English_File__Upper-intermediate__Students_Book_with_iTutor__PDFDrive_

lOA

quantifiers: all, every, both, etc. no, none, any

all, every, most 1 Is there any milk? 5 32 >))

Sorry, there's no milk. There isn't any (milk).

1 All animals need food. All fruit contains sugar. 5 31 >)) 2 A Is there any food?

All (of) the animals in this zoo look sad. B No,none. / There's none.But none ofus are hungry.

The animals all look sad. 3 Come any weekend! Anyone can come.

2 Everybody is here. Everything is very expensive.

3 Most people live in cities. 1 We use no + a noun after a G verb, or any+ noun after
a G verb to refer to zero quantity. Any can also be used
Most ofthe people in this class are women.
without a noun.
4 All ofus work hard and most ofus come to class every week.
2 We use none in short answers, or with a G verb to refer
S Every room has a bathroom. I work every Saturday.
to zero quantity. You can also use none+ of+ pronoun/
1 We use all or all (of) the+ a plural or uncountable noun. noun.

All= in general, all (of) the= specific. 3 We use any (and anythinB, anyone, etc.) and a[8verb to
mean it doesn't matter what, who, etc.
All can be used before a main verb (and after be).
both, neither, either
2 We use everythinB / everybody (=all things, all people) + singular
1 Both Pierre and Marie Curie were scientists. 33 >))
verb, e.g. EverythinB is very expensive. NOTAH is very expensi'\le. Neither Pierre nor Marie was (were) aware of the
dangers of radiation . Marie Curie wanted to study
3 We use most to say the majority; most= general, most of= specific. either physics or mathematics. In the end she studied
both at the Sorbonne in Paris.
4 We often use all/ most of+ an object pronoun, e.g. all ofus, most of
them, all ofyou, most ofit. 2 She and her husband both won Nobel prizes.
Pierre and Marie were both interested in radium .
S Use every + singular countable noun to mean 'all ofa group'.
3 Neither ofthem realized how dangerous radium was.
p every and all+ time expressions

Note the difference between every and all+ time expressions.
Every day= Monday to Sunday. All day= from morning to night

I usually go running every day. ...but today I'm ill, so I stayed 1 We use a G verb with both and neither. The verb is plural
in bed all day.
with both, and either singular or plural with neither.
Qa the cor rect word or phrase. 2 When both refers to the subject ofa clause, it can also be

We've eaten @/ all cake. used before a main verb but after be.
1 Most of/ Most my closest friends live near me. 3 We often use both/ either/ neither+ of+ object pronoun,
2 You can come round at any/ no time on Saturday. We'll
e.g. us, them, etc. or + of the + noun.
be hom e all day.
3 A ll / Eve1y thinB is ready for the party. We're just b Right (v") or wron g (X)? C orrect the w rong sentences.
Both Mike and A lan passed the exam. v"
waiting fo r the guests to arrive. He neither watches the news or reads a newspaper. X
4 Most/ M ost ofp eople enjoy the summer here, but for
H e neither watches the news nor reads a newspaper.
som e it's too hot. 1 Both the kitchen and the bathroom needs cleaning.
5 G ina goes dancing all / eve1y Friday night. 2 T he food wasn't cheap nor tasty.
6 We haven't got any / no onions for the soup . 3 We can go on holiday either in July or in August.
7 A ny/ None ofus want to go out tonight. We're all broke. 4 Both the journey was long and boring.
8 Nobody / A ny body can go to the festival. It's free. 5 It's or Jane's or Karen's bir thday today. I can 't
9 I've got two very close friends, but unfortunately
remember which .
either / neither ofthem lives near me. 6 My brother has neither the energy nor the stamina to
10 I'd like to h ave a bigger table, but there's no/ no'!'l-e room
run a marathon.
in my kitchen. 7 Her aunt and her cousin came to visit both.
8 We can walk either or take the bus.
9 I have two children but neither of them look like me.
10 My parents love horses, and both of they ride every day.

~ p.97

Ill

108 GRAMMAR BANK

articles more rules: geographical names

basic rules: a I an I t he, no article 1 Tunisia is in North Africa. 5 39 l))

2 Selfridges, one of London's biggest

1 My neighbour has just bought a dog. The dog is an Alsatian. 5 37 l)) department stores, is in Oxford Street.
He got into the car and drove to the Town Hall.
3 Lake Victoria and Mount Kilimanjaro are
2 Men are better at parking than women.
I don't like sport or classical m usic. both in Africa.
I stayed at home last weekend.
4 The River Danube flows into the Black Sea.

5 The National Gallery and the British

Museum are London tourist attractions.

I Use a or an when you mention somebody or something for the first time We don't n ormally use the with:
or say who or what somebody or something is. Use the when it's clear who
or what somebody or something is (e.g. it has been mentioned before or I most countries, continents, regions ending with the
it's unique). name of a country/ continent, e.g. N orth America,
South East Asia, islands, states, provinces, towns,
2 Don't use an article to speak in general with plural and uncountable nouns, and cities (exceptions: The USA , the UK / United
or in phrases like at home / work, BO home/ to bed, next/ last (week), etc. KinBdom, the N etherlands, the Czech R epublic).

inst itutions 38 l)) 2 roads, streets, parks, bridges, shops, and restaurants
(exceptions: motorways and numbered roads,
My father's in hospital. the M6, the A25).
They're building a new hospital in my town.
He was sent to prison for two years. 3 individual mountains and lakes.
My grandmother used to work in the prison as a cleaner. We n or mally u se the with:

With words like prison, church, school, hospital, and university , don't use an 4 mountain ranges, rivers, seas, canals, deserts, and
article when you are thinking about the institution and the normal purpose island groups.
it is used it for. Ifyou are just thinking about the building, use a or the.
5 the names of theatres, cinemas, hotels, galleries,
and museums.

a ~the correct article.

James bought~/ the /(-) new suit at the weekend.

1 The weather was awful, so we stayed at a / the/ (-) hom e.

2 A/ The/ (-) dishwasher we bought last week has stopped working already.

3 I love reading a/ the/ (-) historical novels.
4 Sarah had had an exhausting day, so she went to a/ the/ (-)bed early.
5 I saw a m an walking with a woman in the park. A/ The/ (-) woman was crying.
6 The teachers are on strike, so the children aren't going to a/ the/ (-) school.
7 Turn left immediately after a/ the/ (-) church and go up the hill.
8 My neighbour's in a/the/ (-) prison because he didn't pay his taxes.
9 People are complaining because the council have refused to build a/ the /(-) new hospital.
10 Visitors will not be allowed to enter a/ the/ (-) hospital after 7 p.m.

b Complete w ith the or(- ).

They're going to the USA to visit family.

