.

1. Label the skeletal system below. 2. Sketch the diagram of the human
(a) skeleton. Identify and circle the
positions of joints in the diagram.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

46

3. State the functions of joints in the human skeletal system.

4. The figures below show the three main parts of the human blood circulatory
system.

XY Z

State the functions of X, Y and Z in the system.

5. Complete the concept map of the blood circulatory pathway in humans with
the answers provided below. You may use the answers more than once.

human body lungs blood rich in oxygen

blood rich in carbon dioxide

HEART

47

6. Write the correct answers to show the importance of the blood circulatory
system using the list given below.

nutrients food other waste water
products

(a) Transports oxygen, _____ , and water throughout the body.
(b) Transports carbon dioxide and _____ to be removed from the body.

7. The following pictures show several situations that disrupt the systems in the
human body.

Situation

A. choking on food B. fractured bone C. heart failure
(digestive system)
(skeletal system) (blood circulatory system)

Based on the situations above, explain how the disruptions of the
systems can affect other systems in the human body.

8. The picture below shows a habit that can disrupt the digestive system.
Based on this situation, state another system in the human body that
is also disrupted.

9. State two ways of protecting the systems in the human body to ensure
a healthy life.

48

Un it ANIMALS

Animals need to protect themselves to maintain the survival of their species.
How do animals protect themselves and their species?

49

SURVIVAL OF ANIMAL SPECIES

Do you know that animals have specific characteristics and behaviours to
protect themselves so that their species can survive? Observe the situation
below.

It’s not easy for Wow! You have a really hard
you to attack me shell, Mr Horseshoe Crab!
because I have big
and sharp claws.

This shell is for
my protection.

Based on the situation, how do the crab and ZAKI
horseshoe crab protect themselves to ensure
the survival of their species?

The survival of an animal species is the ability for animals
to maintain their species to avoid extinction.

50

3.1.1

PROTECTION FROM ENEMIES
Specific characteristics of the body of animals can protect them from
their enemies. Observe the situation below.

Fortunately, the
eagle is gone.
We are protected by
our hard shells.

Based on the situation above, how did the tortoise save itself from the eagle?
Are there other animals that have the same characteristics as the tortoise?

51

3.1.2

Let us follow the adventure of Ana, Melia, and Chan.

bee centipede
wasp

Bees, centipedes, and wasps have stings that can release venom to
hurt or kill the enemies. What other animals have similar characteristics?

bedbug beetle cockroach moth

Bedbugs, beetles, and Moths have patterns that
cockroaches produce bad resemble fake eyes on their
smell causing the enemies wings to deceive the enemies.
not to come near them.

The hard scales found on crocodiles crocodile
and arapaima fish can protect them from arapaima fish
injuries. What other specific characteristics
do crocodiles have to protect themselves
from enemy threats?

52

Horses, rabbits, and frogs have
strong leg muscles to move fast so
that they are able to escape from the
enemies. What other animals have
similar characteristics?

frog

horse

rabbit

deer gaur

buffalo Some animals such as
buffaloes, rhinoceros, and
Sharp horns of deers, buffaloes, and elephants have thick and
gaurs are used for self-defence. What hard skin. How do these thick
are other specific characteristics of deers, and hard skin protect them
buffaloes, and gaurs that can be used to from the enemies?
protect them from the enemies?
53
How do the specific
characteristics of the part of an
animal’s body protect it from
the enemies? Explain these
characteristics with examples.

Some animals have specific behaviours to protect themselves from the
enemies. Let us identify what these specific behaviours are.

Porcupines will run into their burrows when they are attacked. If they fail
to escape, porcupines will raise the sharp spines on their bodies to scare
the enemies. The enemies trying to touch porcupines’ bodies will be pierced
with those sharp spines.

SCIENCE INFO

Porcupines’ spines are actually
hard prickly quills that protect
them. They can reach up to
30 000 spines. These spines can
stick on the skin of the enemies
that are trying to catch or touch
the porcupines.

porcupine

When pufferfish feel threatened, they pufferfish
will inflate their bodies that have
sharp spines three times of their size to
scare the enemies. Pufferfish are also
poisonous.

