Urban Infrastructure
Development Scheme For
Small And Medium Towns
City Development Plan 2031
Kolhapur
Industrial Hub, Tourist Attraction, Robust Infrastructure,
Knowledge industry
The Destination: KOLHAPUR
I am heartened to know that Kolhapur has developed a firm vision for its future in
the form of the City Development Plan.
Kolhapur occupies a cherished position in the state of Maharashtra, be it in the
field of agriculture, arts or industry. From ancient times it has made valuable
contributions to Marathi culture and indeed to the Indian society, especially in the
areas of Marathi film industry, food, religion and literature.
It is a continuous endeavor of the State Government of Maharashtra to ensure
that all its citizens have access to basic infrastructure, a better standard of life
and proper opportunities to earn their livelihood. The schemes of Central
Government like JNNURM and UIDSSMT provide the tools to support this vision
for Maharashtra.
Kolhapur has utilized the opportunity provided by UIDSSMT by defining a
systematic vision and action plan to upgrade Kolhapur’s urban infrastructure and
administrative machinery. The process of preparing the City Development Plan
ensured that all the stakeholders of the city had a say in defining the vision. The
City Development Plan envisages the future status of Kolhapur as a hub for
industries – engineering, IT and agro based, famous as a tourist location with
efficient urban services.
I commend and congratulate the Kolhapur Municipal Corporation and the citizens
of Kolhapur for contributing to this significant step towards development of
Kolhapur. I appeal to other cities and towns in Maharashtra to follow the example
set by Kolhapur and plan for their own development. I wish all the best to
Kolhapur for implementing and getting the fruits of this City Development Plan.
Vilasrao Deshmukh
Chief Minister
Maharashtra
Located at the gateway of Konkan, Kolhapur enjoys the status of a traditional,
beautiful and economically developed city. It has always been treated as an
important city in Maharashtra, indeed in India, especially in the areas of
agriculture, industries and culture.
Today when India is at the doorstep of attaining the status of an economic
superpower, Kolhapur does not want to be left behind and actually intends to
contribute to India’s economic development.
To do this, the city’s basic foundation consisting of physical infrastructure,
administrative framework and economic functions need to be strong. Kolhapur
has developed a City Development Plan with this vision of strengthening its basic
foundations. The plan has been derived from a comprehensive process involving
inputs form technical experts, public representatives, citizens of Kolhapur and
municipal administration. The Plan enables Kolhapur to access funds from
Government of India and Government of Maharashtra under UIDSSMT.
The result of the process if now brought together in the form of this plan,
documenting the vision for the city and roadmap for achieving the vision. I
congratulate the citizens of Kolhapur for contributing to the welfare of the coming
generations. I appreciate the efforts of Kolhapur Municipal Corporation for
facilitating the same.
Jai Maharashtra
Rajesh Tope
Minister of State for Urban Development
Maharashtra
The city of Kolhapur, famously known as the Dakshin Kashi, has always been an
important industrial as well as cultural hub. Situated on the banks of the river
Panchganga, the city is archaeologically an important place in India, famous for
the ancient and aesthetically beautiful temple of goddess Mahalaxmi. Being the
headquarters of the Kolhapur district, it is recognised as an important religious
and commercial centre of the region and is well-connected by road, rail and air
The Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns
(UIDSSMT) provides an impetus to the development of Kolhapur’s burgeoning
economy.
As a requirement of the Scheme, the City Development Plan (CDP) has been
prepared by the Kolhapur Municipal Corporation in consultation with it’s citizens.
The CDP outlines the vision for the growth of Kolhapur into “An hub for industries
– engineering, IT and agro-based, famous as a tourist location with efficient
urban services”. Besides, the Plan also identifies specific strategies and actions
to realise this vision.
I would like to commend the Kolhapur Municipal Corporation and the citizens of
Kolhapur for jointly evolving this comprehensive and inspiring Plan for the city. I
wish the Corporation all success in implementing this Plan and hope that the
citizens of Kolhapur will wholeheartedly support the Corporation’s efforts in
realising this great vision.
Jai Maharashtra
Harshavardhan Patil
Guardian Minister
Kolhapur
I am very happy to inform the citizens of Kolhapur that the City Development
Plan for Kolhapur city, with the horizon year of 2031 has been prepared under
the able supervision of Municipal Commissioner of Kolhapur Shri Kunal Kumar.
Kolhapur has always been in the forefront of development, be it economic, social
or cultural. From centuries immemorial, Kolhapur has been known for its
prosperity, tradition, arts and culture. It is now our duty to maintain the
honourable position of our city for the future.
As part of this intention of preparing the city to face the challenges of the future
and to promise a better quality of life for our citizens, this City Development Plan
has been prepared. It is the people’s vision for the city communicated in terms of
planned investments in the city’s infrastructure and strengthening the capacity of
the Corporation. The document has been prepared in close consultation with the
citizens of the city. I am sure that the involvement of the citizens will bring to fore
the real challenges of the city.
I would like to congratulate Shri Kunal Kumar and his team and acknowledge
their efforts in bringing out this comprehensive document. I am sure that in the
coming years this document will guide the efforts of the corporation in the right
direction.
Jai Maharashtra
Sou. Saee Ajit Kharade
Mayor
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation
Famous as Dakshin Kashi, since ancient times, Kolhapur is a holy place in the
state of Maharashtra. Located on the banks of the river Panchganga, with a
population of about 4.85 lakhs, covering an area of 66.82 sq.kms, the city is an
important religious and commercial centre of the region. Predominantly famous
for the ancient and aesthetically beautiful Mahalaxmi temple, the manufacture of
leather chappals and the sport of wrestling; the city has a strong engineering and
agricultural industry, good connectivity and a conducive climate. The city has all
the ingredients for emerging as an industrial hub as well as a tourism location.
The Kolhapur Municipal Corporation, established in 1972 under the Bombay
Provincial Municipal Corporation (BPMC) Act, 1949 is the local body responsible
for providing basic civic amenities to the citizens and in improving the economic
and social infrastructure of the city. The Corporation, with good support from its
officials, elected representatives and citizens, has always been in the forefront of
accepting and implementing various contemporary ideas and developmental
works.
The Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns
(UIDSSMT), launched by the Government of India in FY 2005-2006, provides an
opportunity to the city of Kolhapur to close the widening gap between existing
and desired levels of service delivery. The scheme will ensure improvement and
augmentation of service delivery, economic infrastructure, social infrastructure,
governance and financial sustainability.
The City Development Plan (CDP) has been prepared by the Kolhapur Municipal
Corporation as a step to access the funds under UIDSSMT. It is the
Corporation’s strategy that presents the vision for the city, the actions to achieve
the same, the financial sustainability of the Corporation and the investments
needed for achieving the vision. The CDP prepared by the Corporation with the
continuous involvement of the citizens paves the way for achieving the vision of
making Kolhapur the “Hub for industries and Tourism Destination with efficient
urban services”. The CDP has been developed in close consultation with KMC
officials, business groups, industry associations, educational institutions,
entrepreneurs, NGOs, CII, companies from IT sector milk association, temple
committee and citizens at large.
The city has potential to become a hub for the knowledge industry. The Hon’ble
Chief Minister of the State has already declared Kolhapur as the next IT
destination of the state. The city offers a supportive investment climate for the IT
industries. Besides, IT, agro processing industries, textile, gems and jewellery
could be major drivers for the economy of the City in the coming future. The City
is beckoning the future with great hopes and aspirations.
It is indeed gratifying that the citizens have provided their continuous support and
valuable time in the formulation of the CDP. I would sincerely like to acknowledge
the efforts of all the citizens and the concerned staff of the Kolhapur Municipal
Corporation. I am pleased to place the City Development Plan before the citizens
of Kolhapur.
Kunal Kumar, IAS
Commissioner,
Kolhapur Muncipal Corpoartion
Kolhapur City Development Plan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
1 BACKGROUND 1
2
1.1 City Development Plan 3
1.2 Objectives of CDP
1.3 Kolhapur CDP Process 4
2 ABOUT KOLHAPUR CITY 4
4
2.1 Culture and Heritage 5
2.2 Location and Area 5
2.3 Climate and Rainfall 5
2.4 Linkages and Connectivity
2.5 Demographic Profile 7
3 ECONOMIC BASE OF KOLHAPUR 7
9
3.1 Agriculture and Agro-based Industries 10
3.2 Industrial activities 14
3.3 Information Technology Industry 16
3.4 The Art and Crafts industry 17
3.5 Tourism Potential 17
3.6 Other Areas
3.7 Directions for Growth 18
4 KOLHAPUR -- CITY ASSESSMENT 18
18
4.1 Urban Planning and Development
4.2 Urban Basic Services 29
5 URBAN POOR AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT 29
30
5.1 Poverty in Kolhapur
5.2 Social Infrastructure 35
6 URBAN/MUNICIPAL FINANCE 35
36
6.1 Framework for Analysis
6.2 Financial Status at a Glance 46
7 CITY GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK AND REFORMS 46
46
7.1 Deliberate wing 47
7.2 Administrative wing
7.3 Reforms being undertaken by KMC
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -i-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
8 FORMULATION OF VISION AND MISSION 49
8.1 Approach 49
8.2 Stakeholder Consultations – The Process and Outcome 49
8.3 Consultation with KMC 50
8.4 Important aspects that define Kolhapur’s Vision 52
9 INVESTMENT CAPACITY AND SUSTENANCE OF KMC 54
9.1 Classification of Annual Accounts 54
9.2 Financing Strategies for CIP 54
9.3 KMC Finance Operating Plan 54
9.4 Municipal Account – Growth Projections and Assumptions 55
9.5 Investment Capacity/ Sustenance 56
9.6 Action Plan for KMC 57
10 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN, STRATEGIES AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 58
10.1 Capital investment plan 58
10.2 Capital Facilities, Investment Phasing and Implementation 58
10.3 Prioritisation of the projects 60
11 REFORM ACTION PLAN FOR KMC 85
11.1 Property Tax 85
11.2 Municipal Accounting 85
11.3 Cost Efficiency 85
11.4 E-Governance 85
11.5 Other Reforms 86
12 PERFORMANCE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR KMC 87
12.1 Components of Performance Monitoring System 87
LIST OF ANNEXURES
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -ii-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
TABLE OF TABLES
Table 1: Population Growth of Kolhapur ....................................................................................................... 5
Table 2: Demographic indicators .................................................................................................................. 6
Table 3: Total arrivals of commodities at the APMC..................................................................................... 8
Table 4: Milk production units in Kolhapur .................................................................................................... 8
Table 5: Details of industrial area - Kolhapur................................................................................................ 9
Table 6: Engineering Institutes and no. of graduates ................................................................................. 11
Table 7: Projected number of professionals to be absorbed in IT-ITES industry ....................................... 14
Table 8: Assumptions for projecting size of IT industry ............................................................................. 14
Table 9: Water supply connection details .................................................................................................. 19
Table 10: Water quality parameters............................................................................................................ 20
Table 11: Details of drains in KMC area ..................................................................................................... 22
Table 12: Fleet of Conservancy vehicles .................................................................................................... 22
Table 13: Schedule under the Municipal Solid Waste Rules 2000 ............................................................. 24
Table 14: Characteristics of lake water....................................................................................................... 25
Table 15: River Water Samples of Panchganga at the confluence of Nalla discharges ............................ 25
Table 16: Roads within the City Limits........................................................................................................ 26
Table 17: Major approached and traffic links in the city.............................................................................. 27
Table 18: Problematic Traffic Junctions in the city ..................................................................................... 27
Table 19: Vehicles Registered in Kolhapur City.......................................................................................... 28
Table 20: Number of educational Institutes ................................................................................................ 30
Table 21: Basic health indicators ................................................................................................................ 32
Table 22: Health Infrastructure ................................................................................................................... 33
Table 23: Incidence of Diseases................................................................................................................. 34
Table 24: Financial Status at a Glance ....................................................................................................... 36
Table 25: Source-wise revenue income (Incl. Water Account)................................................................... 37
Table 26: Property Tax Details and DCB Statement .................................................................................. 38
Table 27: Application of funds by heads of Accounts ................................................................................. 39
Table 28: Section-wise Establishment Expenditure.................................................................................... 40
Table 29: Section-wise Operation and Maintenance Expenditure.............................................................. 40
Table 30: Outstanding Debt Liability ........................................................................................................... 41
Table 31: Capital Income (incl. Water Account).......................................................................................... 41
Table 32: Capital Expenditure (incl. Water Account) .................................................................................. 42
Table 33: Water Charges – DCB Statement............................................................................................... 42
Table 34: Key Financial Indicators.............................................................................................................. 44
Table 35: Details of staffing pattern ............................................................................................................ 47
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -iii-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
Table 36: Important assumptions made in the projections ......................................................................... 55
Table 37: CIP Funding Pattern ................................................................................................................... 57
Table 38: Sector-wise break-up of proposed funding under UIDSSMT in Rs. lakhs.................................. 59
Table 39: Performance Monitoring System for KMC .................................................................................. 88
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ARV Annual Rateable Value NGO Non-Governmental Organization
BT Black Topped O&M Operation & Maintenance
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate PPP Public Private Partnership
CC Cement Concrete PT Property Tax
CDP City Development Plan RTO Regional Transport Office
CIP Capital Investment Plan Sqkm. Square Kilometre
DCB Demand Collection Balance STP Sewerage Treatment Plant
DPR Detail Project Report SWM Solid Waste Management
ESR Elevated Storage Reservoir UGD Underground Drainage
EWS Economically Weaker Section UIDSSSMT Urban Infrastructure Development
for Small and Medium Towns
FSI Floor Space Index (same as FAR) WBM Water Bound Macadam
GLSR Ground Level Storage Reservoir PPP Public Private Partnership
GoI Government of India PT Property Tax
GoM Government of Maharashtra RTO Regional Transport Office
gpcd Grams per Capita per Day Sqkm. Square Kilometre
HHs Households STP Sewerage Treatment Plant
IPT Intermediate Public Transport SWM Solid Waste Management
KMC Kolhapur Municipal Corporation UGD Underground Drainage
KMT Kolhapur Municipal Transport UIDSSSMT Urban Infrastructure Development
for Small and Medium Towns
LCS Low Cost Sanitation WBM Water Bound Macadam
lpcd
MIDC Litres per Capita per Day Development
Maharashtra Industrial
Corporation
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -iv-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
Executive Summary
The city of Kolhapur famous as 'Dakshin Kashi' avail of the funds under this scheme for the
since ancient times is a holy place and was improvement of its urban infrastructure. These
historically known for being the capital of the funds would need to be directed towards priority
'Kolhapur Sansthan'. Located in the south-west actions and projects.
part of Maharashtra, it is one of the growing
cities in Maharashtra, with an area of 66.82 sq KOLHAPUR – AN IDEAL DESTINATION
km. and a population of nearly 4,85,183
residents (census 2001). The Urban Kolhapur has a distinct culture developed as a
Infrastructure Scheme for Small and Medium result of rich history and its quality of people who
Towns (UIDSSMT) launched by the Government have been front-runners in various fields.
of India (GoI), brings an opportunity to this Agriculture is the main contributor for the
growing city to improve its urban, economic and economy of Kolhapur. Its sugarcane industry
social infrastructure. contributes to over 5% of the sugarcane
produced in the country and accounts to a
OPPORTUNITY FOR THE CITY significant share of sugar, jaggery and baggase
produced. It is fast becoming an industrialized
The Urban Infrastructure Scheme for Small and district as well and already a front-runner in
Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) aims at creating agro-based industries. It is one of the shining
economically productive, efficient, equitable and examples in the co-operative movement of India,
responsive cities. This scheme will be in place with around 11,338 societies in the district. The
till 2011-2012. The objective is to improve industries in Kolhapur mainly comprise sugar
infrastructure as well as to ensure long-term industries, textile mills, engineering units and
sustenance of the ULBs. The funding pattern foundry units. There are nine industrial estates
would be in the ratio of 80:10 between the in Kolhapur, with 1,207 functioning units.
central and state governments. The balance Kolhapur has an innate potential to become a
10% could be raised by the urban local body center for Information Technology and provides
(ULB) from financial institutions or by using its a relatively inexpensive alternative to Pune and
own resources.The GoI has framed the Bangalore.