1 Sicily is the largest island in M ed it e r r an e an.

2 Cairo is on River Nile.

3 We didn't h ave time to visit Louvre when we were in Paris.

4 south west England is fa mous for its beautiful countryside and beaches.

5 Mount Everest is in Himalayas.

6 T he largest inland lake is Caspian Sea.

7 We stayed at Palace Hotel while we were in M adrid.

8 Romeo and Juliet is on at Globe T heatre.

9 Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in Alps.

10 I've always wanted to visit India.

~p. 98

Illnesses and injuries VOCABULARY BANK

1 MINOR ILLNESSES AND CONDITIONS 2 INJURIES AND MORE SERIOUS
CONDITIONS
a Match the sentences with
the pictures. a Match the injuries with their causes or symptoms.

She has/ She's got... 1 C He's unconscious //\n'konfds/.
a cough /kof/ 2 He's had an allergic reaction /gb:d31k/.
a headache /'hede1k/ 3 He's twisted his ankle /'tw1st1d/ /
(earache, stomach ache,
toothache, etc.) He's sprained his ankle /sprernd/.
4 He has high (low) blood pressure /'bl/\d preJ'J/.
1 a rash /rref/ 5 He has food poisoning /'fu:d p;)IZ'dnIIJ/.
a temperature 6 He's choking /tf'Juk11J/.
/'temprdtfd/ 7 He's burnt himself/b3:nt/.
sunburn /1s/\nb3:n/
She's being sick / She's A He spilt some boiling water on himself.
vomiting /'vomrt11J/.
She's sneezing /'sni:zrl)/. B He fell badly and now it's swollen.
Her ankle is swollen
/'swduldn/. C He's breathing, but his eyes are closed and he can't
Her back hurts /h3:ts/ /
Her back aches /e1ks/. hear or feel anything.
Her finger is bleeding
/'bli:dII]/. D It's 18 over 14 (or 180 over 140).

b 29 >)) Listen and check. E He ate some prawns that were off.

c Match the illnesses and conditions with their symptoms F He was eating a steak and a piece got stuck in his throat.
or causes.
1 B He has a sore throat /s;):er~ut/. G He was stung by a wasp and now he has a rash and has
2 He has diarrhoea /dard'nd/.
3 He feels sick /'h:lz sik/. difficulty breathing.
4 He's fainted /'femt1d/.
5 He has a blister /'blrstd/ on his foot. p Common treatments for...
6 He has a cold /g kduld/.
7 He has flu /flu:/. a cut minor: put a plaster on it (AmE band aid) and
8 He feels dizzy /'d1zi/.
9 He's cut himself/kAt hrm'self/. antiseptic cream, major: have stitches

A He has a temperature and he aches all over. headaches take painkillers
B It hurts when he talks or swallows food.
C It's so hot in the room that he's lost consciousness. an infection take antibiotics
D He's been to the toilet five times this morning.
E He feels that he's going to vomit. a sprained ankle put ice on it and bandage it
F He's sneezing a lot and he has a cough.
G He feels that everything is spinning round. an allergic reaction take antihistamine tablets or cream
H He's been walking in uncomfortable shoes.
I He's bleeding. b 31 >)) Listen and check.

d 1 30 >)) Listen and check. 3 PHRASAL VERBS CONNECTED
WITH ILLNESS
Ill
a Match the bold phrasal verbs to their meanings.

Please lie down on the couch. I'm going to examine you.
I'd been standing for such a long time that I passed out,

and when I came round I was lying on the floor.
It often takes a long time to get over flu.
A few minutes after drinking the liquid I had to run to the

bathroom to throw up.
1 - - - - faint
2 ____ put your body in a horizontal position
3 ____ vomit, be sick
4 _ _ _ _ get better / recover from sth
5 ____ become conscious again

b 1 32 >)) Listen and check.

~p. 14

Clothes and fashion VOCABULARY BANK

1 DESCRIBING 2 ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE
CLOTHES
THE WAY PEOPLE DRESS
a Match the adjectives
and pictures. p trendy, stylish, and fashionable

Fit Fashionable is a general adjective, and means
loose /lu:s/ following a style that is popular at a particular
time. Trendy is very similar, but is more informal.
1 tight /ta1t/ Stylish means fashionable and attractive.

Style a Complete the sentences with an adjective.
hooded /1hud1d/
long sleeved /loo sli:vd/ fashionable /'freJn;:,bl/ old-fashioned /dUld 'fccJ~nd/
(a lso short sleeved) scruffy /'skrAfi/ smart I mo:tl fillish /'sta11IJ/
sleeveless /'sli :vl~s/ trendy /1trend i/
V-neck /'vi: nek/
1 Long skirts are reallyfashionable now.
Pattern
checked /tJckt/ 2 She's very . She always wears
~t terned /'pretand/
plain /plern/ the latest fashions.
spotted /1spot1d/
striped /stra1pt/ 3 T he Italians have a reputation for being

b 1 46 >)) Listen and check. very - they wear fas hionable

c Match the phrases and pictures. and attractive clothes.

M a te r i a ls 4 He looks really . His clothes are
a cotton vest
la 'kotn vest/ old and a bit dirty.
a denim waistcoat
/-;;, 'denim 1we1sbut/ 5 Jane looked very in her new
a fur collar /a fa: 'kol;;>/
a lace top /g leis top/ suit. She wanted to make a good impression.

1 a linen suit 6 That tie's a bit ! Is it your dad's?
/g 'lrnm su:t/
a !;:'.era swimsuit b 1 48 >)) Listen and check.
/ -;;, 1la1kr;) 1sw1msu:t/
a silk scarf /;:;> silk ska:f/ []] 3 VERB PHRASES
a velvet bow tie
/g 1velv1t b~u 1ta1/ a Match the sentences.
a wool(len) cardigan
/g 'wul(an) 'ka:d tg;;>n/ 1 C I'm going to dress up tonight.
leather sandals 2 Please hang up your coat.
/'lea-;;, 'srendlz/ 3 These jeans don't fit me.
suede boots 4 T hat skirt really suits you.
/swetd bu:ts/ 5 Your bag matches your shoes.
6 I need to get changed.
d 1 47 >)) Listen and ch eck. 7 Hurry up and get undressed .
8 Get up and get dressed .
p wear and dress 9 That tie doesn't really go with your shirt.
A Don't leave it on the chair.
Be careful with the difference between wear and dress. Compare: B I've just spilt coffee on my shirt.
C I'm going to a party.
The English don't dress very stylishly. She usually dresses in black. D They don't look good together.
I usually wear a skirt andjacket to work. She always wears black clothes. E It's bath time.
F T hey're too small.
G They're almost the same colour.
H You look great in it.
I Breakfast is on the table.

b 1 49 >)) Listen and check.

