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History • 41 year old, right handed female, who presents to the ED with worsening headaches and 3 day history of nausea and vomiting.

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Published by , 2016-03-08 07:57:03

January 12th, 2010 - University of Minnesota

History • 41 year old, right handed female, who presents to the ED with worsening headaches and 3 day history of nausea and vomiting.

CASE OF THE WEEK

January 12th, 2010

History

• 41 year old, right handed female, who presents 
to the ED with worsening headaches and 3 day 
history of nausea and vomiting.

• She did undergo a lumbar puncture 11 days ago 
and the opening pressure was recorded at 37 cm 
of water.

• Seen by ophthalmologist 2 days earlier and she 
was told that she had “pressure on her optic 
nerve.”

Past medical history

• Fibromyalgia
• Asthma
• Arthritis
• Cholecystectomy
• Right carpal tunnel release surgery

Meds   : Lisinopril, Albuterol, Tramadol

Allergies
Several

Family History
No history of aneurysm, stroke, seizures, brain tumors, bleeding disorders

Social History
Homemaker, no alcohol or tobacco abuse

Review of systems
Chronic headache, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, blurry vision

Exam:  Systolic BP in 200’s, papilledema, right worse than left. Otherwise 
neurologically intact.





Differential Diagnosis/Etiology of 
Intraventricular hemorrhage in Adults

• Arteriovenous malformations
• Aneurysm
• Moyamoya disease
• Tumors of the choroid plexus
• Colloid cyst
• Rupture of the vein of galen
• Coagulopathy
• Hypertensive hemorrhage

Primary intraventricular hemorrhage 
(PIVH)

• Incidence of PIVH among all patients with intracranial hemorrhage 
is 2.5 ‐ 3.1%.

• 2 clinical groups:

• (1) classical clinical picture  sudden coma, signs of brain stem dysfunction.
• (2) headache, vomiting, confusion and drowsiness and sometimes transient 

loss of consciousness

• Prognosis of PIVH is reported to be better than the prognosis of
patients with secondary intraventricular hemorrhage.

• Most frequent risk factor is arterial hypertension.

• Peak age of PIVH ranges between 40‐60 years.

• Male to female ratio in one series was 1.4:1.

• AVM is found in 21‐ 31% of patients undergoing 
catheter based angiogram.

• Blood that extravasates into the ventricle in PIVH 
associated with arterial hypertension usually comes 
from the choroid plexus, caudate or thalamus.

• Hydrocephalus is frequently seen due to 
obstruction of CSF circulation or impairment 
in meningeal absorption.

• In hospital mortality has been reported to 
range from 20‐46%.

Case follow up

• Patient underwent placement of external ventricular 
drain.

• Catheter based angiogram and MRI brain negative for 
vascular malformation and tumor.

• Improved clinically and attempt was made to wean off 
EVD. However, failed clamping trial.

• Underwent placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunt.


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