1 1 2 HEAD LOSS IN PIPELINE SYSTEM Pipeline Problems 1. Discharge to atmosphere + 1 2 2 + = + 2 2 2 + 2+shock loss + friction loss Example: Water from a large reservoir is discharged to atmosphere through a 100 mm diameter pipe 450 m long. The entry from the reservoir to the pipe is sharp and the outlet is 12 m below the surface level in the reservoir. Taking f = 0.01 in the Darcy formula, calculate the discharge 100
HEAD LOSS IN PIPELINE SYSTEM Pipeline Problems 2. Pipe in series Example: Water is discharged from a reservoir into the atmosphere through a pipe 39 m long. There is a sharp entrance to the pipe and the diameter is 50 mm for the first 15 m from the entrance. The pipe then enlarges suddenly to 75 mm in diameter for the remainder of its length. Taking into account the loss of head at entry and at the enlargement, calculate the difference of level between the surface of the reservoir and the pipe exit which will maintain a flow of 2.8 dm3 /s. Take f as 0.0048 for the 50 mm pipe and 0.0058 for the 75 mm pipe. 101
HEAD LOSS IN PIPELINE SYSTEM Pipeline Problems 2. Hydraulic Gradient Example: Two reservoirs are connected by a pipeline which is 150 mm in diameter for the first 6 m and 225 mm in diameter for the remaining 15 m. The entrance and exit are sharp and the change of section is sudden. The water surface in the upper reservoir is 6 m above that in the lower. Tabulate the losses of head which occur and calculate the rate of flow in m3 /s. Friction coefficient f is 0.01 for both pipes. 102
T H E E N D O F C H A P T E R F IVE
R E F E R E N C E S Douglas,J.F (1993). Solving Problems in Fluid Mechanics – Volume 1; Longman; Singapore. Douglas,J.F, J.M Gasiorek & J.A Swaffield (1996). Fluids Mechanics – (3 rd ed); Longman; Singapore. Eastop,T.D & A. McConkey (1983). Applied Thermodynamics For Engineering Technologists (3rd ed); Longman; New York. Janna, William S.(1987). Introduction To Fluid Mechanics (2 nd ed); PWS Publishers; Massachusetts. Mohd Gomenon bin Su (1989). Teknologi Haba & Bendalir; Delta; Selangor Munson,Bruce R, Donald F.Young &Theodore H.Okiishi(1998). Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics-(3 rd ed);John Wiley & Sons,Inc; Canada Prasuhn, Alan L (1980). Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics; Prentice-Hall; London R.S Khurmi (1975). A Text Book of Hydraulics, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines; S. Chand & Co; New Delhi.
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