MOLECULES & CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

MOLECULES &
CELL STRUCTURE
AND FUNCTIONS

BIOLOGY SB105 ASSIGNMENT

BY MUHAMMAD SYAHIN BIN SHAIFOL
PRAKTIKUM :H1T02A

MATRICS NO : MS22123201370

*SET E QUESTIONS TABLE OF
1 MAIN TYPE OF MOLECULES
2 COMPARE AND CONTRAST CONTENTS

Between DNA and RNA

4 EXPLAIN HOW TO CALCULATE
The percentage of cytosin

6 DIFFERENTIATE THE DNA
In prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

1.Water

The universal solvent

2.Carbohydrates

source of energy

MAIN TYPE OF
MOLECULES OF LIFE

3.Lipid

Organic Compounds

Polypeptides 1
5.DNA & RNA

Nucleic acid

DNA RNA

DNA RNA

Both are nucleic acid

Both are made up of monomers called
nucleotides

DNA is double standed RNA is single stranded

Pentose sugar in DNA is Pentose sugar in RNA is

Deoxyribose Ribose

Nitrogenous bases in Nitrogenous bases in
DNA are A,T,C,G RNA is A,U,C,G

DNA is relatively a RNA is relatively a
larger molecule smaller molecule

The ratio of A to T and The ratio of A to U and

G to C is one G to C is varies

DNA is more stable 2RNA is less stable

A long polymer Shorter than DNA

Carries genetic Mainly involved in
information for protein synthesis
development
Mostly found in the
Mostly found in necleus cytoplasm
and nucleoid
Does not obey
Obeys Chargaff’s rule Chargaff’s rule

3

How to calculate the percentage of
cytosine if a DNA molecules
contains 24% thymine?

1. In any DNA sample, there

are four bases that pair in
only one way : adenine and

thymine, guanine and
cytosine. They total 100
percent of the sample.

2. Chargaff's rule states

that the concentration
for each base in a base
pair is always equal to

its mate, so the
concentration of
adenine equals the
concentration of

4thymine, for example.

3. Using this information and simple

math, you can find the percentage
of adenine in a sample if you know
the percentage of any other base.

4. If thymine has 24%,so

adenine also has 24% in
the DNA molecules

5. so 100% just minus the 48%

of adenine and thymine and
you will get the percentage

of guanine and cytosin
which is 52%

6. so the 52% of cytosin and

guanine must be divide by 2 to
get the percentage of

5 cytosin.The answers for
percentage of cytosin is 26%

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

DNA is not bounded by DNA is bounded by
nuclear envolope nuclear envelope

DNA molecule is circular DNA molecule is linear

DNA is not associates DNA is associates with
with histone proteins histone proteins

DNA replication is rapid DNA replication is low

DNA replication occurs in DNA replication occurs

the cytoplasm in the nucleus

Organized into a single Organized into many
chromosomes
chromosomes 6