Sultan Abu Bakar

DIGITAL SCRAPBOOK:
LEADER IN JOHORE
SULTAN ABU BAKAR

NAME MUHAMMAD AMIRUL HAZIQ BIN MOHD SANI
CLASS 4 AMAL
E-MAIL ADDRESS [email protected]
SCHOOL NAME SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN KULAI BESAR
SCHOOL ADRESS SMK KULAI BESAR, BATU 19, JALAN AIR HITAM, 81000,
KULAI, JOHOR

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NUM SUBJECT PAGE
1 1
2 INTRODUCTION 2-3
3 4
4 BIODATA OF SULTAN ABU BAKAR 5-6
5 SULTAN ABU BAKAR’S EDUCATION 7
6 SULTAN ABU BAKAR’S CAREER 8
7 SULTAN ABU BAKAR’S CONTRIBUTIONS 9
8 SULTAN ABU BAKAR’S LEADERSHIP VALUES 10

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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Sultan Abu Bakar is the most famous leader in our
country. His wisdom in ruling the state of Johore not only made
him respected in our country, but all over the world. The first
Sultan in the state of Johore undertook various efforts to
modernize the state of Johore. Among them is he established
diplomatic relations with the Riau-Lingga government. Besides
that, he also combines Malay tradition with western bureaucracy.
These efforts made him known as the Father of Modern Johore.

However, to what extent do these efforts continue to be
practiced by leaders nowdays? Although Sultan Abu Bakar has
long faced the Divine, but his leadership should be followed by
leaders nowdays. This is because the idea of his leadership is a
very valueable legacy and irreplaceable.

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FULL NAME Wan Abu Bakar ibni Temenggung Seri Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim
Sultan Sir Abu Bakar ibni Almarhum Temenggung Seri Maharaja
REGNAL Tun Daeng Ibrahim
NAME 3 February 1833

DATE OF Istana Lama, Telok Blangah, Singapore
BIRTH

PLACE OF
BIRTH

FATHER Raja Tun Temenggung Daeng Ibrahim

MOTHER Inche Ngah
RELIGION
REIGN Islam
CORONATION
SPOUSE 13 February 1886 - 4 June 1895

29 July 1886

First wife: Second wife:
Wan Chik bt Muhammad Tahir Cecila Catherina Lange
Her Muslim name: Zubaidah binti
Abdullah

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Third wife: Fourth wife:
Wong Ah Gew Khadijah Khanum
Her Muslim name: Fatimah
binti Abdullah

SON AND 1) Tunku Ibrahim Iskandar 4) Tunku Azizah
DAUGHTER

2) Tunku Mariam 5) Tunku Fatimah
3) Tunku Besar Putri

DIED  Date: 4 June 1895 (when he was 62 years old)
BURIAL  Place: Bailey’s Hotel, South Kensington, London, United

Kingdom

 Date: 7 September 1895
 Place: Mahmoodiah Royal Mausoleum, Johor Bahru, Johor

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 When he was child, he studied about Islam and customs such as
Traditional Malay Laws through local teachers in Telok Blangah, his
father’s village.

 Later, he was sent to Sekolah Melayu Telok Blangah, a missionary
school run by Reverend Benjamin Peach Keasberry. In this school, he
taught civilized, speak English and Malay.

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In 1851:
 Temenggung Daeng Ibrahim had delegated Abu Bakar, who was 18 years old,
to assist him in negotiations against Sultan Ali, who was making an attempt to
claim sovereignty over Johore.
 In this year, Temenggung Daeng Ibrahim gradually handed over his
administrative duties to Abu Bakar due to his deteriorating health.
 During this period, several British officer praised Abu Bakar’s excellent
diplomatic capabilities.

In 1862 until 1868:
 In 1862, Abu Bakar ascended the throne as the Temenggung of Johore. He
took over this throne three days after the day of his father’s death.

At 30 June 1868:
 Starting this date, Abu Bakar received the title of Maharaja Abu Bakar Al-
Khalil. This title was given by Queen Victoria, the ruler of Great Britain at
the time.
 In this time, he had controlled the entire province of Johore after the death of
Sultan Ali in 1877.

Ratu Victoria

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At 13 February 1886:
 Maharaja Abu Bakar began to use the title of Sultan.
Sultan Abu Bakar

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Sultan Abu Bakar has given a lot of contributions to the development of the
state of Johore. Among them is he has developed the Kangchu System introduced by
his father, Temenggung Daeng Ibrahim to strengthen the economy of Johore. After
the Johore Grand Palace was completed in 1866, Sultan Abu Bakar moved the capital
of Johore from Singapore to Tanjung Puteri (Johor Bahru). The palace is seen as
more stately than the residence of the governor of the Strait Settlements as well as
highlighting the symbol of Johore’s political power. Besides that, he created
bureaucratic structure and the advisory council consisting of leaders of the local
Malay and two Chinese leaders. At the same time, he created the Treasury
Department, the Police Department, the Land and Works Department, the Medical
Department and the Marine Department. To further streamline the administration, he
revised the Johore state laws so that they were in line with Western ideas.

Furthermore, he appointed 4 commisioners or regional officers for the region
of Endau, East Coast, West Coast and Muar. While the rest of the area is
administered by 13 residents and 2 representatives for the islands in the Straits of
Malacca and the South China Sea. He also built schools, hospitals, police stations as
well as introduced postal service and Royal Johore Military Force (JMF). In addition,
he maintained the independence of Johore by establishing formal relation with Britain
through an agreement signed on 11 December 1885. Lastly, he legislated Undang-
undang Tubuh Kerajaan Johor in 1895 to avoid British interference in the
administration of Johore.

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From Sultan Abu Bakar’s leadership history, there are a lot of value that can
be emulated by the current generation. Among them is we should emulate the nature
of love for the homeland as highlighted by Sultan Abu Bakar. For instance, he
enacted Undang-undang Tubuh Kerajaan Johor to save Johore’s administration from
British interference. Besides, we must instill a responsible nature in ourselves. For
example, Sultan Abu Bakar was responsible in developing Kangchu System
introduced by his father, Temenggung Daeng Ibrahim so that Johore’s economy
would be more stable. Lastly, we should be a wise person in managing the
administration of an institution or country. For instance, Sultan Abu Bakar only
appointed British officer as consular officer but not as his advisor to prevent Johore
from being controlled by British.

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In conclusion, Sultan Abu Bakar has given many contributions to
the modernize and independence of the state of Johore. Through his
career and contributions in the administration of the state of Johore, his
leadership should be appreciated by all of us. The administration carried
out by him was not only suitable to be practiced in his period, but can
also be practiced by leaders today. As the present generation, we should
maintain the contributions that have been given by previous leaders so
that the success felt today can be felt by future generation.

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1. https://ms.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_ibni_Almarhum_Raja_Teme
nggung_Tun_Daeng_Ibrahim

2. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Johor
3. https://www.thepatriots.asia/maharaja-abu-bakar-bapa-permodenan-johor/

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