UIDSSMT guidelines in such a way that
applicant ULBs will be eligible for the grant One of its sovereign gifts to the world is the
assistance, provided the cities undertake certain Kolhapuri Chappals (slippers). Other than that,
reforms. Thus, to be eligible for the grant the city is also famous for its art and handicrafts
assistance under UIDSSMT, the GoI requires and silver jewellery. Its rich legacy, tradition and
cities to prepare project proposals in accordance culture, the presence of the Mahalaxmi temple,
with the CDP, and draw up a timeline for palaces, the various arts, delicious cuisine and
implementing the urban sector reforms. The rich culture make the city an ideal tourist
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation (KMC) plans to destination. The city attracts around 30 lakhs of
religious tourists every year with an average
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -v-
daily floating population is over 2 lakhs. This Kolhapur City Development Plan
also drives the demand for hospitality services,
tour and travel operators. ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
The current demographic and economic profile
of the city indicates that the future growth of the To formulate the City Development Plan, an
city depends on the creation of new economic assessment of the existing situation in Kolhapur
drivers, specifically in the areas of tourism and town has been carried out with respect to its
IT. Building and consolidating on its present basic infrastructure, its physical and
strengths in the engineering industry, environmental aspects, and the financial status
handicrafts, agriculture and agro-based of the Kolhapur Municipal Corporation.
industries, will have to be carried out
simultaneously. Land use: According to the current
development plan in force, the proposed land
Given the immense potential of the town, a City use mix in Kolhapur by 2011 indicates allocation
Development Plan has been prepared to provide of 67% for development -- 35% being allotted for
an integrated solution for problems facing the residential use and 29% for recreation and
city. entertainment. Of the remaining 39% land, 29%
is allotted for agricultural use, 3% for commercial
CDP - AN INTEGRATED SOLUTION and the rest for utilities and water bodies.
The City Development Plan (CDP) is the Water Supply: The city of Kolhapur gets a raw
Corporation’s corporate strategy that presents water supply of 128 MLD, of which the
both a vision of a desired future for the city. It Corporation supplies 120 MLD; 8 MLD is
identifies an economic growth strategy as well obtained through ground water sources. The city
as actions that would be required by various has four treatment plants with a design capacity
agencies to ensure the city’s sustainable of 162 MLD; of this, 119 MLD of water is utilized.
development. The city has 66,625 connections, all of which are
metered. Besides this, KMC has set up 2,051
CDP, thus prepared with the involvement of the Public Stand Posts in the city. The Corporation
stakeholders, is a forward-looking consensus charges the users depending upon their
program for the city. It outlines the way to -- consumption, and the tariffs are revised every
improve service levels, improve financial year. The key issues in water supply service are
sustainability, and create a citizen-friendly, the current distribution and transmission losses
accountable and transparent administration by amounting to 20%, capacity of the water supply
implementing reforms. system limited to projected population upto
2011, and leakages in the system. The poor
Finally, the CDP will reveal the Corporation’s state of the plant and machinery is also a cause
strategy to manage its resources, i.e., how it for concern.
intends to increase revenues and expand its tax
base to allow for self-sustaining urban service Sewage and sanitation; At present, Kolhapur is
delivery; improve its creditworthiness; and generating 75-80 MLD of sewage. The city has a
recruit and retain a skilled workforce. single centralised treatment facility of capacity
45 MLD. The current sewerage system covers
only 30% of the total area. The current STP
undertakes merely primary treatment of the
sewage. With increasing FSIs and increasing
population, the pressure on the city’s
infrastructure has increased drastically. There
are frequent pipe bursts leading to sewage
overflow. Also, the sewerage network is poor in
the suburban areas. The polluting of the
downstream water in the Panchganga River is
also a cause for concern.
Drainage; The drainage system of Kolhapur
consists of rivers, natural channels and roadside
drains. Tertiary drains are roadside drains
constructed by the KMC for collecting and
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -vi-
conveying storm water to the secondary and Kolhapur City Development Plan
primary drainage network.
rehabilitation of the slums is difficult due to the
Solid waste management; The primary shortage of land with KMC.
sources of solid waste in Kolhapur are local Social Infrastructure: Kolhapur has a large
number of educational institutes at all levels,
households, markets, commercial including government and private institutions. All
areas under the jurisdiction of the Kolhapur
establishments, hotels, restaurants, and Municipal Corporation have been covered by
compulsory primary education, and large-scale
hospitals. The total quantity of waste generated public awareness programs are being
conducted. There are 166 primary schools in the
is in the order of 170 tonnes per day (TPD) at a city in both the government and private
categories. Kolhapur also takes pride in a Shivaji
per capita generation of 342 grams per day. The University and a NAAC five-star rated institution.
It is most famous for its literature, arts,
percentage of waste collected and disposed is commerce, bio-technology, environment and
science departments.
86% of the generation. The landfill site identified
Health infrastructure in Kolhapur includes poor
by KMC is being disputed by residents of the state of equipment and property in municipal
hospitals and dispensaries, inadequate and
adjacent areas. A substantial number of posts in poorly trained staff and inequitable distribution of
medical services. Moreover, there have been
the Conservancy Department of the corporation frequent outbreaks of epidemic diseases,
especially during the monsoon months.
are lying vacant. Also, the door-to-door
Social evils and poverty reduction; Kolhapur
collection of waste is inadequate. is witnessing a rise in prostitution, with
increasing trade and commerce. The city ranks
Road and transportation; The city of Kolhapur third in Maharashtra in terms of prostitution and
is well connected through rail and road transport first in terms of ‘female foeticide’. Today, the city
facilities and also has a few flights connecting it faces several problems in the social arena such
to Belgaum and Mumbai. It acts as a point for as increased crime rate, increased female
interstate transport routes between foeticide, and growing number of cases of
Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and the southern atrocities on women. The city today has the
states, and serves as a key transport location. lowest female to male ratio, i.e., 816/1000.
The dominant public mode of transport in Under SJSRY, mahila bachat gats have been
Kolhapur is road transport. Kolhapur Municipal created. These gats (groups) come together and
Transport (KMT), a KMC undertaking, provides produce products. However, there is no market
public transport in Kolhapur. Vehicular traffic in for these products. There is a need to market
Kolhapur has increased during the period 1997- these products and create awareness about the
2006 at a CAGR of 34%. This has put same.
tremendous pressure on the city’s existing
infrastructure. Therefore, the general condition ASSESSMENT OF MUNICIPAL FINANCES
of roads is bad and worsens during the
monsoons. Parking is inadequate in proportion KMC’s current accounting system is cash-
to the number of vehicles. based; income and expenditure heads are
maintained on a cash basis. All the expenses
Urban poverty: There are 54 slums in towards regular maintenance are treated as
Kolhapur, of which 44 are declared and 10 revenue expenses, while expenses on new
undeclared. The total slum population was projects are treated as capital expenses. KMC’s
approx. 56,235 as on 01-01-1995, which is current accounting system is cash-based;
11.60% of the city’s total population. Urban income and expenditure heads are maintained
basic services are adequately provided to the on a cash basis. It has been observed that
slums in Kolhapur. All the slums have access to KMC’s budget is inflated due to the practice of
water supply, either through pipes or stand posts recording the receipts of grants first as revenue
provided by KMC. Only 15% of the slums do not income and then subsequently apportioning in
have access to sewerage or drainage facilities.
Solid waste management facilities are provided
to almost 75% of the area. KMC has undertaken
several initiatives to improve the standard of
living of the slum-dwellers and provide them with
the basic level of services, including
programmes under the Valmiki Ambedkar Awas
Yojna, SJSRY and Neigbourhood programmes.
The key issue related to slum-dwellers is that
they do not possess tenure of the land on which
they stay. Also, the resettlement and
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -vii-
capital income. For the analysis, KMC’s annual Kolhapur City Development Plan
accounts for the last five years have been
recasted. received any capital grants. Capital
expenditure is mostly met from revenue
Revenue income of KMC has grown to a level surpluses. On an average, over the past five
of Rs. 9,959 lakhs in FY2005-06 from Rs. 8,581 years, the majority of capital expenditure has
lakhs during FY2001-02, registering a been directed towards water supply and
compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4%; sewerage systems, and roads and traffic.
revenue expenditure increased at a CAGR of
8%. This indicates a decline in the financial Review of the outstanding loan statement of
condition of KMC. KMC maintained an average KMC, as on 31st March 2006, reveals that the
revenue surplus of over 10% of its revenue net outstanding debt liabilities of KMC stand at
income. Rs. 3,617 lakhs, which is high in comparison to
its revenue base (36% of its property tax
Octroi is the single largest source of income demand). Cost recovery from water supply
accounting for about 51 percent of municipal operations is around 100%, if the taxes
revenue income. During the last five, it has pertaining to water supply are also taken into
registered an average annual growth of six account. However, analysis indicates that there
percent. Octroi is followed by property tax, which is a large number of illegal connections in
is charged as a percentage of the Annual Kolhapur. The collection against demand is only
Rateable Value (ARV). The average collection 76% in Kolhapur. The cost recovery by way of
performance stands at about 76 percent of the direct user charges alone (excluding taxes and
total demand, indicating scope for further other water income) is about 91% against a
improvement of collection efficiency. The non- desirable 100%. No user charges are collected
tax income accounts for about 33.2 percent of for sewerage services; the only recovery is in
KMC’s revenue income and has registered a the form of the special sewerage tax and
CAGR of one percent. Water charges and other sewerage benefit tax. Cost recovery by way of
water income account for the majority of the indirect charges is 20% against a desirable
non-tax revenues and contribute more than 18 100%.
percent of the revenues.
CITY GOVERNANCE AND REFORMS
Revenue expenditure of KMC has registered FRAMEWORK
an average annual growth of 8% against growth
in revenue income by 4%. The establishment Established in 1972, KMC is governed by the
expenditure, including pension contribution and Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation
pay commission revision, alone account for over (BPMC) Act, 1949. The deliberative wing of
65 percent of revenue expenditure. O&M KMC is its general body, consisting of 77 elected
expenditure accounts for about 29 percent of the members and five nominated members. The
total expenses and expenditure towards debt general body of KMC is headed by the mayor.
servicing accounts for just about two percent of The Standing Committee, as specified in the
revenue expenses, indicating scope for the BPMC Act, is the most important committee of
further leveraging of KMC’s resources to the Corporation. Most of the financial powers are
implement large-scale projects. vested with the Standing Committee.
Capital income of KMC comprises loans, grants The municipal commissioner is the key figure in
and contributions; transfers from revenue local self-government and is the administrative
surplus; and utilization of funds from sinking head of KMC; the commissioner is assisted by
funds. As mentioned earlier, in recent years, senior officials in discharging his functions. The
KMC has neither availed of any loans nor commissioner manages the day-to-day affairs of
the Corporation, subject to approvals and
sanctions from the Standing Committee and the
Corporation. KMC is divided into five wards,
each headed by a ward officer. The total
strength of officers and employees at KMC is
about 3,777, as against the approved
employment level of about 4,779.
KMC has undertaken quite a few reforms in the
administrative framework, including initiating
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -viii-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
implementation of GIS, computerisation of the city. Finally, based on the consultations, a
property tax database and computerisation of review of the current status of Kolhapur and the
the building plan approval system. Tenders have SWOT analysis, the vision for Kolhapur was
been made available on the Corporation’s defined thus -- ‘Kolhapur as a hub for
website. industries – engineering, IT and agro-based,
famous as a tourist location with efficient
FORMULATION OF VISION STATEMENT urban services’.
The CDP is the Municipal Corporation’s strategy INVESTMENT CAPACITY AND SUSTENANCE
that outlines the vision for the growth of the city
and details how the Corporation, together with The investment capacity of KMC is assessed
stakeholders, intends to achieve its long-term through a Financial Projection – Financial
vision. In this context, stakeholder consultations Operating Plan (FOP), which gives a multi-year
were conducted to arrive at the vision for the forecast of finances of the local body for a
development of Kolhapur and to understand the medium term. In line with the phasing of
issues of the city. Various rounds of identified investment from 2006/07 to 2011/12,
consultations in the form of workshops and the sustainability of KMC has been worked out.
focus group discussions were held during the In determining the long-term financial strategy,
period 22nd August to 11th October ’06. KMC plans to raise resources and fund the
Capital Investment Plan (CIP) by accessing
The first consultation was held with the KMC funds available under UIDSSMT and using
officials and people’s representatives to make internal sources of revenue. KMC plans to
them aware of UIDSSMT and the CDP process. improve the internal sources of revenue through
The objective of the workshop was to get the revision of ARV at certain levels, revision of
implementing agency’s views on issues such as water and sewerage tariffs at specific intervals,
the importance of Kolhapur, the strengths of the transfer of water and sewerage tax to the
city and the desired focus areas for the relevant account heads, maintenance of the
development of the city and the region. The collection performance of taxes and charges and
second consultation was held to bring together increase of its borrowings.
municipal decision-makers and stakeholders, to
define the vision for the city and the various Given the existing financial position of KMC, the
sectors of Kolhapur. The stakeholders hailed revenue and capital accounts of KMC are
from diversified backgrounds, including projected against the growth scenario and
representatives of non-governmental assumptions presented above. The FOP is
organisations (NGO), industrial and trade generated from the sustainable investment point
associations, health and education, town of view in line with current growth trends against
planning, and senior citizen groups. The third the recommended investment of Rs. 771 crores
consultation was in the form of focus group at constant prices till 2011-12.
discussions to understand the specific needs to
be addressed by the CDP and to ensure that the Capital Grants to be made available under UIDSSMT Framework
diverse inputs are integrated in the plan. The
Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) also held 80% Grants 10% Grants 10% Funding from
a series of workshops with renowned citizens, from GoI from GoM Own Sources/ Debt
inviting them to discuss their vision for the city,
its strengths and weaknesses, its economy and Funding proposed over the next 6 Years in the form of own resources through
basic infrastructure issues. GoM share reforms in functional
2006-07 to 2011-12 Rs. 11.5 areas
Based on the inputs of the stakeholders a crores
SWOT analysis was carried out for Kolhapur Approx. Rs. 92 Crores (escalated) Property Tax reforms/
proposed UIDSSMT Grant from GoI unassessed
properties
Rs. 115 Cr proposed under UIDSSMT Funding
Regular revision of
Revolving Fund to be created equivalent to 25% of user charges,
UIDSSMT Funding improving collections
Introduction of
Sewerage Charges
It is observed that following the current growth
trends, KMC can sustain an investment of Rs.
556 crores (constant prices), which is 72% of the
identified investment till 2011-12. This indicates
the present soundness of KMC’s finances and
its capacity to take up large-scale infrastructure
projects on its own. Various revenue
improvement measures in property tax like the
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -ix-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
identification of unassessed properties, regular PROPOSED PROJECTS
revision of tax rates, and improvement of
collection efficiency are expected to increase The total estimated capital investment required
KMC’s investment capacity by an additional Rs. for providing efficient services to the present
116 crores, which amounts to an additional 15% population and future population of KMC by the
of its base investment capacity. year 2031 is Rs. 1107.71 crores at constant
prices. Of this, a sum of Rs. 771.88 crores is
Further, revenue improvement measures in the proposed for investment by 2011-12.
water supply and sewerage sectors like the
regularisation of unauthorised connections, The planning horizon for the projects identified in
regular revision of user charges and new the sectors of urban poor/slums, land
connection deposits, and improvement of use/development planning and other projects is
collection efficiency are also expected to 2011-12. Accordingly, the entire identified
augment KMC’s investment capacity. investment is proposed for funding by 2011-12
itself. The planning horizon for the core service
Mode and sources of Amount (Rs. Crs)– % of Total sectors of water supply, sewerage, drainage and
Funding Current Prices Investment solid waste management is 2031. Hence, only a
part of the identified investment is proposed for
Identified Sustainable 709.71 100 funding by 2011-12. The table below presents
Investment till 2011-12 the summary of KMC’s sector-wise total
610.23 86 investment needs and investments up to 2011-
Grants (UIDSSMT) 542.43 76 12.
67.80 10
GoI grants 16.74 2
82.74 12
GoM grants
Loan (Open Market/ FIs)
Own sources (KMC)
Sector Total Investment Investment till 2011-12 (Rs. lakhs) % Investment Identified
Need (Rs. lakhs) till 2011-12 by KMC
Water Supply Base Cost Escalated % Sector against Total
Sewerage & Sanitation 6,477 7285
Roads &Urban Transport+ 14,202 Cost* wise of Total 100% 17322
Drains 60,434 34025
Street Lights 14,412 6,477 7,999 8.1% 100%
Conservancy (SWM) --
Urban Poor/ Slums 580 14,202 17,745 18.0% 84% --
Land use/ Dev. Planning 2,107 79% --
Others ++ 4,883 34,188 44,140 44.8% --
Total 5,285 59% --
2,391 11,420 14,611 14.8% 104
110,771 54% 58,736
345 429 0.4%
100%
1,147 1,413 1.4%
40%
4,883 6,531 6.6% 100%
2,135 2,766 2.8% 85%
2,391 2,937 3.0%
77,188 98,571 100.0%
Of the total investment need of Rs. 771 crores, implementation of measures as well as the
KMC has prioritized projects worth Rs. 587 institutionalization of reforms. This would still
crores. The prioritization of projects has been leave some areas that would need to be
based on discussions with key stakeholders and addressed by KMC in terms of implementation
officials of KMC. In addition to these specific of a project like water supply. Some of the
projects, strategies have been identified for projects would be exploring possible options of
tourism, culture and heritage preservation, involving the private sector in areas of
information technology and communication development, cost recovery, maintenance,
industry, environment management and social billing and collection, pumping, treatment and
infrastructure. distribution.