~ p.20

Air travel VOCABULARY BANK

1 AT THE AIRPORT 3 TRAVEL, TRIP, OR JOURNEY?

a Match the words and definitions. a Complete the sentences w ith travel (verb or noun), trip,

1 A Airport terminal 6 Departures board or;ourney.
Gate
2 Bag(gage) drop off 7 Runway 1 We're going on a five-day _tr_ip._ _ _ to the
Security mountains.
3 Baggage reclaim 8 VIP lounge

4 Check-in desk 9 2 A Did you have a good here?

s Customs 10 B No, my flight was delayed for six hours.

A a building at an airport divided into Arrivals and 3 Do you have to _ _ _ _ much in your job?
Departures (domestic and international flights)
4 Have a good . See you when you get back.

B an electronic display showing flight times and if the b 5 l)) Listen and check.

flight is on time, boarding, closed, or delayed c What's the differences between the three words?
C where you give in any checked-in luggage (bags,

cases, etc.) and are given a boarding pass

D where you take your luggage to check it in ifyou 4 PHRASAL VERBS RELATED TO AIR
already have your boarding pass TRAVEL

E where they check that you are not trying to take a Complete the sentences with a phrasal verb from the
prohibited items (e.g. liquids or sharp objects) onto list in the past tense.
the plane, by scanning your hand luggage, and
making you walk through a metal detector check in drop off fill in get off get on pick up
take off
F where passengers who are travelling business or first
class can wait for their flight

G where you show your boarding pass and ID and board 1 My husband dropped me off at the airport

your flight two hours before the flight.

H where planes take offand land 2 I online the day before I was

I where you collect your luggage on arrival, and there going to fly.
are usually trolleys for carrying heavy cases 3 As soon as I _ _ _ _ _ ___ the plane I sat

J where your luggage may be checked to see ifyou are down in the first empty seat.
4 The plane ________ late because ofthe
bringing illegal goods into the country

b 3 l)) Listen and check. bad weather. the immigration form for
5I

2 ONBOARD the US, which the cabin crew gave me shortly before
landing.

a Complete the text with the words in the list. 6 When I the plane I felt

exhausted after the long flight.

• aisle /ail/ cabin crew /'krebm kru:/ seat belts /' i:t belt I 7 When I my luggage at baggage

connecting flight /kd'nekt 11J fla1t/ turbulence /'t3:bj::il;:ms/ reclaim I bumped into an old friend who had been on

direct flights /dd'rekt flaits/ jet lag /'d3et lreg/ the same flight.

long-hau l flights /lmJ h::i:I fl a1ts/ b 6 l)) Listen and check.

I often fly to Chile on business. I always choose an 'aisle -ll(p.24
seat, so that I can get up and walk around more easily.

Sometimes there is 2 when the plane flies over

the Andes, which I don't enjoy, and the 3 tell

the passengers to put their 4 on.

There aren't any 5 to Chile from London, so I

usually have to get a 6 in Madrid. Whenever I

take 7 I always suffer from 8 because

of the time difference and I feel tired for several days.

b 4 l)) Listen and check.

Adverbs and adverbial phrases vocABULARv BANK

1 CONFUSING ADVERBS AND ADVERBIAL PHRASES

a Match each pair ofadverbs with a pair ofsentences. Then decide which
adverb goes where and write it in the adverb column.

at the moment / actually in the end / at the end
especially / specially late / lately
~ver / ~ven near / nearly
1 hard / hardly still / yet

1 He trains very - at least three hours a day. Adverbs
ha1'd
It's incredibly foggy. I can see anything. ha1'dly

2 I hate it when people arrive for meetings.

I haven't heard from Mike . He must be very busy.

3 of a film I always stay and watch the credits roll.

I didn't want to go, but they persuaded me.

4 I love most kinds of music, but jazz.

My wedding dress was made for me by a dressmaker.

5 She looks younger than me, but she's two years older.

they're renting a flat, but they're hoping to buy one soon.

6 I've finished my book. I'm on the last chapter.

Excuse me, is there a bank here?

7 Have you found a job ?

He's 35, but he lives with his parents.

8 Have you been to the USA?

I've been all over the USA- I've been to Alaska!

b 15>)) Listen and check.

2 COMMENT ADVERBS

a Read the sentences. Then match the bold adverbs with definitions 1-8.

I thought the job was going to be difficult, but in fact it's quite 1 ideall-y in a perfect world
easy. 2 the truth is; actually (used to emphasize
It took us over five hours to get there, but eventually we were something, especially the opposite of
able to relax /r'ventfu;'.lli/. 3 what was previously said)
Ideally we would go to Australia ifwe could afford it. /a11di:gli/ 4 in the most important ways
Basically it's quite a simple idea /1be1s1k li/. clearly (used to give information you
5 expect other people to know or agree
I thought they'd broken up, but aPJli!rently they're back 6 with)
together again /d'prer;'.lntli/. 7 little by little
...so you can see it was a really awful weekend. Anyway, let's according to what you have heard or read
forget about it and talk about something else /'eniwe1/. 8 in any case (used to change or finish a
conversation)
She's only 14, so obviously she can't stay at home on her own in the end; after a series ofevents or
/' obv igslif. . . difficulties
She's been ill for weeks, but gradually she's beginning to feel
better /1grred3ugli/. •

b 16 >)) Listen and check.

~p. 29

Weather VOCABULARY BANK

1 WHAT'S THE WEATHER LIKE?

a Put the words or phrases in the right place in the chart.

below zero /b1'l;;iu 'z1;;ir'Ju/ boiling /'b:>il11J/ breeze /bri:z/ chilly /'tfili/ cool /ku:I/ damp /dremp/ drizzling /'dnzhlJ/
freezing /'fri:z11J/ humid /'hju:m1d/ mild /maild/ pouring /'p:>:nlJ/ (with rain) showers /'fau'Jz/ warm /w:J:m/

C:~PC) 8 It's . (a bit wet but

~ 5 It's . (pleasant not raining)

1 It's cool . (quite cold) and not cold) 9 It's . (raining lightly)
2 It's
T 6 It's . (a pleasantly 10 It's . (short period 13 There's a

(unpleasantly cold) high temperature) of rain) (a light wind)
It's cold.
It's hot. It's raining I wet. It 's windy.

3 It's . (very cold) 7 It's I 11 There are . (raining

4 It's . (-100) It's scorching. intermittently)

(unpleasantly hot) 12 It 's . (raining a lot)

b Complete the sentences withfoB , mist, and smoB.

When the weather's foggy or misty, or there is smog, it is difficult to see.
_ _ __ isn't usually very thick, and often occurs in the mountains or near the sea.
2____ is thicker, and can be found in towns and in the country.
3____ is caused by pollution and usually occurs in big cities.

c 2 31 l)) Listen and check a and b .

