Part 1 Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness

The 2013 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress: Part 1

47

61HNSUChtnoaaiamltdcteicreooelennmEssaapsnnlatedniEsmisYesoditanuitHmttehhoesamtUeenlesitsesd States Data source: PIT 2013; Puerto Rico and U.S. territories
were excluded.

Exhibit 6.4: Estimates of Unaccompanied Homeless Children and Youth
By State, 2013

WA ME, 307
1,136
MT ND VT, 86
165 206
OR ID SD MN NH,116
1,204 138 WY 63 733 WI NY MA, 518
107 NE
282 382 MI 3,670 RI, 73
CO 1,087
508 KS IA PA CT, 235
NV NM 101 195 OH 850 NJ, 696
1,922 403 MO IL IN 912 VA DE, 35
CA UT 632 1,055 319 WV 314 MD, 383
15,469 140 DC, 164
AZ KY 252
675 384 Share of Unaccompanied
NC, 876 HomelessChildren and Youth
OK AR TN, 598 SC
480 290 319 Less than 1%
TX 1%–2.9%
2,072 MS AL GA 3%–6%
334 394 1,113 Greater than 6%
LA
AK 486
168

FL 3,461

HI
209

On a Single Night in January 2013 • Some states had high rates of unsheltered
unaccompanied children and youth. Nevada
• States with the largest numbers of had the highest rate, with 88 percent of
unaccompanied homeless children and youth unaccompanied homeless people under 25
under 18 were: California (2,144), Florida living outdoors. California and Hawaii also had
(1,542), and Texas (718). Together, California, very high rates of unsheltered unaccompanied
Florida, and Texas had 58 percent of all children and youth, with 79 percent and
unaccompanied children and youth under 18 70 percent.
in the country.
• Delaware did not report any unsheltered
• California (13,605), New York (3,497), unaccompanied children or youth in 2013.
and Florida (2,344) had the largest numbers Maine had the second lowest rate, with only
of homeless youth 18 to 24. Together, 4 percent of its unaccompanied children and
California, New York, and Florida accounted youth population living outdoors.
for 47 percent of all unaccompanied youth
18 to 24 in the country.

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The 2013 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress: Part 1

California, Florida, and Texas accounted
for 58% of all unaccompanied children
in the United States.

Exhibit 6.5: Highest and Lowest Rates of Unsheltered Homeless Children and Youth
By State, 2013

State Total Unaccompanied Unsheltered Unaccompanied % of Unaccompanied
Children and Youth Children and Youth Children and Youth who
Highest Rates
Nevada 1,922 1,693 were Unsheltered
California 15,469 12,253
Hawaii 88.1
Montana 209 147 79.2
Oregon 165 110 70.3
Lowest Rates 1,204 716 66.7
Delaware 59.5
Maine 35 0
Nebraska 307 11 0.0
Iowa 282 11 3.6
New York 195 10 3.9
3,670 253 5.1
6.9

49

61EHUNChnosaiamtltdciemicrooelennmasstaapnenlaedsnEsisYebsoditnyuiHmttChhoeaomtUCeenlesitsesd States Data source: PIT 2013; Puerto Rico and U.S. territories were excluded.
Several CoCs reported large changes that were attributable, in some part, to
important methodological changes that occurred between 2012 and 2013.
These CoCs were excluded from tables.

Exhibit 6.6: Unaccompanied On a Single Night in January 2013
Children and Youth
By CoC Category, 2013 • Major city CoCs accounted for 35 percent of
unaccompanied children and youth under 18.
0% 34.6 100% Smaller city, county, and regional CoCs
47.5 accounted for half of unaccompanied children
Unaccompanied 45.8 49.7 15.7 and youth under 18 in 2013. BoS or statewide
Children CoCs accounted for 16 percent of homeless
39.2 13.3 children and youth under 18.
Unaccompanied 40.6 13.6
Youth • The distribution was considerably different
for unaccompanied youth between 18 and 24.
Unaccompanied Major city CoCs accounted for 48 percent of
Children and Youth unaccompanied youth 18 to 24. Just more than
39 percent of youth 18 to 24 were located in
Major City CoCs smaller city, county, and regional CoCs, and
Smaller City, County, and Regional CoCs 13 percent were located in BoS or statewide.
Balance of State or Statewide CoCs

