Common Mistakes with Reflexive Pronouns Unquestionably, reflexive pronoun usage is widespread. The most common mistake of all is the misuse of reflexive pronouns in phrases with complex subjects or objects. Here is an example of the former type of offense. Andrew and myself will conduct today’s meeting. How do we know that myself does not belong as part of the compound subject (Andrew and the speaker) in this sentence? Remove Andrew from the equation to see if what remains functions correctly. myself will conduct today’s meeting. Clearly, myself does not work, but the subject pronoun I does. I will conduct today’s meeting. Andrew and I will conduct today’s meeting.
The improper use of reflexive pronouns as objects is just as prevalent today. You may submit your homework to Mr. Martin or myself before Friday. The subject of this sentence is you, and the indirect objects are Mr. Martin and the speaker. Taking Mr. Martin out of the sentence will reveal that myself will not work. You may submit your homework to myself before Friday. Rather, the sentence requires the object pronoun me. You may submit your homework to me before Friday. You may submit your homework to Mr. Martin or me before Friday.
I washed the clothes all by __________ this afternoon. We treated __________ for dinner at a famous restaurant in the city. Allie don't know how the dog managed to let __________ into the house. Cassie and Fimie looked at __________ in the video. Pedro and you walked home from school by __________? My sister finished her own homework by __________. Pass me the form, I shall complete it __________ and submit it before tomorrow morning. Angela played the role by __________. Did you just eat the cake all by __________? No, Jamie and I cleaned the sink by __________! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. EXCERCISE TIME! A. Fill in the blanks with the correct reflexive pronouns.
Example A. He bought the gift for (himself/him). 1. I had to remind (me/myself) to speak dearly and loudly. 2. She thought to (herself/her) while she was in the library. 3. I saw (myself/me) in the mirror. 4. I took a picture of (me/myself) with my new hat. 5. He gave (him/himself) a pat on the back. 6. We had to remind (ourself / ourselves) that it was just a game. 7. Sharon wrote (her/herself) reminder notice to get extra credit. 8. John blamed (him/himself) for the poor performance. B. Read each sentence. Choose the correct reflexive pronoun in parenthesis to complete each sentence. C. Read each sentence. Complete the sentences with "by" followed by a reflexive pronoun. Lucy learned how to ride a bike well enough... Sam carried all the books from the storage room... My parents let me go on a trip to Paris... Joe! You have to clean all this mess... My little sister can't dress up... Jack and Jimm fixed their motorcycle... She prepared everything for Sally's birthday party all... 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
1. My brother fell off his bicycle and hurt him. (himself) 2. Did you see them at the ceremony last night? 3. I don't know her. What's her name? 4. They can't finish the work by themself. 5. Can you see you in the mirror? 6. That robot is amazing. It can fix himself. 7. We studied hard for three hours, so we gave us a twenty-minute break. 8. Did you and Valerie enjoy yourself on your trip to Thailand? 9. My little sister drew this picture by herself. No one helped her. 10. My arm is broken, so it's not easy for me to dress me. 11. Babies can't feed yourselves. They are too young. 12. The kittens played by itselves. 13. The waiter brought the food to us. 14. I need to talk to Dr. Samah. I want to ask her a question about the exam. 15. We watched the horror movie by ourself. 16. They called her and talked to her for like, ten minutes. D. Find and correct the 10 MISTAKES below. Put a check next to 6 SENTENCES with NO MISTAKES.
Last summer, my friends and me decided to go on a road trip across the country. We were excited to experience different cultures and challenge ourself with new adventures. During the trip, we visited many famous landmarks and took lots of pictures to remember the moments. We found ourself in awe of the breathtaking landscapes and the diversity of the places we explored. One of the highlights of the trip was when we went hiking in the mountains. We had to push ourself to climb steep trails and cross rocky terrains. At the top, we rewarded ourself with a stunning view of the valley below. We couldn't help but feel proud of ourself for conquering the challenging hike. As we continued our journey, we came across a small village known for its traditional crafts. We immersed ourself in the local culture and learned about their customs and traditions. We even tried ourself at making pottery under the guidance of a skilled artisan. It was a humbling experience that reminded us of the importance of continuous learning and pushing ourself out of our comfort zone. 1.Mistake: Correction: 2.Mistake: Correction: 3.Mistake: Correction: 4.Mistake: Correction: 5.Mistake: Correction: E. Read the following passage carefully. Find and correct five mistakes related to the use of reflexive pronouns.