Pufferfish are poisonous and have sharp spines.
However, the pufferfish often become prey. Why?

54

3.1.2

Lizards and octopuses will detach certain parts of their bodies when
they are attacked. This will distract their enemies while they escape.

lizard

octopus

cuttlefish

Cuttlefish and octopuses will spurt out black ink towards their
enemies when they are attacked. After that, these animals will run
away quickly to save themselves.

55

Hmm! Why are you behaving like these?

I withdraw parts of I curl myself up when
my body into the shell I feel threatened.
when I feel threatened.

pangolin I also roll myself up
to protect my head
tortoise when I am feeling
threatened.
We live in groups to millipede
protect ourselves and
reduce the risk of being Like the elephants,
attacked by enemies. we live and move in
groups to ensure our
safety.

elephants ants

How do specific behaviours of
animals protect them from enemies?
Explain with examples.

The specific characteristics on the parts of the body of
animals and their behaviours can protect them from
56 the enemies and ensure the survival of their species.

ZAKI

FUN ACTIVITY DIGITAL BOOK
OF ANIMALS
APPARATUS AND
MATERIALS Computer software and internet access.

STEPS Animal
digital book

1. Use the internet to identify and 2. Discuss the information gathered
gather information on the specific in groups.
characteristics and behaviours of
animals that can protect them from
the enemies.

S CIENCE YEAR 5

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS

OF ANIMALS TO PROTECT

THEM FROM ENEMIES

3. Prepare the information discussed 4. Present the discussed idea of your
using Microsoft PowerPoint or group in front of the class.

digital scrapbook.

How do predatory animals such as snakes,
spiders, eagles, and lions protect themselves
from enemies?

3.1.2, 3.1.6 57

PROTECTION FROM EXTREME WEATHER

Animals that live in extreme weather have specific characteristics on
parts of their bodies and specific behaviours to protect themselves. How
do the animals in the polar regions protect themselves from extremely
cold weather? Observe the situation below.

The thick fur of a polar bear traps its body heat to keep
warm. Polar bears also hibernate to reduce movement
and prevent themselves from losing energy.

polar bears SCIENCE INFO

Hibernation is a condition
where certain animals
become inactive and sleep
throughout winter.

The short and densed
feathers make the
penguins waterproof.
These densed feathers also
serve as a thermal insulator
to maintain their body
temperature.
58 penguins

snow geese

How do the thick layers of fat and fur of animals in the polar
regions able to maintain the animals’ body temperature and
protect them from extremely cold weather?

Walruses and sea lions have small
ear lobes to reduce heat loss from
their bodies. These animals also have
thick layers of fat under their skin
to maintain body heat in very cold
weather.

sea lion

walruses

Some animals cannot survive in the polar
regions and areas that are too cold. How

ZAKI

do animals like birds and whales protect
themselves from extreme weather?

59

Whales and some species of birds migrate across
continents and oceans to avoid cold weather of their
origin country. This is called migration.

The Kuala Gula Bird Sanctuary in Perak is one of
the places for birds from cold regions of northern
Asia and Europe to stop and rest before continuing
their migration to hot regions such as Australia.

Milky stork, lesser adjutant, and sandpiper
are examples of migratory birds in Kuala Gula.

Legend: milky stork lesser adjutant sandpiper
bird
migration SCIENCE INFO
route
In 2012, Malaysia became a member of the
whale East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership (EAAFP).
migration This international organisation plays a role in
route protecting migration and habitat of birds. Malaysia
through the Department of Wildlife and National
Migration of birds at Parks (DWNP) or also known as PERHILITAN has
Kuala Gula, Perak successfully gazetted Kuala Gula, in Perak as a
Flyway Network Site for migratory birds.

By winter, whales will migrate
to warmer seas to breed and to
find food.

whales Name other animals that migrate.