50

The 2013 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress: Part 1

• Five major city CoCs (Los Angeles, California; • Many CoCs had high rates of unaccompanied
New York, New York; San Francisco, California; unsheltered children and youth. Of major city
Las Vegas, Nevada; and San Jose, California) CoCs, four had rates of higher than 8 in 10
accounted for 29 percent of all unaccompanied (San Jose, California; Las Vegas, Nevada; San
homeless children and youth in the country. Francisco, California; and Fresno, California).
Los Angeles had the largest number (6,018 Smaller city, county, and regional CoCs had
or 13 percent), followed by New York (2,570 or even higher rates, with five having unsheltered
6 percent). rates of over 95 percent (Watsonville/Santa
Cruz, California; Santa Rosa, California; San
• Eight of the ten smaller city, county, and Luis Obispo, California; Appalachian Regional,
regional CoCs with the largest numbers of Tennessee; and Pasco County, Florida).
unaccompanied homeless children and youth
were located in Florida or California. Santa • Rates of unsheltered unaccompanied children
Rosa, California had the largest number of all and youth were lower for BoS or statewide
unaccompanied children and youth (1,128). CoCs. However, in Texas BoS and Georgia
BoS, roughly three-quarters of unaccompanied
• Texas BoS had the largest number of its children and youth were unsheltered.
category, with 601 unaccompanied children
and youth under the age of 25.

Exhibit 6.7: CoCs with the Largest Numbers of Unaccompanied Children and Youth
By CoC Category, 2013

Major City CoCs Smaller City, County, Balance of State
and Regional CoCs or Statewide CoCs

CoC Total CoC Total CoC Total
Unaccompanied Unaccompanied Unaccompanied

Children and Children and Children and
Youth Youth Youth

Los Angeles, CA 6,018 Santa Rosa/Petaluma/ 1,128 Texas Balance of State 601
New York City, NY Sonoma County, CA 938 Georgia Balance of State 475
443
San Francisco, CA 2,570 Watsonville/Santa Cruz 479 Oregon Balance of State
City & County, CA 309
Las Vegas/Clark 377 Michigan Balance of State 292
County, NV 1,902 Orlando/Orange, 375 Washington Balance of 290
San Jose/Santa Clara Osceola, Seminole
City & County, CA Counties, FL State 249
San Diego City 322 Ohio Balance of State 247
& County, CA 1,861 Pasco County, FL 240
Seattle/King County, WA 284 New Mexico Balance 238
Houston/Harris 1,157 Salinas/Monterey, San of State
County, TX Benito Counties, CA
Chicago, IL 273 North Carolina Balance
Portland-Gresham- 594 St. Petersburg/ of State
Multnomah County, OR Clearwater/Largo/Pinellas
County, FL 212 Maine Balance of State
206 Missouri Balance of State
533 Beaumont/Port Arthur/
South East Texas

431 Santa Ana/Anaheim/
Orange County, CA

411 New Orleans/Jefferson
Parish, LA

381 Palm Bay/Melbourne/
Brevard County, FL

51

61ENUHChnosaiamtltdciemicrooelennmasstaapnenlaedsnEsisYebsoditnyuiHmttChhoeaomtUCeenlesitsesd States Data source: PIT 2013; Puerto Rico and U.S. territories were excluded.
Several CoCs reported large changes that were attributable, in some
part, to important methodological changes that occurred between
2012 and 2013. These CoCs were excluded from tables.

Exhibit 6.8: CoCs with the Highest and Lowest Rates of Unaccompanied Homeless
Children and Youth Who are Unsheltered
By CoC Category, 2013

Major City CoCs Smaller City, County, Balance of State
and Regional CoCs and Statewide CoCs

CoC Total Homeless % CoC Total Homeless % CoC Total Homeless %
Unaccompanied Unsheltered Unaccompanied Unsheltered Unaccompanied Unsheltered
Youth Under 25 Youth Under 25 Youth Under 25

Highest Rates

San Jose/Santa 1,157 91.3 Watsonville/Santa 938 97.2 Georgia 475 77.9
Clara City & Cruz City & County, Balance of
County, CA CA State

Las Vegas/Clark 1,861 88.4 Santa Rosa/ 1,128 95.1 Texas Balance 601 73.0
County, NV Petaluma/Sonoma of State
County, CA

San Francisco, CA 1,902 86.7 San Luis Obispo 201 95.0 Nevada 22 68.2
County, CA Balance of
State

Fresno/Madera 358 83.8 Appalachian 20 95.0 Montana 165 66.7
County, CA Regional, TN Statewide

Los Angeles City 6,018 78.5 Pasco County, FL 377 95.0 Oregon 443 65.0
& County, CA Balance of
State

Lowest Rates

Omaha/Council 98 0.0 Central Tennessee 47 0.0 Delaware 35 0.0
Bluffs, NE Statewide

Charlotte/ 53 0.0 DuPage County, IL 54 0.0 Nebraska 63 3.2
Mecklenberg, NC Balance of
State