myself ourselves itself themselves yourselves herself myself herself yourself ourselves Mistake: Last summer, my friends and me decided to go on a road trip across the country. Correction: Last summer, my friends and I decided to go on a road trip across the country. Mistake: We were excited to experience different cultures and challenge ourself with new adventures. Correction: We were excited to experience different cultures and challenge ourselves with new adventures. Mistake: We found ourself in awe of the breathtaking landscapes and the diversity of the places we explored. Correction: We found ourselves in awe of the breathtaking landscapes and the diversity of the places we explored. Mistake: We rewarded ourself with a stunning view of the valley below. Correction: We rewarded ourselves with a stunning view of the valley below. Mistake: We even tried ourself at making pottery under the guidance of a skilled artisan. Correction: We even tried ourselves at making pottery under the guidance of a skilled artisan. A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. E. Mistakes and Corrections: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ANSWERS (UNIT 3.1) B. 1.myself 2.herself 3.myself 4.myself 5.himself 6.ourselves 7.herself 8.himself C. 1.by herself 2.by himself 3.by myself 4.by yourself 5.by herself 6.by themselves 7.by herself D. 1.himself 2.✅︎ 3.✅︎ 4.themselves 5.yourself 6.itself 7.ourselves 8.yourselves 9.✅︎ 10.myself 11.themselves 12.themselves 13.✅︎ 14.✅︎ 15.ourselves 16.✅︎
Understand reported speech. Practice converting reported speech. Use reported speech in real-life situations. In this unit, you will learn ... 3.2 REPORTED SPEECH Reporting or relaying someone else's words or ideas is referred to as reported speech. It entails restating or paraphrasing someone else's words while keeping the original meaning intact. We often alter the verb tenses, pronouns, and occasionally the adverbs to signify the switch from direct speech to indirect speech when employing reported speech. Direct speech and indirect speech are the two basic categories of reported speech. What is a Reported Speech?
Cindy said, “I didn’t realise it was the perpetraitor. ” Direct speech repeats the exact same words the person used, or how we remember their words. Direct Speech & Indirect Speech We know that reported speech is how we represent other people's speechor what we ourselves say. Let's look at two main types of reported speech: direct speech and indirect speech. Direct Speech They shouted, "Happy birthday to you!" The teacher asked, "Who can answer this question? The direct speech in these instances is enclosed in quotation marks and represents the speaker's precise words. We can use direct speech when describing these claims in order to accurately represent the original words and give the speech greater authenticity.
In indirect speech, the original speaker’s words are changed. Indirect Speech She said that she loved watching movies. He exclaimed that he couldn't believe they had won the game. He told me that he would meet me at the park the next day. In these examples, the direct speech is reported indirectly, without using quotation marks. The reported speech is transformed to fit into the structure of an indirect statement, where verb tenses, pronouns, and other elements may change to reflect the reporting of someone else's words. Indirect speech is commonly used when summarizing or paraphrasing what was said, rather than providing the exact words spoken.
Forgetting to use a reporting verb Common Mistakes with Reported Speech When using reported speech, people frequently make a few mistakes that can be troublesome. Below are some of the common mistakes with Reported Speech. A. Not remembering to adjust the verb's tense Direct speech: "I will call you later, " he said. Incorrect indirect speech: He said he will call me later. Correct indirect speech: He said he would call me later. B. Not remembering to adjust the verb's tense Direct speech: "I love this song, " she said. Incorrect indirect speech: She said, "I love this song. " Correct indirect speech: She mentioned that she loved that song.