60

ZAKI

buffaloes Buffaloes wallow in water or mud to cool their
bodies and avoid insect bites and parasites.

hippopotamus elephant

Hippopotamuses wallow themselves to Elephants also regularly wallow
control their body temperature in extremely themselves in mud and water.
hot weather. Wallowing in water and mud Search information from various
also prevents skin diseases and bites of sources and explain the reason
horseflies, a type of fly that sucks blood of they need to wallow.
other animals.

61

Extremely hot weather in deserts is only suitable for certain animals.
Let us have a closer look at how animals living in this area protect
themselves.

It’s so hot! No grass to eat. Thankfully, I have a food
storage hump in the form of fat. I can survive two weeks
without water and food.

camel

We have large ear lobes so that our
bodies can release more heat.

desert fox

desert rat

Specific characteristics of parts of the body and behaviours of animals
can help protect them from extreme weather to ensure the survival of
their species.

How do the specific characteristics of parts ZAKI
of the body and behaviours of the animals
protect them from extreme weather? Explain
those specific characteristics and behaviours
with examples.

62

FUN ACTIVITY POCKETBOOK
OF ANIMALS
APPARATUS AND
MATERIALS Computer, internet access, printer, scissors,
STEPS stapler, A4 paper of various colours, and glue.

4 cm

2 cm

1. By using the internet, find pictures of 2. Arrange three pieces of A4
animals and words related to their coloured paper as shown
specific characteristics and behaviours in the picture.
that are used to protect them from
extreme weather. Print and cut the
pictures and the word cards.

3. Then, fold and combine the 4. Paste the pictures of animals and
coloured paper using a stapler. their matching characteristics or
specific behaviours on each page
State the importance of specific of the pocketbook.
characteristics and behaviours
of the animals to protect them 5. Present your work.
from extreme weather.
63
3.1.3, 3.1.6

ANIMALS PROTECT THEIR EGGS

Animals lay eggs and protect them to ensure
the survival of their species from extinction.
Let us read the story below.

Dear friends, I am ordered by the King of the
Jungle to make sure that all animals are to
protect their eggs from any threats. I would like
to know about the ways you protect your eggs.

mousedeer I hide and incubate my eggs to
keep them warm in a bushy nest
filled with dried leaves.

The toad and I lay many eggs. crocodile
Our eggs smell bad and are That’s right, frog.
covered with mucus to make
them difficult for the enemy to

eat. Isn’t that so, toad?

mosquito

frog toad

64 3.1.4

I hide my eggs in nests or tree holes
and incubate them until they hatch.

woodpecker

I hide my eggs in gaps found in
cupboards or any hidden places.

cockroach I hide my eggs
water strider in the soil.

grasshopper I lay eggs in a hole that I dig
using my hind legs. The eggs
are covered with soil that is
dug earlier.

I lay eggs on the surface tortoise
of rocks or leaves near
river banks with calm
water.

Some animals such as mosquitoes and turtles do not take 65
care of their eggs. How are their eggs being protected
from enemy threats?

FUN ACTIVITY R O L E - P L A Y

APPARATUS AND Marker pens, glue, envelopes,
MATERIALS pictures of animals, and A4 paper.

STEPS

1. A representative from each group ––--TT eeSSllmliuumrreylbblyeeerrgelbgegangsu.sd.ibr usuk
picks an envelope containing two –-B Lilaarnggeannutmelbuerryoafnegggbsa. nyak
pieces of animal picture cards.
The animals in the pictures are not 2. Discuss how the animals care for
known to the other groups. their eggs and write the information
on the A4 paper.

SPUDUUPT IHLASSI’L CKEORJRA NMUERRID

MELIA – ---TTBee iSSLlallauulminmrrrggebbayeleelnyrrenlbetgeueangglmudugsribrb.s.yue.asrunokg.fbanyak. ––--BAds uiHLeeynaanrheanctyitemunnimllbsgeutbegrhgatneaadegtetgkiyismnedetairhhaenacalenmamateithmrcretkeeahneassj.gnaana.ggnertaesadslntu.gr.
–
–

eggs.