REFORM ACTION PLAN Though one of the main aims of UIDSSMT is to
finance the infrastructure investments identified
The above analysis and actions indicate that as part of the CDP, the larger objective of the
KMC is in a good position to tap UIDSSMT mission is to initiate the much-needed reforms in
funding. The analysis is based on the ULBs. The mission has identified certain
mandatory and optional reforms to be
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -x-
undertaken at the state government and ULB Kolhapur City Development Plan
levels during the mission period, for the ULB to
be eligible for funding. property tax @ 4% of ARV. Solid waste charged
as part of property tax @ 6.5% to 15% of ARV.
Municipal Accounting: A chartered accountant Commitment to this reform is given as a part of
has been appointed for converting the current main agreement.
single-entry cash based system into a double-
entry accounting system. Its targeted to finish Some other reforms have been initiated by KMC
the accounting reforms by FY 2009-2010. This for segregation of solid waste at source, revision
firm will maintain the accounts of KMC and of water charges, revision of octroi rate, and
simultaneously train its officials for a period of adoption of a state IT policy.
three years.
In order to undertake effective implementation of
E-governance: KMC already has an online the identified projects in a professional manner,
facility. Tenders are floated on the website of KMC needs to adhere to the timeline of the
KMC. It also has a registration facility provided action agenda. The Performance Monitoring
through a through Citizen Facilitation Centre System (PMS), would be developed to adhere to
(CFC). Currently only one CFC is existing and the time lines of reforms. This would also ensure
another 5 are proposed. The payroll, pension timely implementation of the action plan. The
and provident fund system is already PMS would measure KMC’s performance with
computerised. Currently, building plans are respect to its service delivery against the
scrutinized and permission is granted through all committed/set targets under each reform.
ward offices (4 nos). A computerised system has
been introduced recently. KMC has committed EXPECTED OUTCOMES
to comply with the E-Governance reform agenda
by FY 2009-2010. KMC’s current levels of service delivery has a
substantial scope for further improvement.
Property tax: The Kolhapur Municipal Moreover there is a need to rejuvenate the
Corporation currently maintains a property tax economic activity in the city by facilitating the
collection efficiency of 77%. A survey to identify development of new business and commercial
the unassessed properties has already avenues like tourism and IT. Through this City
commenced. A provision of Rs. 50 lakhs has Development Plan, KMC intends to achieve two
been made in the budget for the implementation objectives; provide the necessary civic amenities
of GIS. KMC has proposed to revise the rate of to the citizens and stimulate the economic
property tax by 10% next year. Also, KMC plans activities. The resource requirement can be
to fine citizens with property tax arrears. realistically met with funds under UIDSSMT
(both Central and State funds), KMC’s internal
Urban Poor: Currently, only 10% slums revenues and expected additional revenues
households do not have access to water supply. from implementation of reform measures.
KMC spends around 1.6% of its total budget on
providing basic facilities in slums. Unlike other Current situation UIDSSMT grants Expected
ULBs in Maharashtra, KMC provides additional sustainable
assistance based on the need of the groups of Will supplement internal outcomes
BPL. The amounts of assistance have been resources
decided with a cap of Rs. 2.50 lakhs. Special
training has been given by KMC under SJSRY • Stagnating growth Reform commitments • Stimulate economic
and they have been able to procure assistance • Satisfactory urban Will improve governance growth
from the local banks for developing Will supplement grants
entrepreneurship. KMC has targeted to services Will sustain improvements • Universal service delivery
accomplish the reform agenda under UIDSSMT • Reasonably strong • Improved governance,
by FY 2009-2010.
financials planning and
User Charges: With respect to recovery of O&M • Integrated organisational accountability
through levy of reasonable user charges, KMC • Financial sustainability
has been successful in revising water tariff every set up
year. It has been able to recover 100% water • Sound reform platform
expenses. Sewerage tax is charged as part of
At the end of the CDP period, KMC would have
achieved full and higher quality service coverage
and would also be able to maintain a sustainable
financial position. KMC would also have built on
its strong governance framework and ensured
modern financial management, effective e-
governance and transparency in its functions.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -xi-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
1 BACKGROUND
As per the 2001 census, the urban population of India stood at 28.54 crores, which is about 27.8 percent
of the country’s total population. By 2021, the urban population is estimated to account for above 40
percent of India’s population. Thus, cities and towns will play a vital role in India’s socio-economic
transformation and change. Apart from their contribution to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP),
which is currently placed at about 50-55 percent, and their growing role in the global markets, cities in
India will be the engines of economic growth, the centre-points of innovation and the hub of many socio-
economic activities.
But the current state of affairs in most of our urban areas is far from satisfactory on all parameters of
urban governance like planned growth, share of slum population, reliability of civic infrastructure and
financial resources. All these factors will have a significant negative economic consequence if not
addressed in a planned manner.
1.1 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN have impeded investment in urban
infrastructure and services
Municipal governments and other institutions
responsible for service provision are facing an Upon completion of the scheme, it is expected
acute shortage of capacity and resources, that the respective ULB will have achieved the
notwithstanding the 74th Constitutional following outcomes:
Amendment Act, 1992, on municipalities. Most
municipalities are starved of resources on Modern and transparent budgeting,
account of their inability to effectively use their accounting, and financial management
revenue-raising powers, in particular, those systems will be designed and adopted for
relating to property tax and user charges. all urban services and governance
functions.
Given the current state of affairs of our cities,
which is incompatible with the country’s socio- A citywide framework for planning and
economic objectives and India’s growing role in governance will be established and become
the world economy, the Government of India operational.
(GoI) has launched the Urban Infrastructure
Development Scheme for Small and Medium All urban residents will be able to access a
Towns (UIDSSMT) in 2005-06. The scheme will basic level of urban services.
be in place for the next seven years. The
funding pattern would be in the ratio of 80:10 Financially self-sustaining agencies for
between the central and state governments. The urban governance and service delivery will
balance 10% could be raised by the urban local be established through reforms.
body (ULB) from financial institutions or by using
its own resources. The UIDSSMT focuses on: Local services and governance will be
conducted in a transparent and
Improving and augmenting the economic accountable manner.
and social infrastructure of cities
E-Governance applications will be
Ensuring basic services to the urban poor introduced in core functions of ULBs/
including security of tenure parastatals resulting in reduced cost and
time of service delivery processes.
Initiating wide-ranging urban sector reforms
whose primary aim is to eliminate the legal, In order to be eligible for grant assistance under
institutional and financial constraints that UIDSSMT, GoI requires eligible cities to prepare
project proposals (detailed project reports) and
submit them to state level nodal agencies for
appraisal. Also, cities have to draw up a timeline
for implementing the urban sector reforms.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -1-
City Development Plan Kolhapur City Development Plan
Timeline for Implementation Detailed Project Reports priority actions and projects. In this context,
of Reforms KMC appointed CRISIL Infrastructure Advisory
to help in the preparation of the City
AApppplliiccaattiioonn ffoorr UUIIDDSSSSMMTT ffuunnddss Development Plan (CDP) for Kolhapur city.
The grant from GoI and the state government 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF CDP
will flow to the nodal agency designated by the
state government. The nodal agency will The City Development Plan (CDP) is aimed at
disburse the central assistance to the ULBs as identifying an integrated solution for problems
soft loan or grant-cum-loan or grant. However, facing the city. It identifies an economic growth
the funds may be sanctioned in such a manner strategy as well as actions that would be
that 25% of the central and state grant, put required by various agencies to ensure
together, is recovered and ploughed back into sustainable development of the city.
the Revolving Fund to leverage market funds for
financing further investment in infrastructure The CDP is the corporation’s corporate strategy
projects. At the end of the scheme period, the that presents both a vision of a desired future for
Revolving Fund may be graduated to a State the city and the municipality’s organization, as
Urban Infrastructure Fund. well as mission statements on how the
municipality, together with other stakeholders,
The GoI has framed the UIDSSMT guidelines in intends to work towards achieving this long-term
such a way that applicant ULBs will be eligible vision in the next five years.
for the grant assistance, provided the cities
undertake certain reforms. The objective is to The CDP should lead to the translation of
improve infrastructure as well as ensure long- missions into actions and actions into outcomes.
term sustenance of the ULBs. Thus, to be The objective of involving stakeholders through
eligible for the grant assistance under a consultation process and securing
UIDSSMT, the GoI requires cities to prepare endorsements of the proposed actions by the
project proposals in accordance with the CDP, local body and other implementing agencies is
and draw up a timeline for implementing the to hold these bodies accountable for their
urban sector reforms. mission statements, actions and expected
outcomes.
Subject to the fulfillment of the above-stated
requirements and their satisfactory appraisal, The CDP clearly defines how a corporation will
the GoI, the Ministry of Urban serve its customers (businesses and citizens).
Development/Ministry of Urban Employment and For example, the CDP will talk about how the
Poverty Alleviation will sign a Memorandum of corporation intends to guarantee a basic level of
Agreement (MoA) with the state government and urban services to all citizens; make urban
the city will sign an MoA with State Level Nodal planning responsive to emerging needs; and
Agency (SLNA), and release funds in become responsive to the needs of, and
accordance with the payment schedule that will improve its services, to local businesses. The
form a part of the Memorandum of Agreement CDP will also outline how the corporation plans
(MoA). to run its business. The CDP will elaborate how
the corporation intends to manage public finance
The Kolhapur Municipal Corporation (KMC) in a modern and transparent way; execute
plans to avail of the funds under this scheme for urban planning and governance in line with an
the improvement of its urban infrastructure. established framework; and become more
These funds would need to be directed towards responsive -- cost and time efficient – by availing
of technology in its governance and service
delivery processes. Finally, the CDP will reveal
the corporation’s strategy to manage its
resources, i.e., how it intends to increase
revenues and expand its tax base to allow for
self-sustaining urban service delivery; improve
its creditworthiness; and recruit and retain a
skilled workforce.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -2-
1.3 KOLHAPUR CDP PROCESS Kolhapur City Development Plan
The formulation of the CDP for Kolhapur has The City Development Plan, thus prepared
been divided into three phases and involved the with the involvement of the stakeholders is a
following tasks and activities. The approach to forward-looking consensus program for the city.
the assignment has been primarily analytical It outlines the way to:
(assessment of the existing situation) and
consultative (discussions with key stakeholders). Improve service levels,
The analytical assessment focused on the Improve financial sustainability, and
existing state of affairs in terms of a) services Create a citizen-friendly, accountable and
levels, b) municipal finances, and c) institutional
arrangements in provision of services. transparent administration by implementing
reforms as per the UIDSSMT guidelines.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -3-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
2 ABOUT KOLHAPUR CITY
Famous as Dakshin Kashi since ancient times, Kolhapur is a holy place. It was historically known as the
capital of the Kolhapur Sansthan (Trust). Human habitation in Kolhapur started nearly 2,200 years ago on
the banks of the river Panchaganga. The name of this city, Kolhapur or Karvir, has multiple meanings.
According to some experts, the name Kolhapur has originated from the Kannada word kolla, meaning a
deep river bank, which clearly indicates that the city is situated on the deep bank of the river
Panchaganga. According to some other experts, the name Karvir comes from the goddess Mahalaxmi,
who is holding the kur in her hands.
2.1 CULTURE AND HERITAGE the festival of rays. On certain days, the rays of
the sun fall directly on the idol of goddess
Kolhapur is archaeologically an important place Mahalaxmi. These days stretch from 9th
in India, famous for the ancient and aesthetically November to 11th November and 31st January
beautiful temple of goddess Mahalaxmi. The to 2nd February.
temple is the best model of ancient Hindu
archaeology in India. It is entirely built of black 2.2 LOCATION AND AREA
stone and has a plinth in the shape of a star.
Kolhapur city is located in the south-west part of
Plate 1: Mahalaxmi Temple Maharashtra. The geographical coordinates are
16o-42’ north latitude and 74o-14’ east longitude
and 550 m above mean sea level. On the
western part of the city lies the range of
Sahyadri Hills; the Warana river flows along the
northern boundary. Kolhapur is abutted by
Belgaum district on the southern side. The
approximate area of the city is 66.82 sq. kms.
Plate 2: Location Map of Kolhapur
The premise of the temple is huge; a number of -4-
small temples of other deities are located within
its premises. It was constructed in 634 AD and is
one of the most respected and visited temples in
Maharashtra. Many people from Maharashtra as
well as from all over the country come to
Kolhapur for darshan of the goddess. The
number increases during the Navaratri festival.
Goddess Mahalaxmi is supposed to be the wife
of Lord Venkateshwara (Balaji) Tirupathi. Hence,
after taking darshan of Tirupathi Balaji, people
make it a point to come to Kolhapur for
Mahalaxmi’s darshan. The festival of Navratri is
celebrated on a huge scale in the month of
Ashwini. Thousands of devotees come here for
darshan. A special type of festival is also
celebrated which is known as Kirnotsava, i.e.,
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation
Kolhapur City Development Plan
2.3 CLIMATE AND RAINFALL Kolhapur city is one of the growing cities in
Maharashtra, with an area of 66.82 sq km. and a
Kolhapur's climate is a blend of the coastal and population of nearly 4,85,183 residents (Census
inland climate of Maharashtra. The temperature 2001). The population of the city increased
has a relatively narrow range, 12°C to 35°C. rapidly from 1941 to 1981; this growth can be
Summer in Kolhapur is comparatively cool, but attributed to the flourishing agricultural sector.
more humid, compared to its neighbouring Though the population showed an increase in
inland cities. Maximum temperatures rarely 1981-1991, the growth rate fell from 31.26% to
exceed 38°C and typically range between 33°C 19.51%. The decadal growth rate has not
to 35°C. Lows during this season hover around increased drastically since. Industrial
24°C to 26°C. Though temperatures are rarely developments on the outskirts of the city have
as high as in inland Maharashtra, high humidity not contributed to the city’s increase in
often makes the weather extremely unpleasant population. This may be because the majority of
and muggy. industrial workers hail from adjoining areas. The
population growth of Kolhapur since 1901 is
The city receives abundant rainfall from June to given in Table 1.
September due to its proximity to the Western
Ghats. The heavy rains often lead to severe Table 1: Population Growth of Kolhapur
flooding in these months due to overflowing
dams like Radhanagari. Temperatures are Year Population Increase/ Decadal Growth
relatively low in this season and range between Decrease Rate
23°C (minimum) to 30°C (maximum). Kolhapur
experiences winter from November to February. 1951 136835 43803 47.08
The winter temperatures are significantly higher
compared than that prevailing in other cities in 1961 187442 50607 36.98
Maharashtra such as Pune and Nasik. Lows
range from 14°C to 16°C while highs are in the 1971 259050 71608 38.20
range of 29°C to 32°C. Humidity is low in this
season, rendering the weather pleasant. 1981 340036 80986 31.26
2.4 LINKAGES AND CONNECTIVITY 1991 406370 66334 19.51
Kolhapur is recognised as an important religious 2001 485183 78813 19.39
and commercial centre of the region and is well-
connected by road, rail and air. It is located at a Source: Census of India
distance of 395 km. from Mumbai, the capital of
Maharashtra and 235 km. from Pune. The city is 35.00 Population Grow th Rate
well-connected by a road network with the NH-4
passing through it. Kolhapur terminus station is 30.00
also the centre of southern railways. It has an 25.00
airport at Ujalaiwadi, located near NH-14. The
city is popularly known as the “Door of Konkan” 20.00
with the western coastal line only 75km. away. 15.00
It is an important linkage between Konkan and
the rest of the state. 10.00
5.00
2.5 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
- 1981-91 1991-01
The knowledge of basic demographic trends is 1971-81
essential to sort out the problems and exact
needs of the area. It provides ideas regarding The population density stands very high at 7261
the habitation of people and their basic persons/sq.kms., which is 25 times the state
requirements, which the authorities should density and 17 times the district density. This is
consider while planning the city. mainly because the boundaries of KMC have not
been expanded since 1977. The city has a good
literacy rate of 90.2 %, which is significantly
higher than the state average. Scheduled tribes
form only 0.3% of the city’s total population. The
city also has a fair sex ratio, which is just above
the state average.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -5-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
Table 2: Demographic indicators State District Kolhapur City
9,68,78,627 35,23,162 4,85,183
Demographic Indicators 66.82
Population 2001 308000 7685 7261
Area (sq. km.) 315 458 1,02,300
Density (persons / sq. Km.) 7,12,349 4.7
No. of households 1,95,76,736 4.9 926
Average Household Size 4.9 949 12.5
Sex Ratio - Females per 1000 Males 922 12.76 0.3
SC Population as Proportion to Total Population (%) 10.2 0.6
ST Population as Proportion to Total Population (%) 8.9 90.2
76.93
Literacy Rate (%) 76.9
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -6-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
3 ECONOMIC BASE OF KOLHAPUR
Kolhapur district is the southernmost district of Maharashtra and Kolhapur city is its headquarters. The
city is situated on the banks of the river Panchganga and is known as Dakshin Kashi. Being the
headquarters of the district, the city’s economy is directly related to the economy of the district.
