Park for the Future

cas e 3 E rva r i ng st u in in E gerton P ark 147 Draft design for the renovation of the Sensory Garden, used as a starting point for the workshops. The original garden for the blind in the 1950s. Adjusted design plan with planned interventions and planting instructions to be carried out. The garden after the renovation works, ready to be planted (March 2013). The garden’s lawn prior to the refurbishment.

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case 1 Parken voor de 149 4~ Ostend | West Flanders [B] The ‘Emerald Necklace’ project is based on the political ambition to organise the green zones west of Ostend (Nieuwe Koers and Duinenkerkje) and integrate them into the urban fabric. After careful consideration, this wish expressed by policy makers turned out to be a far from simple designing challenge. The Emerald Necklace

part 3 6 Best Practice cases 150 Before it was possible to draw up a design, reflection was needed on the functions that these locations on the western outskirts of Ostend were to perform. In other words: what types of green space do 21st century city dwellers need? In addition, an investigation took place into what extent this green zone could be connected to the other green zones, also located on the outskirts of Ostend. How could a connection with the training race track, the De Schorre sports park, the forest on the edge of the city, the creek area etc. be established? During the search for an answer to these questions, the idea of the Emerald Necklace was conceived. The required funds and professional staff were sought so that the study could be conducted thoroughly. The Interreg IVA 2 Seas project ‘21st Century Parks’ provided the opportunity to further develop the project in collaboration with UK partners and external experts. Project objectives and mission Preparation of a development vision and strategy: ■ Formulation of proposals for an urban strategy to include the urban landscape fringes. ■ Delivery of a long-term vision for the development of a 21st century landscape. In this vision, the landscape is a structural part of the urban and neighbourhood development. How can the forces of nature be interpreted, applied and integrated so as to achieve sustainable development? ■ Protection of the rural-urban fringe’s potential in the short term. When spatial interventions are made on certain sites in the future, the general vision & strategy will serve as a point of reference. What developments are acceptable and how can they be satisfactorily integrated into the sites allocated within the overall green framework? ■ Further defining the identity of the various zones while simultaneously ensuring their continuity and linkage within the overall green framework. ■ Implementation of an innovative and sustainable project within the green belt around the city. Workshops The identity of the Emerald Necklace was the main topic discussed at the first workshop. How can the city of Ostend’s green peripheral zones be unified? And is it advisable to unify them? In addition, discussions took place on matters relating to a communication strategy, mobility, connectivity at different administrative levels, public art initiatives and the requirement to set up a project team. The project team that was eventually put together is multidisciplinary and consists of the autonomous municipal company AGSO (Autonoom Gemeentebedrijf Stadsvernieuwing Ostend), the Ostend City Council departments for communication, urban development, spatial planning and public realm, as well as a curator. The principal added value of the first workshop was without a doubt the question: how can we integrate sustainability and climate change into this project? During the second workshop the idea of a twofold artistic preliminary stage was conceived: collaboration with an art photographer and with a writer, who could open up new perspectives on the area through their artistic contributions. As far as the aspect of sustainability was concerned, the decision was made to collaborate with the Greenbridge science park/incubator (www.greenbridge.be). The project was also revised to include the industrial zone of Plassendale in the Emerald Necklace. How can this industrial estate be enhanced with a green layer? Finally, the interpretive materials to be designed for the Emerald Necklace were discussed.