3. A representative from each group 4. Paste the results of the discussion
role-plays the animals protecting at the Pupils’ Corner. A member of
their eggs. Other groups will identify the group will explain or answer
the characteristics and behaviours questions from the other groups.
and guess the names of the animals
being acted out.

Explain with examples other ways animals protect their eggs.

66 3.1.4, 3.1.6 TEACHER'S Teachers will prepare several pictures of animals that
NOTE lay eggs and some envelopes.

ANIMALS ENSURE THE SURVIVAL OF THEIR YOUNG
Animals protect their eggs and young in
many ways to ensure that their species
can continue to live and prevent extinction.

Mammals such as rabbits, cats, and
goats care and suckle their young until
they are able to find their own food.

rabbits

cats

goats

The joeys suckle and grow in the
pouches of their mothers to ensure
their safety.

kangaroos
Crocodiles and tilapia fish protect their young by placing them in their
mouths while moving and looking for food.

tilapia fish crocodiles 3.1.5 67

Chickens and monkeys will attack
the enemies when their young are
in danger.

monkeys

chickens

Besides caring for their young,
animals such as birds and lions will
also feed their young.

birds lions

Animals protect their eggs and young to ensure the survival of their species.

68

FUN ACTIVITY S U R V I V A L O F T H E S P E C I E S

APPARATUS AND Scissors, glue, pictures of animals,
and manila cards.
MATERIALS

STEPS

1. Select some examples of how animals ensure the survival of their young.

2. Draw or print some pictures of your choice of animals and their young.
Paste them on the folded manila cards as shown below.

3. Paste the pictures showing how the animals ensure the survival of their young
on each fold.

Animals take care of their young

Animals feed their young

Animals take care of their young Animals feed their young

4. Exhibit your work and discuss with
your friends.

(a) Why do animals protect their young? Explain.
(b) How do geese, lizards, and snails protect their eggs?

3.1.5, 3.1.6 69

IMAGINARY ANIMAL
The pupils of Year 5 Zamrud are helping Mr Zaki to clean the school
storeroom that stores recyclable materials. The materials are collected
from the pupils and their parents during the recycling campaign conducted
by the Science Committee of the school. Observe the situation below.

Wow, there are so many
items! Let’s sort these
recyclable materials by their
types before selling them.

Surely we are
able to earn
some money.

70

3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.3

Mr Zaki, can I have some of ZAKI
these boxes and tools?

Sure, Chan. What do
you want to do with
them?

I want to do a project using
recyclable materials.

Oh, I see! The Science Committee of the school will be
organising a competition to create an imaginary animal model.
We have just learned about the specific characteristics and
behaviours of animals to protect themselves. I encourage all of
you to join the competition.

ZAKI

Sure, Mr Zaki. I will join it. This box will be used to
make the wings of my imaginary animal model.

Wow, that’s interesting! I will also
join the competition. This plastic
bottle will be used to make the nose
of my imaginary animal model.

That’s good. All your projects
will be displayed during the
science fair later.

ZAKI

71

Let us look at the imaginary animal model made by Ana.

antennae scales

wings small ear
nose lobes

sharp sharp
claws spines

thick and smooth Name: Muri-muri This is the sketch of my
layer of fur imaginary animal model.

The sketch of Ana’s imaginary animal model scales
protection from injuries
antennae
sensitive to touch

wings small ear lobes
small but strong to reduce heat loss
to fly high
sharp spines
nose for self-protection
very sensitive
to unfamiliar odours

sharp claws thick fat
to scratch and grip to control body
the enemy temperature in
cold weather
This is a model of my imaginary animal
that has been completed. I named it thick and smooth layer of fur
Muri-muri. Muri-muri is very unique, thermal insulator in cold weather
special, and is capable of saving itself.
Ana’s imaginary animal model

Great! Why are
there spikes on its
thick-fur body?

This is its speciality. Its thick and smooth fur can
deceive the enemy by hiding sharp spines for
self-protection. Its thick fur also functions as a
thermal insulator.

