PHYSICAL CONTRADICTION PREPARED BY NAUFAL HAFIZ DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY - FORM 2 NOVEMBER 2023
PHYSICAL CONTRADICTION TOPICS Exercises Sketch the Changes Justify the Changes Picking an Inventive Principle Physical Contradiction 5 4 3 2 1
Physical contradiction refers to a situation where improving one parameter or characteristic of a system seems to worsen another. Example of parameters : area, length, time, volume. In simpler terms, it's a scenario where making something better in one way seems to make it worse in another way. PHYSICAL CONTRADICTION PHYSICAL CONTRADICTION
Parameters Physical Contradiction Size Large - Small Weight Heavy - Light Height Tall - Short Separation in Space Separation in Time PHYSICAL CONTRADICTION For example, a table. Several parameters can be chosen to fit our needs or improve but might run into some contradictions later. WIDTH LENGTH AREA SIZE HEIGHT / TALL DIAMETER OF LEGS How do we solve this contradictions? There are two methods to choose from. Parameters
PHYSICAL CONTRADICTION WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? If the contradictions are happening at the same time. Then, it is called Separation in Space. If the contradictions do not happen at the same time. Then, it is called Separation in Time. MORE IN-DEPTH OVERVIEW Object Chair Physical Contradiction High - Short Situation High chair for tall student and Short chair for short student To determine the method Does the chair need to be high and short at the same time? Yes Because student height varies Method to use Separation in Space EXAMPLE 1
Object Tent Physical Contradiction Big - Small Situation Big tent for use (for camping) and Small tent for easy packing and bring To determine the method Does the tent need to be big and small at the same time? No Because when the tent is in use (for camping), packing the tent is at another time. Method to use Separation in Time EXAMPLE 2 PHYSICAL CONTRADICTION Now what? Inventive Problem-Solving Phase! After a method has been chosen, it is time to choose an inventive principle within the method to solve the physical contradiction problem earlier.
INVENTIVE PRINCIPLE FOR SEPARATION IN SPACE Suggested Inventive Principle Explanation Example Segmentation Dividing an object into independent parts. DIY Furnitures Taking out / Extraction Separate an interfering part or property from an object. Air conditioner compressor unit is placed outside the house Local quality Change an object’s structure from uniform to non-uniform. Make each part of an object fulfill a different and useful function. Pencil with eraser Nested doll Place one object inside another, place each object, in turn, inside the other. Radio antenna that can be extended and shorten Flexible shell and Thin film Isolate an object from its outside environment with flexible shells or thin films. - Plastic food wrapper - Windshield . . . PICKING AN INVENTIVE PRINCIPLE
INVENTIVE PRINCIPLE FOR SEPARATION IN SPACE Suggested Inventive Principle Explanation Example Intermediary Introduce a new section between two objects. Temporarily connect the original object to one that is easily removed. Oven mitts gloves become Intermediary between hands and very hot object from an oven Asymmetry Change the shape of an object from symmetrical to asymmetry. Hair style PICKING AN INVENTIVE PRINCIPLE * https://tips.clip-studio.com/en-us/articles/2252 *
INVENTIVE PRINCIPLE FOR SEPARATION IN TIME Suggested Inventive Principle Explanation Example Dynamization Divide an object into parts capable of movement relative to each other. Changing from a static object to have parts of the object movable or adaptive. Expandable table Preliminary action Take early action to control risk. Air beg in the vehicles Periodic action Change a continuous action to periodic action. Timed switch of street lights Partial or excessive action If the object is 100% hard to achieve using a given solution method; Then use “slightly less” or “slightly more” of the solution method. Using a bigger hammer to break a concrete floor . . . PICKING AN INVENTIVE PRINCIPLE
INVENTIVE PRINCIPLE FOR SEPARATION IN TIME Suggested Inventive Principle Explanation Example Thermal expansion Use thermal expansion (or contraction) of materials to an object. - Circuit breaker - Thermostat Discarding and recovering Discard the part that has performed its function. After the object has completed its function, the element of the object is rejected (discarded, dissolved, evaporated, others) OR modified. Medicine capsule can be dissolved Continuity of useful action Carry on work continuously. - Watches / Clock - Machines that generate electricity PICKING AN INVENTIVE PRINCIPLE