The growth of the district in modern times has been fascinating. Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaja was the
architect and founder of modern Kolhapur. The district is abundant in natural resources -- water, soil,
natural vegetation, animal wealth and minerals. As a result, Kolhapur is one of the most agriculturally
advanced districts of not only Maharashtra but also India. It is fast becoming an industrialized district as
well and has already emerged as a front-runner in agro-based industries. It is one of the shining
examples of the co-operative movement of India. The district has the highest per capita income in the
state of Maharashtra. Kolhapur has a distinct culture, developed as a result of its rich history and its
quality of people who have been front-runners in various fields. Kolhapur is famous in the country for its
production of jaggery, Kolhapur chappals, silver jewelery, and Indian wrestling.
3.1 AGRICULTURE AND AGRO-BASED 3.1.2 TRADE IN AGRICULTURE COMMODITIES
INDUSTRIES
The setting up of the Kolhapur Agriculture
The economy of Kolhapur is highly dependent Produce Market Committee (APMC) in 1945 and
on agriculture. Location on the Deccan Plateau, the Gadhinglaj APMC in 1948 was a major
the rich black soil and the availability of water landmark in the marketing history of the
make Kolhapur highly suitable for agricultural Kolhapur District. There are 12 talukas in the
activities. Agriculture is the main contributor to Kolhapur District, of which the APMC jurisdiction
the economy of Kolhapur. Its sugarcane industry covers Karveer. Shahupuri Peth and Pirajirao
contributes to over 5% of the sugarcane Peth are the two main marketing centres of
produced in the country and accounts for a western Maharashtra. The major commodities
significant share of sugar, jaggery and baggase traded at the APMC are jaggery, onion, potato,
produced. The city is also an important trading groundnut pods, tomato, cabbage and garlic.
centre for agro-products like jaggery, sugar, The bulk of the trade involves Gujarat and
pulses, chillies, turmeric, and food grains. Mumbai. Also, commodities are exported to New
York. APMC’s market is currently located at
3.1.1 SUGARCANE INDUSTRY Laxmipuri; being in the centre of the city, it is
congested. Thus, a new market of 20 acres size
The economy of Kolhapur is highly dependent
on the sugarcane industry. Kolhapur produces has been proposed at Tamblaywadi. 0 gives the
6,02,70,00 metric tonnes1 of sugarcane. The details of the turnover of APMC during the
well-known factories are Bhogavati sugar period October2004 to September 2005.
factory, Kumbh kasari sugar factory, and
Chattrapati Rajaran sugar factory. Plate 3: Sugarcane field in Kolhapur
1 District Social and Economic Abstract 2003-04 (Published -7-
by State Govt. of Maharashtra)
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation
Table 3: Total arrivals of commodities at the APMC Kolhapur City Development Plan
Year Arrivals (Qtl. In Value (Rs. In crores) 3.1.4 KOLHAPUR’S COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT
lakhs)
Kolhapur is one of the districts leading the co-
2001-2002 37.69 279.74 operative movement in Maharashtra. This
movement has brought about revolutionary
2002-2003 14.52 158.43 developments in various fields of the district.
There are about 11338 co-operative societies in
2003-2004 31.66 344.97 the district with 35.13 lakh members. The total
share capital of these societies is Rs. 504.26
Source: APMC crores 2.
In order to support agriculture, necessary Among various co-operative societies, the co-
warehousing facilities have been provided in operative sugar factories, co-operative milk
Kolhapur. There are 249 godowns in Kolhapur of societies, co-operative banks, co-operative
which private parties own 68%. The total marketing societies, and the co-operative
capacity of the godowns is 87,069. The trading spinning mills are playing a major role in the
in agricultural commodities provides prosperity of the co-operative movement in the
employment to a large number of people. Kolhapur district. There are 17 co-operative
3.1.3 MILK INDUSTRY Plate 4: Milk Collection through a cooperative
The milk industry is well established in Kolhapur. sugar factories in the Kolhapur district with 2.84
Five big units collect, cool, process and then lakh members. These sugar factories have a
market milk. The total collection of milk amounts total crushing capacity of 62.15 lakh metric
to 3,105 lakh litres. The main cooperative dairies tonnes and produce 7.56 lakh metric tonnes of
are Warna, Gokul, Samruddhi, Mahalaxmi and sugar.
Morna; Bharat Dairy is one of the important
private dairies. The biggest dudh sangh is the The Kolhapur district is a leading district in dairy
Kolhapur District Dudh Sangh, which collects farming; it boasts of milk production with huge
1,832 lakh litres of milk every day. The table exports of milk and milk products. The setting up
below gives the details of the various dudh of the dairies, Gokul, Warana and Mayur, is a
sanghs and their collections. landmark in the economic development of the
district; the Gokul Milk Co-operative is one of the
Table 4: Milk production units in Kolhapur biggest dairies in India. Warana is a classic
example and excellent manifestation of rural
Name of Unit No of Collection creativity.
members (1000’ litres)
Kolhapur Dist Govt Milk Prod. Union 2519 183230
Warna Dist Govt Milk Prod. Union 15508 89208
Mayur Dist Govt Milk Prod. Union 700 35149
Shirol Dist Govt Milk Prod. Union 54 949
Dutar Unit 705 2007
Grand Total 19486 310543
Source: District Statistical Abstract
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation 2 Source: Economic and Social Abstract 2003-04 (Published
by State Government of Maharashtra)
-8-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
3.2 INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES Table 5: Details of industrial area - Kolhapur
The Kolhapur industry mainly comprises sugar MIDC Area Total Total Distributed Functional
industries, textile mills, engineering units and Area Plots
foundry units. The industry lacks entrepreneurial SMAK Shiroli (Ha) Plots Industry
capacity. This reflects a need for private Mfg. Assoc. 714
initiation and a new entrepreneurial vision. Gokul Shirgaon 269.00 700 640
Mfg. Assoc. 775
3.2.1 LARGE AND MEDIUM-SCALE INDUSTRIES Total 233.93 1489 751 567
1451 1207
As in March 2001, the Central Government has 472.93
granted permission for 277 medium and major
industries in Kolhapur. Of these, 110 units have Source: MIDC, District Administration website
started production. The major units are 21 (www.kolhapur.nic.in)
spinning mills (private and co-operative), 15
sugar industries and 21 textile mills. The The Kagal 5 star industrial estate comprising
remaining 53 units are based on engineering 3000 plots, spread over 1100 hectares has been
goods, poultry, foundry, chemicals, animal established near Kolhapur. Industries located in
foods, etc. The 110 units represent an around 300 to 400 plots are functioning
investment of Rs. 563 crores and generate currently. Besides, a textile zone in an area of
employment for 55,000 people. 450 acres has also been proposed. Companies
like Raymond, Indocomm, Oswal Wardhman
3.2.2 SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIES and Kirloskar have shown a keen interest in this
zone; some of them have already initiated the
As in March, 2001 Kolhapur district had 18,698 process of setting up their plants. Also, a silver
industries, generating an employment of around zone in an area of 80 hectares has been
one lakh. The major small-scale units proposed. In the Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the
manufacture auto spare parts, casting, development of the Kagal industrial estate,
engineering job work, diesel engines and engine engineering and foundry industries such as
parts, textile and silver ornament and chappals. Anshul steel and Menon Casting are proposed.
During the period, 1950s to 1980s, the foundry As far as basic infrastructure of the estate is
in Kolhapur developed due to incoming business concerned, water supply is sufficient. MIDC and
from automobile industries in Pune. However, MSEB are in the process of ensuring power
now industries in Pune are opting for backward distribution of 100 MW to this estate. The
integration. As a result, this business has development of roads and storm water drainage
diminished, limiting the growth of the foundry is underway. Also, a Common Effluent
industry. Treatment Plant (CETP) of 10 MLD will be
started in the next six months to treat the
3.2.3 INDUSTRIAL AREAS industrial effluent. For the infrastructure
development of Kagal, MIDC has already spent
There are nine industrial estates in Kolhapur -- Rs. 34 crores and plans to spend Rs. 20 crores
two Maharashtra Industrial Development in the next two years.
Cooperation (MIDC) areas and seven
cooperative industrial estates. Altogether, 1,207 The Shiroli Industrial estate covers 260
units function in the two existing MIDC areas. hectares. Of the total 730 plots in this estate,
The details of the same are given in the table around 650 plots have been sold. 635 industries
below. are currently functioning in this area. MIDC has
spent about Rs. 6 crores on providing basic
infrastructure in this area. The major industries
in this estate are Menon Casting, Manograph
Industries, Lokmat, Kolhapur Steel, Saroj Iron
Industry, Sriram Foundry, Mahalaxmi Masala
Products, Bharat Udyog Ltd. and H.J.Iron.
The Gokul Shirgaon industrial estate is spread
over 220 hectares. It has 850 plots of which 800
are sold. 750 industries function in this estate,
most of them relating to engineering and
foundry. The major industries are Gokul,
Eurotex, Menon Bearings and Indocount.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -9-
As far as cooperative industrial estates are Kolhapur City Development Plan
concerned, the Government has approved
seven estates. 2140 plots have been issued, of 284,000 in FY 1999-2000 to a projected
which 1,272 are functional; 44,850 workers are 1,287,000 in the FY 2005-06. is this the growth
engaged in these estates. in Kolhapur.
The Kolhapur industry is a source for OEMs One of the significant patterns of this growth is
(Original Equipment Manufacturers) outside that it is not limited to specific products or
India. It has the potential to emerge as an services and to specific areas or regions.
engineering component exporter. Observers say that the IT-ITES industry in India
is experiencing its third wave of growth. In the
3.2.4 PROPOSED PLANS first phase, the industry was dominated by
captive centres of large multinationals such as
MIDC has proposed four estates, located at GE, American Express and Swiss Air, who set
Kagal, Gadhinglaj, Ajara and Chandgad. Also, up operations in India. In the second phase, the
the State Government is planning to set up an growth attracted numerous entrepreneurs (in
exclusive silver zone at Hupri near Kolhapur. many cases, employees of multinationals who
Hupri town is already famous for its silver quit their jobs to set up their own IT-ITES
jewellery, fine craftsmanship and superior ventures). The third phase is geographically
designs being the hallmarks of Hupri jewellery. dispersed with new locations emerging on the
The town already boasts of some 2,500 horizon.
silversmiths and another 20,000 craftsmen who
are dependent on this trade. The size of the This movement has been because of the
industry is put at Rs. 125 crore and the finished following:
goods are in demand across the country.
Currently, the business is scattered across Hupri The need for Business Continuity planning,
as there are concerns about pollution due to to pre-empt the exposure to a particular
overcrowding. The silver zone will offer larger city, which has forced most companies to
space for the production of ornaments, where diversify to alternate locations.
traders from all over the country can come and
do business in an organised manner. Improvement in key infrastructure areas like
power, telecom bandwidth and real estate
The following projects have been planned by in newer locations
MIDC:
The desire by state governments to attract
Roads and water supply- Rs. 10 crores investments, which has resulted in
attractive policy environments and
Concretisation of roads – Rs. 40 crores incentives being offered
Common effluent treatment plant – Rs. 17 The need for ITES companies to lower
crores operating costs especially employee costs
and attrition.
Effluent collection pipelines- Rs. 2 crores
3.3.2 KOLHAPUR, AN IT DESTINATION
Citizen facilitation centres, street lighting,
etc. -- Rs. 5 crores Based on the above discussion, we can infer
that IT companies are ready to move/ expand
3.3 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY into newer locations provided they can generate
a substantial cost benefit out of the new location.
3.3.1 POTENTIAL OF KOLHAPUR IN IT These cost savings and benefits could be
because of:
The Indian Information technology Industry is on
a phenomenal growth path. The revenue has 1. Manpower Availability/ Less Cost
increased during the last three financial years 2. Ease of starting operations/ plug and play
with a Compounded Annual Growth Rate
(CAGR) of 30%, growing from $21.6 Billion to environment
$36.3 Billion during the period. The total direct 3. Favored Government Policies
employment in the Indian IT-ITES sector is 4. Cheap Real Estate Cost/ Availability
estimated to have grown by over a million, from
We need to assess the status of Kolhapur in
each of the above parameters:-
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -10-
Manpower Availability Kolhapur City Development Plan
There is adequate availability of skilled Ease of Starting Operations/ Plug and Play
manpower in Kolhapur. There are four Environment
Engineering Colleges in Kolhapur and adjacent.
For the manpower needs of the IT industry, we 1. Developed Real Estate
should consider the students in the Bachelor of
Engineering course with specialisations in MIDC IT Park: MIDC has created IT
Computer, Information Technology and Park in Kolhapur. Total Area of IT Park
Electronics. Accordingly the offering of seats by is 10 acres. Built-up space 27,662 sq.ft.
these institutes is listed in Table 6. and open plots are available as per the
requirement for IT units. The various
Plate 5: Kolhapur IT Park facilities offered to the customers are: -
Plug and Play environment for start
Table 6: Engineering Institutes and no. of graduates up units
Server Co-location
Name of Institutes Seats Consulting for setting up 100%
120 export oriented unit
D Y Patil College of Engineering and Technology 180 High speed data link
Kolhapur Institute of Technology 240 IT Park- Privately Developed: The
Promoters and Builders Association of
D.K.T.E Society’s textile and engineering Institute, 150 Kolhapur (PABK) consisting of more
Ichalkaranji (Dist. Kolhapur) than 25 promoters and builders are in
690 the process of developing the first phase
Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering and of an IT park in Kolhapur. The area
Technology, Warnanagar (Dist. Kolhapur) designated in the first phase is 22
Acres. An International property
Total consultant Knight Frank has been
appointed for the marketing of the IT
In addition to the above degree courses there Park. The project expected to be
are 6 other technical institutes, together completed within the next two years.
accounting for 300 Masters of Computer
Applications students and 200 Bachelor of 2. Power availability: The power situation in
Computer Application students. There are also Kolhapur region is reasonably good, in
an estimated 300 Diploma engineers being terms of the negligible demand supply gap
churned out of these institutes. Additionally the at present. The distribution losses are also
adjacent districts of Kolhapur, namely Sangli, in the region of 11%, which is very good as
Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg, can provide a compared to the averages for the state and
substantial number of skilled manpower India. Is there any proposal for IPP in the
(especially Sangli). privately developed parks
3. Bandwidth availability
Internet Service Providers: There are
three Internet Service Providers in
Kolhapur namely; Software Technology
Parks of India (BSNL), Bharat Sanchar
Nigam Limited (VSNL), Videsh Sanchar
Nigam Limited.
Optical Backbone: BSNL has started
implementing a project for point to point
fibre connectivity between all major
commercial areas of Kolhapur. The
project is expected to be completed
within the next six months.
