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MOLECULE OF LIFE and
cell structures and

functions

name: FAZDHILA NABILA BINTI SHARIFF

no matric: BAHARUDDIN

MS2213105156
practikum: H7T01B

QUESTIONS D



LIST QUESTION



State the main types of molecules of life.

Classify protein into three main classes according to their structure and
composition.
explain how this can be done in relation with the structure of hair protein
Differentiate the theree types of muscle cells in terms of their structure.

Tip to Presenter: Set a time limit for yourself by using the timer located on the lower left side.

lovely quotes ;

Our world is built on biology and
once we begin to understand it, it

then becomes a tecnology

02 CARBOHYDRATES Q1

State the main types of
molecules of life

01 WATER

03 PROTEIN

04 LIPID

Back to Agenda 05 DNA & RNA

polypeptide chains PROTEIN
organised as long strands
classification according to structure and
stable structures wont composition
dissolves in water.
role in mechanical & fibrous protein
structural functions

eg : collagen & keratin

polypeptides folded into
globular protein
spherical shape conjugated protein

unstable structure, may form
proteins with non- protein
colloids in water material (prosthetic
group) within their
generally for metabolic & structure
chemical process eg: glycoprotein &
lipoprotein
eg : enzymes & haemoglobin

examples;




glycoprotein

collagen enzyme Conjugated protein
Globular protein
Fibrous protein

a girl with curly hair would like to hair - made of fibrous
make her hair straight
protein called keratin
solution using the concept of
denaturation protein denaturation is a process modifying the
molecule of a protein . It involves the
breaking of the weak linkages or bonds
such as hydrogen bonds . In case of
straighthen hair from curly , it involves the


denaturation process which will break the

hydrogen bond in a hair through high
temperatures and by small polar
molecules (water molecules).
hydrogen bond - these are temporary
bonds which, when heat is applied, can
change the style of hair.

ANSWER

, one of the reasons hair is curly is because of hydrogen bonds between the proteins
(keratin) that make up your hair . one of the way to alter the hydrogen bond is with
heat . Heat from the flat iron will occur protein denaturation through the break of
the hydrogen bond . The breakdown of hydrogen bond causes keratin to lose its
original comfirmation and lose its ability to function . The platters on electric
straighteners are flat so that when your hair cools it will take the shape of "flat" as
the hydrogen bonds reform.
straighthen hair also can made by using reducing agent such as ammonium
thioglycolate (perm salt) to break the disulfide bond through the denaturation
process too. This will change the shape of the bond in a hair.
But this doesnt stay for a long perioud since the protein in a hair can be renatured
that will restored to its correct folding . If the denaturated proteins remains in
aqueous environment and the denaturing agent is removed, it may renature back to
the normal.

type of muscle ;

smooth
muscle striate
d muscle cardia
c muscle

Responsible for involuntary Involve for voluntary activities involve for involuntary activities
Contract slower t
han skeletal muscle
Contract for long periods without fatigue Powerful, rapid contraction Moderate rapid , powerful



Peristalsis in the digestive tracts Long refractory periods
fatigues quickly ,does not fatigue
Help the movemen
t of food along
the digestive tracts. Movement of the organs and skeleton Contraction is for pumping the blood
throu
gh heart
Movement of eyeball and the
tog
ue The walls
of the heart

Digestive tract consist of filaments :

urinary bladder actin &
mysosin
uter
us
attached to the skeletons
blood vessels

elongated
spindle-shaped

pointed ends

unstriated

single cell,
centre nucleus

cylindrical has many nucleus ,

long muscle called fibers located below the
plasma membrane

cylindrical branched fibers
interconnect via intercalated disc

striated
has elongated

different of muscle cell structure

SMOOTH MUSCLE STRIATED MUSCLE CARDIAC MUSCLE

spindle-shaped cylindrical shaped cylinsrical branches fibers

central nucleus nucleus at below surface nucleus placed below plasma
membrane membrane

unstriated striated striated

each muscle cell have different structure. muscle cell are shape in spindle-
shaped me
anwhile, striated muscle are in cylindrical shaped , and cardiac cell
are also in cylindrical branches fibers. Secondly, the arrangement of nucleus
also at different place . nucleus of smooth muscle are located at centre cell ,
meanwhile nucleus of striated and cardiac muscle are placed at below plasma
membrane. Lastly , smooth muscle are non striated cell while the other two
types of muscle are striated cell.

reference

unknown . (n.d) . keratin
http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-collagen-and-keratin/

jcwhizz . 2007 . enzyme . https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Enzyme_structure_and_function



Haripriyamunipalli . 2021 . glycoprotein
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-glycoproteins-definition-functions-examples.html



Akanksha shah shangvi . 2021 . rebonding process
https://www.emedihealth.com/skin-beauty/hair-scalp/hair-rebonding-process



Nuchnapq tangboriboon . May 2013 . denaturation
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Protein-denaturation_fig2_258150847



shutterstock . 2003 . muscle cell
https://www.shutterstock.com/search/striated-muscle-cell



unknown . (n.d) . smooth muscle
https://www.antibody-creativebiolabs.com/category/smooth-muscle-60.htm



unknown . (n.d) .cardiac muscle
https://www.getbodysmart.com/circulatory-system/cardiac-

Thyoaun!k