Forgetting to use a reporting verb C. Using the wrong reporting verb Direct speech: "I want to go on vacation, " she said. Incorrect indirect speech: She said she wanted to go on vacation. Correct indirect speech: She expressed her desire to go on vacation. D. Not changing pronouns when necessary Direct speech: "We can solve this problem, " they said. Correct indirect speech: They said they could solve that problem. Incorrect indirect speech: They said we can solve this problem. These illustrations highlight some of the common reported speech errors people make and show how how to fix them.
EXCERCISE TIME! A. Match the direct speech form of the sentences with its indirect speech counterpart.
"He works in a bank. " "Julie doesn't like going out much. " "I don't have a computer. " "They never arrive on time. " "We often meet friends in London at the weekend. " "David doesn't have any children. " "I don't go to the gym very often. " "Lucy owns three flats in the city. " 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. B. Change the direct speech into reported speech. Use 'she said' at the beginning of each answer. You don't have to change the time expressions.
9. "I never get up early on Sundays. " 10. "Jill meets her boyfriend at the 11.cinema every Friday night. " 12. "We don't travel much. " 13. "John doesn't live in Japan any more. " 14. "They work in Hong Kong. " 15. "I have to work until seven or eight pm every night. " 16. "I don't want to go to the theatre next weekend. " B. Change the direct speech into reported speech. Use 'she said' at the beginning of each answer. You don't have to change the time expressions.
1. Katie objected it was not fair. 2. The scientist announced she was working on a cure. 3. Toby noted it had been raining all day. 4. Lola remarked that Sally and Susan had eaten all the biscuits. 5. Harry informed Josh that Mike had been made the captain. C. All of the following statements are written in indirect speech. Rewrite each one so that it is written in direct speech. HINT: the verbs that need to be changed are in bold.
6. Emuna declared she disliked aubergine salad. 7. Suresh told me that he was trying to fix a broken handle. 8. The pilot informed us that we were flying over the Andes. 9. The customer insisted that she had paid for her shopping. 10 The children said that they had had a boring afternoon.
Sarah told me that she is going to the concert tomorrow. She said, "I'm really excited to see my favorite band perform live." She also mentioned that she has been waiting for this concert for months. Sarah's friend, Lisa, asked her if she has bought the tickets yet. Sarah replied, "Yes, I already bought them online." Later, Sarah's brother asked her what time the concert starts. She told him, "It starts at 7 p.m." Sarah's mother overheard the conversation and asked her if she has planned how to get there. Sarah answered, "Yes, I'm going with Lisa. She will pick me up." Finally, Sarah's father wanted to know if she has told her friends about the concert. Sarah responded, "Yes, I've already informed them and they are all excited to join me." 1.Mistake: Correction: 2.Mistake: Correction: 3.Mistake: Correction: 4.Mistake: Correction: 5.Mistake: Correction: D. Read the following passage carefully. Find and correct five mistakes related to reported speech.
During the meeting, John said, "I have completed the project ahead of schedule." He mentioned that he is proud of his team's hard work and dedication. Sarah asked him if he has submitted the final report to the manager. John responded, "Yes, I have already sent it to him yesterday." Later, in a different conversation, John's colleague, Michael, asked him what the manager thought about the project. John replied, "He said that he is impressed with our results." Michael also inquired about any feedback from the clients. John said, "They said that they are satisfied with the outcome." During a team presentation, John mentioned, "We have achieved all the objectives outlined in the proposal." He informed the audience that he is pleased with the team's performance. After the presentation, one of the attendees asked John if he has shared the project's success with the higher management. John answered, "Yes, I have already informed them about it." 1.Mistake: Correction: 2.Mistake: Correction: 3.Mistake: Correction: 4.Mistake: Correction: 5.Mistake: Correction: E. Read the following passage carefully. Find and correct five mistakes related to reported speech.
ANSWERS (UNIT 3.2) A.