72

Wow, that’s good, Ana! What about Melia,
Ravi, and Chan? I am sure your imaginary
animal models are also interesting to be
ZAKI shared. Tell us about their specialities.

FUN ACTIVITY I M A G I N A R Y A N I M A L

APPARATUS AND A4 paper, pencils, and coloured pencils.
MATERIALS

STEPS

1. Sketch a model of your imaginary animal on the A4 paper.

2. Label the specific characteristics and behaviours of your imaginary
animal model.
3. Suggest the needed materials and apparatus to build your

imaginary animal model.

4. Then, make your imaginary animal model.

5. Present your work in front of the class.

(a) Explain the specific characteristics of your imaginary animal that can be
used to protect it from enemies and extreme weather.

(b) What will happen if your imaginary animal does not have the specific
characteristics as mentioned?

(c) In your opinion, why does God create different specific characteristics
for animals to protect themselves?

(d) How those characteristics ensure the balance of nature?

3.2.1, 3.2.2, 7733
3.2.3, 3.2.4

FOOD CHAIN

Living things in a habitat is interdependent for food sources. Identify the
animals in the situation below and state their food.

eagle

bird

snake squirrel

stork

monkey otter

crab 3.3.1 crayfish
fish
74

Based on the situation at the mangrove swamp, what is the food for each
identified animal?

I observed a squirrel eating
a fruit and an otter eating
a fish.

What are the foods for other
animals such as crabs,
monkeys, snakes, and birds?

Crabs eat small animals. Birds and
monkeys eat fruits. Snakes eat
monkeys, birds, and squirrels.

Wow! It seems like all the animals ZAKI
are interdependent. Some animals
eat plants and some eat other animals.

This means that the interdependence
among these animals is in the form of
a food relationship which is connected
like a chain.

Based on this situation, what is
the meaning of a food chain?

A food chain is the food relationship among living things.

75

Therefore, based on all the living things identified in the habitat at the
mangrove swamp, we can state that:

eaten by eaten by eaten by
eagle
fruits squirrel snake

The relationship is shown as follows:

fruits squirrel snake eagle

This food chain can finally be summarised as follows:

fruits squirrel snake eagle

arrow ( ) means eaten by

The food relationship among the living things ZAKI
above is an example of a food chain in a
mangrove swamp habitat. Build examples of
other food chains in this habitat.

76

3.3.1

PRODUCER AND CONSUMER

Let us identify the producers and consumers based on the food chain
in a mangrove swamp habitat.

Do you still remember about photosynthesis? In the
presence of sunlight, plants make their own food.
Therefore, plants are called producers.

ZAKI

Mr Zaki, can other living
things be producers?

No, because only plants can carry out ZAKI
photosynthesis. Where do plants get their
energy from?

Plants get their energy from the sunlight.
The sunlight is the source of energy for plants
to carry out the process of photosynthesis.

That’s right. So, can you identify the
producers and consumers by using
other examples of living things found
in the mangrove swamp?

ZAKI 77

3.3.2

Producers obtain energy from the Sun. What about other animals such
as squirrels, otters, snakes, and eagles that cannot make their own
food? Where do these animals get their energy source from?

A squirrel is a consumer An otter is a consumer
that feeds on fruits. that feeds on fish.

Thus, the squirrel and otter obtain energy from the food they feed on.

Living things can also be related in terms of energy transfer as follows:

Squirrels are consumers that obtain
energy by eating fruits.

Snakes are consumers that obtain energy
by eating squirrels.

arrow ( Eagles are consumers that obtain energy
by eating snakes.

) also shows the flow of energy transfer
in a food chain

What is the main source of energy for ZAKI
the food relationship above?
78

3.3.2

FOOD RELATIONSHIP AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS

The relationship in goat goat
a food chain also
causes energy to be
transferred. Observe
the situation in this
farm.