2 EXTREME WEATHER 3 ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE
WEATHER
a Match the words and definitions.
a Complete the weather forecast with these adjectives.
blizzard /' bhz'Jcl/ drought /clraut/ flood /flAd/
hail /heil/ heatwave /'hi:twe1v/ hurricane /'hAr1bn/ bright /bra1t/ changeable /' tJemd3;;ibl/ clear /kll'J/
lightning /'la1tn11J/ monsoon /mon'su:n/ thunder 1'8And'J/ heavy /'hevi/ icy /'aisi/ settled /' etld/ (= not likely to change)
strong /strol)/ sunny /'sAni/ thick /81k/
1 h_ea_twa_ve_ n a period of unusually hot weather
2 _____ n a long, usually hot, dry period when In the north ofEngland and Scotland it will be very cold,

there is little or no rain with ist1'0n(J winds and 2 rain. There will also
3 - - - - n and v small balls ofice that fall like rain
4 - - - - n a flash ofvery bright light in the sky be 3 fog in the hills and near the coast, though it

caused by electricity should clear by midday. Driving will be dangerous as the
5 _ _ _ _ n and v the loud noise that you hear during
roads will be 4 . However, the south ofEngland
a storm
6 ____ n a snow storm with very strong winds and the Midlands will have s skies and it will be
7 ____ v and n when everything becomes covered
6 and sunny, though the temperature will still
with water
8 ____ n a violent storm with very strong winds be quite low. Over the next few days the weather will be

(also cyclone, tornado) 7 , with some showers, but occasional a_ _ __
9 - -- - n the season when it rains a lot in
periods. It should become more 9 over the
southern Asia
weekend.
b 32 l)) Listen and check.
b 33 l)) Listen and check.

-< p.36

Ell

Feelings -

VOCABULARY BANK

1 ADJECTIVES 2 STRONG ADJECTIVES

a Match the feelings and the situations. a Match the strong adjectives describing feelings with their
definitions.
I J 'I'm very offended /a1fend1d/.'
2 'I feel a bit homesick /'h;:)ums1k/.' astonished /g'stomft/ bewildered /br'wlidgd/ de11.gb.ted /d1 'la1t1d/
3 'I'm a bit disappointed /d1s;'.)1p::nnt1d/.' desperate /'desp;;ir;;it/ devastated /'dev;;iste1t1d/ horrified /1honfa 1d/
4 'I'm very lonely /'l~mn li/.' overwhelmed /guv;;i'welmd/ stunned /stAnd/ thrilled /8nld/
5 'I'm incredibly proud /praud/.'
6 'I'm really nervous /'n3:vas/.' I "s-'t-'u-'-"n'-'n"'-e'-"d-'-'-_ very surprised and unable to move or react
7 'I'm very grateful /1gre1tfl/.' 2 ____ extremely upset
8 'I'm shocked /Jokt/.' 3 ____ incredibly pleased
9 'I'm so relieved /n'li:vd/.' 4 _ _ __ very excited
10 'I feel a bit guilty /'grlti/.' 5 ____ (amazed) /very surprised
6 _ ___ with little hope, and ready to do anything to improve
A You discover that you have a brother you
had never known about. the situation
7 _ ___ feeling such strong emotions that you don't know how
B You haven't visited your grandparents for a
long time. to react
8 ____ extremely confused
C A stranger gives you a lot ofhelp with a 9 _ _ _ _ extremely shocked or disgusted
problem.
p Modifiers with strong adjectives
D You are abroad and you think someone has
stolen your passport, but then you find it. Remember you can't use a bit, quite, or very with these adjectives.
NOT f was very astonished. If you want to use an intensifier, use
E You don't get a job you were hoping to get. really I absolutely I totally I completely.
F You go to study abroad and you're missing
b 3 >)) Listen and check.
your family and friends.
G You move to a new tow n and don't have any 3 INFORMAL OR SLANG WORDS AND
EXPRESSIONS
friends.
H You are going to talk in public for the first a Look at the hig lighted words and phrases and try to work out
their meaning.
time.
I Someone in your family wins an important 1 B I was scarea stiff when I heard the bedroom door opening
/skedd st1f/.
prize.
2 You look a bit Clown. What's the problem?
J A friend doesn't invite you to his wedding. 3 I'm absolutely shattered. I want to relax and put my feet up I

p fed up and upset 'Jretad/.
4 I was completely gobsmacked when I heard that Tina was
fed up= bored or frustrated and unhappy
(especially with a situation which has gone on getting married /'gobsmrekt/!
too long) 5 I'm sick of hearing you complain about your job.
I'm really fed up with my job. I think I'm going 6 When he missed that penalty I was absolutely gutteCl /19At1d/.
to quit.
upset = unhappy when something bad b Match the words and phrases to the feelings.
happens
Kate was terribly upset when her dog A sad or depressed D exhausted
disappeared. B terrified E fed up or irritated
C very disappointed F astonished
b 3 2 >)) Listen and check.

c 3 4 >)) Listen and check.

~ p.45

Verbs often confused VOCABULARY BANK

a Complete the verbs column with the correct verb in the right form.
verbs

argue / discuss (= talk about sth)
1 I need to the problem with my boss. (=speak angrily to sb)
2 I often with my parents about doing housework.

notice / realize (= understand fully, become aware ofsth)
3 I didn't you were so unhappy. (=see, observe)
4 I didn't that Karen had changed her hair colour.

avoid / prevent (= try not to do something)
5 Jack always tries to arguing with me. (=stop)
6 My dad can't me from seeing my friends.

look/ seem (= general impression)
7 I've spoken to her husband twice and he very nice. (=physical appearance)
8 Carol doesn't very well. I think she's working too hard.

mind / matter (= get get annoyed or upset)
9 My parents don't ifl stay out late. (=be a problem)
10 It doesn't ifwe're five minutes late.

remember / remind (= help sb to remember)
11 Can you me to call my mum later? (= not forget)
12 to turn offthe lights before you go.

expect / wait (= think that sth will happen)
13 I that Daniel will forget our anniversary. He always does. (= stay where you are until something happens)
14 We'll have to halfan hour for the next train.

wish/ hope (=want sth to be true even ifit is unlikely)
15 I I was a bit taller! (= want sth to happen)
16 I that you can come on Friday. I haven't seen you for ages.

beat/ win (= be successful in a competition)
17 Arsenal the match 5-2. (= defeat sb)
18 Arsenal Manchester United 5-2.

refuse/ de~ (= say you don't want to do sth)
19 Tom always to discuss the problem. (= say that sth isn't true)
20 Tom always that he has a problem.

raise/ rise (=go up)
21 The cost ofliving is going to again this month. (=make sth go up)
22 It's hard not to your voice when you're arguing with someone.

lay (past laid) / lie (past lay) (= put your body in a horizontal position)
23 Last night I came home and on the sofa and went to sleep. (= put sth or sb in a horizontal position)
24 I the baby on the bed and changed his nappy.

steal/ rob it. (=take sth from a person or place by threat or force)
25 T he men h ad been planning to the bank. (= take money or property that isn't yours)
26 Ifyou leave your bike unlocked, somebody might

advise / warn (= tell sb that sth unpleasant is about to happen)
27 I think I should you that Liam doesn't always tell the truth. (= tell sb what you think they should do)
28 My teachers are going to me what subjects to study next year.

b 9>)) Listen and check.