cas e 4 Th e E mera l d N eck l ace O stend 151 During the third workshop, which consisted of three lectures, the focus was mainly on sustainability, maintenance of green spaces and urban agriculture. Finally, the results of the first and second workshop were integrated in the project specification for the Emerald Necklace. This project specification was the basis for the open call organised for this project in collaboration with the Flemish Government Architect. From 60 candidates – interdisciplinary teams who proposed to carry out the assignment – five teams were selected to formulate a proposal. This assignment was rather exceptional for Flanders. This was probably the first time an assignment had been issued in which teams got the opportunity to work on periurban landscapes on such a large scale. This explains the wide interest shown in the call, both in Belgium and abroad. The eventual project definition resulted in a bulky document; all Ostend City Council services contributed a chapter to it. What can the Emerald Necklace mean for young people, sports, community life, economy, nature, north-south alliances, etc.? a summary of the PROJECT DEFINITION: Ostend is primarily associated with its compact city centre and the sea. A less-known fact is that the centre is surrounded by seven districts and by a belt of various high-quality landscapes. The strong urban development structure which integrates green spaces – shaped under the influence of King Leopold II of Belgium – becomes blurred further away from the city centre and gives way to a typical rural-urban fringe. The Emerald Necklace is an ambitious project that aims to give a new significance to the green areas and landscapes around the city. The objective is to interconnect parks, woodlands and green areas so that they form a green necklace around the city on the one hand, and to link the urban periphery to the open landscape on the other. The ‘rear’ of the city needs to become a second ‘front’. The Emerald Necklace will become a new driving force for urban development onto which a comprehensive, innovative and sustainable programme can be grafted. The key words in this respect are: landscape, opening up, connection, sustainability, climate change, innovation, surprise, recreation, art, experience, inspiration, healthy food, water retention, education, nature development, discovery and heritage. The social significance of the Emerald Necklace is considerable. Not only does it meet the urban population’s current need for green space, it also provides added value in the field of tourism and recreation. The project turns Ostend into a green, livable city by the sea, an attractive living and working environment for young families. 13 14 15 ‘T PADDEGAT 12 ‘T EILANDJE GROENEDIJK OOSTEROEVERDUINEN PARKBOS PARK+BIKE PARK+BIKE Green infrastructure as a necklace, encircling the city Schematic route overview of the Emerald Necklace with 15 zones / stopping places.

part 3 6 Best Practice cases 152 SPEECH Doorluchtige Koningin, Herkent gij zelf uw naam nog? Die naam van lang geleden? Wat is er met u gebeurd? Met ons? We leven in een tijd waarin koningen, koninginnen, prinsen en prinsessen terug moeten naar waar ze vandaan komen: naar de sprookjes. En tegelijk hebben we in deze tijden meer dan ooit nood aan sprookjes. Dat soort tegenstrijdige tijden, daar leven we in, Koningin. Wij, de middenstanders en de aannemers en de vissers en de skaters en de kitesurfers en de hoteliers en de krabbenvangers en garnaalpellers, wij hebben u zien veranderen. Er was een tijd dat u vol juwelen hing. Ons Genie, Leopold met de witte baard, versierde u met een Koninklijk Chalet, met Venetiaanse gaanderijen, met een Royal Yacht Club en de Petrus- en Pauluskerk, het kon niet op, kortom: Leopold gaf u, en ons, plekken waar we zonden konden begaan en plekken waar zonden ons vergeven werden – wij hadden tussen ons gezegd en gezwegen altijd een lichte voorkeur voor de zondige plekken. Er bestaan foto’s van Leopold met de sjah van Perzië op de Wellington en aan hun blik kun je zien hoe de sjah naar de paarden en onze vorst naar de vrouwen keek. Foto’s van Leopold, wandelend over de dijk, slank, sjiek, met een elegante wandelstok in zijn handen terwijl visserskinderen met open mond naar zijn baard keken. Of een foto waarop hij onder een tros bloemen zit, al op leeftijd, over zijn licht opbollende buik een gouden ketting voor zijn gouden horloge, met de blik van een oude deugniet. Waar is de tijd dat de adellijke heren en dames uit Engeland, Italië, Spanje, Griekenland en Frankrijk hier in hun glanzende koetsen reden? Dat politiekers, wetenschappers en ingenieurs hier kwamen discussiëren. Dat Stanley over Congo kwam vertellen in het Koninklijk Chalet? Congo, het persoonlijke goudreservoir van Leopold waarmee hij u, Koningin, van kop tot teen onder de juwelen hing. (Soms leken die juwelen op druppels bloed, maar daar gaan we het hier niet over hebben.) De tijden zijn veranderd, en misschien is dat niet erg. We zijn allemaal veranderd, want wie niet verandert is dood. We zijn iets minder adellijk geworden, we hebben iets minder manieren en maniertjes. Alles hebben we gekend: vissers, schaapherders, overstromingen, belegeringen en plunderingen, Duitse duikboten en bommen van de Britten. En na de oorlog: de bombardementen van de aannemers die ongeveer elk belle-époquehuis op de dijk als een rotte tand uittrokken en vervingen door appartementen. Koningin, uw naam werd vervangen door... Stad aan zee. Is dat erg? Koningin klinkt zo elitair, en van elitair krijgen we de tijd van vandaag aambeien. Sorry dat ik het zo plastisch uitdruk, Koningin, maar u weet natuurlijk ook dat wij, Ostendnaars, altijd een beetje ons wilde zeebloed hebben behouden. Iedereen die hier in de haven aankwam, heeft iets van zijn avontuurlijkheid en ruwheid en geestigheid aan ons doorgegeven. Wij hebben graag een grote mond, omdat we vinden dat iemand die stil spreekt en stil lacht niet weet wat leven, leute en ambiance zijn. En wij lachen zo graag, Koningin. Wij lachen zo graag met u en met onszelf. Wat heeft een mens anders aan zijn leven, Koningin, als hij niet kan lachen? Wat is er aan het leven als het niet bruist? En het minste dat een mens van Ostend kan zeggen, is dat het hier bruist. Soms kookt het hier over, maar zo zijn we. Niets aan te doen. Maar omdat wij, Koningin, in het geheim een heel klein beetje heimwee naar u hebben, hebben wij het volgende bedacht: laten we rond onze stad, van Raversijde tot het Duinenkerkje, van de Nieuwe Koers, naar de Schorre en het Geuzenbos, via de kreken naar de Zwaanhoek en Plassendaele, ’t Paddegat en Spuikom, Parkbos,’t Eilandje en Groenedijk, tot aan de Oosteroeverduinen en Fort Napoleon en ten slotte weer tot aan ons zeetje, ons geliefde zeetje... Laat ons daar, om u en vooral onszelf plezier te doen een nieuw kroontje vlechten van planten en bloemen en struiken en bomen. En laat ons dat weelderige, welriekende, wellustig groene kroontje op uw hoofd zetten zodat u opnieuw Koningin kan worden genoemd. En zodat wij, ter uwer ere en voor ons eigen plezier in de winter, de lente, de herfst en de zomer, vertrekkend van Raversijde in een grote cirkel rond onze stad, met de fiets of te voet, in het groen kunnen zitten kijken naar de vogels die elk jaar naar het Zuiden trekken of van het Zuiden terugkeren. En laat ons daar dromen, of als het echt moet joggen en fietsen, en nog liever barbecuen en – een glas heffend – naar de paarden kijken of naar de zeilers op het Spuikom. Helemaal in het groen rond Ostend. Om, als we dan weer aan het zeetje, ons zeetje, gekomen zijn, in het water te gaan staan en met de woorden van een van onze grote filosofen te zingen: I wanna swim with you / in the moonlight / Je veux nager / nager avec toi / in the moonlight. Tekst: Peter Verhelst The artistic preliminary stage: a text by author Peter Verhelst and images by photographer Katrien Vermeire.

