surface points 43, 43; and distance value calculations 30, 30; and index geometry 106, 107; and morphing 3D geometry 47, 47; and moving points 31, 31; and point geometries 29, 29 Division component 60, 95, 109 drainage see runoff DupBorder command 34 E E (end of pattern) 45 ecology 16, 42, 117–118, 130 elevation 16, 18, 27, 42, 46, 51, 62, 66; data, importing 23, 23; and gradient colors 53, 53; and mesh vertices 38–39, 38; and point geometry 20–21, 22; and slope/spread 34, see also height variation EPW fle 62 Equality component 121 Esri (GIS database) 16 Evaluate component 56, 57, 58 Evaluate Field component 127, 128 evolutionary solving 92, 95–96, 95 Excel Reader LEGACY 109, 109, 111, 113, 113, 114, 116 Excitable Cell component 118, 118, 119 Extrude component 75, 75 F Face Normals 69, 69 FAR (Floor Area Ratio) calculations 92–96; and evolutionary solving 92, 95–96, 95; and foor representation 94, 94; and input geometry/ scaling parameters 93–94, 93, 94 File Path component 62, 62 Fitness input (Galapagos Evolutionary Solver component) 95, 96 Flatten command: and bounding box 25; and cartographic representation 111; and curve geometries 7, 132; and digital fabrication 83, 86; and distance values 30, 31, 37, 48; and FAR calculations 94; and index geometry 107; and mesh vertices 21, 39, 40, 41; and surface geometry 24, 32 forest fres see cellular modeling Format component 68 G Galapagos Evolutionary Solver component 95–96, 95 Genome input (Galapagos Evolutionary Solver component) 95 Geo component 9 Geometry component 2, 2, 3, 5, 23, 49; and FAR calculations 93, 93; and randomly populated points 11, 13; and urban morphology 99, 101 geospatial data 105 GIS data 16, 22, 58 Gradient component 6, 53, 56, 103, 111 grading 16, 66, 69, 80, 130, see also slope grafting 41, 60, 61, 69, 124, 132 Grasshopper: and base terrain models 16, 17, 22; and cartographic representation 109, 109; and cellular modeling 118; Geometry component 2, 2; and mesh geometries 52; and morphing geometry to create feld condition 42–43, 43, 47, 49–50; Move component 5; Point component 4, 28, 47; and point/line attractors 27, 28, 34; and random lines 9; and slope values 57; and spot elevation 68; and sunlight 62; Surface component 2, 9, 28; and Surface/ Plane geometry 6; and translating mesh vertices 35, 35; and translation operation 4, 5, 5; and Weaverbird plugin 49–50 grid deformation 47, 97, 126, 128, 129 grid_code column (ArcMap) 18, 20, 20, 21, 21 ground cover 58, 59, 60, 61 H height variation 9, 10, 11 Horizontal Frames component 115, 115, 116 hydrological function 16, 130, see also runoff; stormwater practices I Imp@It component 19, 19, 20, 23, 23 index geometry 105–108, 107; and area of closed curves 106, 106; and creation of point grid 106–107, 106; and curve geometries 106, 106, 107–108, 107 infrastructure 16, 42, 130, 133 input attractor geometry 30, 48, 126 Interpolate component 114, 124, 132 isovist analysis 100, 101, 102, 102, 103–104, 103 IsoVist Ray component 102, 102 J Join Curves component 82, 82, 83, 83 Join Meshes and Weld component 50, 50 L labeling of data 66, 67–68, 71–72, 71, 72, 74, 78; and cartographic representation 108, 110–111, 110, 111, 112, 115–116 138 INDEX