Cleveland/ 97 1.0 Portland, ME 67 0.0 Massachusetts 30 3.3
Cuyahoga County, Balance of
OH State

Raleigh/Wake 79 2.5 Amarillo, TX 84 0.0 Iowa Balance 126 4.0
County, NC of State

Minneapolis/ 244 2.9 St. Louis County, 90 0.0 Maine Balance 240 4.6
Hennepin County, MO of State
MN

52

The 2013 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress: Part 1

53

INnavetinotnoarlyEosftiBmeadtess Data source: HIC 2007–2013

71iHnotmheelUesnsitneedssSitnattehse, 2U0n1it3ed States

Exhibit 7.1: Inventory of Beds for Homeless
and Formerly Homeless People

284,298
274,786
267,106

236,798 238,708

211,451 211,222 219,381 221,610 225,840 229,206

214,425 201,879 197,192
211,205 205,062 207,589
188,636
195,724 200,623 185,332

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Transitional Housing
Emergency Shelter
Permanent Supportive Housing

The following section describes the nation’s are housed. Permanent housing programs
capacity to house persons in shelter and include: rapid re-housing (RRH) and permanent
permanent housing. These data provide snapshot supportive housing (PSH). RRH, a new inventory
estimates of the number of beds in each program type this year, provides short-term rental
type serving homeless and formerly homeless assistance to households (mostly to families)
people. Sheltered programs are for persons who experiencing homelessness. RRH programs place
are considered homeless when they enter and families into rental housing soon after they access
during their stay in the program. There are emergency shelter, and families are provided
two types of sheltered programs for homeless with services to stabilizing them in the housing
people: emergency shelters (ES), which provide unit and subsequently maintain the unit on their
temporary or nightly shelter beds to people own. Last year, RRH beds were included under
experiencing homelessness; and transitional TH programs. While the shorter-term nature of
housing (TH) programs, which typically provide TH and RRH are similar, people in TH often need
homeless people with up to 24 months of housing more intensive services, and typically graduate
and supportive services. from transitional housing programs into more
permanent housing situations (either in the same
This section also provides a snapshot of unit or another unit). PSH is long-term housing
permanent housing beds which require for formerly homeless people, often used to serve
persons to be homeless when they enter but chronically homeless people.
are considered formerly homeless after they

54

The 2013 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress: Part 1

Exhibit 7.2: Inventory of Beds
2013

Beds for Individuals Beds for People Beds for Child-only Beds for Total
in Families Household Beds Year-round Beds

Emergency Shelter # % # % # % # %
Transitional Housing 117,885 49.4 118,107 49.5 2,716 1.1 238,708 100
Rapid Rehousing 82,205 44.4
Permanent Supportive 21.9 101,843 54.9 1,284 0.7 185,332 100
Housing 4,132 62.0
Safe Havens 176,128 15,703 79.1 12 0.06 19,847 100
Total Beds 108,065 38.0 105 0.03 284,298 100

2,191 100.0 343,718 47.1 4,117 100 2,191 100
382,541 52.4 730,376 100

Exhibit 7.3: Change in National Inventory of Beds
2007–2013

2012–2013 2007–2013

#% #%

Total Beds 27,063 4.2 119,084 19.5

Emergency Shelter 9,502 4.1 27,257 12.9

Transitional Housing* -11,860 -6.1 -25,873 -12.3

Rapid Rehousing* 19,847 N/A 19,847 N/A

Permanent Supportive Housing 9,512 3.5 95,662 50.7

*R RH was included under TH between 2011 and 2012. In 2013, RRH became its own category. Due to shifting inventories and changing
program designs, it is impossible to know how many of the RRH beds in 2013 were included under TH in 2012, and not included as TH using
a RRH model in 2013 (which was an option for communities to select in 2013).

On a Single Night in January 2013 were in TH programs. Very few beds for
homeless people are provided through SH
• There were 730,376 year-round (or total) beds programs (0.5 percent).
available in ES, TH, RRH, and PSH programs.
• Of the 304,145 permanent housing beds, most
• Fifty-eight percent were for homeless people in were in PSH programs (284,298 beds or 93
shelter (or 426,231 beds) and 42 percent were percent); a small share were in RRH programs
permanent housing beds (or 304,145 beds). (19,847 beds or 7 percent).