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part 3 6 Best Practice cases 154 The Emerald Necklace consists of a variety of landscapes (dunes, polders, farmland, creeks, a forest on the edge of the city, wet meadows) and has a variety of functions. The challenge is to preserve this variety while seeking coherence. The Emerald Necklace is not only a ‘recreational red carpet’ (cycle path and walking trail) interconnecting the different zones, a recognisable identity and a strong brand. It is also a structural green-blue component of the city and it meets the demand for public green spaces in the 21st century. The city of Ostend signed the Covenant of Mayors, whereby local authorities undertake to exceed the energy objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The Emerald Necklace is an important project in the implementation of the city’s policy vision on sustainability. Various aspects of sustainability are the ‘fil vert’ of the project: mobility, climate change, energy, food sustainability, nature development and education, and the North-South link.. The emphasis of the fourth workshop was on the Rother District partner projects. Students from Hogeschool Gent formulated suggestions for the renovation of Egerton Park and for the MasterPlan for Camber. In July 2012 a designer was appointed to draw up the master plan for the Emerald Necklace: TV Technum (Ghent) / ADR Architects and Georges Descombes (Switzerland). During the fifth and sixth workshop, the detailed plans as well as the development vision and strategy of the Emerald Necklace were evaluated. The content of the present best practice guide ‘Park for the Future’ and the final conference of 25 April 2013 were also discussed at these workshops. The final master plan that was drawn up by Technum/ ADR Architects and Georges Descombes contains several structuring elements: ■ the development of new cycle routes with links to the different neighbourhoods; ■ local interventions, like: the construction of new platforms, passages, plateaus, gardens, banks and lanes; ■ the designation of three strategic zones: Les Hortillonages, Nieuwe Koers and the marshland of Gouwelozekreek. These zones will be further developed in close collaboration with the stakeholders (e.g. Ostend airport, the polder management board, VMM (Flemish Environment Agency), ANB (Agency for Nature & Forests), schools and private owners). More often than not, Stad Ostend is not the owner of these designated zones. Furthermore, it has no decision-making power in matters relating to forests and water. Conclusion The standard of this project has been raised considerably thanks to the collaboration with our UK partner and the additional European funds. The green spaces on the outskirts of Ostend are no longer considered to be residual spaces but have become a second city frontage. The original key words – nature, nature development, heritage and soft recreation – have been supplemented by relevant contemporary topics such as urban agriculture, energy, water retention and mobility. In the end, the Emerald Necklace has become our answer to the question: “What is a 21st century park?” The presentation of the Emerald Necklace project in New York at the International Urban Parks Conference in July 2012 and at the UK & Ireland Planning and Research Conference at the University of Brighton in April 2012 put the project in an international context and made it clear that 21st century urbanisation is evolving towards landscape urbanisation, whereby the landscape becomes the motor of future urban planning developments. This project is also discussed on p. 20, 35, 37, 39, 77, 119, 122 en 123. Some of the numerous diagrams, registrations, sketches and design proposals produced within the scope of the Emerald Necklace master plan 1. Computer simulation of an lane with three rows of trees in the Geuzenbos woodland near Karperstraat 2 Section of the airport, Torhoutsesteenweg and Les Hortillonages zone 3. Sketch of an alley in the sports park 4. Photo of the Oosteroeverduinen dunes 5 and 7. Photos of ‘t Paddegat 6. The Circular Line: a circular overview of the different elements of the Emerald Necklace 8. Sketch of the banks for Noord-Ede (Bredene) 9. Overall map of the Emerald Necklace Follow the progress of the Emerald Necklace project on www.Ostend.be/groenlint