Ladybug Tools (Grasshopper) 62, 63 Ladybug_Import Location component 62, 62, 63, 63 Ladybug_SunPath component 63, 64 land parcels 93, 96, 105 landform spread/slope 34, 35, 35, 36 landscape performance 64, 65, 66, 116, 133 laser cutting 80, 81, 84–91; and contour creation 87–88, 87, 88; and contour landform models 87–91; and converting to mesh geometry 84–85, 84; creating section cuts 85–86, 85, 86; creating slits at intersections 86–87, 86; numbering/labeling contour curves 89–91, 90; and waffe models 84–87 Length component 103, 103, 110, 110, 111 Lidar drones 16, 17 line attractors see point/line attractors Line component 101, 102, 102, 103, 103, 121; and cartographic representation 110, 111, 114 line geometries 10, 11, 27, 74, 121; and cartographic representation 109–111, 111, 112, 114; curved 130, 131; and slope percentages 71–72; and viewshed vectors 101, 101, 102, 103 Line SDL component 54, 54, 71, 72 Line(In) component 10, 11 List Item component 23, 26–27, 70, 82, 107, 108, 132 List Length component 8, 10, 13–14, 15, 89, 91, 121, 131; and cartographic representation 112, 113; and index geometry 106, 106, 107, 107, 108 loft command 83 Loft component 83, 83 lowest point geometry 81–82, 81 Lunchbox plugin 75, 98 M mapping 16–17, 51 Mass Addition component 37, 37, 94, 94 Max IV Laboratory case study 130–134; and generation of radial curve 131–132, 131; and geometry creation 130–131, 130, 131; and ground vibrations 130 Maximum component 37, 37 Merge Fields component 127, 127 mesh boundary curve 82, 82, 83 Mesh Closest Point component 71 Mesh component 2, 9, 52, 54, 54, 59, 62, 62; and digital fabrication 81, 81, 87, 87; and slope 69; and spot elevation 67, 67; and urban morphology 101, 102 Mesh Edges component 82, 82 mesh geometry 51, 52; and cartographic representation 111–112, 111, 112; and digital fabrication 81, 84–85, 84, 85; and runoff 58; and spot elevation 67, 67, 68; and sunlight 62 Mesh Join component 77–78, 77 Mesh Normals 54, 54, 69–70, 69, 70 Mesh | Plane component 78 Mesh Sphere component 101, 102 mesh sphere geometry 63, 101–102, 101 Mesh Split Plane component 01, 101, 101, 102 Mesh Surface component 36, 84, 85 mesh, triangulated 21, 21 mesh vertices, translating 34–42, 46; and calculating distance values 37, 37; and constructing mesh 39, 39; and converting base surface 36, 36; and creating radius for points 37, 37; and deconstruction into vertices/point grid 36, 36; and moving mesh vertices 38–39, 38; and remapping distance values/ creating elevation value domains 38, 38; and returning mesh to original position 39–40, 39; and Rhino/Grasshopper base setup 35, 35; and surface attractors 41–42, 41; and using curves as attractors 40–41, 40 MeshRay component 64, 64 metrics 16, 22, 51, 58, 65, 87, 92, 101, 104, 105, 108, 116 Microsoft Excel 109, 109, 112 Minimum component 55, 56, 57, 72, 127, 128 Mirror component 132, 133 Morph 2D Mean component 44, 45 Morph 3D component 49, 50 morphing geometry to create feld condition 42–50; and attractor points/distance values 47, 47; building planar surfaces 45, 45; connecting planar surfaces to mesh displacement operations 46, 46; creating grid from surface 43, 43; deforming grid with point attraction 44, 44; joining morphed objects into one mesh 49–50, 49, 50; morphing 2D planar curves 44–45, 44; morphing mesh between grids 49, 49; moving grid points 48, 48; remapping distance value domain 48, 48; and Rhino/ Grasshopper base setup 42–43, 43 mounds 27, 33, 38, 40, 130, 133 MOVE command 1 Move component 1, 5; and cartographic representation 110, 110, 111, 111, 112, 113, 114; and cellular modeling 120, 121; and creating surface geometry 24, 24; and digital fabrication 83, 83, 86, 86, 89, 89; and distributed points 9–10, 9; and grid points 31, 31, 48, 48; and index geometry 107, 108; and mesh/mesh vertices 39, 40; and rotating 3D geometry 13, 13; and slope 71, 71; INDEX 139
