Bram Stoker's Dracula - gbv.de

Dictionary of Literary Biography • Volume Three Hundred Four

Bram Stoker's Dracula:

A Documentary Volume

Contents

Plan of the Series xxi
xxiii
Introduction xxvi
xxvii
Acknowledgments
3
Permissions 5
7
Publications by Bram Stoker 7

Bram Stoker: A Chronology 17

I. Bram Stoker, the Man and the Writer ..21

The Author of Dracula 23

A Biography of Bram Stoker-from William Hughes, Bram Stoker: A Bibliography 26
Clontarf and the Bram Stoker Heritage Centre—note by Dennis Mclntyre
Childhood Illness—from Bram Stoker, Personal Reminiscences ofHenry Irving ;
"The Jewel of the Strand"
Stoker as a Poet-Stoker, "One Thing Needful," in A Volunteer Haversack
The Courtship of Florence Balcombe

Oscar Wilde letter to Florence BalcombeTApril 1878
Florence and Bram Stoker
Wilde letter to Balcombe, late 1878
Wilde letter to Balcombe, late 1878
Wilde letter to Balcombe, late 1878
Wilde letter to Ellen Terry, 3 January 1881
Wilde letter to Balcombe, 21 February 1893
Stoker's Reading

The Library of Bram Stoker—from Leslie Shepard, Bram Stoker's Dracula: Sucking Through
the Century, 1897-1997

Facsimile: Page from Sotheby's 1913 auction catalogue listing Stoker's Notes for Dracula
The Passing of a Devoted Friend

Obituary- The Times, 22 April 1912
Funeral Notice- The Times, 25 April 1912
Bram Stoker: The Story of a Great Friendship-essay by Hall Caine, The Daily Telegraph,

24 April 1912
The Debate about Stoker's Death

Death from Syphilis—from Daniel Farson, The Man Who Wrote Dracula: A Biography ofBram Stoker
Facsimile: Stoker's death certificate
A Note on the Death Certificate of Bram Stoker—from Leslie Shepard, Dracula: Celebrating 100 Tears

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II. The Vampire before Dracula 29

The Roots of the Vampire Legend 29

A Short History of Vampire Folklore-essay by Stu Burns 40
Staving Off Vampires in Romania—from Agnes Murgoci, "The Vampire in Roumania"
Some Observations on Vampires, Blood, and Christianity—from J. Gordon Melton,

The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead
Immigrant's Fears of Vampires Led to Death—from The Times, 9 January 1973
Eighteenth-Century Vampire Sightings

The Medwegya Scare and Its Consequences-from Massimo Introvigne, "Antoine Faivre:
Father of Contemporary Vampire Studies"

Seen and Discovered-from Visum et Repertum (1732)

Political Vampyres—from Caleb D'Anvers, The Country Journal: or, The Craftsman, 20 May 1732

Hungarian Antidote Against Vampires—from an Austrian army officer's 1732 letter

An English Gentleman's Report—from a 1734 manuscript

Dom Augustin Calmet on Vampires-from Dom Augustin Calmet, The Phantom World: or The Philosophy of
Spirits, Apparitions, ire

Voltaire on Vampires—from Voltaire, A Philosophical Dictionary

Did Calmet Believe in Vampires?—from Introvigne, "Satanism Scares and Vampirism"

Report of Gerard Van Swieten to Empress Maria Theresa—from aJanuary 1755 report

The Real Vampire—Paul Barber, "The Real Vampire: Forensic Pathology and the Lore of the Undead"

The Vampire Comes to England 57

The Vampire-Heinrich August Ossenfelder, translation of his 1748 poem "Der Vampir" 60
Pre-Romantic Vampires—from Alexander Pope letter to Dr. William Oliver, February 1740;

Charles Forman, Some Queries and Observations upon the Revolution in 1688, 1741;
and Horace Walpole letter to Lady Ossory, 16January 1786
From "The Bride of Corinth"-from poem byJohann Wolfgang von Goethe
From Thalaba, the Destroyer-from poem by Robert Southey
From "The Vampyre"-from poem byJohn Stagg
The Byronic Hero and the Vampire
Polidori's Vampire

A Fragment—George Gordon, Lord Byron, 17 June 1816 75
Harriet Westbrook Shelley on Her Husband-from her letter to Catherine Nugent, 20 November 1814
My Own Vampire—from Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's Frankenstein; or the Modern Prometheus (1819)
The Vampyre; a Tale by Lord Byron-story byJohn William Polidori, The New Monthly Magazine

and Universal Register, 1 April 1819
From Don Juan-ixom. poem by Byron, stanza 62 of Canto XI
An Evolving Tradition