• Among the sheltered beds targeted to
homeless people, 238,708 beds (or 56 percent)
were in ES and 185,332 beds (or 44 percent)

55

NInavetinotnoarlyEosftiBmeadtess Data source: HIC 2007–2013

71HinotmheelUesnsitneedssSitnattehse, 2U0n1it3ed States

Exhibit 7.4: Bed Inventory Beds by Household Type, 2013
By CoC Category, 2013
Communities were asked to identify the number
0% 48.5 34.4 100% of beds targeted to households with children
Emergency 39.7 17.0 (people in families), households without children
25.0 (individuals), and households with only children.
Shelter 44.1 16.2 The distribution of beds can be explained by the
Transitional 48.5 different objectives of each program type.
48.7 47.0 27.9
Housing • ES and TH programs were designed to serve
40.8 10.7 homeless people, but not a particular household
Rapid type. ES beds were evenly distributed between
Rehousing 47.5 3.9 individuals (49 percent) and people in families
Permanent (50 percent); just more than 1 percent of
Supportive beds were dedicated to households with
only children.
Housing

Safe Haven

Major City CoCs
Smaller City, County, and Regional CoCs
Balance of State or Statewide CoCs

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The 2013 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress: Part 1

Exhibit 7.5: Inventory of Beds for Chronically Homeless People
2007–2013

74,693 81,666

37,807 42,298 50,602 55,256 67,964 9.3% 2007–2013
6,973
11.9% 19.6% 9.2% 23.0% 9.9% 116%
5,199 8,304 4,654 12,708 6,729 43,859

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

• TH beds were more likely to be designated • Only 25 percent of RRH beds were located in
for people in families (55 percent) than for major cities in 2013. Nearly half (48 percent)
individuals (44 percent). Less than 1 percent of were located in smaller city, county, and
beds were for households with only children. regional CoCs, and 28 percent were located in
BoS or statewide CoCs.
• RRH was designed to predominantly serve
homeless people in families. As a result, nearly • Nearly half of PSH beds (49 percent) were in
8 in 10 beds are for people in families. major cities, 41 percent were in smaller city,
county, and regional CoCs and 11 percent were
• In contrast, PSH predominantly served in BoS or statewide CoCs.
homeless individuals, often those with chronic
patterns of homelessness. In 2013, roughly Beds for Chronically Homeless
62 percent of PSH beds were targeted to People, 2013
individuals and 38 percent were designated
for people in families. For many years, HUD has encouraged local
communities to retool their homelessness
Beds by CoC Category, 2013 response systems through the development and
targeting of PSH beds for those experiencing
The distribution of beds by CoC category chronic homelessness.
provides interesting insight into different
approaches to addressing homelessness. • In 2013, there were 81,666 PSH beds available
and targeted to people experiencing chronic
• Nearly half of ES beds (49 percent) were homelessness, representing 29 percent of all
located in major cities. One-third of ES beds PSH beds in the nation.
were in smaller city, county, and regional
CoCs, and 17 percent were located in BoS or
statewide CoCs.

• Fewer TH beds were located in major city
CoCs. Only 39 percent were in major cities
while 44 percent were in smaller city, county,
and regional CoCs, and 16 percent were
located in BoS or statewide CoCs.

57

NInavetinotnoarlyEosftiBmeadtess Data source: HIC 2007–2013

71iHnotmheelUesnsitneedssSitnattehse, 2U0n1it3ed States

Since 2012 Since 2007

• Between 2012 and 2013, the total inventory • There were 27,257 more ES beds in 2013 than
of beds targeted explicitly to homeless and there were in 2007, an increase of 13 percent.
formerly homeless people in the United States
increased by 27,063 beds, or 4 percent. • In contrast, the number of TH beds has
declined each year, with the exception of 2009,
• Since 2012, the number of sheltered beds for when RRH was added to the TH inventory.
homeless people declined by 6,259 beds, or Between 2007 and 2013, TH beds declined by
2 percent. The decline is attributed to the 25,873 or 12 percent.
reclassification of RRH beds. Between 2012 and
2013, RRH programs were removed from the • Between 2007 and 2013, the number of PSH
TH category and put into their own category, beds has risen each year. An additional 95,662
which is considered permanent housing. Thus, PSH beds (or 51 percent) were added to the
the number of TH beds for homeless people overall inventory over the past 6 years. This
declined by 11,860 or 6 percent. The decline reflects the national emphasis on housing
offset the 4 percent increase (or 9,502 beds) in chronically homeless people, and ending
the number of ES beds. homelessness among this group.

• The inventory of permanent housing beds • The number of PSH beds targeted to people
increased over the past year, by 29,359 beds or experiencing chronic homelessness has
7 percent. The increase was driven largely by increased dramatically. The nation added
the addition of RRH beds to the inventory. 43,859 PSH beds for chronically homeless
The number of PSH beds increased by 9,512 people (a 116 percent increase) since 2007.
or 4 percent.

• The number of PSH beds targeted to people
experiencing chronic homelessness increased
by 6,973 beds, or 9 percent.

58



The U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development

Office of Community Planning and Development