101 Clinicalandlaboratoryprocedures 1. Patient examination, relining the denture bases and molding the boundaryofdenturebyacrylicresin(TOKUYAMAÒREBASEII). 2. Initial characterization wasperformedby trial andmodificationof existing dentures (verifying occlusal plane, esthetics, vertical dimension, and centric relationship). 3. The upper and lower edentulous jaw and modified existing dentures were scannedusinganintraoral scanner (Trios 5, 3shape) – creatingthe STL fileformatandsent totheCADsoftware. 4. Thetechniciansmergedbothfiles inthesoftware,andgeneratedmodels of theupperandloweredentulousarches. 5. The desired occlusal plane, tooth arrangement, and denture border were setandtheSTLfilesoffinaldentureweregeneratedforprinting. 6. After manufacturing, the ivory teeth and pink denture bases (Next Dent 5100 machine) were bonded. Then, the dentures were stained with lite art (CAD/CAMstainingkit,Shofu)forachievingnaturalesthetics. 7.Deliverydentures. Conclusion: The workflow of two-visit computerizedcompletedentures on maxillary defect was initially characterized by existing dentures can reduce thechair-timeandstepsfor fabricatingnewsetsofdentures. Keywords:computerizedcompletedenture,maxillarydefect,intraoral scan, 3Dprinting,CAD/CAM Acknowledgement: The authors aregratefulfor the financial support from KhonKaenUniversityandtheSainamthipDentalLab.
102 Title : Neutral zone record in severe resorption mandibular edentulous ridge. Authors and Affliation : Natthanicha Jantaban¹, Daraporn Sae-Lee², Danai Yodsuwan² ¹Residency training program in Prosthodontics, KhonKaen University, Thailand ²Assoc. Prof. Department of Prosthodontics, KhonKaen University, Thailand Objective: Treatment of atrophic mandibular edentulous ridge is challenging due to a loss of bone foundation structure. To provide a better stability and retention for the prosthesis, dental implants may eliminate this problem. But in cases when it is not possible to place implants, the neutral zone technique is an alternative approach for obtaining the appropriate denture teeth position. Within the stabilized condition of the neutral zone, the muscular forces are working in harmony, hence the improvement of retention and stability of the denture. Case report : After trial the occlusal rims for a proper vertical dimension. The master casts are mounted on the articulator. The base plate, which was made with self cure acrylic, stainless-steel wire was attached and covered with green stick compound to maintain the vertical dimension. To record the neutral zone, tissue conditioner (Coe-Comfortᵀᴹ) was place on the labial, buccal and lingual side of the green stick compound. The patient was asked to sip and swallow some water for several times until the tissue conditioner was set. If the green stick compound exposed, the material should be trimmed, and the procedure was repeated until the proper neutral zone area was achieved. Then, the neutral zone
103 record base was seated on the master cast and the index was constructed with polyvinylsiloxane. The mandibular occlusal rim was place on the labial, buccal and lingual side of the green stick compound. The patient was asked to sip and swallow some water for several times until the tissue conditioner was set. If the green stick compound exposed, the material should be trimmed, and the procedure was repeated until the proper neutral zone area was achieved. Then, the neutral zone record base was seated on the master cast and the index was constructed with polyvinylsiloxane. The mandibular occlusal rim was remade following the index and the posterior teeth were arranged within the wax rims. After the dentures were delivered. Since, the stability of the denture can be achieved, and retention was also improved. The patient was satisfied with the new dentures. Conclusion: The neutral zone concept suggested the position of the denture must be within the region, where the function of the musculature is neutralized by the forces between tongue, lip and cheek. Positioning the posterior teeth in this space can enhance the stability and retention by optimize the muscular control against the denture. Keywords: Neutral zone, Resorbed Mandible, Stability
104 Title: Fabrication of New Complete Dentures Using the Copy Denture technique Peerada Weerayutsil¹, Kirawut Luengtrakoon², Danai Yodsuwan³ Professional and academic institute: Presenter¹, Lecturer², Associate Professor³, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Objective: The copy denture technique is a suitable treatment option for elderly patients who have been wearing their existing dentures for an extended period and are accustomed to them, despite issues such as loose retention and worn-off artificial teeth. Thetreatmentprocesswerethreeclinicalvisitsandtwolaboratorystates. Firstclinicalvisit The existing dentures were recorded into two-part impression mold. The first part of impression mold, the polished and occlusal surfaces of dentures were embedded into alginate impression material with stock tray. Theutilitywaxeswereattachedtohamularnotchareas inupperdentureand retromolar pad areas in lower denture to function as wax sprues. The second part of mold, the tissue surface of dentures was embedded into silicon putty and dental stones. Facebow and bite registration of existing dentures were recorded and transferred on articulator and the tooth shade of the existing denturewererecordedbeforedentureswerereturnedtopatient. First laboratorystate The melting pink wax was carefully poured into teeth area of the alginatemold.Subsequently, thealginatemoldwasalignedandjoinedwith the putty plaster mold, self-curing acrylic resin was poured into mold through sprue hole. Once the acrylic resin set, the replica dentures were removed from the mold. The tissue surface of the replica dentures was