WiMax: BSNL has started implementing
a project for developing WiMax
infrastructure in the city. WiMax is the
technology which makes the
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -11-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
intermediate stage of data transfer that iii. Ensuring reliable and quality
is till the point from where individual power supply round the clock in
connections are given, completely wire IT Parks by permitting unlimited
free. It is also the first step in making the back up power, Captive Power
major areas of the city Wi-Fi. WiMax Generation and status as
extends beyond the visual horizon and Independent Power Producers.
therefore is more extensive in terms of
reach than radio based platforms. iv. Levying of power charges on IT
and ITES units at industrial
4. Locational advantage: Kolhapur is rates and notifying IT and ITES
recognised as an important religious and units as a separate category of
commercial centre of the region and is well consumers through MERC.
connected by road, rail and air. It is located
at a distance of 395 km. from Mumbai, the v. Exemption of IT & ITES units
capital of Maharashtra and 235 km. from from statutory power cuts in
Pune. Kolhapur is 549 Kms from Bangalore power supply.
and 412 km from Hyderabad. It is thus more
or less equidistant from the major IT hubs in Development of skilled manpower
the country. The city is well connected by a pool
road network with the NH-4 passing through
it. Kolhapur terminus station is also the vi. Ensuring ready availability of
centre of southern railways. It has an airport
at Ujalaiwadi, located near NH-14. The city skilled manpower certified by
is popularly known as the “Door of Konkan”
with the western coastal line only 75 km. Maharashtra Knowledge
away. It is an important linkage between
Konkan and the rest of the state. Corporation and other training
a. Government Policies institutions/companies.
Central Government Policies: The
Ministry of Information Technology, vii. Making available infrastructural
Government of India has declared
several policies for the promotion of IT facilities of schools of Municipal
industry. These policies take the form of
simplified procedures for establishing a Councils, Municipal
new unit, specific foreign investment
policies and guidelines for the IT sector, Corporations and Zilla
fiscal incentives etc. There are special
policies, schemes and incentives Parishads to IT and ITES
announced for the units in the Special
Economic Zones, Export Processing Companies for conducting
Zones and Software Technology Parks.
training programmes in ITES
State Government Policies: The
Maharashtra State Government has related subjects and English
promulgated the Maharashtra IT-ITES
Policy 2003. The salient features of the language skills.
policy are as follows:
Industry friendly and supportive
Development of Infrastructure environment
i. Promotion of IT parks, both viii. Relaxations of the provisions of
public and private various industrial and labour
legislations
ii. Cost effective and fully reliable
telecom connectivity to the IT & ix. Declaring IT and ITES units as
ITES units all over the State. public utility services and
essential services.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation
x. Constitution of a Committee
under the Chairmanship of
President, NASSCOM for
drafting a Data Protection and
Consumer Privacy Act.
xi. Notifying IT & ITES units as
continuous process units.
Fiscal Incentives
xii. 100% exemption on stamp duty
for units in public IT parks (in
-12-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
case of private IT Parks, the 3.3.3 ESTIMATION OF THE POTENTIAL SIZE OF THE
exemption is 75%. IT INDUSTRY IN KOLHAPUR
xiii. Charging of Sales Tax at There are a lot of inputs that determine the
minimum floor rate of 4% on all potential size of the IT industry in Kolhapur,
IT products and non-IT products these inputs are:-
essential for IT and ITES Units
as approved by the Empowered a. Nature of companies established (IT or
Committee. BPO-ITES)
Support to IT-ITES units by the b. Volume of manpower
Urban Local Bodies c. Size of companies being established
d. Area available for such industries
xiv. Issuing Government directions e. Infrastructure support- power, residential,
to all Municipal Corporations for
exempting imported capital transport
goods and raw materials of IT
and ITES units from levy of Maharashtra contributes around 30% to the total
Octroi or Tax on entry of goods. size of the Indian IT-ITES industry, thus
generating around Rs. 380 Billion in revenues
xv. Issuing Government directions (Estimated for the current Financial Year). The
to all Municipal Corporations IT sector as a whole is observing a revenue
and Municipal Councils for growth of 33% CAGR. The number of IT-ITES
levying property tax on all companies in Maharashtra is around 1200.
establishments/properties/buildi When we factor in the CAGR of the industry, we
ngs/premises of IT and ITES can infer that around 100-200 IT-ITES units are
units on par with residential being set up every year in Maharashtra, of all
premises. sizes. This growth is presently concentrated
around Mumbai and Pune. Out of this growth,
xvi. Grant of 100% additional Floor Kolhapur if positioned and marketed as an
Space Index to all IT and ITES attractive IT destination can attract a gradually
units in public IT Parks. growing share
xvii. Grant of 100% additional Floor Project size of IT industry in Kolhapur
Space Index to all IT and ITES (based on assum ption)
units in private IT Parks of
specified sizes by paying certain 700 Investment Revenue 640
premium. R s. cro res
600
xviii. Issuing of permission to erect 500 420
towers and antennae as part of 400
building plan approval 370
300 280
200 150 180
5. Local Policies: The Kolhapur Municipal 10 0
Corporation has, along the lines of the
state government’s IT policy 2003, 0 2 0 15 2020
decided to give concessions to promote 2 0 10
the establishment of IT industries in the
city. The concessions offered include Companies which would be interested in
charging property tax at residential establishing units in Kolhapur can be: -
rates, total exemption of Octroi tax on
capital goods and 100% FSI for the 1. Small and Medium Start ups
construction of buildings. 2. Small and Medium sized units of existing
companies
There is an existing IT park developed by MIDC
covering an area of 10 acres with a built up area
of 27,662 sq.ft. There is a proposed IT park
being developed by the Promoters and Builder’s
Association of Kolhapur (PBAK) covering, in the
first phase, an area of 22 Acres. Moreover the
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -13-
members of PBAK collectively have a land bank Kolhapur City Development Plan
totalling 700 acres, which they intend to pool into
the IT park in subsequent phases depending The constraint can be the available manpower.
upon the feedback from the first phase. These There are around 1500 IT, Computer and
two facts lead us to infer that at present, land is Electronics Engineers, Diploma holders and
not a constraint to the growth of IT sector in MCAs churned out of the colleges in and around
Kolhapur. Kolhapur annually. As per NASSCOM in India,
around 56% of engineering professionals are
absorbed by the IT-ITES industry, as shown
below
Table 7: Projected number of professionals to be absorbed in IT-ITES industry
No of engineering graduates 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Degree (four years) (Projected) (Projected) (Projected)
316,000 365,000
139,000 170,000 441,000 501,000 536,000
270,000 290,000
222,000
231,000 246,000
Diploma & MCA (three years) 177,000 195,000 219,000 280,000 303,000
*No of IT professionals 179,000 201,000 246,000
Percentage 56% 57%
57% 55% 56%
Source: NASSCOM statistics
The proposed real estate available for IT-ITES Particulars Rs. 90 Crs
industry will be around 32 acres, assuming a Rs. 160 Crs
density of 150-persons/ acre; the estimated Total investment projected
employment of about 4500 can be generated in
the currently available real estate. Based on the Average Revenue Generation/ Per Person/
manpower available and the fact that the build Per Annum
up of the IT sector in Kolhapur will be initially BPO- Rs. 6.35 Lakh
slower than the growth rate of the industry, IT- Rs 14.44 Lakh
because of the initial inertia of the industry to Based on Nasscom figures for the IT-ITES
locate in new area, we can potentially target industry for the IT and ITES, 2005-06
employment of 2000 people in the next three
years. Total Revenue Generation
Based on the assumptions given below, we can
project the size of IT industry in Kolhapur as
shown below: -
Moreover as mentioned earlier, the entrants Kolhapur will attract small and medium players,
would be mainly small to medium sized start ups initially, with average capacity of 400 persons.
or small to medium units of the existing
companies. The small to medium sized units 1. The current revenue growth in IT-ITES
would have capacities ranging from 200 to 500 industry is nearly 28%, with exports
seats. Thus based on the projected employment registering 33% growth (Nasscom figure).
of 2000, there might be 5 new units with average However when we are talking about a 10-20
capacity of 400 each. Thus the potential of years planning horizon, a year on year
Kolhapur in the next three years (2007-2010) growth of 20% is a more realistic
can be computed as follows (based on the given assumption. Therefore the same has been
assumptions) used for the projections
Table 8: Assumptions for projecting size of IT industry 2. The per capita/ per annum revenue
generation figures have been calculated on
Particulars 2000 the basis on last three years employment
400 and revenue figures (Nasscom).
Total projected employment 5
3.4 THE ART AND CRAFTS INDUSTRY
Average capacity (for a small/ medium unit)
Kolhapur is known for its art and handicrafts.
No. of units (BPO- 4, IT-1) One of its sovereign gifts to the world is the
Kolhapuri chappals (slippers), which are
Average Investment Required for small/ manufactured by skilled people dedicated to the
medium units art. There are about 15 co-operative societies of
BPO- $ 2 Million
IT/ ITES- $ 12 Million
Based on Nasscom figures for the IT and
ITES, 2005-06
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -14-
Kolhapuri chappals manufacturers in the district. Kolhapur City Development Plan
5,633 units engaged in the manufacture of
Kolhapuri chappals, employing 22,500 artisans, based country. Also, there are several leather
of which 10% are women artisans. Nearly 80% tanneries; so processing is not a problem.
of the units manufacture items for dealers who However, this is largely a family business and
supply raw materials to these artisans. the recent generations are not interested in it.
This poses a threat to the continuity of the
The Kolhapur chappals are divided into two business. The Kolhapur chappal industry has
major categories: (i) Export variety, and (ii) always been a cottage industry wherein the
Fancy variety. The export quality chappals are family works together. Men work on getting the
mainly produced in Miraj, Jat and Kawathe- chappals ready and the women do the finer
mahankal of the Sangli district, while the fancy designing. This occupation has been passed
variety is mainly made in the Kolhapur district. down from generation to generation. However,
The total production of the export variety of today, the young generation is not inclined to
Kolhapuri chappals is estimated atRs.2 crores follow this profession, resulting in a shortage of
and that of the fancy variety at Rs 10 crores artisans.
Plate 6: Kolhapuri Chappal The Leather Industries Development
Corporation of Maharashtra (LIDCOM) gives
cash subsidies to the artisans. However, this
practice has had negative effects as once the
artisans get the cash, they become relaxed and
this affects their work, besides leading to social
evils like drinking and beating.
Plate 7: Silver Jewellery
annually. Kolhapur is also famous for its silver
ornament industry. It started at Hupari in 1904
Many devotees visit Kolhapur for Goddess and soon, the Kolhapur district became well
Mahalaxmi’s darshan and on their way back, known for silver ornaments in India. The
purchase Kolhapuri chappals at Kolhapur. In principal items of production are payal (anklets),
Kolhapur city, the centrally located Shivaji necklaces, bracelets, eartops, earrings, rings,
Market has a concentration of 150 shops of pendants, kamarpatta, key-chains, bangles, etc.
which about 50% exclusively deal with Kolhapur The main problem of the industry is the
Chappals. 40% of the production of the fancy availability of its basic raw material, silver.
variety is sold locally and the rest in Mumbai,
New Delhi, Ahmedabad, Bangalore and other
commercial centres in the country through
dealers and state emporiums. The chappals are
mainly exported to France, China, Japan and
Australia.
This art and crafts industry has been a very fast
growing business. Procuring the needed raw
material is not a problem as India is an agro-
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -15-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
Silver artware is one of the traditional crafts of Known for its Mahalaxmi temple, the city attracts
Maharashtra, flourishing even today. The major around 30 lakhs of religious tourists every year.
Current level of tourism infrastructure in Kolhapur
Amenities: Restrooms in major tourist spots, but Connectivity: Road, Rail and Capacity: The present capacity
inadequate, Tourist shopping centers, Air- are developed to meet of the hotels in Kolhapur is
today’s standards and is around 50 rooms of 3-star
Cultural show (Lavanya sandhya) along with tour of constantly being upgraded, category, 250 rooms of 2 star
the city organized for the Deccan Odyssey tourist. under the National policy for category and 250 rooms of
Advent of Deccan Odyssey has motivated the tourism tourism. budget category.
sector of Kolhapur.
Multiplex, theatres, shopping malls, recreational zones
such as parks, go-carting, golf course, adventure treks
and trails, cultural shows – Lavanya sandhya , folklore-
Lavani, Powada, Vasudev, Ovya, Gondhal, festivals –
like Ganeshutsav, Dassera, Tripurari Pornima, etc.
craft pockets are Kolhapur, Nasik and Pune. In The average daily floating population is over two
all, around 500 artisans employed in about 200 lakhs, which drives the demand for hospitality
units in these districts, produce artware valued services, tour and travel operators. The city has
at Rs. 80 lakhs. The major problems are the radiant folklore such as Gondhal, Vasudev,
ever-increasing price of silver and the wages of Powada, Lavni and Ovya. The city is also
the skilled artisans who are attracted towards known for celebrating colourful festivals on a
other trades, otherwise. grand scale such as the Ganeshotsav, Dussera,
Jotiba festival, Tripuri Purnima and Trimboli
Creative toys for children like numerical toys, Yatra.
alphabets, geometrical and arithmetical figures
are produced at Kolhapur. These toys are Plate 8: Shri Mahalaxmi Temple
produced using lightwood coated with lacquer.
The total production of these toys at Kolhapur is
estimated at 1.5 lakhs.
3.5 TOURISM POTENTIAL
The city of Kolhapur with its rich legacy, tradition Besides the places of religious interest, there
and culture has the potential for being an ideal are several palaces and hill stations in and
tourism destination. The presence of the around Kolhapur which need to be marketed to
Mahalaxmi temple, palaces, the various arts, attract tourists. These places are detailed in
delicious cuisine and rich culture make the city a
prosperous tourist destination. annexure 13. Presence of a well developed
infrastructure for tourism is one of the essentials
The present tourist spots in and around
Kolhapur are as follows: Plate 9: Famous for Wrestling
Religious; The Mahalaxmi Temple, Jotiba
Temple, Narsobavadi, Khidrapur Temple, –
attracts a large number of pilgrimage.
Heritage; besides the above sites, Bhavani
mandap, Bhavani temple in the Old Palace, New
Palace, Shalini Palace (only Palace hotel of
Maharashtra), Town hall museum, University
Campus are some of the frequently visited
attractions.
Natural Scenic Spots; lake Rankala,
Panchaganga Ghats and riverfront, Fort
Panhala, fort Vishalgad (out of the 6 forts),
Amba, Gagan Bavda, Barkhi, Radhanagari,
Dajipur, etc.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -16-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
for exploiting the latent tourism potential of a Ancient forms of sports have been cherished
city. and pursued in Kolhapur. Wrestlers of Kolhapur
are famous around the world. Here, young rural
3.6 OTHER AREAS boys enroll in the wrestling arena. They are
trained by masters who are called Vastads.
Kolhapur can be regarded as one of the main More than 40 wrestling arenas known as Talims
and pioneering centres of the film industry in are functioning in the city. A government-aided
Maharashtra since the 1930s. Social, historical wrestling training camp is also situated at
and mythological films, mainly in Marathi, are Kolhapur. Various competitions are conducted
produced here. The city has two well-known film every year in which the wrestlers participate and
studios -- Jayaprabha studio and Shantikiran win huge sums of money. Other famous sports
studio. in Kolhapur include mallakambh, buffalo fights,
Kombada zunj, sathmari, Mardanj khel and
buffalo race.
3.7 DIRECTIONS FOR GROWTH
The above analysis indicates that the future growth of the city depends on its adoption of the following
strategies:
Creating new economic drivers by exploring the tourism potential of the city and providing a strong
IT base in the city.
Building on its present strengths in the areas of engineering industry, agriculture and agro-based
industries and the arts and handicrafts industry.
Consolidating and retaining its position in the fields of engineering, agriculture, trade and agro-
processing industries.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -17-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
4 KOLHAPUR -- CITY ASSESSMENT
To formulate the City Development Plan, an assessment of the existing situation in Kolhapur town has
been carried out with respect to basic infrastructure (physical and social), physical and environment
aspects like land usage and pollution levels, and the financial status of the municipal council. The
demographic and economic aspects of Kolhapur have already been discussed in the previous chapter.
The objective of the analysis provided in this chapter is to make a realistic assessment of where the town
is, the direction in which it has been moving, and its strengths and weaknesses.
4.1 URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT 4.2 URBAN BASIC SERVICES
The first development plan for the city was The principal function of KMC is the provision of
sanctioned in the year 1977 and was prepared basic services to its citizens. Municipal services
for a period of 10 years till 1987. This plan was have a direct and immediate effect on the quality
modified in the year 1987-89 and was of lives of people in the city. Poor municipal
considered for development for the years 1991- service can also make it difficult to attract
2011. As per the 1997 plan, the city had business or industry to an area and thus it can
recorded 35.08% developed areas, which had limit job opportunities for residents. Capability
increased to 41.36 % in 1989, i.e., an increase building, corporatisation, and partnerships in
of 30.67%. The figure gives a representation of municipal services are some of the key reforms
the land use pattern proposed by the current required to improve municipal service delivery.
development plan. Therefore, the biggest challenge for the
municipal council is to provide its citizens with
It is proposed to develop 67% of the total area. reliable services that are financially and
Of this, a major part will be residential (35%) environmentally sustainable. This section details
followed by recreation and entertainment (29%). the quality of urban services offered by KMC to
its citizens. The areas covered in the section
Proposed Land use - 2011 2% 2% include water supply, sewerage and sanitation,
storm water drainage, solid waste management,
35% street lighting, and roads and public transport.