Based on the identified duck
consumers and producer,
energy transfer in several chicken
food chains can be made caterpillar
as follows:
snake

vegetable duck snake
producer consumer consumer

vegetable goat snake Living things that are found
producer consumer consumer in this vegetable farm form
food relationships between
snake the producer and the
consumer various consumers.

vegetable chicken
producer consumer

ZAKI

vegetable caterpillar duck snake
producer consumer consumer consumer

vegetable caterpillar chicken snake
producer consumer consumer consumer

TThheurse,fothree, ftohoedfocohdacinhaainlsoalssohoshwoswtshethfeoroedlarteiolnastihoinpship among living
btheitnwgeseinnttheermlivsinogftehninegrsgiyn trearmnssfeorf.energy transfer.

33..33..33 7799

The diagram below shows the food relationship among living things.
It shows the process of photosynthesis in terms of energy transfer in the
food chain of a paddy field habitat.

The Sun is the main source of
energy in an ecosystem. The Sun
provides light and heat energy.

The paddy plant is the producer that paddy plant
absorbs energy from sunlight to carry
out the process of photosynthesis.

SCIENCE INFO eagle

An ecosystem is an ecological Energy is transferred
system of natural living things that live to the end consumer
together, interact, and depend on one which is the eagle that
another in a habitat. An ecosystem eats the snake. The
includes its environments such as eagle also eats the duck
water, soil, air, and the Sun as the and the chicken.
source of energy.

80

The duck and the chicken are among
the consumers that eat paddy plants.
Therefore, these consumers get
energy from the paddy plants.

duck

chicken

Energy is transferred to the next
consumer which is the snake that
eats the duck and the chicken.

snake

What is the importance of the food ZAKI
relationship among living things in
terms of energy transfer? 81

FOOD WEB

Now, you have identified the living things ZAKI
in several habitats including those in the
vegetable farm. Caterpillars, ducks, chickens,
goats, and snakes are the living things found
in this vegetable farm.

Below are the food chains that can be built based on the habitat in
the vegetable farm.

(a) vegetable duck snake

(b) vegetable goat snake

(c) vegetable chicken snake

(d) vegetable caterpillar duck snake
(e) vegetable caterpillar chicken snake

These food chains can be combined to form a food web as shown below.

goat snake
caterpillar
vegetable chicken
duck

What is a food web? ZAKI

82

3.3.4, 3.3.5

storks

snail small fish
waterweed

tadpoles frog
grasshopper big fish

Observe the pond habitat in the picture above. What are the living things
that can be found in the habitat?

There are waterweeds, small fish, big fish, tadpoles,
frogs, storks, grasshoppers, and snails in this habitat.

It seems that tadpoles, small fish, snails, and grasshoppers
also eat the same food which is the waterweeds.

Below are some food chains that can be built based on the pond habitat.

(a) waterweed snail stork stork stork
(b) waterweed tadpoles stork stork
(c) waterweed small fish frog stork
(d) waterweed grasshopper
(e) waterweed small fish frog stork
(f) waterweed tadpoles big fish stork
(g) waterweed tadpoles small fish big fish
(h) waterweed tadpoles big fish
small fish

83

Now, let’s combine all the food chains
that have been built into a food web
as shown below.

ZAKI

Mr Zaki, this is a food web diagram
that I have built based on all the
earlier food chains.

snail

tadpoles

small fish big fish

stork

waterweed

grasshopper

frog

The food web can be summarised as shown below.

snail

waterweed tadpoles big fish

small fish stork

grasshopper

frog

Identify other food chains in this habitat
and combine them to form a food web.

84 ZAKI

FUN ACTIVITY F O O D W E B

APPARATUS AND Marker pens, pictures of various
MATERIALS habitats, and manila cards.

STEPS

Group: 1
Habitat: pond
Producer: waterweed
Consumers: fish, stork,
grasshopper, frog, snail,

and tadpoles.

1. Observe the given pictures. 2. Discuss and identify the producer

Identify the habitats in the pictures. and consumers in each of these

habitats.