JUSTIFY THE CHANGES JUSTIFY PROPOSED DESIGN CHANGES BASED ON THE SELECTED INVENTIVE PRINCIPLES Let’s take our table example from earlier. It has several parameters that we can change that have their physical contradictions. Object Table Physical Contradiction Heavy - Light Situation Table should be heavy to be able to withstand many loads and Needs to be light to easily move the table To determine the method Does the table need to be heavy and light at the same time? No Because the table is used to hold many loads while to easily move the table is at another time. Method to use Separation in Time PHYSICAL CONTRADICTIONS: HEAVY VS LIGHT TABLE
(too heavy for one person to move) JUSTIFY THE CHANGES Referring from the table, the table is expected to be heavy so that the table can accommodate a large load on it. For example, place books, a computer, a printer, and other stuff. Usually, to make the table even more sturdy, the legs of the table are made out of iron or steel. This will solve the problem of the table being unstable to withstand many loads. BUT…. solving the problem above has created another problem. Because the table is now heavier than before, it becomes a challenge to move the table now. Requiring more manpower is needed to move the table.
Chosen Inventive Principle : Dynamization Suggested Changes to the Design Suggestion A: The legs of the table can be removed by using the concept of a screw connection that can be opened or installed back. Suggestion B: Installing wheels on the end of the leg of the table to make the table easy to move. SKETCH : SUGGESTION A SKETCH : SUGGESTION B SKETCH THE CHANGES PRODUCT SKETCHES TO SOLVE INVENTIVEPROBLEMS
EXERCISES 1. What are the physical contradictions for… 2. List down two methods of contradictions 3. “Eric wants the table to be small during normal days but big during special occasions events” Which method of separation fits the context above? 4. “Hazim is tall but Siti is short. They need a chair to sit on during class” Which method of separation fits with the context above? 5. List down three parameters in a table 8, 9, 10. Fill in the blanks. a. Size : b. Height : - - a. Separation in Space b. Separation in Time a. Separation in Space b. Separation in Time - - - 6. Define physical contradiction - 7. How to determine when to choose Separation in Space? - Question 8 Situation A modern smartwatch that can tell the time, heart rate, weather, activity report Method Separation in Space Suggested Principle Question 9 Situation Instead of making plastic bottles non-recyclable, we should make water bottles biodegradable Method Separation in Time Suggested Principle Question 10 Situation This power supply needs to be on at all times! Because it is connected to the Internet router! Method Separation in Time Suggested Principle
Question 8 Situation A modern smartwatch that can tell the time, heart rate, weather, activity report Method Separation in Space Suggested Principle Local quality Question 9 Situation Instead of making plastic bottles non-recyclable, we should make water bottles biodegradable Method Separation in Time Suggested Principle Discarding and Recovering Question 10 Situation This power supply needs to be on at all times! Because it is connected to the Internet router! Method Separation in Time Suggested Principle Continuity of useful action EXERCISES // ANSWERS 1. What are the physical contradictions for… 2. List down two methods of contradictions 3. “Eric wants the table to be small during normal days but big during special occasions events” Which method of separation fits the context above? 4. “Hazim is tall but Siti is short. They need a chair to sit on during class” Which method of separation fits with the context above? 5. List down three parameters in a table 8, 9, 10. Fill in the blanks. a. Size : Large - Small b. Height : Tall - Short - Separation in Space - Separation in Time a. Separation in Space b. Separation in Time a. Separation in Space b. Separation in Time - Size - Weight - Height 6. Define physical contradiction A situation where improving one parameter of a system seems to worsen another. 7. How to determine when to choose Separation in Space? When the contradictions are happening at the same time.