She said he worked in a bank. She said Julie didn't like going out much. She said that she didn't have a computer. She said they never arrived on time. She said they often met friends in London at the weekend. She said David didn't have any children. She said she didn't go to the gym very often. She said Lucy owned three flats in the city. She said she never got up early on Sundays. She said Jill met her boyfriend at the cinema every Friday night. She said they didn't travel much. She said John didn't live in Japan any more. She said they worked in Hong Kong. She said she had to work until seven or eight pm every night. She said she didn't want to go to the theatre next weekend. B. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Mistake: Sarah told me that she is going to the concert tomorrow. Correction: Sarah told me that she was going to the concert tomorrow. Mistake: She said, "I'm really excited to see my favorite band perform live. " Correction: She said, "I was really excited to see my favorite band perform live. " Mistake: She also mentioned that she has been waiting for this concert for months. Correction: She also mentioned that she had been waiting for this concert for months. Mistake: Sarah replied, "Yes, I already bought them online. " Correction: Sarah replied, "Yes, I had already bought them online. " Mistake: She told him, "It starts at 7 p.m. " Correction: She told him that it started at 7 p.m. C. 1. Katie objected, “It is not fair. ” OR “It is not fair, ” objected Katie. 2. The scientist announced, “I am working on a cure. ” OR “I am working on a cure, ” announced the scientist. 3. “It has been raining all day, ” noted Toby. OR Toby noted, “It has been raining all day. ” 4. “Sally and Susan have eaten all the biscuits, ” remarked Lola. OR Lola remarked, “Sally and Susan have eaten all the biscuits. ” 5. “Mike has been made the captain, ” Harry informed Josh. OR Harry informed Josh, “Mike has been made the captain. ” 6. “I dislike aubergine salad, ” declared Emuna. OR Emuna declared, “I dislike aubergine salad. ” 7. “I am trying to fix a broken handle, ” Suresh told me. OR Suresh told me, “I am trying to fix a broken handle. ” 8. “We are flying over the Andes, ” the pilot informed us. OR The pilot informed us, “We are flying over the Andes. ” 9. “I have paid for my shopping, ” insisted the customer. OR The customer insisted, “I have paid for my shopping. ” 10. The children said, “We had a boring afternoon. ” OR “We had a boring afternoon, ” the children said. D. Mistakes and Corrections: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Mistake: He mentioned that he is proud of his team's hard work and dedication. Correction: He mentioned that he was proud of his team's hard work and dedication. Mistake: John responded, "Yes, I have already sent it to him yesterday. " Correction: John responded, "Yes, I had already sent it to him yesterday. " Mistake: John replied, "He said that he is impressed with our results. " Correction: John replied, "He said that he was impressed with our results. " Mistake: John said, "They said that they are satisfied with the outcome. " Correction: John said, "They said that they were satisfied with the outcome. " Mistake: He informed the audience that he is pleased with the team's performance. Correction: He informed the audience that he was pleased with the team's performance. E. Mistakes and Corrections: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Understand simple present tense Identify and use Present Continuous Tense correctly. Apply Present Perfect Tense in different contexts. Understand Present Tense Forms and Agreement U N I T MY DEAR FRIEND IINN TTHHIISS UUNNIITT YYOOUU WWIILLLL LLEEAARRNN
The present tense is a grammatical category used to represent acts, occurrences, or conditions that are currently occurring, occur on a regular basis, or are typically true. It is one of the most fundamental tenses in English grammar, and it is used to communicate information about the present time. WHAT ARE PRESENT TENSE
I walk to school everyday with my friend. You look like my best friend. They watch movies on weekends. We go to school together. He reads books in his free time. She listens to music while studying. It looks like my friend. The girl studies with my friend. Simple Present Tense: The simple present tense is used to represent activities, occurrences, or moods that are habitual, broad, or facts that are true at all times. It is used to discuss routines, habits, general truths, scheduled events, and permanent conditions. The simple present tense emphasizes routine actions or generally true truths. Structure: In the simple present tense, the verb remains in its base form (infinitive) for all subjects save the third-person singular form, which adds a "s" or "es" to the verb. Subject + base form of verb (unless in the third person singular) Examples:
Before going to bed, she always brushes her teeth. They take the bus to work most of the time. I hardly eat fast food. He works out every morning. Every Tuesday, they have a meeting. Every year, we take a vacation. Every night, she reads a book before going to bed. On weekends, we always clean the house. He goes for a walk in the park regularly. 2.2 Signal Words for Simple Present Tense: The use of signal words or time expressions can assist in indicating the use of the simple present tense. These terms are frequently used to imply periodicity, routines, or general facts. The following are some frequent signal words linked with the simple present tense: Adverbs indicating frequency: always, usually regularly, occasionally, rarely, seldom, never Examples: Every day, every week, every month, every year, every Monday, in the morning, at night Examples: Habit or routine expressions: every, always, routinely, habitually, typically, generally Examples: It should be noted that the absence of signal words does not always imply the absence of the simple present tense. When deciding the tense, the context and nature of the action or occurrence should also be examined.