The Literary Vampire Before Dracula-essay by Carol A. Senf ,

Vampires on Stage-from Roxana Stuart, Stage Blood: Vampires ofthe 19th-century Stage

How to Destroy a Vampire—from James Malcolm Rymer, Varney, the Vampyre; or, The Feast ofBlood;
Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu, "Carmilla"; and Dracula

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From "The Mysterious Stranger"—anonymous story in Odds and Ends 96
The Brontes' Vampires-excerpts from Emily Bronte, WutheringHeights and Charlotte Bronte, 98
98
Jane Eyre. An Autobiography 113
Sir Richard Burton 121
Vikram and the Vampire—from Isabel Burton and Sir Richard Burton, Vikram and the Vampire
Vampire as a Figure of Speech—excerpts from Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History; 129

Charles Dickens, Bleak House; Karl Marx, Das Kapital; and Walter Pater, The Renaissance: N
Studies in Art and Poetry
Symons's Vampire—Arthur Symons, "The Vampire"
Kipling's Vampire—Rudyard Kipling, "The Vampire"
Facsimile: Philip Burnejones letter to Stoker, 16June 1897
The Britannica's Vampire

Vampire—entry from the ninth edition of Encyclopedia Britannica

III. Contexts for Dracula

Gothic and Irish Influences

The Gothic Novel—from essay by Victor Sage in The Handbook to Gothic Literature
Bram Stoker and the Tradition of Irish Supernatural Fiction—from essay by Albert Power in Dracula:

Celebrating 100 Tears
Dracula and Ireland—from Clive Leatherdale, Dracula: The Novel if The Legend
An Early Gothic Story ...'..

The Judge's House-Bram Stoker, Dracula's Guest, and Other Weird Stories
Alive with Rats—from Dracula
Stoker's Nonfiction

Abraham Lincoln—from a lecture by Stoker
America's Men—from Dracula
Facsimile: Page from Stoker's lecture on Abraham Lincoln
The Censorship of Fiction—essay by Stoker in Nineteenth Century and After, September 1908
Mesmer—from Stoker, Famous Imposters
Henry Irving and the Lyceum Theatre

A Wonderful Recitation—from Stoker, Personal Reminiscences ofHenry Irving
A Brief Biography of Henry Irving—note courtesy of The Irving Society
The Lyceum Productions—from Stoker, Personal Reminiscences ofHenry Irving
Faust in America-from Stoker, Personal Reminiscences ofHenry Irving
Mephistopheles, Faust, and Dracula-from Diane Milburn, '"For the Dead Travel Fast':

Dracula in Anglo-German Context"
An American Reporter on Stoker—from Stoker, Personal Reminiscences ofHenry Irving
The Beefsteak Room—from Stoker, Personal Reminiscences ofHenry Irving
Lyceum Guests—from Stoker, Personal Reminiscences ofHenry Irving
Sir Henry Morton Stanley—from Stoker, Personal Reminiscences ofHenry Irving

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Arminius Vambery-from Stoker, Personal Reminiscences ofHenry Irving 154
My Friend Arminius—from Dracula
Facsimile: Walt Whitman letter to Stoker, 6 March 1876
Walt Whitman—from Stoker, Personal Reminiscences ofHenry Irving
Bram Stoker, Henry Irving, and the Late-Victorian Theatre-essay by Stephanie Moss
Facsimile: Page from a Stoker letter, 25 February 1891
Facsimile: Lyceum financial statement for Faust
Dracula and Shakespeare: The Count Meets the Bard—essay by Elizabeth Miller
Dracula and Macbeth--from Clive Leatherdale, Dracula: The Novel if the Legend
Social and Cultural Contexts

Dracula, Science and Technology-from Dracula, edited by Glennis Byron
Blood Transfusion in the Nineteenth Century—essay by Goldie Morgentaler
The Typewriter—from Dracula
We Began the Operation—from Dracula
From Sesame and Lilies—fromJohn Ruskin, "Of Queens' Gardens"
Mina on the New Woman—from Dracula
The Degeneration of Society—from Dracula, edited by Byron
A Theory of Criminality—from Cesare Lombroso and Gina Lombroso-Ferrero, Criminal Man, According

to the Classification of Cesare Lombroso
From The Female Offender--book by Lofnbroso and William Ferrero
From Psychopathia Sexualis-hodk by Richard von Krafft-Ebing
From Degeneration-book by Max Nordau
Lucy as a Vampire—from Dracula