29% 4.2.1 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Residential The city of Kolhapur gets a raw water supply of
128 MLD, of which the Corporation supplies 120
Commercial MLD and 8 MLD is obtained through ground
water sources. The city has three sources of
Industrial 8% 3% water – the Bhogavati river (8 km.); the
Public utilities 2% Panchganga river via Bawada (6 km.) and via
1% Shingnapur (11km.); and the Kalamba tank
Public & Semi- public 3% (3km.). There are 809 borewells in the city,
15% withdrawing 8 MLD of water. In summers, water
Recreation/ Open spaces is supplied by tankers to scarcity areas and also
to those areas where there is no pipeline
Transportation/ Circulation network. KMC is unable to run Bawada water
works to its full capacity of 36 MLD resulting in
Agriculture shortage of water to “E” ward. This is primarily
due to major polluted nallahs like Jayanthi and
Water bodies Dhudhali carrying waste water and sewage from
the unsewered parts of the city and dumping it
Special Area/ Defence
-18-
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation
Kolhapur City Development Plan
into the Panchganga River. This has been 695 borewells with handpumps/ submersible
causing pollution of the river downstream. The pumps have been installed on these wells. The
Bawada water works is located on the Corporation charges the users depending upon
downstream side of the confluence of the their consumption. The volumetric rate per
polluted nallahs with the river. “E” ward of the thousand litres is Rs. 7 for domestic
city, which covers almost 40% to 50% of the connections, Rs.20 for commercial connections
population of the city, gets water from Bawada and Rs. 43 for industrial connections. This rate
water works. Hence this ward gets polluted was last revised on 1st April 2006. It is revised
water. every year depending on the increase in power
charges by the Maharashtra State Electricity
Plate 10: Water works in Kolhapur Board (MSEB). The details of water connections
are given in the table below.
Distribution and Coverage
Table 9: Water supply connection details
The existing water supply scheme is designed
for an expected population of 6.20 lakhs for the Connections 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
year 2011. For the proper management of water Domestic 58276 54827 57169 60969 63952
supply, the city is divided into five wards, i.e., A, Non- Domestic 1601 1740 1766 1798 1848
B, C, D and E. Water is supplied to citizens Industrial 630 727 836 811 825
through a network consisting of a distribution PSP 1677 1698 1722 1905 2051
system and various reservoirs located in
different parts of the city. The distribution Source: KMC, 2006
network (400 kms. long) covers 80% of the city.
Besides this, the main transmission main runs Treatment
for 57 kms. Distribution and transmission losses
currently amount to 20% of supply. With respect The city has four treatment plants with a design
to storage, the city has five ground level storage capacity of 162 MLD, of which 119 MLD of water
reservoirs with a capacity of 15.1 ML and 16 is utilized.
elevated storage reservoirs with a storage
capacity of 22.05 ML. Water Quality
Plate 11: Puikhadi WTP 60 mld The water quality in the Panchganga River is a
major issue. MPCB had tested the water quality
The city has 66,625 connections, all of which are in January2006, the results of which are given in
metered. Besides this, KMC has set up 2,051
Public Stand Posts (PSPs) in the city. Further, 0. This data was analyzed as per the CPHEEO
norms, and it was found out that the
downstream water is highly polluted and can be
used for irrigation and industrial purposes only.
The pH norms are within the limit of 8.5.
However, as far as the Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.)
figures are concerned, they are extremely low as
compared to acceptable norms. At the
upstream, the D.O. figures fall in the “A” class
indicating that the water is potable, but, at the
downstream, the D.O. is merely 1.2, i.e., “E”
class, showing that the water can be used only
for irrigation purposes. Similarly, the BOD
figures at the upstream are within acceptable
limits in the “A” class whereas at the
downstream they are very high and fall in the
D/E class. Thus, we can observe that the water
gets highly polluted when it reached
downstream.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -19-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
Table 10: Water quality parameters STP at Kasaba Bawada has already been taken
up by KMC.
Parameters Upstream of Downstream of
Kolhapur Kolhapur The city has been divided into four zones --
Temperature 20 Dudhalli nallah zone, Jayanthi nallah zone,
pH 20 8.42 Bapat camp zone and Line bazaar zone. The
D.O. 8.4 1.2 current sewerage has 30% coverage, which
B.O.D. 6.9 3.8 mainly comprise the Gaonthan area. The city
Conductivity 1.8 349.0 also has 22,000 septic tanks.
Coliform fecal 228.0 6.0
Total coliform 17.0 80.0 KMC is also spending a considerable amount on
Nitrate 130.0 1.5 pumping the sewage generated at three different
Nitrite 1.1 4.15 nallahs to the STP. KMC is therefore
0.12 contemplating decentralizing the STP facility and
providing to all the three nallahs. This will help in
Source: MPCB Report on Pollution of Panchganga River, 2006 reducing the energy cost required for pumping
the sewage from these three nallahs to the
Key Issues existing STP.
The current distribution system has coverage of Plate 12: Nalla’s flowing in the city
only 20% of the city and is outdated. Bawada
intake water works is facing a problem of At present, sewage generated at the Dudhali
contamination due to intermittent discharges nallah basin is being pumped into the sump of
from the Jayanti and Dudhali nallahs which meet the Jayanti nallah pumping station. The Jayanti
upstream of intake water works on Panchganga nallah pumping station then pumps the
River. This works supplies water to the “E” ward, combined flow of the Dudhali nallah and the
where around 50% of the population of Kolhapur Jayanti nallah to the existing sewage treatment
resides. Also, the pressure of supply is plant at Kasaba Bawada, 5 km. away. There are
extremely low, resulting in unequal and irregular two pumps of 20 HP capacities each in
distribution of water. Another issue is that the operation at the Dudhali nallah to pump the
current water supply is designed for the sewage; KMC is spending about Rs. 30,000 per
expected population up to the year 2011. There month as electricity charges for the same.
is a need to augment and improve the present
water supply scheme. KMC has already carried out a sampling
exercise to find out the characteristics of the
Several water lifting schemes are being carried incoming sewage. The result of the same was
out on the banks of the river Panchganga. provided by KMC for the designing of the
Consequently, as soon as water is released, the proposed treatment process. The values,
water is lifted resulting in fewer water supplies particularly of COD and BOD, are less than the
for Kolhapur city. Currently, although the normal values observed for domestic sewage in
metering system exists, the meters are often Indian cities. The diluted sewage may be due to
found to be tampered. Thus it becomes difficult the nallah water, which flows into the sewage
to charge correctly as per consumption. since no proper sewerage system exists.
The pumping stations are in a poor condition
currently, resulting in several leakages. There is
also a shortage of staff at these stations. The
working environment at these stations needs to
be improved.
4.2.2 SEWERAGE AND SANITATION
At present, Kolhapur city is generating about 75
to 80 MLD of sewage. The city has a centralized
sewage treatment plant (STP) at Kasaba
Bawada of 45 MLD capacity. The sewage from
Dudhali nallah is pumped to the Jayanti nallah
and subsequently to the STP at Kasaba
Bawada. The case for upgrading the existing
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -20-
However, KMC plans to implement a proper Kolhapur City Development Plan
sewerage system. Once the sewerage system is
in place, the sewage may become concentrated. 1994, the city faced a jaundice epidemic due to
the poor quality of water, which was lifted from
Almost, all the wastewater generated in the city the Bawada water works in E ward.
is of the domestic type. Most of the small-scale
industries in the city are foundry and turning- With increasing FSIs and increasing population,
based. About 5,000 litres of tannery wastewater the pressure on the city’s infrastructure has
is generated in the Jayanthi nallah drainage increased drastically. There are frequent pipe
zone. bursts leading to sewage overflow. Also, the
sewerage network is poor in the suburban
Sanitation areas.
The city has 416 public toilet blocks with 3,078 The disposal of sewage into the Panchganaga
toilet seats. For administration purpose, the city and the absence of secondary treatment at the
has been divided into 11 sanitary wards. Each current STP results in river pollution. As a result,
ward functions independently. the downstream villages such as Ichalkaranji,
Upri, Rendal, Patankodi and Rui get polluted
The major pollution load in surface waters in water.
Kolhapur is due to municipal discharges
(sewage). The construction of a conventional Decentralization of the sewerage system is
sewage treatment plant requires huge capital difficult as the flood line of the river Panchganga
costs (land requirement) and O&M cost; is close to the residential area. Thus, there is
therefore KMC cannot afford to dispose huge lack of land for the construction of STPs and for
quantities of sewage. In view of the Supreme sewerage disposal plant. Also, there is a
Court's directives regarding treatment and safe shortage of land for the disposal of treated
disposal of urban solid and liquid wastes and the sewage. Currently, only 1,200 acres is available
directions of the Maharashtra Pollution Control for land irrigation, whereas 5000 acres are
Board, KMC is planning to set up 25 MLD needed. The Development Plan also does not
sewage and a 25 TPD segregated organic reserve any land for STPs.
waste treatment plant at Dudhali Nalla. The
proposed Biomethanation plant will generate Since most of the nallah are open and easily
about 3,500 to 3,700 m3 of biogas, which is accessible, especially in the slum area, there is
equivalent to about 250 KW power for 24 hours. large-scale indiscriminate dumping of organic
The site currently identified for the wastes in the nallah. This leads to choking and
biomethanation plant is at R.S.No.1267/4, 1262 problems of suspended solid waste stagnation
and 1266. Approximately, 17,000 sq.m. (4 at various points, the nuisance of flies and
acres) of land will be made available for the mosquitoes, and prevalent foul odour. KMC is
biomethanation plant and STP at the proposed endeavouring to set up modern systems for
location. This is sufficient for the entire plant plus efficient waste management and disposal, which
compost store. can greatly reduce the pollution load on the
river. Setting up a combined treatment plant for
Key issues sewage as well as solid waste is one such
attempt.
The current sewerage system covers only 30%
of the total area. Most of the buildings in the city 4.2.3 STORM WATER DRAINS
have septic tanks, where from the sewage is
disposed off into the three major nallahs, i.e., the The drainage system of Kolhapur constitutes of
Jayanthi nallah, the Dudhalli nallah, and the Line rivers, natural channels and roadside drains.
Bazaar nallah which further release the same The major rivers that flow near the city are the
into the Panchganga river resulting in the Panchganga and the Bhogavati. Tertiary drains
pollution of the river. are roadside drains constructed by the KMC for
collecting and conveying storm water to the
The current STP undertakes merely primary secondary and primary drainage network. 0
treatment of the sewage. Thus, the treated presents a summary of tertiary drains in within
sewage can be used for land irrigation only. In KMC’s limits.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -21-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
Table 11: Details of drains in KMC area waste includes refuse from domestic colonies,
commercial establishments, bio-medical or
Drain Type Length (km) Breakup (%) hospital waste and rubble construction activities.
Open Drains- Pucca 136.49 48% Bio-medical waste is separately disposed off.
Open Drains- Kutcha 131.05 46%
Closed Drains 16.61 6% Transportation of waste
Total 284.15 100%
Source: KMC, 2006 Currently, three types of curbside bins are being
used in Kolhapur from where the waste is
4.2.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT collected. These are -- R.C.C. square type,
R.C.C. open bottom and steel containers. The
Solid waste comprises unwanted and discarded collection of the garbage is normally carried out
materials from houses, street sweeping, and manually. This is done either with the help of
commercial and industrial operations. Rapid collection trucks, which collect the waste from
urbanisation, increasing commercial and the various bins and take it to the disposal site.
industrial activities and changing life styles in Two refuse collectors and 20 trucks have been
Kolhapur are observed to be leading to a steady allocated for the transportation of waste to the
increase in the generation of solid waste. final disposal site. 160 tonnes of waste is
collected and transported in this manner. Of this,
Quantum of Solid Waste Generation and 120 MT of waste is collected daily and 40 MT is
Composition of Waste collected twice a week; a daily backlog of almost
60 MT of waste is generated everyday. The
The primary sources of solid waste in Kolhapur details regarding the different types of vehicles
are local households, markets, commercial used for transportation are given below.
establishments, hotels, restaurants, and
hospitals. The total quantity of waste generated Table 12: Fleet of Conservancy vehicles
is in the order of 170 tonnes per day (TPD) at a
per capita generation of 342 grams per day. Type of Nos Capacity No. of Distances Waste
carried
Vehicle (in MT) trips/day (Km/day (in MT)
Collection of solid waste Truck 11 4.5 22 361 77
45
Truck 6 3 18 214
16
The estimated quantity of waste collected and tipper
disposed is about 160 tonnes per day, which 20
translates into a collection performance of about Refuse 2 5 4 54
86%. 1,050 conservancy workers are engaged
by KMC and the waste is collected on a day-to- compactor
day basis through sweeping and door-to-door
collection. 12,130 community bins have been Dumper 2 2.5 20 140
placed in the city for primary collection of
waste at a spacing of 300 meters. The placer
handcarts and wheelbarrows have two
containers, each of which has a carrying Source: KMC, 2006
capacity of 25 kg.
Of the total waste generated, 121 MT of waste is
Daily sweeping is carried out only at a few handled manually creating hazardous
locations, while in most places; it is done on conditions. The routine arrangement of vehicles
alternate days. A total number of 90,000 houses is done in a vehicle workshop that is operated by
are covered under the collection. The system of the Municipal Corporation. The workshop is
door –to-door collection is prevalent in provided with facilities for carrying out welding
approximately 30% of the city. Currently, there is works, automobile maintenance and other
no segregation of waste and the mixed form of related works. Almost 40-45 trips are undertaken
waste is directly picked up from the collection by the vehicles to transport the garbage from the
points. The collection of waste from dustbins is city to the disposal point.
done manually and with the help of ladders. For
this purpose, refuse collectors and dumper Disposal of solid waste
placers with containers are used. City solid
Currently, M/s Zoom Engineers have put up a
composting plant of 100 MT capacity, based on
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) on BOO. KMC
has signed the MOU with M/s Zoom Engineers
with respect to the project. The Kasaba Bawada
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -22-
dumping site is located about five km. from the Kolhapur City Development Plan
city with an area of one hectare. The dumpsites
are not landfill facilities since they do not confirm department. Also, the employees need to be
to any of the norms of a sanitary landfill such as trained in composting, usage of modern
Weigh Bridge, fencing, lighting, etc. There is no equipment, segregation of waste, etc.
provision for gas venting or leachate collection.
4. The existing deficiencies in the SWM system
Medical facilities and biomedical waste are leading to the choking up of Nallahs,
There are about 750 medical institutions in the which meet the river. An introduction to new
city including private hospitals, nursing/homes
blood banks, circles, etc. In order to manage the and modern concerns in terms of collection
bio-medical waste, the Kolhapur Medical and transport can reduce the pollution load
Association (KMA) has formed a separate firm occurring due to indiscriminate dumping and
with the help of a private operator. KMC has transportation.
made available a 10,000 sq. ft. area to a private
operator for setting up a bio-medical waste 5. There are few garbage bins in the suburbs.
disposal and processing facility at Kasaba Also, the waste of the slaughterhouse is
Sawada. This firm collects transports and directly disposed off without incineration.
disposes the bio-medical waste generated by
the participating hospitals through a treatment 6. Door-to-door collection of waste is low.
facility. Specially designed autos collect the There needs to be 100% door-to-door
waste from the hospitals and transport it to the collection. At the same time, awareness
treatment facility. The disinfected material is sold needs to be created among citizens about
to vendors and the incinerator ash is dumped in segregation and proper disposal of waste.
the plant backyard.
Implications of the Burman Committee
Privatization of solid waste collection and Report and Municipal Solid Waste
transportation system (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000
KMC has engaged a Nashik-based firm called Due to the growing concern over the lack of
“Adarsh Ghantagaadi” to privatise the collection management of solid waste in ULBs across the
for the entire city of Kolhapur. The scheme country a PIL was filed in the Supreme Court.
covers door-to-door waste collection. The entire Supreme Court directed all the states in India to
waste is being collected as dry and wet waste. submit reports on solid waste management. The
KMC has been paying Rs. 425/MT of waste thus Supreme Court appointed the Burman
collected. Committee to review the solid waste
management system and then give
Issues related to deficiencies in the existing recommendations. Consequently acting on the
system recommendations Government of India
formulated the Municipal Solid Waste
1. Due to littering of waste and absence of (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000.
segregation, the drains get choked up
frequently. Under these rules ULBs are responsible for the
waste segregation, collection, transportation,
2. A landfill site of 25 acres located in process & management of solid waste. The
Halswade, which is 7 kms from the city responsibility for implementation of these rules is
boundary, has been identified by KMC. The entrusted to Secretary, UDD for Municipal
site has been sanctioned by GoM, but has Corporations & District Collectors for the
not been handed over to KMC due to the Municipal Councils. The rules impose a time
filing of complaints by residents near that bound schedule on ULBs for the
site. implementation, as indicated below
3. The solid waste management (SWM)
department has 1,100 occupied posts.