I'm having dinnerwith my pal . You're preparing for the exam. He is currentlywatching a movie. She is currently onthe phone. We're having a soccer game. They are strolling through the park. PresentProgressiveTenseUsage and Structure ThePresentProgressiveTense is used to represent continuous actions that are taking place at ornear the presenttime.It underlines the action's transientnature and indicates thatitis ongoing.ThePresentProgressive Tense is generated by combining the presenttense ofthe verb "to be"(am,is, are) and the mainverb's present participle (-ing form). Subject + "to be"(am,is, are) + mainverb's present participle (-ing form) Examples: Present Progressive Tense (Present Continuous Tense)
He isnowstudying. They are actively participating inprojectwork. Look atthe the dog chasing its tail. Present Progressive Tense Signal Words The Present Progressive Tense can be indicated by signal words or time expressions. These words frequently evoke a sense of continual action or proximity in time. The following are some frequent signal words linked with the PresentProgressiveTense: Now, rightnow, rightnow, atthe moment Look, listen, andwatch,for example. Examples: Signal words help in determining when to utilize the Present Progressive Tense and improve communication clarity. It is critical to practice utilizing the Present Progressive Tense using a variety of examples and signal words in order to improve your understanding and accuracy in describing continuing actions and transitory circumstances that occur in the present or near the present time.
Present Perfect Tense Structure and Usage: The present perfect tense is a verb form used to indicate previous actions or occurrences that have a relationship to the present. It is commonly formed with the auxiliary verb "have" or "has" followed by the main verb's past participle. The following is the structure of the present perfect tense: Subject + have/has + past participle + object/complement = affirmative. Subject + have/has + not + past participle + object/complement = negative. Have/Has + subject + past participle + object/complement = interrogative? Examples: Positive: I have completed my homework. Negative: He has not yet seen the film. Question: Have you ever been to Paris?
The following are some typical signal words linked with the present perfect tense: Ever: used to inquire about experiences or activities. Have you ever attended a concert? Never: used to express a lack of experience or action. Forinstance, she has never visited outside ofthe country. Already: used to suggestthat an action or event occurred earlierthan planned. Forinstance,they have already finished their meal. Yet: itis employed in negative and interrogative sentences to ask or convey future acts or events. Forinstance, has he finished his report yet? Just: used to describe an action orincidentthat occurred shortly before the present moment. As an example, I have justreturned home. Since: used to denote the beginning of an action or event thatis still ongoing in the present. She has been learning Spanish since last year, for example. For: used to representthe duration of a continuing action or event up to the present. Forinstance,they have lived in this city forten years. Recently/Lately: used to express an activity or eventthat occurred recently. Forinstance, have you seen him recently?