-1111( p.67

Ill

The body VOCABULARY BANK

1 PARTS OF THE BODY AND ORGANS

a Match the words and pictures.
ankle l'ccokl/

1 calf/ka:f/ (pl calves)
heel /hi:I /

elbow /'clbau/
fist /f1st/
nails /nc1lz/
palm /pa:m/
wrist Inst/

bottom /'bot'Jm/
chest /tfest/
hip /hip/
thigh /8a1/
waist /we1st/

brain /bre1n/
heart /ha:t/
kidneys /1k1dniz/
liver /'IIV'J/
lungs /IArJZ/

b 17l)) Listen and check.

2 VERBS AND VERB PHRASES c Read the sentences. Write the part of the body related to the bold
verb.

a Complete the verb phrases with the parts of 1 He winked at me to show that he was only joking. "'""'ey~e_ __
the body.
/w1okt /

arms eyebrows hair (x2) hand hands 2 The steak was tough and difficult to chew. /tJu:/
head nails nose shoulders teeth
thumb toes 3 When we met, we were so happy we hugged each other.
_ _ _ /hAgd/

1 bite your nails /bait/ 4 Don't scratch the mosquito bite. You'll only make it worse.
_ _ _ I krretJ/
2 blow your ___ /bl'Ju/

3 brush your / 5 She waved goodbye sadly to her boyfriend as the train left the
brush your /b rAf/
station. /we 1vd/

4 comb your /bum/ 6 Some women think a man should kneel down when he proposes

5 fold your /fau ld/ marriage. /ni:l/

6 hold somebody's ___ /h'Juld/ 7 The teacher frowned when she saw all the mistakes I had made.

7 touch your ___ /tAtJ/ - - - /fraund/
8 The painting was so strange I stared at it for a long time.
8 suck your ___ /sAk/
- - - /ste'Jd/
9 shake /fe1k / 9 She got out ofbed, and yawned and stretched.

10 shrug your ___ /frAg/ ___ / /j;:,:nd/

11 shake your _ __ 10 Ifyou don't know the word for something, just point at what you

12 raise your _ _ _ /re1z/ want. /p;:,111t /

b 18 >)) Listen and check. d 19 >)) Listen and check.

~ p.70

Crime and punishment VOCABULARY BANK

1 CRIMES AND CRIMINALS 2 WHAT HAPPENS
TO A CRIMINAL
a Match the examples to the crimes in the chart.
a Complete the sentences with
A They took away a rich man's son and then asked for money for his the words in the list.
safe return.
The crime
B She went to her ex-husband's house and shot him dead.
C Two passengers took control of the plane and made the pilot land arrested /;:i'rest1d/ questioned /'kwcstf;:md/
charged /tfa:d3d/ committed /k;)'m1t1d/
in the desert. invest igated /m'vest1ge1t1d/ caught /b:t/
D After the party, the man made the woman have sex against her will.
E We came home from holiday and found that our TV had gone. 1 Carl and Adam committed a crime. They
F A teenager got into the Pentagon's computer system and
robbed a large supermarket.
downloaded some secret data.
G Someone tried to sell me some marijuana during a concert. 2 The police the crime.
H When the border police searched his car, it was full ofcigarettes.
I Someone threw paint on the statue in the park. 3 Carl and Adam were driving
to the airport in a stolen car.
J He said he'd send the photos to a newspaper if the actress didn't
4 They were and taken to a police
pay him a lot of money. station. them for ten hours.
K An armed man in a mask walked into a shop and shouted, 'Give
5 The police
me all the money in the till!'
L The company accountant was transferring money into his own 6 Finally they were with(=

bank account. officially accused of) armed robbery.
M The builder offered the mayor a free flat in return for giving his
The trial
company permission to build new flats on a piece ofgreen land.
N They left a bomb in the supermarket car park which exploded. accused /::>'kju:zd/ acquitted /::i'kwrt1d/
0 Somebody stole my car last night from outside my house. court /b:t/ evidence /'evrd:ms/
P A man held out a knife and made me give him my wallet. fil!fily (opposite innocent) /'g1lti/
Q A woman followed a pop singer everywhere he went, watching judge /d3Acl3f illry /'d3u::>ri/ proof /pru:f/
Q.1!.nishment /'pAnifm;)nt/ sentenced /'sent::>nst/
him and sending him constant messages on the internet. -verdict /'v3:d1 kt/ -witnesses /'w1tn::is1z/

7 Two months later, Carl and Adam
appeared in _ _ __

Crime Criminal Verb 8 They were ofarmed robbery
blackmailer bl ackmai l
1 blackmail /'blrekme11/ bribe and car theft.
- break in I burgle
2 bribery /'bra1b;:iri/ sell drugs 9 told the court what they had
3 burglary /'b3:gl;:,ri/ burglar commit fraud
drug dealer hack (into) seen or knew.
4 drug dealing /drAg 'di: l10/ fraudster hijack
5 fraud /fr:>:d/ hacker kidnap 10 The , (of 12 people) looked at
6 hacking /hrek10/ hijacker mug
7 hijacking /'ha1d3rek1IJ/ kidnapper murder and heard all the - - - - -
mugger rape 11 After two days the jury reached
8 kidnapping /'k1dnrep1IJ/ mu rderer rob
9 mugging /1mAg10/ rapist smuggle their - -- - - . His
robber stalk 12 Carl was found
10 murder /'m3:d;:,/ smuggler set off bombs, etc.
11 rape /re1p/ s t a l ker steal A fingerprints were on the gun used in the
12 robbery /'rob;:,ri/ terrorist vandalize
13 smuggling /'smAg l11J/ thief robbery.
14 stalking /'st:>:k1IJ/ vandal
15 terrorism /'tcr;:inz;:im/ 13 The decided what Carl's - - -
16 theft /8cft/ should be.
17 vandalism /'vrend::>l1z;:m1/
14 He him to ten years in prison
llil b 4 32 >)) Listen and check.
(jail) .

15 There was no that Adam had

committed the crime.

16 He was and allowed to go free.

b 4 33 l)) Listen and check.

-< p.75

The media VOCABULARY BANK

1 JOURNALISTS AND PEOPLE IN THE MEDIA

a Match the words and definitions.