Around 200 posts are still vacant; thus there
is scope to build the capacity of the
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -23-
Table 13: Schedule under the Municipal Solid Waste Kolhapur City Development Plan
Rules 2000
Natural Environmental Resources
Compliance Criteria Schedule
Kolhapur is founded in locations where nature
Setting up of waste processing and By 31st March 2003 has offered various attractions such as rivers
disposal facilities Once in six months and lakes that could be used for water supply
By 31st March 2001 and waste disposal, and in fertile river valleys
Monitoring the performance of waste By 31st March 2002 with extensive food and animal resources.
processing and disposal facilities
1. Water Bodies
Improvement of existing landfill sites in
terms of these rules Rivers: Kolhapur is surrounded by Bhogavati
and Panchganga rivers which carry water for
Identification of land fill sites for future use most of the year. This water is used for
and preparing them for operations industries, irrigation and community supply.
In Kolhapur there is one existing dumping Bhogavati River: This is the tributary of
site till date, which needs further Panchganga River and confluences at about 8
development to bring it to the status of a km on the east of the city to the Panchganga.
landfill facility as defined under the rules. This is the raw water source for the Balinga
water works.
The second proposed landfill facility has
been sanctioned by GoM, but has not been Panchganga River: This is a tributary of River
handed over to KMC due to the filing of Krishna and is a source of raw water of the new
complaints by residents near that site till Shinganapur water works and Bawada water
date. works. A ghat is developed on the banks of the
river near Shivaji Bridge.
The estimated quantity of waste collection is
170 MT per day, collection is limited to 120 The exploitation of water from the river has
MT (on daily basis) and 40 MT (on twice a sharply altered the river dynamics, destroying
week basis). Thus the collection efficiency is fish populations and depriving downstream
around 86%. users of adequate and unpolluted supplies. The
city had constructed sewerage systems for
The processing of waste is limited to 100 domestic wastes to replace cesspools and privy
MT per day vaults and to improve local health conditions. It
discharges the treated/ partially treated sewage
The rules specifically state that the manual into the river, polluting the water supply of
handling of solid waste has to be avoided at downstream towns and villages.
any cost, however in Kolhapur around 120
MT solid waste is being handled manually. Lakes: There are six lakes in Kolhapur, namely
Rankala Lake, Kotitirth Lake, Hanuman Lake,
The above issues represent the gap that needs Lakshatirtha Lake, Raman Mala Lake, New
to be filled before Kolhapur can meet the Palace Lake. Description of the major lakes is as
standards as recommended by the Burman follows: -
Committee and the consequent rules
Rankala Lake: This lake was developed in
4.2.5 ENVIRONMENT STATUS 1887-1893. It provides for irrigation of about 80
hectares of lands in and around the city. The
Kolhapur city is located in the south-western part northern and the western banks of the lake have
of Maharashtra and is endowed with extremely been developed. The lake supports a wide
fertile soil and plenty of water. In the recent past variety of flora and fauna. It also has significant
the city has rapidly progressed from being a socio-cultural, aesthetic and recreational value.
predominantly agricultural town to an industrial Two major streams feed the lake from the
city. Due to the increase in the internal southern side. Kolhapur Municipal Corporation
population and the rapid influx of people from has provided for tapping these two streams and
surrounding areas the population of Kolhapur also to divert the sewage flowing into the lake
has risen to 4,85,183 according to the 2001 from the urban settlements.
census, with a decadal growth rate of 19.39%.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -24-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
Kotitirth Lake: This is a small bound lake It is necessary to provide treatment followed by
having a great historical value. Due to the disinfection before discharging those Nalla water
pressures of mass bathing, cloth washing, cattle to the river or used for irrigation. Decentralised
washing and sewage disposal, the lake is highly treatment for these nallas will prevent mixing of
polluted. The lake is also used for disposal of sewage in river without treatment.
religious waste and immersion of idols during
festivals. Rainwater and a few natural River Pollution- Panchganga River: Major
infiltrations are the source of water for this lake. factors causing large scale pollution of the river
are
Hanuman Lake: This is situated in Kasaba
Bawada area of Kolhapur. It is a very small lake ▪ Upstream industrial activity, mainly sugar
developed in 2002-2003 industries and distilleries
Table 14: Characteristics of lake water ▪ Nallahs carrying sewage and effluent from
Sewage Treatment Plant of Kolhapur city
Parameter Rankala Lake (mg/l) Kotitirth Hanuman
Lake Feeding Lake Lake ▪ Settlements on the banks of the river on
pH water stream (mg/l) (mg/l) the 35 km stretch between Kolhapur and its
Total 7.20 7.74 confluence with Krishna River.
Solids 62.0 190.0 6.90 7.12
TDS 76.0 38.0 ▪ Groundwater seepages and overflows
TSS 30.0 86.0
BOD 32.0 104.0 46.0 26.0 Table 15: River Water Samples of Panchganga at the
COD 15.0 78.0 30.0 12.0 confluence of Nalla discharges
DO 32.0 6.0
24 124 52.0 8.0 Parameter Dudhali Nalla Jayanti Nalla Bapat Camp Nalla
4.6 0.0 0.0 5.2 pH 7.35 7.13 7.26
BOD 11.87 14.33 19.13
Source: Environmental Status Report of KMC (2003-2004) TS 161
TSS 119.00 150.33 64
2. Tree Plantations and Gardens: Good Chlorides 45.33 60.33 16.67
coverage of vegetation including agriculture 12.67 14.87
and grassland is observed on the banks of
the river, in the city. Out of total area of Source: Environmental Status Report of KMC (2003-2004)
66.82 square kilometres about 24.78 square
kilometres area is under agricultural sector Air Pollution: Kolhapur has changed its earlier
as per the current development plan nature of an agricultural township very rapidly
and has emerged as an industrial and
3. Hills : Tembalai hill is on the eastern side of commercial city. With economic development
the city. A famous temple of goddess ‘ came rapid urbanisation, increased pressures
Tryamboli’ is situated on the hill. Other three on the city’s infrastructure and natural
hills are on the outskirts of the city; resources. Moreover because of increasing
Chambukhadi and Batukeshwar on the population, the traffic density through out the city
north- western side and Pulekhadi on the has also substantially increased.
south-western side.
According to the Environmental Status report for
Environmental Pollution 2003-04, Kolhapur Municipal Corporation has
identified certain areas where the concentration
Water Pollution: Kolhapur Municipal of particulate matter is higher than the ambient
Corporation does not have detailed data air quality standards of the country.
regarding hydrology and pollution, quantity of
sewerage generation and contributing to each Noise Pollution: Environmental noise has
Nalla basin and treatment plant. become one of the greatest sources of nuisance
Topographically, the city can be divided into four in the city. Although apparently simple, the
natural drainage basins. These are: subject of noise pollution is extensive and
a. Jayanti Nalla Basin complicated. According to the Environment
b. Dudhali Nalla Basin Status Report for 2003-04, the following are the
c. Line Bazaar Nalla Basin
d. Bapat camp Nalla Basin
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -25-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
areas with ambient noise more than the service during fire, floods, failure of buildings
applicable standards: - and such natural disasters.
a. Rajarampuri (East side part)- Residential
b. Shahupuri- Residential The department has 204 employees and basic
c. Nagala Park- Residential equipments like fire fighting trucks, ambulance
d. Tararani Chowk- Commercial etc. for use in case of disasters.
e. Dabholkar Corner- Commercial
f. Venus Corner- Commercial 4.2.6 URBAN ROADS AND TRANSPORT
g. Malkar Corner- Commercial
h. Gangavesh- Commercial The city of Kolhapur is well-connected through
i. Rankala Bus Stand- Commercial rail and road transport facilities and also has a
j. Udyamnagar- Industrial few flights connecting it to Belgaum and Mum
bai. It acts as a point for interstate transport
Bio Waste and Hazardous Waste routes between Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka
Management and the southern states, and serves as a key
transport location. It is regionally well-connected
There are around 698 medical institutions to Pune, Sangli, Miraj, Ratnagiri and Nagpur. Its
including Hospitals with more than 500 beds (1 location on the National Highway (NH-4), which
No.s), Hospitals with 50-200 beds (9 No.s) and has been recently converted into four lanes and
other smaller units. All of these units generate may be converted to six lanes, provides ample
biomedical waste. Maharashtra Pollution Control opportunity for tour and travel services. It is a
Board has issued directives for registration of all well-developed city and is steadily developing
such unit under the Bio Medical Waste into an investment zone in the last few years. A
(Management and Handling) Rules 1988. five star MIDC, textile industries, an IT park, a
silver park are now being planned in nearby
There are 4 common Bio Medical waste areas within the district.
processing centres in Kolhapur and surrounding
sub regions of MPCB- The dominant public mode of transport is road
transport with shorter routes connected through
1. Sangli Miraj -Kupwad Municipal the public transport and longer routes being
Corporation (common Bio-Medical Waste applied by the intermediate public transport.
Treatment & Disposal Plant) Bedag Road,
Miraj, Dist.- Sangli. The routes most used and which generate the
maximum income are: Kolhapur – Mumbai,
2. M/s. Surya Central Treatment Facility Kolhapur – Pune, Kolhapur – Solapur, Kolhapur
Center , D-60, MIDC Miraj, Dist.- Sangli. – Bangalore, Kolhapur – Nagpur, Kolhapur –
Hyderabad, Kolhapur – Panaji (Goa), Kolhapur –
3. M/s. DASS Enterprises, R.C. No. 206, Ahmedabad and Kolhapur – Indore.
C.S.No. 29/92 A, Kasaba Bawada, Dist.-
Kolhapur. Table 16: Roads within the City Limits
4. M/s. S.S. Services, R.S. No. 638, C.S.No. Surface Type KMC PWD Road Share
17695, Ichalkaranji, Dist.- Kolhapur. (SH/NH/MDR) length (%)
Cement 17.97
There are 193 units in Kolhapur region which Concrete - 17.97 3%
come under of the Hazardous Waste (M & H) BT (Blacktop) 414.66 414.66 73%
Rules, 1989 as amended in 2003. WBM 74.99 - 113.72 20%
Inventorisation work is completed and report has Gravel/Earthen 24.65 38.73 24.65 4%
already been submitted to H.Q. The total 193 Total 532.27 100%
units generate about 94.3 MT/M incinerable - 571
waste, 2726 MT/M landfillable waste and 217.7 38.73
MT/M of recyclable waste.
Source: Kolhapur Municipal Corporation
Disaster Management
All disaster management activities are under the
head of fire fighting department of Kolhapur
Municipal Corporation. This department provides
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -26-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
Table 18: Problematic Traffic Junctions in the city
Plate 13: Road network map Station Rajaram Other Bottlenecks in the
Road Road Junctions city
▪ CBS ▪ Railway ▪ Varun ▪ Gokul Hotel to
Mahadeo gate no. 2 Tirth Venus Corner
Mandir
▪ Bagal ▪ Shahu ▪ Bagal Chowk to BT
▪ Dabholkar Chowk Madap college
corner
▪ Parvati ▪ Mairajkar ▪ Bagal Chowk to
▪ Gokul Talkies Tikati Parvati Talkies
Hotel
▪ Azad ▪ Deol ▪ Gavat Mandal
▪ Venus Chowk Club ▪ Commerce College
Corner Chowk
▪ Commerce to Bindu Chowk
College ▪ Baicha ▪ Commerce College
Putala
▪ Bindu to Dewal Club
Chowk ▪ Aditya ▪ Malkar Tikati to
Corner
Maratha Bank
Discussions with the stakeholders including ▪ Malkar Tikati to
private citizens, industrialists and Traffic experts
yielded the indicative lists of the major roads, general mutton
major problematic areas and bottlenecks. These market
include, but are not limited to the following: - ▪ Malkar Tikati to
Shivaji Putala
Table 17: Major approached and traffic links in the city ▪ Malkar Tikati to
Papachi Tikati
Major approach roads to the Main traffic links in the city ▪ Mirajkar Tikati to
Shahu Maidan
city ▪ Gangawesh to
Rankalawesh and
1. Shiroli Naka to CPR 1. Dabholkar Corner to further
▪ Railway gate to
Khade Building to
Janata Bazaar
Hospital (Station Road) Tarabai Park
2. Rajaram Road (Railway 2. Jawahar Nagar- Udyam Accidents details in Kolhapur No. of Accidents Persons Died
Persons Injured
gate no. 2 to Bindu Nagar- Parvati Talkies-
Chowk) Gavat Mandai- Shahupuri- 2500
3. Shahu Naka-university- Gokul Hotel N umbers
Baicha Putala-Shahu 3. Gangawesh- Papachi 1925 1820
Stadium- Dewal Club- tikati- Corporation to 2000 1755 1780 1765 1685 1783 1745
15 0 0 1480 1569 1532 1520 1581
Mirajkar Tikti Mutton Market 10 0 0 1592 1575 1489 1599
1485
4. K Bawada- Town hall- 4. Timber Market- Khari
Shivaji Putala Corner- Gandhi maidan-
5. Shivaji Pool to CPR Varun Tirth- Rankala
hospital Wesh- Gangawesh 500 219 247 273 299 286 256 282 293 276
6. Shivaji Putala to 5. Blood Bank- Collector’s
Gangawesh office- Dhairyaprasad 0
19 9 5
7. Phulewadi to 6. Station Road- Basant 19 9 6 19 9 7 19 9 8 19 9 9 2000 2001 2002 2003
Gangawesh Bahar- Collector Office-
8. Sane Guruji Vasahat to Mahavir College
Rankala Wesh 7. Hockey stadium-
9. Kalamba to Filter House Jayaprabha Studio- As the data, the vehicular traffic in Kolhapur has
increased during the period 1997- 2006 with a
10. RK nagar- Subhash Gokhale college- Uma Compounded Annual Growth Rate of 34%. This
has put tremendous pressure on the existing
Nagar- Renuka Mandir Talkies- Ford corner- infrastructure. The number of traffic accidents
has also been observed to increase as shown
Dasara Chowk below: -
8. SSC Board- SIBER
college- Takala
The city has 15 major roads. The roads, which
register the maximum traffic and major
congestion, are the Station Road, the Rajaram
road, the roads connecting K.Bawada to Shivaji
Putala and the roads from Tawde hotel chowk
and Shivaji pool to Venus Chowk. The table
below outlines the road network in the city.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -27-
Table 19: Vehicles Registered in Kolhapur City Kolhapur City Development Plan
Type of No of No. of No of No of as it is unable to increase the fare and the O&M
vehicles Vehicles Vehicles as vehicles vehicles costs have shot up due to the high diesel prices.
as on on as on as on The current O&M cost per km. is Rs. 26.36.
M/ cycles 31.03.97 31.03.2000 31.03.03 31.01.06 Increase in fare needs permission from the
Scooters GoM. Besides this, 12,344 rickshaws ply in
Mopeds 18010 37110 66364 226855 Kolhapur. KMT faces severe competition from
Total 2- 19112 23319 25111 63754 the three-seater and six-seater rickshaws.
wheelers 22616 26716 29334 58633 These rickshaws have stage carriage, i.e., they
Motors cars 59738 87145 120809 349242 pick up passengers from the KMT bus stops.
Jeeps
Stations 5317 6538 9050 26036 Street Lighting: The Corporation has achieved
wagons 1301 2177 2817 15160 almost 95% street light work providing thereby
Taxi cabs 159 175 176 an extensive network of road illuminations.
Auto 707
rickshaws 167 196 206 Parking: The city has currently four parking
Stage 4917 6272 6998 ---- spaces, which are located at Shahapuri,
Carriages 12734 Kapilteerth market, Shivaji market and near
Contract 919 929 929 Mahalaxmi temple. These lots are insufficient
carriages 951 given the inflow of traffic in the city and the
School buses 196 231 293 increasing floating population.