105 subsequently poured with dental stone to fabricate the casts. Following this, the upper and lower casts were mounted onto an articulator. Finally, the arrangement of new artificial teeth was executed by replacing the pink wax teeth. Second clinical visit Trial of the replica dentures were done to evaluate occlusion, retention, stability, esthetics. Afterward, the wash impression on tissue surface of replica dentures were done by closed-mouth technique with light body Polyvinyl siloxane. Second laboratory state The impressions were poured with dental stone to fabricate the master casts. Waxing process was done. The replica dentures and master casts were invested in flask for laboratory process. Third clinical visit The new dentures were insert to patient to evaluate retention, stability and esthetics. The clinical remount was performed to evaluate occlusal contact. Afterward, the O-ring were picked-up into a new lower denture. After the dentures were delivery. The patient satisfied with the new dentures which were provided esthetics, stability and retention. Conclusion: Fabrication of new complete dentures using the copy denture technique is one of suitable treatment option in elderly patient who familiar with their existing dentures. This technique is simple, low cost and reduces chair-side time. Keywords: Copy denture technique, Replica denture
106 Title: Theuseof PEEK RPD overlay fororal rehabilitationinelderly Author and Affiliation: Patcharaporn Gavila¹,², Pimrumpai Rochanakit Sindhavajiva³,⁴, Trakol Mekayarajjananonth1, Anjalee Vacharaksa¹,⁴ ¹ Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care (International) Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University ² Intercountry Centre for Oral Health, Department of Health, Ministry of public Health ³ Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University ⁴ Research Unit on Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University Objective: This case report aims to demonstrate the hybrid workflow of PEEK RPD overlay fabrication to optimize function and esthetics in elderly patients. Case report: (Clinical technique): Patient, a 65-year-old woman with phsical disabilities presented with compromised masticatory function due to missing posterior teeth and loss of vertical dimension. All remaining teeth were severely worn with distal extension on both sides of the mandible. An overlay removable partial denture made with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) framework was chosen to replace the mandibular posterior teeth and tooth structure. A combination of digital and conventional workflow was applied. A digital impression of both arches was taken for the PEEK framework. The interocclusal relationship was digitally recorded with an anterior deprogramming device to register the vertical relationship for an overlay fabrication. The framework was designed and fabricated was designed and fabricated by computer-aided design and milling.
107 After framework try-in, the conventional workflow was performed for a distal extension denture base with good retention, support, stability, aesthetics and masticatory function. This case report utilized PEEK overlay RPD framework to restore mandibular teeth to optimal vertical dimension. The PEEK overlay design demonstrated an improved mechanical strength better than the conventional overlay fabricated with acrylic or composite materials. Compared to metal RPD framework, PEEK is aesthetically acceptable to be used as an overlay material on the mandibular anterior teeth. This report also demonstrates that a virtual model at the desirable vertical dimension of occlusion can be obtained. However, the conventional method remains to be essential for fabrication of the distal extension denture base. Conclusion: The combination of conventional functional impression and CAD/CAM technology provided adequate fit, retention, support and stability in PEEK overlay RPD fabrication. Patient satisfactionwasachieved in terms of function and esthetics. These techniques can be performed in order torestoreworndentitioninelderlypatients. Keywords: digital fabrication, elderly, gerodontology, PEEK, RPD overlay, 3D printing Acknowledgement: I would like to express appreciation to my mentors and supervisors for their guidance, insights, and constructive feedback. Their expertise and encouragement were crucial in refining our understanding of the case and improving the quality of this report.