and sub-grade 76, 76; and translating point geometry 20, 20, 21 Multiply component 39, 55, 59, 61, 109 N Negative component 40, 76 normal centre 69–70, 69, 70 Nudibranch plugin 122, 123, 129 Number Slider component 6–7; and agent-based models 122, 123; and attractor dynamics 129; and base setup 35, 43; and bounding box 26, 27; and cartographic representation 109, 111, 112, 114, 116; and cell number/ size 126–127; and cellular modeling 118; and circle geometries 131; and curve geometries 73, 74, 131, 132–133; and digital fabrication 83, 84–85, 86, 87, 88; and Divide Surfaces component 47; and FAR calculations 93–94, 95; Landform Height/Depth 35, 38, 40; and moving contours 23; and paving 75, 76; and planting plans 73, 74; and random distribution of lines 10–11; and random population of points 12; and rotation values 8; and runoff 61; and slope 54, 57, 70, 71, 72; and spot elevation 67; and strength of attraction 44; and sun path diagram 63; and surface geometry 24, 29, 33; and urban morphology 97, 98, 99, 102; and vector length 128 O Offset Mesh component 76, 76, 84, 85 open data sources 16 open meshes 12 organizational systems 42, 92 P Panel component 6, 40, 107; and contour curves 91; and creating radius 37; and curve geometry 107, 131; and distance values 30, 31, 48; and FAR calculations 94, 94; and paving 77, 129; and random values 8, 10, 14–15, 38; and runoff 60–61; and slope values 55, 57, 59; and spot elevation 68 Paneling Tools plugin 43–44, 49, 97, 128 Patch component 24–25, 27 paving 75–78; in case study 126, 128–129; and cost estimations 76, 77; generating patterns 75, 75; section cut of 77–78, 77, 78; sub-grade for 76–77, 76 Plane command 6 planting plans 72–74; and circle geometry 73–74, 73, 74; and connection of similar species 74, 74; and randomness 72, 73, 73 Pocket Park Rocheareal Kaiseraugst case study 126–130; and grid deformation 126, 128, 129; and grid/attractor vector set up 126–127, 127; and pavers 126, 128–129; and point charges/translation of grid points 127–128, 127, 128; and vegetation 126 Point Attraction component: and morphing geometry to create feld condition 44, 44, 45, 45, 47, 47, 48, 48, 49; and urban morphology 97, 97 Point Charge component 127, 127 point charges 127–128, 127 Point component 4, 28, 35, 47, 68, 97, 101; and agent-based models 123, 124; and cartographic representation 110, 112; Set one Point 43; and slope 69–70; and visualizing point data values 109, 109 Point on Curve component 72 point data values, visualizing 108–112; coloring/ labeling lines 108, 110–111, 110; creating line geometry 109–110, 109; creating mesh geometry 111–112, 111, 112; importing values/referencing point geometries 109, 109, 110 point geometries 4, 7, 17, 28, 112, 118; and agentbased models 122; and cellular modeling 118, 119; centre 3; and meshes 51; as planes 8; and slope 69, 69; and spot elevation 67, 67; and sunlight 62; and urban morphology 101; vertical translation of, based on elevation 20–21; and visualizing point data values 108, 109, 109 point grids 6–8, 29, 29, 36; creating/referencing from Rhino to Grasshopper 6–7, 7; and index geometry 106–108, 106, 107; and parcel geometries 105; and placing polygon geometries on division points 7, 7; and random rotation values 8, 8; and urban morphology 97, 97 point lists 69, 73, 73, 74, 114, 124; in case studies 129, 130, 132 point shapefles (ArcMap) 17–21, 17, 18, 19; converting to 17–18, 17, 18; importing into Rhino/Grasshopper 19, 19; linking fle path to Grasshopper 18 point triangulation 17 point/line attractors 27–34; and calculating/ remapping distance values 30, 30; and contouring output surface 32–33, 32; and creating surface from moved points 31–32, 31; and dividing input surface into point 140 INDEX