case 1 Parken voor de 155 119 Dreef in Sportpark 2 1 5 3 8 7 4 9 6 cas e 4 Th e E mera l d N eck l ace O stend

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case 1 Parken voor de 157 Ostend | West Flanders [b] The area around the Duinenkerkje church is one of the green beads in the Emerald Necklace of Ostend, located in the transitional space between dunes and polder. The area covers about 12 hectares and is currently primarily used as farmland. This zone will become a natural area in the future in accordance with the spatial zoning plan. Duinenkerkje 5 % cas e 5 Du inenkerkje OSTEND

part 3 6 Best Practice cases 158 The paintings of this location by James Ensor, one of the best known Flemish painters of the late 19th and the early 20th century, have become part of the Belgian collective memory. His grave next to the church is an important memorial to his life and work in Ostend. Project objectives The project aims to create a green space that respects the cultural heritage, the landscape relics and the specific ecological values of the area between dunes and polder. The organisation of the space needs to make it accessible for a soft form of recreation and enable visitors to experience nature. Workshops A first draft was presented as a starting point for discussions at the first workshop. General conclusions of the first workshop: ■ The elements determining the site’s identity need to be reinforced. In this process, the focus is on the Duinenkerkje church with its cemetery, the garden wall of the old rectory and Ensor’s grave. The location in the dunes which Ensor painted on several occasions also plays an important part. ■ The area is not of great ecological value, but it has an important scenic value. However, the role nature plays here could be enhanced. ■ The site needs to be made more accessible. The paths and the opening up of the area are preferably to be based on the historic pattern of the fields. ■ The Duinenkerkje church plays an important part as the starting point of the Emerald Necklace. Consequently, it should be the first Emerald Necklace project to be implemented. This is a logical strategy since the Emerald Necklace requires a strong starting point like the Duinenkerkje church by the coastline (where the biggest concentration of recreational visitors and tourists is to be found). Evolution of the project after the first workshop: ■ Phasing of the project, in line with the various zones selected by the city of Ostend from 2012 onwards. The first zones to be dealt with are those that are owned by the city, e.g. the surroundings of Duinenkerkje and Dorpsstraat. The remaining zones will be developed later on, when there will be a clearer view on the Emerald Necklace in its entirety. ■ Refurbishment of the Dorpsstraat streetscape, with a new square in front of the Duinenkerkje church and a separate footpath and cycle path. ■ The construction of the paths through the area and the location of the developed wetlands will completely fit in with the historic landscape structure. ■ Installation of a physical ‘starting point’ on the esplanade near the Duinenkerkje church: the work of art ‘I, James Ensor’ by Swiss artist Daniel Spoerri. Spoerri reconstructed Ensor’s studio in bronze. Conclusions of the second workshop: ■ Participants in the workshop focussed on the elements determining the park’s identity and discussed in detail the surroundings of the Duinenkerkje church with the cemetery, Ensor’s grave and the wall of the old rectory surrounding the vegetable garden. ■ This site is of great historical and cultural significance. The design plans need to be drawn up with sufficient caution and tact to do justice to the heritage. ‘Showy’ new design is inappropriate in this case. ■ Interpretation of the historic remains: the cemetery could be enclosed again like a ‘campo santo’. However, this does not have to be a literal reconstruction: the low wall could remain open at certain locations. ■ Integration of art projects. James Ensor’s work is still an important source of inspiration for contemporary artists. An ‘artistic’ reconstruction of the landscape as viewed by Ensor is an option. The evolution and the colours of Ensor’s work could also be translated into a modern work of art or a spring flower bed next to his grave. ■ Tourists, not residents, usually take centre stage in this area. The project would gain considerable added value