§.gony aunt /'<egJni a: nt/ commentator /' kom;mtc1t;;i/ crit ic /'knt1k/ gditor /'ed1t;;i/ freelance journalist /'fri:la:ns 'd33:n;;il1st/
newsreader /'nju:zri:d;;i/ paparazzi (pl) /prep;;i'rretsi/ presenter /pn'zent;;i/ reQ.Qrter /n'p;):t;;i/

1 "c-r'i-t-i'c-'--'-"--- a person who writes (a review) about the good/ bad qualities ofbooks, concerts, theatre, films , etc.
2 _ ____ a person who describes a sports event while it's happening on TV or radio
3 _ _ ___ a person who collects and reports news for newspapers, radio, or TV
4 _ _ __ _ a person in charge of a newspaper or magazine, or part of one, and decides what should be in it
5 _____ a person who introduces the different sections ofa radio or TV programme
6 _ ____ a person who writes articles for different papers and is not employed by any one paper
7 _ ____ a person who reads the news on TV or radio
8 _____ photographers who follow famous people around to get photos of them to sell to newspapers and magazines
9 _ _ ___ a person who writes in a newspaper or magazine giving advice to people in reply to their letters

b 4 43 l)) Listen and check.

2 ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE THE 3 THE LANGUAGE OF HEADLINES
MEDIA
p The language of headlines
a Match the sentences.
Newspaper headlines, especially in *tabloids, often use
1 The reporting in the paper was very sensational short snappy words. These words use up less space and
/s en 1se1J~m l/. are more emotive, which helps to sell newspapers.

2 The news on Channel 12 is really biased /'baTdst/. *newspapers with smaller pages that print short articles with lots of photos,
3 I think The Observer is the most objective often about famous people

/db1d3ckt1v/ of the Sunday papers. a Match the h ighlighted 'headline phrases' with their
4 The film review was quite accurate /'~kjdrgt/. meamng.
5 I think the report was censored /'sensgd/.
1 A Famous actress in restaurant bill row
A It said the plot was poor but the acting good, which 2 United boss to quit after shock cup defeat
was true.
3 Prince to wed 18-year-old TV soap star
B It bases its stories just on facts, not on feelings or
beliefs. 4 Prime minister backs his Chancellor in
latest scandal
C The newspaper wasn't allowed to publish all the details.
D It made the story seem more shocking than it really was. 5 Tarantino tipped to win Best Director
E You can't believe anything you hear on it. It's obvious
6 Thousands of jobs axed by UK firms
what political party they favour!
7 Stock market hit by oil fears
b 4 44 l)) Listen and check.
8 Police quiz witness in murder tria l
9 Astronaut bids to be first man on Mars
10 Ministers clash over new car tax proposal
11 Bayern Munich boss vows to avenge defeat
12 Footballer and wife split over affair with cleane r

A argument G is going to marry
B have been cut H promises
I is predicted
c question, interrogate
J disagree
D is going to attempt
E is going to leave K has been badly affected
F separate L supports

b 4 45 l)) Listen and check.

<Ill( p.81

Business VOCABULARY BANK

1 VERBS AND EXPRESSIONS c Do or make? Put the phrases in the right column.

a Complete the sentences with a verb from the list in business (with) /' brzn;:is/ a deal /di:!/ (= business agreement)
the right form (present simple, past simple, or past a decision /clr's13n/ a job /d3ob/ a loss (opposite profit) /los/
participle). market research /1ma:k1t n's3:tf/ money /' mAni!
somebody redundant /n 'dAnd;:int/ (=sack somebody
become /b11kAm/ close down /kl;:iuz daun/ drop /drop/ because he I she isn't needed any more) well I badly
grows /grguz/ expand /Ik'sprend/ export /Jk'sp::i:t/
import /Jm'p::i:t/ launch /b:ntJ/ manufacture /mrenju'frektj';:)/ do make
market /'ma:k1t/ merge /m3:d:y' produce /pr;:i'dju:s/ business (with)
set up I et Ap/ take over /tc1k 'guv;:i/

1 Although GAP stands for Genuine

American Product, most ofits d 8 ))) Listen and check.

clothes are manufactu1'ed in Asia. 2 ORGANIZATIONS AND PEOPLE

2 In 1989 Pepsi-Cola a new a Organizations Match the words and definitions.

product called Pepsi A.M., which was a business /'b1zn;:is/ (or firm I company)
a branch /bro:ntji' a chain /tfem/ head Qffice /hed 'of1s/
aimed at the 'breakfast cola drinker'. It a multinational /mAlti'meJn,gl/

was an immediate flop. 1 a chain a group ofshops, hotels, etc. owned by the
same person or company
3 The Spanish airline Iberia ___ with British
2 an organization which produces or sells
Airways in 2011. goods or provides a service

4 Apple is considered one of the best companies in the 3 a company that has offices or factories in
many countries
I ~· world for the way they their products.
4 the main office of a company
5 Prosciutto is a kind ofltalian ham. Two of the 5 an office or shop that is part ofa larger

best known kinds are San Daniele and Parma, organization, e.g. a bank

I R:)~pS I t" which are in the Friuli and Emilia b People Match the words and definitions.

I. regions ofltaly, and are all over the the CEQ /si: i: '';}{)/ (= chief executive officer)
1501111 a client /'kla1gnt/ a colleague /' koli:g/ a customer /'kAstgmg/
world. a manager /' mrenid3g/ the owner /''Jung/ the staff /sta:f/

6 The Royal Bank ofScotland _ _ 1 the group of people who work for an
organization
NatWest Bank in 2000, even though it
2 someone who buys goods or services, for
was in fact a smaller rival. example from a shop or restaurant

7 The supermarket chain Tesco _ __ 3 someone who receives a service from a
professional person, for example from a lawyer
the market leader in 1995, and is
4 a person who works with you
still the UK's biggest-selling chain. 5 the person with the highest rank in a

8 Zara shops were opened in Spain in company
6 the person who owns a business
1975, but the company soon internationally. 7 the person in charge ofpart ofan

,I .• t •'I 9 Nowadays it is quite a risk to a new organization, for example a shop or a branch

.---2-1-r·1-·1 ~-/­ business. In the UK, 203 of businesses fail in c 9 ))) Listen and check your answers to a and b.
' their first year.
~p. 87
" 10 The cost ofliving in Iceland is so high

because so many food products have to
be - - -
11 During a boom period, the

economy quickly and

living standards improve.

12 During a recession, many companies

_ _ _ and living standards _ __

b 5 7))) Listen and check.