IV. The Writing of Dracula 167

Stoker's Notes for Dracula 168

The Notes: An Overview-essay by Elizabeth Miller

Bram Stoker's Working Papers for Dracw/a-Christopher Frayling, Vampyres: Lord Byron to Count Dracula

The First Dated Note—from Joseph S. Bierman, "The Genesis and Dating of Dracula from Bram Stoker's
Working Notes"

Facsimile: The earliest working note for Dracula

Facsimile: An early chapter outline

Facsimile: An early list of characters

Facsimile: A late list of characters

Facsimile: Stoker's outline for chapter 26

Facsimile: A calendar of events in the novel

Works Consulted—from Elizabeth Miller, Dracula: Sense and Nonsense

Vampire Lore j182

From "Transylvanian Superstitions "-Emily Gerard, The Nineteenth Century,]u\y 1885
Emily Gerard and Transylvanian Superstitions—note by Lokke-Heiss

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A Whirlpool of Superstition—from Dracula
From The Golden Chersonese and the Way Thither--book by Isabella Bird
Stoker's Vampire Bat—from Dracula
Vampires in New England-article in New York World, 2 February 1896
Facsimile: Pages from Stoker's notes about vampire characteristics
The Characteristics of a Were-Wolf-from Reverend Sabine Baring-Gould, The Book ofWere-Wolves
"A Very Marked Physiognomy"—from Dracula
Notes on Russian Schooners-from Bierman, "The Genesis and Dating of Dracula from Bram Stoker's

Working Notes"

Facsimile: Page from notes about shipwrecks 195
Transylvania

From Transylvania: Its Products and Its People—book by Charles Boner

Carpathian Roads—from William Wilkinson, An Account ofthe Principalities ofWaUachia and Moldavia and
Dracula

The Dark Side of Twilight—from Dracula 206
From Round About the Carpathians--book by A. F. Crosse
Facsimile: Page from Stoker's notes on Round About the Carpathians
Traveling in Transylvania—from Dracula
From On the Track ofthe Crescent-book by Major E. C.Johnson
The People and the Carpathians—from Dracula
From Magyarland-book by "A Fellow of the Carpathian Society"
The Slovaks—from Dracula
Typing Transylvania—essay by Elizabeth Miller
Creating Count Dracula

The Name "Dracula"—from William Wilkinson, An Account ofthe Principalities ofWallachia and Moldavia

Dracula's History—from Dracula

Facsimile: Page from Stoker's notes showing his awareness of the historical Dracula

Sources for Dracula's History—from Johnson, On the Track of the Crescent; Magyarland; Baring-Gould, The
Book ofWere-Wolves; A. F. Crosse, Round About the Carpathians; and Wilkinson, An Account ofthe Princi-
palities ofWallachia and Moldavia

The Historical Dracula: A Brief Biography-essay by Miller

Filing for Divorce: Count Dracula vs Vlad the Impaler—essay by Miller

The Gothic Villain—from Matthew Gregory Lewis, The Monk; Ann Raddiffe, The Italian; and Dracula

Possible Character Models 217

A Dracula "Who's Who"-essay by Miller :

Whitby, London and Environs—from Karl Baedeker, London and Its Environs. Handbookfor Travelers
and Dracula

Facsimile: Two sketches of Whitby from Stoker's notes

Facsimile: Page from Stoker's notes on Whitby tombstones

Inspirations, Imitations and Injokes in Stoker's Dracula-from essay by Bernard Davies
in Dracula: The Shade and the Shadow

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The Mystery of "Dracula's Guest" 226
235
Dracula's Guest-from Stoker, Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Tales
Preface to Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Tales--note by Florence A. L. Bram Stoker 244
The Origins of "Dracula's Guest"-note by Miller
"Dracula's Guest" and Dracula--from Clive Leatherdale, Dracula: The Shade and the Shadow 256
The Typescript 256

The Discovery of the Typescript—from Peter Haining and Peter Tremayne, The Un-Dead: The Legend
ofBram Stoker and Dracula