159 through the participation and consultation of the local community with a view to the organisation of the public space south of the cemetery. This would increase the involvement of local residents. A draft containing eight focal points to be dealt with in the short term was prepared on the basis of the workshop: 1. The installation of Daniel Spoerri’s work of art ‘I, James Ensor’ on the esplanade near the Duinenkerkje church. 2. The organisation of the cemetery as a ‘campo santo’. 3. The restoration of the wall around the ‘campo santo’ 4. Integration of the vegetable garden of the old rectory (and convent) into the site. Currently it is completely closed off and isolated. Emphasis on the social significance. Making the vegetable garden visually (and physically) accessible. Integration of the boundaries. Connection to the hollow in the dunes. 5. Deepening of the old ditch around the old rectory and convent. Stimulation of wetland development. Opening up of the hollow in the dunes. 6. Creation of a vista on the spot where Ensor painted the Duinenkerkje church several times. A contemporary artistic interpretation of this cultural-historical dimension of nature. 7. A multifunctional space for the neighourhood for low-level, dynamic usage, e.g. a lawn for temporary use during neighbourhood festivities, jumble sales, sports activities,… To this end a participation process has been started in collaboration with the Information service / Community Development service. 8. Refurbishment of the Dorpsstraat streetscape with a square in front of the church. Use of appropriate materials and textures for the square and pavement of the cemetery, vegetable garden, … This project is also discussed on page 37. Computer simulation of the Duinenkerkje site with a focus on wetland development Photo of the recent refurbishment of the Dorpsstraat streetscape: the car park has been converted into a leisure zone Overview of the sheep paddock and zones for wetland development Sketch of a platform near the Duinenkerkje church as a possible location for block parties, events, child-friendly activities etc. (Technum-ADR Architects and Georges Descombes) Section of the Duinenkerkje zone cas e 5 Du inenkerkje OSTEND

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case 1 Parken voor de 161 6 Ostend | West Flanders [b] Two continuous areas covering over 35 hectares in total and located west of the city and north of the airport have been designated as parks in Ostend’s regional plan. One part is currently used as farmland; another part consists of a horse training race track. Nieuwe Koers

part 3 6 Best Practice cases 162 At present, the areas of Nieuwe Koers are difficult to access and are only used sporadically. The Duinkerkseweg road between the airport and the park areas is oversized in proportion to its use and function within the road system. The park areas constitute the transition between the builtup area and the airport, with a largely open view of the polders. Project objectives The park areas flank part of the Emerald Necklace. The city of Ostend wishes to explore the potential of these designated park areas so that they can play a functional role in the urban fabric. The functions the zone can perform are investigated taking into account the area’s size. However, there are several preconditions with regard to height, reflection, light pollution and elements that could hinder aircraft taking off and landing due to the proximity of the airport. The city is looking for locations to launch a CSA (communitysupported agriculture) project, to set up an astronomical observatory, a site to host large-scale events, etc. A study needs to be carried out as to what functions the area can support and to what extent these are compatible with the intended green character at the level of the neighbourhood, city and region. Workshops The main topic of discussion at the first workshop was the selection of an identity for the site. The Emerald Necklace connects various locations that each have or could develop their own identity. The area around the Duinenkerkje church is more linked with nature while the area around the ‘De Schorre’ sports park is linked with sport. The park areas around the training race track can establish a link with agricultural activities and equestrian sports. The key words from the first workshop include interactivity, involvement and development, polder experience, sense of belonging, working landscapes, food production, vegetable garden / demonstration garden, community and land trust. Although the original focus was on the western park area, the conclusion soon followed that the larger area needed to be involved in the thought processes as well. The suggestion to construct a building on the site was included in the further deliberations. During the second workshop the main considerations centred on the possibilities of a CSA project. However, the proximity of the airport was viewed as a factor that would probably be hard to reconcile with the idea of healthy food production. The participants did agree that a point of attraction was necessary to make the area more appealing. This was discussed further at the third workshop. The possibility of setting up an ‘Astrolab’ would create opportunities to establish a link with the airport as well as a link with nature – which could be integrated into the park layout. The airport buildings could perform complementary functions in this respect. The CSA scenario was rejected for this site. The surroundings of the children’s farm near the sports park and the farm of Buitengoed Cvba seemed a better location for this purpose. The suggestion to upgrade the training race track and equip it for more intensive usage by creating more facilities for equestrian sports was a very useful contribution for future consideration. Opening up the area towards the adjacent residential areas and functionally embedding the area into circuits for sustainable transport will greatly contribute to the attractiveness and more intensive usage of this designated park.