Group: 1 KHPHGPPeeUraraonnobMbdgguiPtieguatpUalutcu:Ltn:ea:A1aKrrpN:::OoRIwL:kunAaa1mdMntpe, arbwiaaneirgeadu,
Habitat: pond Cbeolnalsaunmg kearsta:kf,isship,usttork,
Producer: waterweed gdaransbsehroudpup.er, frog, snail,
Consumers: fish, stork,
grasshopper, frog, snail, and tadpoles.
and tadpoles.

Food chain snail stork Rantai Makanan siput bangau bangau
(aF)oodwcahteariwn eed tataddpsponolaeleisl csrtaonrke Food(ach) ainrumpai air sbneariul du sbtoanrkgau
(b()a) wwataetrewrweeeded (aF)oo(dwb)cahtearruiwnmepeadi air tatadbdpesplonaolalelaeislng kcsartatoanrkke
(b()a) (wc)wataertruewmrwepeeadei adir

(c()b) wwataetrewrweeeded gratasdshpopleper cfrroagne stork (c()b)SwirawattaaentrewMrweaekeadendan gratasdshpopleper cfrroagne stork
stork frog stork
Foo(cd) wwebaterweed grasshopper frog Fo(ocd) wwebaterweed sipgurtasshopper
stork rumpai air bangau
Food web snail stork berudu katak
Food web snail stork
belalang stork
waterweed tataddpspnooaleleils

waterweed ttaaddpspnooaleleisl waterweed gratasdshpopleper frog

waterweed gratasdshpopleper frog grasshopper frog

grasshopper frog

3. Build some food chains on the 4. Present your work in front of
manila cards. Based on the food the class.
chains, build a food web.

(a) What is the main source of energy in this habitat?
(b) Classify the producer and consumers in each habitat using

suitable graphic organisers. Discuss.

NTEOATCEHER'S Teachers prepare pictures of different habitats.

3.3.4, 3.3.5, 3.3.7 8855

In the food web, energy is also transferred from one living thing
to another.

Situation 1

grasshopper

tadpoles

waterweed stork

fish

What will happen if all the
fish die from poisoning?

Situation 2 Be thankful. The relationship
among these living things is still
chicken complete and interdependent.

vegetable goat

snake
grasshopper

duck

Predict the effects on other living
things if all the vegetables in the
farm were destroyed due to a flood.

86 ZAKI

EFFECTS OF POPULATION CHANGE
In a habitat, the energy transfer occurs continuously in the food
chain. Any changes in the population of living things will affect the
whole ecosystem.

Mr Zaki, how does a population
change occur in a food chain?

ZAKI

There are many reasons for the changes in
the population of living things. For examples,
tremendous weather changes and the
spread of a pandemic.

Unplanned forest exploration.

Forest fire.

Illegal hunting activities.

SCIENCE INFO

A population is a group of living things
or species found in a habitat. Population
change indicates a change in the
number of species in the habitat.

87

3.3.6

What are the effects on living things
if there is a population change in
the food web of a habitat?

Animals will lose their natural
ZAKI habitats and food resources. Animals

may also die or they have to move
elsewhere in search of a new habitat.

kangaroos elephants
tiger
SCIENCE INFO

It is estimated that 480 million
animals died due to a bush fire in
Australia since the end of August
2019. At least 8000 koalas perished
in the fire. About 30 percent of the
koalas’ habitats are also destroyed.

Population change in the food chain of a habitat
will disrupt other living things. Food relationships
among living things are also affected. This causes
a major change to food chains and food webs.

ZAKI Predict other effects on living things due to a
population change in the food web of a habitat.
Describe.

88

FUN SCIENCE MINI TERRARIUM

Build a mini terrarium using used materials such as aquariums, pebbles,
soil, small plants, and suitable small animals. Decorate your mini terrarium
creatively.

SCIENCE INFO

Terrarium is a transparent container used
to preserve plants or small animals by
creating a similar environment to their
natural habitats.