Private 416
services 4 5 6 Key issues:
Ambulance 1 1 1 15
Trucks & 31 The various issues related to roads and public
lorries 12 19 34 transport are listed below:
Tankers 1913 2688 3133 166
Delivery van 8187 Average condition of the roads is bad and
Delivery van ------ 480 520 worsens during the monsoons.
three 778 1308 1683 798
wheeler 378 732 1242 5221 Absence of flyovers at railway crossings
Tractors 4004 causes congestion.
Trailors 409 635 1224
Others 412 503 1310 12585 Development Plan roads are not
Total 24 32 15610 implemented on a timely basis.
76645 110266 37
150468 226 Street lighting is very poor in the newly
452197 developed areas.
Source: RTO office, Kolhapur Encroachments in the Gaonthan area are
very high and thus result in reduction in the
Public transport (city level and nearby areas) usable area of the road.
Kolhapur Municipal Transport (KMT), a KMC Lack of route diversification; bus schedules
undertaking, provides public transport in are not properly planned.
Kolhapur. Currently, there are 149 buses with
KMT of which 117 are on an ownership basis Average condition of the roads is bad.
and an additional 32 on a contract basis. Of Road patchwork is done and the potholes
these, 140 buses, ply in Kolhapur every day. are filled up. Resurfacing of roads does not
The contractors are paid Rs.16.34 per km. happen.
There are 27 identified bus routes in the city.
These buses are also allowed to ply up to 15 Parking is insufficient, especially in
kms. Outside the municipal boundary. The congested areas like the Bhausinghji road,
frequent routes are Kagal to Bondrinagar, the Tarabai road and the Station road.
Sugarmills to Aptenagar and Gandhinagar to
Kolhapur. The buses operate for 34,000 kms. Luxury private buses, cater to inter-state
every day and cater to the needs of around and regional transport have not been
1,25,000 passengers. There are 285 bus stops allocated any parking area. As a result,
in the city. Of these, 125 are owned by KMT, they park on the main roads causing major
125 are rented out on a boot-operate-transfer congestion.
(BOT) basis and 30, which were built by private
parties, have been later transferred to KMT. The No pay and park facilities, same need to be
minimum fare is Rs. 4. The fare was revised last introduced as they will provide an additional
in 2005. KMT faces major financial constraints income to the Corporation and also
discourage parking. Also, parking can be
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation done on a PPP basis.
-28-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
5 URBAN POOR AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT
This section deals with slums and urban poor and access to urban basic service in Kolhapur. The
analysis is based on secondary information and interactions with stakeholders. It also reviews past and
present programs for service delivery to the urban poor in the city. The aim is to identify key issues in
service delivery to the poor in Kolhapur and arrive at strategies that would enable the KMC to address
these issues and fulfil its mandate of providing basic services to the poor in the city.
5.1 POVERTY IN KOLHAPUR are the housing solutions adopted by the
houseless population that do not have access to
oDoiaapBsbephhoenlafoornonfmxouuiescsvuoolultmyeacseeissruuclnnul.ispeiirugfcrnnstdiiFbtvtmhyonggsioaeoeanftai,stretonlsrahmcosaranneseetsnaohuwserortdpnnenrrapafhuewocdgpcetomc,,poivasacisrttceoeqticerhuasaalrvxuctssarjahtonmeeieaesnsyscerr.stslcotkeiibatettmsuytyytekglneriraeekeitoierotttcnoeolhsvynflafaeoeilstKtnlnhlreyedaoegcelpleTdDidconhthtrpoxeeirhhesdoroaeenffoefieiienzunnrsipsvorncusiioefseuattiriiiisimocnndmooirvlcenieif.gnnepienipdtgnttatipalyaiPyioesotstib.ne.slhsnonbyiadotnset,tvaAnhthpdaAMhescdiatceelee(.rhcbeepiefitdt.etiaesyeonuy.slsloto,.oapii,rh,tsvuncitcuablohetunirkilnhntannatierhtotynotodegeneeiroo,gtotffncPba.epcoapnoAovsaovmniebecuormirgltttiyhhtyasyelfgdMatfasneiaoooorsdlrtonle,ufnlovrorvdctmtmimtmdcshhhoel5eaet,oeerveaaslrse4raerynllp,elpetfrsa)moohrd1ch.i-stodsir-ckhov0ooermoleaAuaepuuntomeonahamtsfistsenmidrtfisbispslnuiesnatoorpeluin1ogulgcndencacnala0m.iicodittnadtanimiioeoecfledsFuliuadnfsycarasnitnsKnthradedklaoouaredenerlmtnchp%c0at1ithcozodliap0o1seatieltlnayeopap,p-rd4i1mr.leanculruem49oodadsrliussant7,9xf.ttsuhlntretau.5niOuei1odobmct,5ichht2cnffiich6tplueiiw.utiopetop,tathmyw2rymnahnolee.3hlipesctlpT5Ttio4gaclu.hcnoarhhi4onlhiTttanaveesyevdchsidadt’rrenssiosieeo,4tesrt.enoienn4nc2a1snlrlmel2ara1ttwTreoaraa0tetn.uohehh6atdrr1ndaicened0eeness-t.tl
adequate and safe water, health and sanitation, and
better sanitation education -- is now increasingly being recognized as an Urban basic services are
important indicator of poverty. adequately provided to
facilities and capability the slums in Kolhapur. All
Standard and widely accepted representations of poverty the slums have access to
to function in society are are: the Head Count Index (HCI) signifies the percentage water supply either
of people below poverty line; the Poverty Gap (PG) through pipes or stand
considered, then almost measures the depth of poverty (In statistical terms, this posts provided by KMC.
all slum-dwellers can be
categorized as the
urban poor.
The urban poor stands for the mean distance below the poverty line as Only 15% of the slums do
population (slum percent of the poverty line). not have access to
sewerage or drainage
population) of Kolhapur
facility. Solid waste management facilities are
is estimated to be about 11.60 per cent of the
provided to almost 75% of the area.
total population of the city; the rapid growth of
slums has been largely the function of the In a Below Poverty Line (BPL) survey conducted
economic growth of the city; the non-availability by KMC in 1991, around 12,500 families have
of EWS/LIG housing; and inadequate service been identified with an average household size
levels in some pockets of slums leading to of seven. The criterion used for identifying them
deteriorating environmental problems. was earnings below Rs.591.75 per month. A
5.1.1 SLUMS IN KOLHAPUR majority of the BPL families were employed in
the service sector such as construction,
Slums are semi-permanent shelters, constructed carpentry, masonry, painting, welding, mobile
with common locally available materials. These repairs, and grocery. Most of them hailed from
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -29-
Kolhapur City Development Plan
the neighbouring areas of Beed, Latur, Key issues
Osmanabad, Bijapur and Athni.
Provision of basic infrastructure and service
5.1.2 SLUM IMPROVEMENT AND POVERTY levels in slums, especially those of
ALLEVIATION PROGRAMS sewerage and drainage is inadequate.
Few voluntary community-based
KMC has undertaken several initiatives to organizations are working in the slum
improve the standard of living of the slum
dwellers and to provide them with the basic level areas.
of services. The KMC under the Valmiki
Ambedkar Awas Yojna, has rehabilitated a few Most of the slums are situated on
slums. KMC also receives grants from the State encroached government land. Land tenure
Govt. though MHADA for slum improvement. is a major problem, because of which slum
Shifting of the slums has been difficult for KMC dwellers do not invest adequately in
due to the shortage of land. KMC has housing, fearing eviction.
undertaken several programmes under SJSRY.
It has formed neighbourhood groups of 10 to 40 Shifting of slums becomes difficult due to
families in each area. These groups are shortage of land.
members of the Urban Poverty Eradication Cell.
These groups address the day-to-day needs of
the slum dwellers. Around 10,031 families are a
part of this Neighbourhood Group (NHG) 5.2 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
programme. Besides, KMC also encourages the
formation of self-help groups. The members of 5.2.1 OVERVIEW OF EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE
these groups have to deposit a certain amount
on a recurring basis. They earn a rate of 2% on Kolhapur boasts of a large number of
their deposit. The total amount gathered is then educational institutes at all levels, including
lent to some of the group members at 0% government and private institutions. The
interest depending upon their need. Another infrastructure in Kolhapur for higher education is
scheme carried out by KMC is “Development of comparatively extensive with a number of
Women and Children in Urban Areas”. Under engineering, technical and medical colleges.
this scheme, groups of 10-20 women are Under the innovative and socially reformist
formed. These women come together to start a leadership of Chhattrapati Shahu Maharaj, the
business. They are provided a funding of up to princely ruler of Kolhapur, the city had become
Rs.2,50,000 depending upon their need. Of the at the beginning of this century, a focal point of
total amount, 50% is grant, 45% bank loan and educational opportunities for all classes and
5% self-invested. Most of such groups are communities of South-Western Maharashtra,
engaged in the fields of dairy projects, grocery, and northern parts of neighbouring Karnataka.
etc. KMC also provides training to BPL families This is also land of Karma veer Bhaurao Patil,
for 300 hours in a year over a period of two to who struggled for taking education to the
six months. A stipend of Rs. 100 is paid to masses by his innovative 'Earn and Learn'
every participant. Training is provided in scheme. The education centres in Kolhapur are
stitching, screen painting, mobile repairing, etc. summarised as follows:
Also, exhibitions are organised by KMC to
display and market the products produced by Table 20: Number of educational Institutes
the self-help groups and training centres. The
Corporation also encourages self-employment Education Centres Nos. No. of
amongst BPL families. It provides a loan of up to Students
Rs. 50,000 over a period of three to five years.
Of the total amount, 80% is bank loan, 15% Primary Schools 166 15015
grant and 5% self-invested.
Secondary Schools 81 32800
Colleges 15 4925
5.2.2 SCHOOL EDUCATION
All areas in the Kolhapur Municipal Corporation
is brought under compulsory primary education
and large scale public awareness programs are
being conducted. The age limit for primary
education is 6 to 11 years and compulsory
primary education is only from first to forth
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -30-
standard. There are 166 primary schools in the Kolhapur City Development Plan
city, belonging to both government category and
private category. 18. Shri Shantaram Krushnaji Pant Walawalkar
High School,kolhapur
In year 1940, after demise of Chhattrapati
Rajaram, Kolhapur constituency was managed 19. Princess Padmaraje High School
by council. Queen Tararani was regent of this 20. Dr. Dadasaheb A. Magdum Highschool,
council at that time. To continue the legacy of
educational development work started by Kolhapur
Chhattrapati Shahu Maharaj, the management
and responsibility was handed over to Kolhapur One of the premier schools operated by the
Municipal Corporation on 24th September, 1942. Municipal corporations is the Rajmata Jijabai
According to the regulations devised in 1942, Girls High School. It is the only corporation
education committee came into existence on managed girls high school in the city. This high
21st December 1942 with subsequent elections. school was established in 1954 by Kolhapur
When organization merged into Mumbai region, Municipal Council. Initially it was started in a
education committee got transformed into small place, but now the school has large two
Municipal school board on 9th June 1948 storied building with all amenities. The specialty
conforming to the Mumbai primary education of this school is that all the girls of this school
act, 1947. are given uniforms every year by the
corporation. No fee is collected for any reason.
There are certain schemes which are taken up Text books & note books are supplied from book
from time to time for the encouragement of bank. There is modern laboratory. The high
different sections of society to undertake primary school has 100% grants in aid from corporation.
education for their children. For example in the From 1954 there were 9 headmasters/ head
Savitri Bai Phule adopted children scheme mistresses. At present there are 21 teachers & 8
Minimum of 1000 girls have been admitted non teaching staff members in the high school.
through Late Savitribai Phule adopted children
scheme. Efforts are being taken to increase this 5.2.3 HIGHER EDUCATION
number and all the teachers are constantly
engaged in these efforts. Kolhapur also takes pride in a Shivaji University,
a NAAC five star rated institution. It is most
In addition to the primary schools there are famous for its literature, arts, commerce and
around 81 secondary schools in Kolhapur. The science departments. It is also well known for
names of the some of the well known schools in biotechnology and environmental studies in
Kolhapur are listed as follows: - Maharashtra. It was inaugurated on 18th
November, 1962 by Dr. Radhakrishnan, the then
1. Vidyapeeth Highschool President of India.
2. Nutan Marathi Highschool
3. New HighSchool, Kolhapur Plate 14: Shivaji University
4. Maharashtra Highschool
5. V S Khandekar Highschool One of the major objectives behind foundation of
6. S M Lohiya Highschool this University was to cater to the regional needs
7. Sri Ram Vidyalaya, Highschool of South Maharashtra. The jurisdiction of the
8. Holy Cross Convent Highschool, Kolhapur University is spread over four districts viz.
9. St. Xavier's School, Kolhapur Kolhapur, Sangli, Satara and Solapur with
10. Tararani Vidyapith strength of about 2,00,000 students studying in
11. Murgud HighSchool Murgud,(MVM)* 275 affiliated colleges and recognised institutes.
12. New Model English School
13. Tavanappa Patne high school -31-
14. Fort International School.
15. Sou. Nalini Shantaram Pant Walawalkar
Prashala[MaiSaheb Bawdekar School]
16. Panhala Vidyamandir, Panhala
17. Chhatrapati Shahu Vidyalaya, New Palace,
Kolhapur
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation
Kolhapur City Development Plan
The University imparts education in 10 major The major engineering colleges in Kolhapur and
faculties of Arts, Social Science, Science, nearby towns are as follows:
Commerce, Education, Fine Arts, Law,
Medicine, Ayurvedic Medicine, Engineering and 1. Kolhapur Institute of Technology [KIT],
Technology. The University has started Post- Kolhapur
graduate teaching centre at Solapur in 3 Post-
graduate Departments. The faculties of Arts and 2. Government College of Engineering, Karad
Social Sciences are also gearing up to meet the 3. SPSMBH's College Of Architecture,
demands of changing time. Establishment of
Centre for Women's Studies and extension Kolhapur
activities through Adult and Continuing 4. D.Y. Patil College of Engineering &
Education and Shramik Vidyapeeth are
indicators of this change. Department of Technology, Kolhapur
Economics has been selected by UGC for its 5. Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering
Special Assistance Programme. Departments of
Sociology, Education, Geography, Physics and and Technology Warnanagar
Economics are offering special courses in 6. D.K.T.E. Society's Textile and Engineering
emerging areas like Environmental Science is
also functioning actively. The University is Institute, Ichalkaranji
encouraging merit by introducing a unique 7. Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of
scheme called 'Shivaji University Merit
Scholarship' offering 500 scholarships to Engineering, Kolhapur
meritorious students in affiliated colleges. It has 8. Dr. J.J. Magdum College of Engineering
also instituted research fellowships for Ph. D.
students in the Post-Graduate Departments of [Jaysingpur]
the University. The University has made a
budget provision of about Rs. 45 Lakh for these The major medical colleges in Kolhapur and
scholarships out of its own funds. nearby towns are as follows:
Shivaji University has proposed the setting up of 1. R.C.S.M Govt. Medical College, Kolhapur
a National Institute of Agri-bio Technology and 2. D.Y.Patil Medical College, Kolhapur
an International School of Engineering and 3. Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad
Technology. These institutions are expected to 4. Mahatma Gandhi Medical Trust's Tatysaheb
be operational by 2007-08. The University also
proposes to set up a National Law School and Kore Dental College, Warananagar
an entrepreneurial development institution. 5. Yashwant Ayurvedic Medical College,Kodoli
Currently, the University has introduced a
practice of sending 30 artisans per month to the 5.2.4 OVERVIEW OF HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE
Central Leather Research Institute in Chennai to
train them in quality production and update them Kolhapur city is one of the growing cities in
with the latest customer trends. The University Maharashtra, with an area of 66.82 sq km. and a
has also introduced a PG Diploma in leather population of nearly 4,85,183 residents (Census
technology. It is focussing on modernisation of 2001). The population density stands very high
the existing courses and the newly applied at 7261 persons/sq.kms., which is 25 times the
science courses. There are also two other major state density and 17 times the district density.
universities in Kolhapur -- Bhartiya Vidyapeeth, The basic health indicators for the city of
known for management, pharmacy and law, and Kolhapur are given below: -
D.Y. Patil University famous for its medical
courses. Symbiosis is also planning to set up a Table 21: Basic health indicators
governance program and executive training
program at Kagal. Indicator Value
Population 5,16,000 (According to 2005 mid-year
estimate by the Health Department, KMC)
Household Size
Sex Ratio 4.82 persons/ Household
Birth Rate 930 Females/ 1000 Males
Death Rate
Infant Mortality 35.4 Births/ 1000 Population
Rate 12.1 Deaths/ 1000 Population
31.77/ 1000 Births
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation -32-
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