grid 29, 29; and moving surface grid points 31, 31; and referencing surface/point into Grasshopper 28, 28; and substituting curves 33, 33; and surface edges 33–34, 34 PointHicking component 123, 123, 124 Points command 4 Polygon component 7, 7 polylines 22, 23, 124 Populate Geometry component 9, 10, 11–12, 13, 14, 15; and planting plans 73, 73 Project component 3, 82, 82, 89, 89, 93 Proximity 2D component 74 Pufferf sh plugin 76, 99 R Rabbit plugin 118, 119, 120 radial curves 130, 131–132, 131, 132, 133 rainfall intensity 58, 60, 61 Random component 10, 11, 14, 15, 120, 121 random distribution of lines 8, 9–11, 10, 11; and distribution of points 9, 9; and height variation 9, 10, 11; and moving points on z-axis 9–10, 9, 10; and randomly populated geometry 14; and scaling lines 10 Random Split List component 73, 73, 74, 97, 98 randomly populated geometry 11–15; and 3D object centroid 12–13; and placement at point locations 11–12, 11, 12; and random distribution of lines 14; and random rotation 13–15, 13, 14; and scaling 14–15, 14 range imaging 16 raster data 16, 17 Rational Method 58, 59 Region Slits component 86–87, 86 Regular 2D Cellular Automation Model component 119, 119 Remap Numbers component 30, 30, 31, 31, 38, 38, 48, 48 Rhino 3Dand 3D printing 83, 84; and base terrain models 16, 17, 20, 21; Box geometry 2; and contour data 22; cplane 3, 3; creating planar surface in 28; DupBorder command 34; loft command 83; and mesh geometry 52; and morphing geometry to create feld condition 42–43, 43, 47; MOVE command 1; Plane command 6; and point shapefles 19; and point/line attractors 27, 28, 32, 33–34; ShrinkTrimmedSrf command 28; and translating mesh vertices 35, 35, 36, 41, 42; and vectors 1; Zoomextent command 20 ridges 27, 33, 41 Rotate 3D 14, 15, 133 rotation 1, 8, 8, 11, 130, 132–133, 132; random 13–15, 13, 14 runoff 51, 58–61; and area calculation 59–60, 59; and ground cover/soil properties 58, 59, 60, 61; rate/volume 60–61, 60; and Rational Method 58, 59; and slope 59, 59 S Scale component 11, 15, 98, 99, 99, 129 Scale Non-uniform component 26, 93, 94, 94, 95, 95 scaling 1, 10–11, 16; bounding boxes 25–26, 25; and FAR calculations 93–94, 93; random 14–15, 14 section cuts 85–86, 85, 86 Series component 8, 88, 88, 89, 90, 91, 107; and curve geometries 131–132, 132 7.5-minute quadrangle map 16–17 shade 3D mesh model 51–58; and deconstruct domain/color gradient 53, 53; and deconstruct mesh vertices 52, 52; and elevation values 51–53, 52, 53; and slope values/cull slope ranges 54–58, 54, 55, 56, 57 shadow studies 62, 64, see also solar analysis shapefle geometry 19–20, 22, see also point shapef les ShrinkTrimmedSrf command 28 slope 37, 46, 51, 54–58; calculating value of 70, 70; and cull slope values 56–58, 56, 57; direction 70–71, 70, 71; labeling 71–72, 71, 72; and normal centre 69–70, 69; percentages 54, 55–56, 55, 56, 57, 69–72; ratios 34; and runoff 59, 59 Sn¢hetta see Max IV Laboratory case study soil properties 58, 61 solar analysis 62–64; and sun path diagram 63, 63; and sunlight exposure zones 64, 64 Sort List component 81, 81, 106, 106, 107, 108 Split Brep component 26 splitting cell list 97–98, 97, 98; mesh sphere 101–102, 101; output surface 26–27, 26, 27 spot elevations 66–69; and point geometries 67, 67 spread of landforms 34, 35 spreadsheets 109, 111, 112–113 Square Root component 88, 88, 106, 106, 107 Square (SqGrid) component 126, 127, 128; and cellular modeling 118, 118, 119, 119 Staggered Quad Panel component 75, 75 stormwater practices 16, see also runoff Stream Filter component 38, 38, 40 Subtraction component 37, 42 surface attractors 34, 41–42, 41, 46, 46, 133, see also mesh vertices, translating INDEX 141