•

Word building VOCABULARY BANK

1 PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 2 NOUNS FORMED WITH SUFFIXES
WHICH ADD MEANING
p Noun suffixes

a Match the bold prefixes in sentences 1-11 Common endings for nouns made from verbs:
to their meanings A-K.
-ion I -(a)tion alienate - alienation

1 G Mumbai is a very overcrowded city. -ment em~ - em~ment

2 Tokyo is one of20 megacities. Common endings for nouns made from adjectives:

-ness lonely - loneliness

3 This part of the city is very poor and -ence I -ance -violent - -violence

underdeveloped. Common endings for abstract nouns made from nouns:

4 London is a very multicultural city, -hood neighbour - neighbourhood

with many different races and religions. -ism -vandal - -van-dalism

5 The quickest way to get around New

York is on the subway. a Make nouns from the words in the list and put them in the right
column.
6 Montreal is probably the most bilingual
city in the world - most inhabitants absent /'rebs;:mt/ accommodate /d'komdde1t/ alcohol /'celkdhol/
speak English and French. brother /'br11.o;;i/ child /tJa1 ld/ cold /bold/ convenient /bn'vi:ni;;int/
distant /'d1st;;int/ entertain /entd'tern/ excite /Ik'sa1t/ friendly /'frcndli/
7 Ifyou want to avoid the traffic jams in govern /'911.vn/ ignorant /'1gndr;;int/ improve /Irn'pru:v/ intend /rn'tend/
pollute /p;)' lu:t/ race /re1s/ reduce /n'dju:s/ ugly /'11.gli/ weak /wi:k/
Bangkok, get the monorail.

8 The autopilot was switched on after

the plane had taken off.

9 Vandalism, especially breaking public -ion I -(a)tion -ment -ness -ence I -ance -ism -hood

property, is very antisocial behaviour. accommodation

10 I misunderstood the directions that man

gave me, and now I'm completely lost.

11 He's doing a postgraduate degree in

aeronautical engineering. b 5 14l)) Listen and check.

A against G too mnch 3 NOUNS WHICH ARE DIFFERENT WORDS

B many H two p Noun formation with spelling or word change
I after
c big Some nouns made from verbs or adjectives are completely different
words, e.g. choose - choice, poor - poverty.
D not enough J under
E one a Write the verb or adjective for the following nouns.
K wrongly Noun

F by (it)self 1 verb loss /los/
2 verb death /de8/
b 5 12 >)) Listen and check. 3 verb success /sdk'ses/
4 verb thought /8'J:t/
c Match the bold suffixes to their meaning. 5 verb belief/b1 1li:fI
6 adj heat /hi:t/
1 There are a lot ofhomeless people in 7 adj strength /strel)8/
this city. The situation is hopeless. 8 adj hunger /'hAIJgg/
9 adj height /ha1t/
2 Be careful how you drive! The 10 adj length /lel)8/
instructions were very useful.
b 5 15 >)) Listen and check.
3 The police usually wear bullet-proof
vests. My watch is waterproof. -Ill( p.89

4 Their new laptops are completely
unbreakable. I don't think the tap
water here is drinkable.

A with B can be done
C resistant to D without

d 13>)) Listen and check.

Verb patterns: verbs followed by the Infinitive (with to)
gerund or infinitive
afford I can't afford to go on holiday this summer.
Gerund agree I have agreed to pay David back the money he lent me next week.
appear The results appear to support the scientist's theory.
admit In court the accused admitted (to) stolen arrange I've arranged to meet Sally outside the restaurant.
the documents. be able I won't be able to work for two weeks after the operation.
can't wait We can't wait to see your new flat - it sounds fantastic.
avoid I always try to avoid driving in the rush choose I chose to study abroad for a year, and it's the best thing I've ever done.
hour. decide They've decided to call off the wedding.
deserve Kim deserves to get the job. She's a very strong candidate.
be worth It isn't worth going to the exhibition. It's expect We're expecting to get our exam resu lts on Friday.
really boring. happen Tom happened to be at Alan's when I called in so I invited him to our
party as well.
can't help We can't help laughing when my dad help* The organization I work for helps young people to find work abroad.
tries to speak French. His accent is hesitate Don't hesitate to ask a member of staff if you need anything.
awful! hope I'm hoping to set up my own company if I can get a bank loan.
learn I wish I had learnt to play t he guitar when I was younger.
can't stand I can't stand talking to people who only make When I was at school, we were made to wear a uniform. It was awful.
talk about themselves. manage Did you manage to get to the airport in time?
offer Lucy has offered to give me a lift to the station.
carry on* We carried on chatting until about 2.00 plan We're planning to have a big party to celebrate.
in the morning. pretend I pretended to be enthusiastic but really I didn't like the idea at all.
promise Sarah always promises to help me in the kitchen but she never does.
deny Miriam denied killing her husband but refuse My neighbour refused to turn down the music and I had to call the police.
the jury didn't believe her. seem Something seems to be wrong with the washing machine.
teach Jack's father taught him to drive when he was seventeen.
enjoy I used to enjoy flying but now I don't. tend My boss tends to lose her temper when she's feeling stressed.
threaten The teacher threatened to call my parent s and tell them what I had done.
fancy Do you fancy seeing a film this evening? want The police want to interview anyone who witnessed the crime.
would like Would you like to try the dress on? The changing rooms are over there.
feel like I don't feel like going out tonight.

finish Have you finished writing the report yet?

give up* Karen has given up eating meat but she
still eats fish.

keep (on) I keep (on) telling my husband to lose
some weight but he just won't listen.

look forward to We are really looking forward to seeing
you again.

imagine I can't imagine living in the country. I
think I would get bored after a week.

involve My boyfriend's job involves travelling at
least once a month.

mind I don't mind doing housework. I find it
quite relaxing.

miss Does your father miss working now that * help can be followed by the infinitive with or without to.
he has retired?
The organization I workfor helpsyoung people (to) find work abroad.

postpone We'll have to postpone going to the
beach until the weather improves.
Infinitive (without to)
practise The more you practise speaking English
the more fluent you'll get.
can Can you help me carry these suitcases?
recommend I recommend doing a double decker bus may
tour as the best way to see London. might There's a lot of traffic today, so we may be a bit late.
must
regret I regret not travelling more before I got should It might rain tomorrow, so please bring.an umbrella or a raincoat.
my first job.
had better I must remember to phone Harry - it's his birthday today.
risk If were you I wou ldn't risk walking would rather Should we book a table for tomorrow night? It's a very popular
t hrough the park at night. restaurant.
make You'd better leave now if you want to catch that train.
spend I spent half an hour looking for my
glasses this morning. let You look tired. Would you rather stay in this evening and watch a
fi lm?
stop Once I open a box of chocolates, I can't
stop eating them. Sue makes her two teenagers do the washing up every evening
after dinner.
suggest A friend of mine suggested visiting
London in the autumn. Let me pay for coffee - it must be my turn.

* All phrasal verbs which are followed by another -411( p.142

verb, e.g. canyon, give up, etc. are followed by the
gerund.

