AcademicWriting1-ParagraphDevelopment

WORK 2

nd perception

cal organs for sensing the world eyes for
g, skin for feeling, and mouths for tasting-
to a great extent on the language we
s proposed by linguists Edward Sapir and
that language is like a pair of eyeglasses
particular way. A classic example of the
perception is the word snow. Eskimo
words for snow. For instance, the Eskimos
ow on the ground, snow packed as hard
nd what we might call “cornmeal” snow.
in contrast, used only one word to mean
Whorf hypothesis is correct and we can
ds for, the Aztecs perceived snow, cold,
non.

nique Questions:

he main idea of this paragraph? Underline the part
pic sentence that expresses the main idea.
amples does the writer use to support this idea?
rds and phrases introduce the examples?

The concludi

• The concluding sentence signa
and leaves the reader with imp

In conclusion, gold is treasured not on

It can do this by two ways:
1. By summarizing the main
Or
2. By repeating the topic se

ing sentence

als the end of the paragraph
portant points to remember:

nly for its beauty but also for its utility.

points of the paragraph.

entence in different words.

No

• A paragraph does not alw
sentence.

• For single paragraphs, esp
concluding sentence is h
because it is a reminder o

• However, a concluding se
every paragraph in a mu

ote

ways need a concluding

pecially long ones, a
helpful to the reader
of the important points.

entence is not needed for
ultiparagraph essay.

End paragra

• You may end a paragraph wit
by using an expression like tho

End-of-paragraph Signals
followed by a comma

Finally, Lastly,
In brief, Therefore,
Thus, Indeed,
To sum up, In short,
In conclusion,

aph signals

thout a formal signal or perhaps
ose in the column on the right.

End-of-paragraph Signals Not
followed by a comma

The evidence suggests that …
There can be no doubt that …
These examples show that …
We can see that …

End paragra

Notes:

1. Many people think In co
summary are overused a
use them.

2. Do not use the phrase At
paragraph signal. At last
long period of time," as in
you'vecome home.

aph signals

onclusion and In
and so will not want you to

t last as an end-of-
t means "at the end of a
n this sentence: At last,

Let’s Practice! Greeting

Have you noticed how many differ

can buy these days? In the old day

rack display maybe five or six basic

into the store and choose an appro
Nowadays, however, the display sp

as a soccer field, and it may take a

exactly the right card with exactly

least 30 categories of birthday card

different ages, from different ages,

different relatives, for different gen

a couple, from the office, for dog o

There are cards for getting a job, fo

a pet, for losing a pet, for becomin

There are also greeting cards to se

or "Just because" cards. The newes

"encouragement card." An encour

thoughts and helpful advice to som
these troubled times. In short, there

possible life event and for a few no

Writing Technique Questions:

1. In which paragraph does the
the paragraph, which are not

2. In which paragraph does the
different words) the topic sent

3. Circle the conclusion signals i

g Cards

rent kinds of greeting cards you
ys, the local drugstore had one
c kinds of cards. You could walk
opriate card in five minutes or less.
pace for greeting cards is as big
an hour or two to hunt down
the right message. There are at
ds alone: birthday cards for
, for different relatives, from
nders, from different genders, from
owners, for cat owners, and so on.
or retiring from a job, for acquiring
ng engaged, for breaking up.
end for no reason-"Thinking of you"
st type of card is the
ragement card offers comforting
meone who is sad or distressed in
e is now a greeting card for every
onevents as well.

concluding sentence summarize the main points of

specifically stated in the topic sentence?

concluding sentence paraphrase (repeat in

tence?

in each paragraph

HOMEWORK 3 A Hawaiia

Native people create leg
phenomena in their environ
Hawaiian island Kauai explain
flower that grows on beache
flower looks like half a small d
side only. The legend says tha
lovers on the island was oppo
The parents found the coupl
day, and to prevent them fro
families moved to the moun
couple forever. As a result, th
into two halves; one half mov
other half stayed near the
example of a legend inve
interpret the world around the

Writing Technique Questions:

1. In which paragraph does the
the paragraph, which are not

2. In which paragraph does the
different words) the topic sent

3. Circle the conclusion signals i

an Legend

gends to explain unusual
nment. A legend from the
ns how the naupaka flower, a
es, got its unusual shape. The
daisy─there are petals on one
at the marriage of two young
osed by both sets of parents.
le together on a beach one
om being together, one of the
ntains, separating the young
he naupaka flower separated
ved to the mountains, and the
beach. This story is a good
ented by native people to
em.

concluding sentence summarize the main points of
specifically stated in the topic sentence?
concluding sentence paraphrase (repeat in
tence?
in each paragraph

Let’s Pr

Step 1: Underline the topic sentence in the p
Step 2: Add a good concluding sentence to

paraphrase the topic sentence or su
Step 3: Practice using end- paragraph signa

with one.

You can be a good conversationa
you are conversing with someo
speaker's words while looking at h
smiling and nodding. Furthermore
speaking; it is impolite to do so. If y
speaker is finished. Also, watch you
communication whether you are
instance, do not sit slumped in a c
movements. Be relaxed and bend
interest in the person
……………………………………………
………….…………………………………

ractice!

paragraph.
o each paragraph. You may either
ummarize the main points.
als by stating each concluding sentence

alist by being a good listener. When
one, pay close attention to the
his or her face. Show your interest by
e, do not interrupt while someone is
you have a good story, wait until the
ur body language; it can affect your
e the speaker or the listener. For
chair or make nervous hand and foot
d your body slightly forward to show
n and the conversation.
………………………………………………
…………………………………………

Individual H

This assignment gives you practice in think
suggested topics and write a well-organiz
length). Try to use a specific example to s
Steps to do:

• Spend 1 to 2 minutes at the beginn
them.

• Spend 1 to 2 minutes at the end ch
• Spend the remaining time writing.

Topic Suggestions
a. The dependence of humans on el
b. How to increase students’ disciplin
c. That developing countries should/s
for economic development.
d. The dependence of humans to for
e. How to solve marine pollution.
f. The government should/should no

Homework

king and writing. Choose one of the
zed paragraph (eight to ten sentences in
support your topic sentence.

ning thinking of ideas and organizing
hecking your work for errors.

lectricity.
ne and responsibility.
should not sacrifice civil-political rights
rest and green environment.
ot control television show.

Group Ho

Do you agree or disagree w

It is better to study alone
your college lessons.

omework

with the following topic?

when you are studying

Course Re

Bailey, Stephen. (2006). A Hand
Routledge. London

Coffin, Caroline et al. (2003). T
Toolkit for higher educa

Jordan. R. R. (1999). Academic
English. 3rd ed. Pearson

Oshima, Alice and Ann Hogue (
Pearson Education (US)

Ramsy Flower, H. and Jane E.
Handbook. 7th Ed. Lon

http://libguides.usc.edu/writinggu
http://www.uhv.edu/studentsucc
www.cws.illinois.edu/workshop/w

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eferences

dbook for International Students.

Teaching Academic Writing: A
ation. Routledge (London).
c Writing Course: Study Skills in
n Education Limited. England.
(2005).Writing Academic English.
). USA.
. Aron. (2007). The Little Brown
ngmn Inc. NewYork. USA
uide/academicwriting
cesscenter/style/
writers/tips/summary