108 Title: Accuracy and repeatability of intraoral scanner for tooth shade determination (in vitro study) By: Nigool Chumsena Degree: Master of science (Oral Health Sciences) Program: Prosthodontics Advisor: Assoc.Prof.Chaimongkon Peampring This in vitro study aimed to assess the accuracy and repeatability of an intraoral scanner for tooth shade determination. The study utilized a controlled setup involving all-ceramic teeth generated with VitaBlocs Mark II and known shade references. Spectrophotometers and two intraoral scanners were used to scan the teeth, generating digital color data. The acquired digital shades were recorded in Vita 3D Master Shade and then compared to the reference. Repeatability was assessed by performing multiple scans of the same teeth and analyzing the consistency of the obtained shade data. The percentage of repeatability was obtained by comparing the number of repeated shades with the number of shade measurements in each group. Accuracy was compared using the Cochran Q test, followed by pairwise comparisons using multiple McNemar's tests with Bonferroni correction. The repeatability of the instruments was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha.
109 The research results showed a significant difference in the instrumental accuracy for shade determination (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the Vita Easyshade 4 (71%) and the 3Shape Trios (69%) (p > 0.05). However, the Cerec Primescan (61%) showed a significant difference when compared to the spectrophotometer (p < 0.05). Repeatability varied among the different devices, ranging from 52% for Cerec Primescan to 80% for Vita Easyshade.
110 Warm the modelling clay before use for 15 minutes. When the clay is soft enough, push impression tray into the clay until reaching the level of land area as wanted. Roll magnetic rubber sheet and fix with plastic clip, place over the clay and slightly press until stable. Pour the cast with dental plaster or stone. Remove plastic clip and magnetic rubber sheet, clean under water andlet itdry. Title: A set of devices for beading and boxing final impression Authors: Natinee Suksai¹, Niwut Juntavee² Professional and academic institute: 1: Presenter, 2: Professor Dr., Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Objective: To invent a set of devices which can help in the step beading and boxing, and reduce time for preparing before pouring the casts. Clinical technique: Beading is done to protect the formed border thickness of final impressions and boxing is done to obtain vertical wall around an impression as the enclosure (box) to produce the desired size and form of the base of the cast and to preserve desired details. Because of boxing wax is out of stock quite a long time, the way that be able to do is using pink wax or clear plastic sheet wrap around modelling clay for beading and boxing final impression, but it quite takes such a time to prepare these materials and devices, and when pouring the cast, it always has the gypsum leakage. Method 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
111 The total time for beading and boxing until finish pouring the cast by this set of devices is about 25 minutes (not included setting time of gypsum). If necessary, the users can reduce more time by warming the clay before start doing impression step. There is no leakage of gypsum. It is easy to remove the cast from device and the device can be clean easily under tapping water. Conclusion This set of devices can use for beading and boxing even though there are lots of impression tray size. It can reduce leakage of gypsum during pouring the casts, reusable, reduces time consuming, and less trimming of casts. Keywords: Beading, Boxing, Final impression Acknowledgements: Thank you to Professor who gave advice and encouraged the idea of designing this devices. Thank you myself for trying to complete it. I hope this device will benefit both myself and others.
