TOPIC 1: BIODIVERSITY-1.3

1.3 Domain Eukarya:

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista

Objectives:

a) State the unique characteristics of Protista
b) State the classification of Protista based on:

i. Algae (plant-like):

• Chlamydomonas sp.

ii. Protozoa (animal-like):

• Amoeba sp.

c) State the importance of Protista.

i. Food source (Chlorella sp.)

ii. Pathogenic (Plasmodium sp. – malaria)

iii. Sewage treatment

PHYLUM Chlamydomonas sp.
CHLOROPHYTA

ALGAE PHYLUM
PHAEOPHYTA
Plant like
organism Fucus sp.

KINGDOM PHYLUM Euglena sp.
PROTISTA EUGLENOPHYTA Amoeba sp.
Paramecium sp.
Animal like PHYLUM Plasmodium sp.
organism RHIZOPODA

PROTOZOA PHYLUM
CILIOPHORA

PHYLUM
APICOMPLEXA

UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF KINGDOM PROTISTA

Eukaryotes
Unicellular/colonial / multicellular
Autotrophic: Photosynthetic
Heterotrophic: Ingestion
Reproduce asexually by binary fission (unicellular organism) & sexually (via
fusion of gametes)

ALGAE PROTOZOA

Eukaryotes Eukaryotes,Unicellular
Unicellular / colonial / multicellular Autotrophic: Photosynthetic
Autotrophic: Photosynthetic Heterotroph: Ingestion
(chlorophyll a, b , carotenoids) Most motile
Contain chloroplast Reproduce: asexually by binary fission
Reproduce: asexually by binary fission & sexually via fusion of gametes
(unicellular) & sexually via fusion of
gametes

Habitat: Freshwater or marine

b) State the classification of Protista based on:

Classification of Kingdom Protista

• Two major groups of Protista:
i. Algae (plant-like)
eg : Chlamydomonas sp.

ii. Protozoa (animal-like)
eg: Amoeba sp.

Chlamydomonas sp.

Flagella:
(9+2 microtubules) for
movement

Contractile vacuole
for osmoregulation

Eyespot:
sensitive to light

Thylakoid membrane One chloroplast (cup shaped)
(contain chlorophyll a, b for photosynthesis

and carotenoids) Pyrenoid: in chloroplast,
involved in starch production
Unicellular Chlorophyta,
lives in fresh water Starch granules surrounding
pyrenoid.

Morphology Chlamydomonas sp.
(Green algae)

Unicell (Chlamydomonas sp.)

Photosynthetic pigments Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids
(orange, yellow).

Food storage Starch
Habitat Mostly fresh water

PROTOZOA

Unique Characteristics

• Unicellular, eukaryotic organisms
• Many of protozoan are motile
• Animal-like organisms
• Heterotophic : ingestion
• Habitats:

– Ocean, lakes, pond, stream, in soil and other organisms

• Many protozoan are zooplankton

PROTOZOA Cilia

Unique Characteristics

• Structures involved for movement:
– Flagella (9+2 microtubules)
– Cilia (hair-like structures)
– Pseudopodia (foot-like structures)

Flagellum

Food vacuole
Pseudopodium

PROTOZOA

Is classified
base on the way

of motility

amoeboid flagellated ciliated

Phylum Phylum Phylum Phylum
Rhizopoda Euglenophyta Ciliophora Apicomplexa

Amoeba sp. Euglena sp. Paramecium sp. Plasmodium sp.

Species Amoeba sp.

Unique structure for Pseudopodium: projections of
movement cytoplasm

The pattern of movement by extending pseudopodia.

Nutrition type Heterotrophic
Other unique features Contractile vacuole

Photosynthetic pigments None

Amoeba sp.

The importance of Protista

1. As food source

– Chlorella sp. : this
product is high in
chlorophyll which
promotes detoxification
as well as boost the
immune system.

2. Pathogenic

- malaria is a tropical disease caused by protozoan
Plasmodium sp.

3. Sewage treatment

- the process of removing contaminants from
municipal wastewater, containing mainly
household sewage plus some industrial
wastewater.

Protists purify wastewater and make it less harmful to the
environment.