Every day, she eats anapple. The cat meows angrily. He goes for a runatthe park. They share a meal duringnoon. Onweekends,we participate insoccer. Youwork extremely hard inpreparationfor tests. Subject-VerbAgreement: Subject-verb agreementis criticalinthe presenttense.It assures thatthe verb form,interms ofnumber and person, corresponds to the subject.You may generate grammatically accurate phrases inthe presenttense by knowing subject-verb agreement. Singular Subjects:Verbs inthe third-personsingular form are required for singular subjects such as "he, ""she, ""it, " or any singularnoun. The third-personsingular form ofthe verb adds a "s" or "es"to the base form. Examples: Plural Subjects:Plural subjects, such as "we, ""you, ""they, " or any pluralnoun, require verbs intheir basic form,withno extra "s" or "es. " Examples: IrregularVerbs: Some verbs have irregular present-tense forms that donot followthe standard patternof adding "s" or "es"for the third-personsingular. These verbs have distinct conjugations that must be remembered. Examples: I, you, and he/she/it are (verb "to be") I have it, you have it, and he/she/it has it(verb "to have"). I'm going, you're going, and he/she/itis going (verb "to go"). Remember to use the third-personsingular form ofthe verbwhenthe subject is solitary, and the base form ofthe verbwhenthe subjectis plural. Present Tense Forms and Agreement
Common Errors and Dos and Dont's in Present Tense Subject-VerbAgreement(SVA) Mistake: Failing to connectthe verb form to the subject, particularly in the third-person singularform. Do:Make sure the verb matchesthe subjectin terms of number and person. Forthird-person singularsubjects, do not add "s" or"es"to the base form ofthe verb. Example: Mistake: She go to the the shop. (Incorrect) Correction: She goesto the shop for groceries. (Correct) Present SimpleNegation: In negative phrases, add "don't" or"doesn't" before the main verb withoutconjugating the main verb. Do: Conjugate the primary verbwith "don't"for multiple subjects and "doesn't"forthird-person singularsubjects. Use "don't" or"doesn't"withoutchanging the verb form. Example: Mistake:He doesn'tlike to playfootball. (Incorrect) Correction:He doesn'tlike to play football. (Correct)
Use ofAdverbs of Frequency Mistake:Adverbs offrequency are misplacedwithinthe sentence. Do:Place frequency adverbs before or after the primary verb or after theword "be. " Don't:Use frequency adverbs inthewrong places inthe sentence. Example: Mistake: Milah usually homework does inher room.(Incorrect) Correction: Milah usually does homework inher room.(Correct) IncorrectUse ofPresentContinuous: Using the present continuous tense for permanent or universal conditions is a commonerror. Do:Use the present continuous tense for acts that occur at ornear the presenttime. Avoid using the present continuous tense inpermanent or broad situations. Example: Mistake:I am having a bestfriend.(Incorrect) Correction:I have a bestfriend.(Correct) OtherVerbTensesConfusion: Mistake:Using the presenttense incorrectlywhenanother tense is more appropriate, such as describing past events inthe present tense.
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the proper verb form in the simple present tense. Emily ___________ (achieve) in academics and athletics. Michael ___________ (dedicate) endless hours to his photography hobby. Jessica ___________ (aspire) to be an internationally recognized writer in the future. Tom ___________ (pursue) an occupation in protecting the environment. Sarah ___________ (show) great leadership abilities in all projects. My friend and I ___________ (work together) on community service projects on a regular basis. Every weekend, Jane ___________ (volunteer) at a nearby hospital. In his leisure time, David ___________ (explore) several art styles. Laura ___________ (take part) in an international dance competition. My buddy and I ___________ (speak up) in support of social justice and equality. TIME FOR ACTIVITIES
She goes to the park to play. I ordered a cheeseburger for Anita . Anita takes the bus to school. Anita gave a speech at the inter-school tournament. My friend Anita sings exquisitely. She flew to Dubai. Anita tidied up her room. We purchased a new motorbike. My friend Anita plays the piano. My friend and I completed a new assignment. Exercise 2 Anita, my best friend Read the sentences in various tenses and then modify them to the present continuous tense. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Exercise 3:Fill in the blanks in the following text with the proper verb form in the present perfect tense. My friend Lisa(1)___________ (travel) various countries around the globe. She (2) ___________ (be) museums,(3) ___________ (immerse) herself into various tr2aditions, and (4)___________ (try) an assortment of local different cuisines. Lisa (5)___________ (collect) trinkets from every location she's been. Furthermore, during her travels, she(6) ___________ (see) intriguing individuals and(7) ___________ (create) lifetime friendships. Lisa (8)___________ (document) her travels with images and films, which she (9)___________ (publish) on her travel blog. Lisa also(10) ___________ (grow) her knowledge by attending language classes in the places she has visited. She (11)___________ (learn) simple words and (12)___________ (communicate) in the native languages of the inhabitants. Lisa's inquisitive personality and desire to learn about various cultures have made her a well-rounded person. Through her travel experiences, she (13) ___________ (gained) a greater knowledge and respect for the world around her.