Facsimile: Title page for Stoker's final typescript for Dracula
Facsimile: Preliminary note
Dracula: The Original Typed Manuscript-from Chris Coover, Christie's catalogue, April 2002
Facsimile: Page from chapter II _
Facsimile: Page from chapter V
Facsimile: Passages from chapters XXI and XXII
The Changed Ending-note by Miller
Facsimile: Page from the final chapter
A Dramatic Reading of Dracula

The Script and the Performance—from Sylvia Starshine, introduction, Dracula: or The Un-Dead:
Play in Prologue and Five Acts by Bram Stoker

The Original Publishing Contracts for "Dracula"-from Peter Beal, item 100,
Sotheby's catalogue, 10 July 2001

Facsimile: Stoker's autograph contract
Facsimile: Last page of publishing agreement memo
T h e Novel and the Play—from Dracula and Dracula: or The Un-Dead: Play in Prologue and Five Acts

by Bram Stoker
Facsimile: Opening page for the script of the dramatic reading

V. Publication History of Dracula

Reception in the U.K :

Mr. Bram Stoker's New Story- The Daily News, 27 May 1897

The First Dracula--note by Robert Eighteen-Bisang
Review of Dracula- The Daily Mail, 1 June 1897
For Midnight Reading-Pall Mall Gazette, 1 June 1897
The Colonial Edition—note by Eighteen-Bisang

Books of the Day. Dracula-W. L. Courtney, Daily Telegraph, 3 June 1897
The Dedication-from Richard Dalby, "Hall Caine," Bram Stoker Society Journal
A Reflection Not His Own—from Bram Stoker, Personal Reminiscences ofHenry Irving

Review of Dracula—Glasgow Herald, 10 J u n e 1897

Review of Dracula-Manchester Guardian, 15 J u n e 1897
Facsimile: Mary Elizabeth Braddon letter to Stoker, 23 June 1897

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Review of Dracula-The Athenaeum, 26 June 1897 272
Our Booking-Office-The Baron de B.-W., Punch, 26 June 1897
The Trail of the V a m p i r e - * . James' Gazette, 30 June 1897
Charlotte Stoker on Dracula-letter to Stoker, from Harry Ludlam, A Biography ofBram Stoker,

Creator ofDracula
Review of Dracula-The Spectator, 31 July 1897
Review of Dracula—The Observer, 1 August 1897
Review of Dracula-Bookman, August 1897
Dracula at the Beach-from "Chat About Books," Daily Mail, 6 August 1897
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle on Dracula--letter to Bram Stoker, 20 August 1897
Four Main Editions—note by Eighteen-Bisang
Recent Novels- The Times, 23 August 1897
Dracula in Translation
American Reviews

Bram Stoker's Story-Detroit Free Press, 18 November 1899

The Insanity of the H o r r i b l e - 7 ^ Wave, 9 December 1899

New Novels and Holiday Books-San Francisco Chronicle, 17 December 1899

Stoker on Dracula . ~r~. 274

Stoker letter to William Gladstone, 24 May 1897 280
Facsimile: First page of Stoker letter to Gladstone, 24 May 1897
Mr. Bram Stoker. A Chat with the Author of Dracula-Jane Stoddard, British Weekly, 1 July 1897
Author's Preface to the Icelandic Edition of Dracula
The Icelandic Edition of Dracula-note by Elizabeth Miller
Stoker's Abridgment

Shape-Shifting Dracula: The Abridged Edition of 1901—essay by Miller 296
Introduced by Dracula-from "Mr. Winston Churchill talks of his Hopes, his Work, and his Ideals

to Bram Stoker," The Daily Chronicle, 15 January 1908
Florence Stoker's Foreword to the 1926 Serialization-from The Argosy: The World's Best Short Stories
Other Noteworthy Editions—note by Eighteen-Bisang
VI. The Legacy of Dracula

The First Movies 296

Discovery of a Hungarian Drakula—essay by Lokke Heiss 300
Florence Stoker and the Survival of Nosferatu—fromJeanne Youngson, "Nosing Around Nosferatu"
Dracula on the Stage

'His Hour Upon the Stage': Theatrical Adaptations of Dracula-essay by David J. Skal
Facsimile: Page from Deane's script for Dracula
The London Premier—cast from the Hamilton Deane Adaptation, 14 February 1927
Punch on Deane's Dracula-review, Punch, 23 February 1927

From Dracula: The Vampire Play-irom Skal, ed., Dracula: The Ultimate, Illustrated Edition of the World-Famous
Vampire Play