112 Title: Color selection by advanced photographic technique Author and Affiliation: Tanawat Pongkun¹, DDS, Pithiwat Uasuwan², DDS, MSc, PhD ¹Residency training program in Prosthodontic, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University ²Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University Objective: To offer an alterative and promising strategy for shade selection with advanced photographic technique Case Report Selecting the correct shade for a single crown restoration is a significant challenge, especially within the esthetic zone. Attention to details like shape, contour, texture, and color is crucial, particularly for a single anterior tooth. Patients easily notice even subtle differences, with a focus on color. Accurate color matching is vital, as even slight disparities are swiftly detected by patients. Traditionally,dentists reliedontheperceptionof retinal cells intheeyes by using a commercial shade tab to select the appropriate tooth shade. However, this method could be influenced by several factors, prompting the need for specialized equipment to assist matching with existing oral structures. 20 years old patient who had lost her anterior tooth for seven years ago opted for restoration with an implant, customized titanium abutment, and zirconia crown. Regarding the abutment design, a customized abutment was chosen to create a proper gingival profile, with the restorative margin placed 0.5 mm below the gingival margin
Moreover, the anodization was performed on the abutment to achieve yellowish backing for final crown. 3 mol% yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (3YTZP) was a great choice of crown material and was selected due to its excellent masking ability, effectively concealing the metal color of the customized abutment. To ensure an accurate shade matching, specific steps were taken. A cheek retractor was inserted into their mouth to enable a clear view. A digital camera equipped with externalflashwasusedtocaptureaphotoofaimedareawithdesiredand extra alternative shade tabs. However, a challenge arose as the flash caused the light reflection on tooth surface, making it difficult to achieve precisecolormatching. To overcome this issue, A polarized filter was employed to reduce the light scattering, coupled with an 18% gray card placed in the capturing photos, whichfacilitatedthe laboratory technicianto calibrate the white balance of photos and process accurately in the computer software, ensuring an optimal shade matching. Since different computers or settings can lead to variations in how photos are displayed, using the gray cardallowedthetechnician toaccuratelyprocess andadjust theproperties photos such as the color temperature to be the same as perceived in the camerascreen. For this case, thepatient's shade was takenin4photos (Fig1),providing the technician with the necessary information in order to effectively mimic thepatient'sadjacent toothcolorontothefinalzirconiacrown. 113
114 Conclusion: By employing digital cameras, polarized filters, and gray cards, dental technicians can achieve an accurate shade matching, resulting in matched restorations that closely mimic the natural tooth shade and meet the patient's esthetic expectations. Figure 1 : a. photo with gray card and polarized filter, b. photo with gray card without polarized filter that show light reflection on teeth, c. photo with polarized filter, d. plain photo using in shade selection Keywords: toothshadeselection,digital camera,polarizedfilter,gray card Acknowledgement: I would like to express my appreciation to the institution where this study was conducted for providing the necessary resources and support. This study would not have been possible without the collaborative efforts.
BASE WITH CAST CLAMP which supports the cast allow it to be handheld during the surveyor process. VERTICAL COLUMN which supports the cross arm CROSS ARM WITH BALL JOINT which allows the vertical spindle to rotate into various positions VERTICAL SPINDLE with a tool holder and locking nut at its inferior end. TOOL HOLDER and LOCKING NUT which various surveying instruments may be secured. Title: Portable Surveyor AuthorandAffliation: ThitaPuttawong*,NiwutJuntaveeandDepartment ofProsthodontics,FacultyofDentistry,KhonKaenUniversity Objective : To create a surveyor that is not only compact and easy to handle but also maintains accuracy Clinical technique: The portable surveyor consists of a (Figure2) : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 115
A carbon marker is positioned in the tool holder, and the locking nut is tightened. Securingthecast tosurveyorbase, thenlockpositionwithcast clamp The ball joint moved to the favorable path of insertion, after ensuring theproper tilthasbeenselected, theball joint is lockedinposition. Place the carbon marker along to bulge of a teeth and gentle move vertical arm. Making the tripod mark on the cast. The method of marking survey line are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Result : The device weighs only 78 grams, which is 23 times lighter than the Degussa VG1 surveyor. Moreover, it has compact dimensions of 5 cm in width, 12.5 cm in length, and 17.5 cm in height. The direction in which the denture is inserted determined by adjusting the angle of the ball joint, thus making it much easier to see. 116
117 The short range of movement of cross arm and ball joint is limit. The main materials used for this prototype are PLA resin, which is prone to breakage and may not be suitable for practical use. Limitation : 1. 2. Conclusion The device becomes ultra-compact and portable, If the limitations of this tool are further developed, it would become feasible to utilize it in dental clinics. Keywords : Portable Surveyor, Surveyor Acknowledgement : I am sincerely grateful to Professor for their invaluable advice and unwavering encouragement towards the conception of this device. My aspiration is that this endeavor not only proves advantageous for me but also for a wider community.