My friend don't like to exercise everyday . The group of friends is going for a vacation to Melaka. Me and my friend goes to the same school. There's many pencils on her table. Each of the students have their own desk in the classroom. The cat and the dog in my friend’s house lives together peacefully. Her family are discussing about the upcoming event. My friend's parents is from different countries. Exercise 4 Correct any errors and inappropriate subject-verb agreement in the following phrases. Write the revised sentence. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
AAnnsswweerrss EXRCISE 1 Emily achieves in academics and athletics. Michael dedicates endless hours to his photography hobby. Jessica aspires to be an internationally recognized writer in the future. Tom pursues an occupation in protecting the environment. Sarah shows great leadership abilities in all projects. My friend and I work together on community service projects on a regular basis. Every weekend, Jane volunteers at a nearby hospital. In his leisure time, David explores several art styles. Laura takes part in an international dance competition. My buddy and I speak up in support of social justice and equality. Exercise 2 She is going to the park to play. I am ordering a cheeseburger for Anita . Anita is taking the bus to school. Anita is giving a speech at the inter-school tournament. My friend Anita is singing exquisitely. She is flying to Dubai. Anita is tidying up her room. Her family is purchasing a new motorbike. My friend Anita is playing the piano. My friend and I are playing a new assignment.
My friend doesn't like to exercise everyday. The group of friends are going for a vacation to Melaka. Me and my friend go to the same school. There are many pencils on her table. Each of the students has their own desk in the classroom. The cat and the dog in my friend’s house live together peacefully. Her family is discussing about the upcoming event. My friend's parents are from different countries. Exercise 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. has travelled to has been to has immersed has tried has collected has seen has create Exercise 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. has documented 9. has published 10.has also grown 11.has learned 12.has communicated 13.has gained has been studying has been living has been playing have been learning have been looking Exercise 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. has not been running 7.has she been strolling 8. has not been
UNIT AR TICLES
Simply put, articles are words that identify a noun as being specific or unspecific. Consider the following examples: After the long day, the cup of iced coffee tasted particularly good. By using the article the, we’ve shown that it was one specific day that was long and one specific cup of iced coffee that tasted good. After a long day, a cup of iced coffee tastes particularly good. By using the article a, we’ve created a general statement, implying that any cup of iced coffee would taste good after any long day. U N I T ARTICLES Identify the appropriate use of definite and indefinite articles. Apply articles accurately in sentence construction. Analyze and correct errors in article usage. In this unit, you will learn ... What are Articles in Grammar? There are two distinct article types in English: definite and indefinite.
Pass me the screwdriver, please. The blue screwdriver is too little; give me the red one, please. Give me the screws, please. Please hand me the bigger screws; it's the only one that can hold this painting securely. Give me the screwdriver along with the screws, please. The word "the" is the definite article. It restricts a noun's meaning to that of a single thing. Nouns that are singular, plural, or uncountable can all utilise the definite article. Here are some examples of the definite article, the, when used in context: Definite & Indefinite Articles The specificity or generalisation of a noun in a phrase is denoted by the use of definite and indefinite articles, respectively. a. Definite Articles
There are two types of indefinite articles. When it comes before a word that starts with a consonant, it is the word a. When a word with a vowel in the beginning comes before it, it is the word an. When a noun refers to a generic idea or category of something rather than a specific entity, the indefinite article is used to denote this. Consider the following examples of indefinite articles used in context: b. Indefinite Articles Please pick a card; any card will do. I'd like a drink please; any drink will do. What is an article? What are definite and indefinite articles? What is an example of an article in grammar? When should we not use articles? 1. 2. 3. 4. DISCUSSION TIME!