164

5 46>)) Infinitive Past simple Past participle

Infinitive Past simple Past participle lay /lei/ laid /lerd/ laid
learn /b:n/ learnt /b:nt/ learnt
be /bi/ was I were been /bi:n/ leave /li:v/ left /left/ left
/woz/ /w3:/ lend /lend/ lent /lent/ lent
beat /bi:t/ beat beaten /lbi:tn/ let /let/ let let
become /br'kAm/ became /b1'kerm/ become lie /laJ/ lay /leJ/ lain /lem/
begin /br'gm/ began /b11gren/ begun /br'gAn/ lose /lu:z/ lost /lost/ lost
bite /bart/ bit /brt/ bitten /'brtn/
break /bre1k/ broke /brduk/ broken /'brdukdn/ make /me1k/ made /me1d/ made
bring /bnu/ brought /br;):t/ brought mean /mi:n/ meant /ment/ meant
build /bild/ built /brlt/ built meet /mi:t/ met /met/ met
burn /b3:n/ burnt fb3:nt/ burnt
(burned) /b3:nd/ (burned) pay /pe1/ paid /pe1d/ paid
buy /bar/ bought /b;):t/ bought put /put/ put put
can /keen/
catch /kretJ/ could /kud/ - read /ri:d/ read /red/ read /red/
choose /tJu:z/ caught /b:t/ ride /rard/ rode /rdud/ ridden /'ndn/
come lkAml chose /tJduz/ caught ring /nu/ rang /rreu/ rung /rnu/
cost /kost/ came /kerm/ chosen /'tJ~:iuzn/ rise /ra1z/ rose /rduz/ risen /'n zn/
cut /kAt/ cost come run /rAn/ ran /rren/ run
cut cost
deal /di:J/ cut say /se1/ said /sed/ said
do /du:/ see /si:/ saw /sJ:/ seen /si:n/
draw /drJ:/ dealt /delt/ dealt sell /sell sold /sduld/ sold
dream /dri:m/ did /d1d/ done /dAn/ send /send/ sent /sent/ sent
drew /dru:/ drawn /drJ:n/ set /set/ set set
drink /dnuk/ dreamt /dremt/ dreamt shake /Je1k/ shook /Juk/ shaken /'Je1k~m/
drive /dra1v/ (dreamed /dri:md/) (dreamed) shine /Jam/ shone /Jon/ shone
drank /drreJJk/ drunk /d rAIJk/ shut /JAt/ shut shut
eat /i:t/ drove /dr;;,uv/ driven /'drrvn/ sing /sru/ sang /sreu/ sung /sAIJ/
sit /sit/ sat /sret/ sat
fall /fo:l/ ate /e1t/ eaten /'i:tn/ sleep /sli:p/ slept /slept/ slept
feel /fi :L/ speak /spi:k/ spoke /spduk/ spoken /'spdubn/
find /farnd/ fell /fell fallen /'fo:ldn/ spend /spend/ spent /spent/ spent
fly /flail felt /felt/ felt stand /strend/ stood /stud/ stood
forget /fa'get/ found /faund/ found steal /sti:l/ stole /stdul/ stolen /'stduldn/
get /get/ flew /flu:/ flown /fldun/ swim /swi m/ swam /swrem/ swum /s wAm/
give /g1v/ forgot /fa'got/ forgotten /fa'gotn/
go /gdu/ take /te1k/
grow /grdu/ got /got/ got teach /ti:tJ/ took /tuk/ taken /'te1kan/
gave /ge1v/ given /'g1vn/ tell /tell taught /tJ:t/ taught
hang /hreu/ went /went/ gone /gon/ think /8ruk/ told /tduld/ told
have /hrev/ grew /gru:/ grown /grdon/ throw /8rno/ thought /8J:t/ thought
hear /hrd/ threw /8ru:/ thrown /8rdun/
hit /hrt/ hung /hAIJ/ hung understand
hurt/h3:t/ had /bred/ had /A ndd' stre nd/ understood understood
heard /h3:d/ heard /Andd'stud/
keep /ki:p/ hit hit wake /we1k/
kneel /ni:l/ hurt hurt wear /wed/ woke /wauk/ woken /'wauk~m/
know /ndo/ win /wm/ wore /wJ:/ worn /wJ:n/
kept /kept/ kept write /ra1t/ won /wAn/ won
knelt /nelt/ knelt wrote /rdut/ written /'ntn/
knew /nju:/ known /n';;mn/

,:I ffi<l!J; Irregular verbs 165

~

Vowel sounds SOUND BANK

usual spelling ! butalso usual spelling ! butalso l
money
i i linen silk pretty women mu cut scru ffy -I
trip fit guilty decided lungs stunned
fill pi.ck village physics upset discuss someone enough
fish
touch flood blood

up

Cit ee bleed sneeze people thief a* ache lace break steak great
ea beat steal key relieved receipt ai faint plain weight suede
ay may lay obey grey
e even medium

tree train

~ a r ash back o* choke chose throw elbow
ankle m atch
cat h ang travel froze fold below although

oa toast approach shoulders

phone

I~ ar scarf smart aunt laugh i* striped ice buy eyes
·@ ·@ sharp hardly h ea r t
car y lycra stylish height aisle
a calf branch
igh tight flight

b ike

··~!_·· 0 cotton top watch want OU hour mouth d r o u gh t
drop cost because
clock off on cough proud around

ow showers frown
owl

~ (o)or sore floor warm warn pouring oi boiling avoid
al stalker wall t hought caught
h o rse aw yawn draw exhausted launch point avoid

oy enjoy employer
b oy

~ u full put could should eer career volunteer realize ideally

00 hooded woollen would woman ere here we're seriously zero

stood good ear nearly clear
ea r
bull

~ 00 loose cool suit juice air airport upstairs their there
boot u * argue refuse shoe prove
ew chew news through queue fa ir h air wear

are scared sta re area

chair

•computer Many different spellings. /';JI is always unstressed. A very unusual sound.
collar IIBtterned advise complain euro jury sure plural
info rmation sandals

tourist

~ A sound between hi and li:I. Consonant+ y

bird /i/ at the end ofwords is pronounced Iii.
windy sunny foggy

r An unusual sound between /u/ and /u:/.

j /u/ education usually situation

egg

\..

* especially before consonant + e 0 short vowels 0long vowels diphthongs

Consonant sounds SOUND BANK

usual spelling _-=r! but also usual spelling ! but also

parrot p postpone polluted th thunder thick
hope damp healthy thigh
death teeth
pp disappointed kidnapping
th the that with
brain bribe further brotherhood
objective biased
robbery hobby

c court critic choir orchestra chess ch checked chilly
k kidneys shake s t o m ach- ac he tch scratch stretch
question t (+ure) departure
key ck shocked homesick expect accuse
temperature
regret grateful
colleague forget j jet-lag hijack
hugged mugging g suggest manager
dge knowledge judge

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