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Contents DLB 304

Liveright's Production—cast from the Deane-Balderston Adaptation, 4 October 1927

A Dracula Revival-cast from the Deane-Balderston Adaptation, 15 October 1977

Dracula as a Screen Star 7.... .""." 318

Film Adaptations of Dracula-essay byJames Craig Holte 337
Christopher Lee on Stoker's Dracula
Filming Dracula: Vampires, Genre, and Cinematography—essay byjorg Waltje
Frank Langella on the Novel
Francis Ford Coppola on Reading Dracula
Dracula Spinoffs
The Spreading Influence

Revampings of Dracula in Contemporary Fiction—essay by Margaret L. Carter 357
Dracula: The Ever Widening Circle—essay by Elizabeth Miller
Sanitizing Dracula—from J. Gordon Melton and Robert Eighteen-Bisang, "Vampire Fiction for Children

and Youth, 1960-Present"
Clubs, Organizations, and Awards
Renfield's Syndrome-from Katherine Ramsland, The Science of Vampires
The Search for Castle Dracula—essay by Miller
The Gothic Castle-from Ann Radcliffe, The Mysteries ofUdolpho; Radcliffe, The Italian,

or The Confessional of the Black Penitents; and Dracula
Schizophrenic Dracula: Romania, the Media, and the World Dracula Congress—essay by Miller
Dracula Scholarship

The Flaws of Dracula--note by Miller

A Critical History of Dracula-essay byJ. P. Riquelme

Stoker's Narrators-from Carol A. Senf, "Dracula: The Unseen Face in the Mirror"

The Narrative Method-from David Seed, "The Narrative Method of Dracula"

A Vision of Monstrous and Meaningless Happenings—from Leonard Wolf, A Dream ofDracula

Sex without Mention-from James Twitchell, "The Vampire Myth"

Vampires in the Bedroom—from Christopher Bentley, "The Monster in the Bedroom: Sexual Symbolism
in Bram Stoker's Dracula"

Women and Vampires-fromJudith Weissman, "Women and Vampires: Dracula as a Victorian Novel"

The Worst Horror-from Gail B. Griffin, '"Your Girls That You Love Are Mine': Dracula and the Victo-
rian Male Sexual Imagination"

Dracula and Jonathan Harker-from Christopher Craft, '"Kiss Me with Those Red Lips': Gender and
Inversion in Bram Stoker's Dracula"

Male Homosexuality in Dracula-from Marjorie Howes, "The Mediation of the Feminine: Bisexuality,
Homoerotic Desire, and Self-Expression in Bram Stoker's Dracula"

Failed Masculinity in Dracula-from Katie Harse, '"Stalwart Manhood': Failed Masculinity in Dracula"

Producing the Text of Dracula-iromJennifer Wicke, "Vampiric Typewriting: Dracula and Its Media" ,

Dracula's Border Crossings—from Fred Botting, Gothic

Stoker on Seward—from John L. Greenway, "Seward's Folly: Dracula as a Critique of 'Normal Science'"

Stoker's Compelling Lapses—from David Glover, Vampires, Mummies, and Liberals

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Transylvania and Ireland—from Raymond T. McNally, '"Bram Stoker and Irish Gothic"

Realigning Boundaries—from William Hughes, Beyond Dracula: Bram Stoker's Fiction and Its Cultural Context

Dracula as Racial Threat—from H . L. Malchow, Gothic Image ofRace in Nineteenth-Century Britain
Dracula and Jack the Ripper-Carol M. Davison, "Blood Brothers: Dracula andJack the Ripper"
Evolution and the Fear of Degeneration—from Bram Dijkstra, Idols ofPerversity: Fantasies ofFeminine Evil in

Fin-de-Siecle Culture

Dracula and the Gothic Psyche—from Matthew C. Brennan, The Gothic Psyche: Disintegration and Growth in
Nineteenth-Century English Literature

A Reaffirmation of Christianity-from Clive Leatherdale, Dracula: The Novel if the Legend
The Bourgeois View of Dracula—from David Punter, The Literature of Terror
Modernization and the Law in Dracula--from Anne McGillivray, '"He Would Have Made a Wonderful

Solicitor': Law, Modernity and Professionalism in Bram Stoker's Dracula"

Checklist of Further Reading 377

Biographies
Bibliographies
Annotated Editions of Dracula
Backgrounds and Context for Dracula
Dracula Criticism
Selected Websites

Index 395

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