cas e 6 N i e u we K oers O stend 163 Lessons learned The brainstorming sessions have resulted in numerous useful ideas. The workshops have provided us with a clear insight into the area and have clarified its place within the Emerald Necklace. All these elements have now found their way into to the project definition drawn up within the scope of the open call for this project area. This project is also discussed on page 77. Sketch of an lane in the Nieuwe Koers zone (Technum-ADR Architects and Georges Descombes) General plan with zoom-in on the Nieuwe Koers zone drawn up within the scope of the Groen Lint master plan (Technum-ADR Architects and Georges Descombes) Aerial photograph with design sketch for workshop General plan of the Emerald Necklace with definition of the Nieuwe Koers zone (Technum-ADR Architects and Georges Descombes) Photograph of the training race track Proposal by the Ostend astronomical observatory for a new building on the Nieuwe Koers site

2 1 s t Cent ury P arks 164 21st Century Parks C O N C L UDI NG SU MM A R Y

CONC L U DING S U MMARY 165 This transfrontier project has resulted in some key findings for the conception and design of 21st century parks and green spaces. The workshops relating to a total of six projects in England and Belgium involved dialogue with international professionals and students, which improved and enhanced the design briefs and masterplans for the parks and green spaces. The outcomes included innovative ideas for improving accessibility and facilities along with proactively encouraging the use of parks and green spaces through positive design and themed activities for specific usergroups. A successful 21st century park includes a number of key dimensions such as: a strong, clear concept and highquality design that need to be strictly observed by the developer (maybe this is the most important component of all). Contemporary parks are often existing open spaces whose potential needs to be realised in the correct manner. This usually means: establishing connections with the urban fabric and providing the space with appropriate basic facilities. Artistic preliminary stages or tailored activities for specific user groups can create a positive link between the general public and the space. Involving younger generations (e.g. students) in the design process will also no doubt produce better results. The provision of various forms of green infrastructure that respond to 21st century needs will result in an increased usage and ultimately better health amongst the resident population. Another result will be a better quality of life and a more attractive environment, encouraging local seaside tourism and inward investment. By encouraging a range of users to engage in the development of parks and green space and the enjoyment of alfresco activities the 21st Century Park concept can promote community interaction and social cohesion. Throughout the project a significant amount of knowledge and information about ‘Green Infrastructure’ was accumulated. In conclusion it was felt that the standards of the design of all forms of green spaces should be raised to meet the social and environmental challenges of the 21st century. The Interreg IVa Two Seas project provided the opportunity to work together with many experts from different disciplines and allowed partners to attend and present at international conferences where the importance of green infrastructure, planning, landscape design and health were topics under discussion. From those experiences and the 21st Century Parks project workshops it was agreed that our findings on new approaches to 21st century parks and green spaces should be brought together into a Best Practice Guide. The intention is that the Best Practice Guide will assist everyone who is involved in providing or enhancing any form of green infrastructure to view the process in an innovative way. The aim of the guide is to provide an insight into the many exciting opportunities to create new and differing 21st century forms of linked open spaces, improved public realm, landscape corridors, urban parks, and green and blue infrastructure. Using examples of various approaches to parks and green infrastructure design along with the 21st Century Parks case studies the Best Practice Guide can provide ideas and inspiration for new thinking as to the purpose and benefits of green spaces within and around our cities and towns. The 21st Century Parks project is an international collaboration between two coastal local authority partners who have shared the ambition of enhancing the quality of life in their respective areas by improving the design, use and accessibility of green spaces. The availability of good quality sustainable green spaces is recognised as an important attribute, particularly in coastal towns. Such open spaces contribute significantly to the quality of life, attractiveness and economies of seaside resorts. In addition, the European health and wellbeing agenda encourages more healthy and active lifestyles and the provision of accessible green space is a key component of these initiatives.

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