118 The external case design by Solid work prog ram to know desired width, length and proportion. Fog free instrument create external case with PETG plastic case by Creality cr 10 max 3D print for 24hr. The internal part consists of 12V DC fan and 18650 lithium battery , 3.7V and the tip of instrument connecting with glass holder , small blowhole and LED light. The instrument gets the energy to induce fan and LED by lithium battery and can recharge via main electricity 220V in the house through type C port. First, I made it preliminary as the temporary mod el then test intraorally with a patient to confirm usability and proper fan level that can remove the fog from fan surface. I had tested mirror holder with all size of mirror I use to ensure mirror holder can hold dental mirror tightly and resist to retrac tion force. For the final construction, it consists of two buttons: one is for fan and another is LED light. Both buttons are separately usage depending on the propos e of dentists whose want to use only remove fog or additional with LED to improve visibil ity. Title: Fog free mirror holder with LED Author and affiliation: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Niwut J untavee and Miss Warisa Chueaduangphui Objective: To invent a fog free instrument which can reduce fog production in oral cavity and facilitate taking intraoral photograph by yourself whereas the pictures have clear detail and no distortion Material and method 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
119 Conclusion The intraoral mirror holder is effective to use in dental clinic, since it provide visibility of pictures, easy holding by yourself, less time consuming and less distortion of image . In contrast, this instrument cannot instead assistance performance and proper for some patients or situations. However, further invention should be improved by developed the suction stick into this instrument for reduce frothed saliva . Keyword: Mirror holder, Holder with LED, Fog free, Dental mirror Acknowledgement: I am sincerely grateful to my p rofessor for his invaluable advice and unwavering encouragement towards the conception of this device. My aspiration is that this endeavor not only proves advantageous for me but also for a wider community.
120 Title: The Mounting Stabilizer Author and Affliation: Surangkana Imaemporn*, Niwut Juntavee¹ * Presenter, 1: Professor Dr., DepartmentofProsthodontics,Facultyof Dentistry,KhonKaenUniversity Objective: To invent a device that stabilizes the upper and lower casts in an accurate position during mounting procedures. Clinical technique: Toprovide anaccurate simulationoffunctional occlusal relationships in the articulator, proper mounting of upper and lower casts on an articulator should be made. The facebow provides stability in upper cast mounting. While, the methods to stabilize the lower cast during mounting procedures such as rubber bands, occlusal registration material, and wooden tongue blade secured by sticky wax, have the potential to cause cast movement, and errors in the relationship of upper and lower casts. (1)(2)(3)(4) The mounting stabilizer is created to simplify the lower cast mounting method and improved stability during mounting.
There are 3 components of the mounting stabilizer (Fig.1);First, the clip use to attach with the articulator. Second, The arm that connect the clip and cast holder ,it can adjust for the proper direction. And The cast holder that can adjust the length to fit with the upper and lower cast and stabilized them together. To use the mounting stabilizer: First, Position the upper cast in the articulator then attach the clip to the articulator. Fig.2 After that, Position the lower cast on the upper cast with or without bite registration material and adjust the arm to avoid contact with other components. Finally, adjust the cast holder until the upper and lower cast is stable. Fig.2 121
122 After using the Mounting stabilizer, the upper and lower casts are stable during the mounting procedure. Moreover, the relationship between the upper and lower casts is similar to the position of upper and lower teeth in the mouth. Conclusion: The mounting stabilizer is a simple, fast, and inexpensive method that provides accuratemountingoflower cast. Keywords: Mounting, Mountingstabilizer Acknowledgement: I am sincerely grateful to the professor and prosthodontics department for their advice and encouragement towards the conception of this device
123 Title: PaqueTemp Author: Kesinee Rattanatussanee*, Niwut Juntavee¹ Professional and academic institute: * Presenter, ¹Associate Professor Dr., Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Introduction: Long-term success of dental implant treatment partly related with appropriated location of implant placement. Proper surgical guide leads to predictable implant positioning, oftenly use radiolucent coated-provisional restoration as a surgical template, which depending on the merging between the STL files derived from the patient’s intraoral with the CBCT DICOM file. Objective: This innovation aimed at determining appropriated provisional material based on auto-polymerized PMMA combining with barium sulfate (BaSO4) in achieving proper radiopacity and strength for temporary restorationasasurgical template. Methods: 90 specimens (15/group) in rectangle shape (length x width x height = 30 mm x 12.5 mm x 2.0 mm) were fabricated in a mixture of PMMA (Unifast) : BaSO4 in Gr. 1) 1:1, Gr.2) 1:2, Gr. 3) 2:1, Gr.4) 3:1, Gr. 5) 4:1, and Gr. 6) 1:0, and served as a control. Mixing the combination thoroughly and processed in silicone mold. Then the sample were measured for radiodensity at the its’ center in Hounsfield units (HU). Three-point flexural strength test were determined in a Universal
124 Testing Machine. Fracture surface of tested strength specimens were examined in a scanning electron microscope. ANOVA was used to justify for significant difference among groups. Result: All group demonstrated significantly lower flexural strength than the control group. Gr.5 was the highest flexural strengths. Gr.3 and 4 flexural strengths were not significantly different. Gr.3 was nearly twice higher than Gr.1 and Gr.2. Gr.2 were the weakest. Gr.1, 2, and 3 indicated significantly decreased strength, approximately twice from control group. All tested groups indicated significantly higher HU than control group. Gr. 4 was the most radiopaque. However, no statistically significant between Gr. 2, 4, and 5. Conclusion: Group 5 (PMMA (Unifast) : BaSO4 4:1) is the most appropriate mixture which provide enough opacity and flexural strength that close to the control group. However, adding BaSO4 to PMMA provides radiopaque, but half reduction of strength for provisional material, and might jeopardize durability of the temporary restoration for long-term. Thus, it probably suggested for radiographic template or short-term temporary restoration. References: 1. Basten CHJ, Kois JC. The use of barium sulfate for implant templates. The journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1996; 76(4): 452-454.