MIND REFLECTION

1. The survival of an animal species is the ability for animals to maintain their
species to avoid extinction.

2. Animals have specific characteristics on parts of their bodies and
behaviours to protect themselves from enemies as follows:

• big and sharp claws. • hard shells.
• stings that can release venom. • produce bad smell.
• patterns that resemble • hard scales.
• sharp horns.
fake eyes on the wings. • raising quills with
• strong leg muscles.
• sharp spines. sharp spines.
• inflating the bodies that have • detaching parts of the bodies.
• withdrawing parts of the
sharp spines.
• poisonous. bodies into the shells.
• spurting out black ink. • live in groups.
• curling up the bodies.

89

3. Animals have specific characteristics on parts of their bodies and behaviours

to protect themselves from extreme weather as follows:

• thick fur. • hibernate.

• short and densed feathers. • small ear lobes.

• thick layers of fat. • migrate.

• wallow in water or mud. • humps.

• large ear lobes.

4. Animals protect their eggs in various ways as follows:

• hide their eggs. • lay many eggs.

• incubate their eggs. • slimy eggs.

• lay their eggs on the • smelly eggs.

surface of rocks.

• bury their eggs in the soil.

5. Animals ensure that their young survive in various ways as follows:

• protect their young. • feed their young.

• suckle their young. • place the young in their mouths.

• raise their young in pouches. • attack the enemies when their young

are in danger.

6. Survival of species is important for the balance of the ecosystem.

7. A food chain is the food relationship among living things.

8. A food web is a combination of more than one food chain.

9. Producers are living things that can make their own food by carrying out
the process of photosynthesis.

10. Consumers obtain energy from eating other living things.

11. The Sun is the main source of energy in an ecosystem.

12. The balance of an ecosystem will be affected when there is a major
population change in a habitat.

13. If population change occurs in a food web of a habitat, animals will lose
their natural habitat and food source. The animals may also die or migrate
to other places to look for a new habitat.

90

MIND TEST

Answer all questions in the Science exercise book.

1. What is meant by the survival of animal species?
A. The ability of animals to protect their young.
B. Animals migrate to other places when there is no food.
C. Animals can prevent their species from extinction.
D. Animals have specific behaviours to find a mate.

2. Identify the following animals with their specific characteristics to protect
themselves from enemies.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

3. Match each phrase to the correct animal.

lays many eggs
incubates its eggs
produces slimy eggs

4. How do the following animals keep their young alive?

(a) (b) (c)

91

5. Observe the situation below and answer the following questions:

A cat tried to catch a lizard but it
only managed to catch the tip of
the lizard’s tail.

(a) In your opinion, has the cat succeeded in catching the lizard?
Give an inference for your answer.

(b) What is the specific behaviour of the lizard that protects it from the cat?

(c) How can this behaviour protect the lizard?

(d) Give an example of another animal that has similar specific behaviour
as the lizard.

6. State the meaning of each of the following terms.

producer food chain food web

7. The diagram below shows the food web in a habitat.
JKL

MNO

(a) Build three food chains based on the living things in this habitat.
(b) How many omnivorous animals are present in this food web?

(c) If K were destroyed due to a pandemic, predict the impact on the
populations of N and O.

(d) What is the main source of energy, producer, and consumers
in this habitat?

(e) Based on the diagram, predict K, L, N and O.
(f) What is the importance of food relationship among living things?

92

Un it PLANTS

Look at these lotus plants. How do they
reproduce in the pond?

Look at the dandelion seeds too. Why
do the dandelion seeds fly when the wind
blows?

How do plants maintain their species? 93

SEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN SINAR

PROTECTION FROM ENEMIES SEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN SINAR

Plants have various specific characteristics to protect
themselves from the enemies to ensure the survival
of their species.

How do these specific characteristics allow
plants to protect themselves from the enemies?

Let us observe the situation of Melia and her sister at their
grandfather’s orchard.

Ouch! The durian Be careful, little sister. These sharp
thorns are very sharp! thorns can hurt the enemies that
want to eat the durian.

durian pineapple

Sharp thorns

What is that,
grandpa?

This is the latex from the jackfruit tree
jackfruit tree. It is sticky
to prevent the enemies
from eating the fruits.

Produce latex papaya tree

94

4.1.1