The general rule of placing "a" before words that begin with vowels and "a" before those that start with consonants has a few exceptions. For instance, the first letter of the word honour is a consonant, yet it is not uttered. The word honour has a vowel sound at the beginning, despite how it is spelt. As a result, we employ an. Another example of this concept can be seen in the sentence below. I waited here for almost a hour! I waited here for almost an hour! Similar to this, utilise "a" when a word's first letter is a vowel but is pronounced with a consonant sound. Samira is an Ukrainian senator. Samira is a Ukrainian senator. This holds true for acronyms and initialisms too: an LCD display, a UK-based company, an HR department, a URL. Exceptions: using a or an
The red dress caught everyone's attention at the ceremony. Carl will bring a small gift to Jenny’s graduation party. She is a talented artist. I heard an interesting story from my cousin yesterday. An interesting book was recommended to me by a friend. Using Articles: Before Adjectives Sometimes an article modifies a noun that is also modified by an adjective. The usual word order is article + adjective + noun. If the article is indefinite, use "a" or "an" based on the word that immediately follows it.
Please give me a water. Water is an uncountable noun and should not be used with the indefinite article. Please give me some water. If you describe the water in terms of a countable unit (like a bottle), you can use the indefinite article to modify the unit. Please give me a bottle of water. Please give me an ice. Please give me an ice cube. Please give me some ice. Note that depending on the context, some nouns can be countable or uncountable (e.g., hair, noise, time): We need a light in this room. We need some light in this room. Indefinite articles with Uncountable Nouns Although most uncountable nouns are singular in form, because they refer to things that can’t be isolated and counted, they never take "a" or "an". Uncountable nouns can be modified by indefinite adjectives like some, however.
Why are you in the my room? The and my should not be used together, as they are both identifying the same noun. Instead, choose one or the other depending on the intended meaning: Why are you in the room? Why are you in my room? Example 2: You took the her pen. You took the pen. You took her pen. Using Articles: With Pronouns The use of possessive pronouns, such as his, my, our, its, her, and their, might indicate whether you are referring to specific or general objects. Articles also suggest specificity, as we've seen. However, readers will become confused if you employ an article and a possessive pronoun simultaneously. In short, articles should not be used with pronouns. Consider the examples below:
TIME FOR ACTIVITIES In each sentence below, identify whether an indefinite article (a/an) or a definite article (the) should be used. If no article is needed, write "No article. " Rewrite the sentence with the correct article or without an article. Example: I saw _____ dog in the park. (a/the/No article) Answer: I saw a dog in the park. 1.Sarah bought ______ new dress for the party. (a/an/the/No article) 2. _______ cat ran across the street. (a/an/the/No article) 3. We went to _______ beach yesterday. (a/an/the/No article) 4. He is _______ best player on the team. (a/an/the/No article) 5. I want to be _______ doctor when I grow up. (a/an/the/No article) 6. Can you pass me _______ salt, please? (a/an/the/No article) 7. My brother is _______ engineer. (a/an/the/No article) 8. Let's go to _______ movie tonight. (a/an/the/No article) 9. _______ apple a day keeps the doctor away. (a/an/the/No article) 10. I need to buy _______ milk from the store. (a/an/the/No article) EXERCISE 1.1
1.She is ______ honourable person. (a/an) 2. He is ______ European citizen. (a/an) 3. They have ______ unique perspective. (a/an) 4. I need ______ apple for the recipe. (a/an)5. 5. He is ______ honest man. (a/an) 6. We visited ______ historic castle. (a/an) 7. She is ______ talented musician. (a/an) 8. He is ______ university professor. (a/an) 9. I have ______ urgent matter to discuss. (a/an) 10. We saw ______ elephant at the zoo. (a/an) In each sentence below, determine whether to use "a" or "an" based on the pronunciation of the following word. EXERCISE 1.2