Surface Closest Point component 41, 42 Surface component 2, 9, 11, 12, 28, 35, 41, 46, 106; and agent-based models 122, 122; and digital fabrication 84, 84, 87; and paving 75, 75; and planting plans 73, 73; Set one Surface 42; and urban realm 97 Surface from Points component 32 surface geometry 6, 7, 11, 24, 24, 26, 28, 122, 133; and contour data see contour data to surface geometry, converting; division into point grid of 29, 29 T Tangent component 55, 55 text geometry 68 Text Tag 3D component 68, 68, 72, 73–74, 73, 89, 91; and cartographic representation 110, 111, 116 3D printing 80, 81–84, 87, 88; creating closed mesh 83–84, 83; large scale 91; and lowest point/z value 81–82, 81; and mesh boundary curve 82, 82, 83; and thickness of material 81, 84 Timer component 119–120, 123 topography/topographic modeling 16–27, 66, 80, 88, 108; and creating mesh vertices 32, 34; from contour data to surface 22–27, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27; from DEM point data to mesh 16–21, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21; and morphing geometry to create feld condition 42, 45 translation operation 1–5; calculating/moving vectors 4–5, 4, 5; and end point locations 4, 5; exporting moved geometry 5; and frst coordinate point 3, 3; referencing Geometry component from Rhino to Grasshopper 2, 2 translation vectors 9–10, 9, 71, 76, 83, 86, 89, 105; custom, calculating 4–5, 4 trees, randomly populated see randomly populated geometry Twisted Box Mesh component 99, 99, 100 U U/V values 29, 32 uncertainty 15, 65, 96, 117, 124 Union Box 25, 90, 99 Unit X component 89, 89 Unit Y component 85, 85, 86 Unit Z component: and attractor values 48, 48; and cartographic representation 109, 110; and cellular modeling 120, 121; and contouring 32, 32, 67, 67; and digital fabrication 83, 83, 85, 86, 88; and distance values 31, 31; and elevation values 21, 21; and FAR calculations 94, 94; and mesh geometry/vertices 39, 40, 67, 67; and moving distributed points 9–10, 9; and paving 76, 76; and slope 55, 55, 70, 71 United States Geological Survey (USGS) 16–17 urban realm 42, 92–104, 105, 116; and block typologies see block typologies; and evolutionary solving see evolutionary solving; and viewsheds see viewsheds USGS (United States Geological Survey) 16–17 UV parameters 7, 84, 106 V Vector 2pt component 4, 5, 13, 64, 64; and cartographic representation 107, 108, 113, 114; and slope 71, 71, 72 Vector Display component 4, 4, 71 Vector Length component 127–128, 127 vectors, custom see custom vectors vectors, viewshed 101–102, 101 vegetation 9, 11–15, 11, 57; in case study 126; and cellular modeling 118, 120–122, 120, 121, see also planting plans; randomly populated geometry vibrations, ground 130 viewsheds, 3D 100–103, 101, 102; distance/length lines, coloring 103–104, 103; and scenario geometry/viewshed vectors 101–102, 101, 102 Volume component 3, 3, 13, 25, 76, 77; and FAR calculations 93, 93 W waffe models 84–87 Walkers component 122, 122, 123, 123 weather data 62, 63 Weaverbird 49–50 X XZ Plane component 77, 78, 132, 133 Z z values 24, 25, 52, 66, 70, 81; and 3D printing 81–82; and color values 51, 53; and FAR calculations 93; of point geometries 67–68, 67 Zoomextent command 20 142 INDEX