125 Determine path of insertion and place the pin at the center of the diagnostic cast to be the reference guide. Scan the diagnostic cast and pin with intraoral scanner and export the file to the software. Title: Parallel prep guide Authors: Montana Watthanawisarn¹, Niwut Juntavee² Professional and academic institute: 1: Presenter, 2: Professor Dr.,Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Objective: To present a new simplify technique for preparing guiding planes which can reduce operating time and procedures in dental offices. Clinical technique: Generally, after intraoral preparation with free hand technique, definitive cast will be fabricated and evaluated the survey line with the dental surveyor. If the path of insertion is non-parallel, the technician has to preparate intraorally again and take several impressions until acceptable guiding planes are achieved. This traditional technique is required time-consuming, may not achieve parallelism and may decrease the retention and stability of RPDs. Nowadays, digital technologies and materials has been improved for creating new dental techniques. Digital assistance can simplify procedures to bemoreprecisely, reduceoperatingtimeandbecomingmorepopular inthe recentdentistry. Method 1. 2.
126 3.Adjust the angulation of the model in the software until the pin is perpendicular to the horizontal axis to determine the path of insertion. 4.Block out undercut areas and design the outline of the guide. 5.Preparing the guiding planes by defining the square shape window areas which are parallel to path of insertion and intersect the section of abutment teeth vertically about 2-3 mm and design the pathway guide rails of the diamond bur. 6.Print the 3D CAD-CAM preparation guide, try-in the guide intraorally and preparation guiding planes with diamond bur and finished bur. Conclusion Free hand technique is required time-consuming. This parallel prep guide can promote the parallel of guiding planes, reduce chair time, assist in preparing guiding planes in invisible areas and improve the quality of RPDs. Keywords: Guiding plane preparation, path of insertion. Acknowledgements: Thank you to Professor for invaluable advices and encouragement of designing this idea. I hope this idea will be beneficial and make your work easier.
127 Title: Proportion divider Authors: Thitikarn Chanwiboon¹, Niwut Juntavee² Professional and academic institute: 1: Presenter, 2: Professor Dr., Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Objective: to invent a facial proportion divider that can be used in conjunction with other methods to assess facial height ratio and approximate the proper vertical dimension before, during, and after treatments. Clinical technique: Tooth wear is a prevalent prosthodontic issue that can present with varying degrees of severity, often resulting in the loss of facial height. Severe tooth wear can particularly affect the lower face height, including the dentoalveolar structures. The loss of tooth structure, without compensatory mechanisms, may ultimately result in a loss of the vertical dimension of occlusion. Various methods are employed to evaluate the vertical dimension, including phonetics, mandibular rest position, cephalometric analysis, and facial esthetics appearance. In cases of oral rehabilitation or complete denture restoration where vertical dimension needs to be restored, a combination of these methods is typically utilized. However, there is currently no device available for determining facial proportion in a prosthodontic clinic.
128 Method: The size of the proportion divider can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem, ensuring that the maximum length after extension is significantly greater than the mean maximum 1/3 face height from previous studies (77mm). The divider can be designed through the application of draft paper and created as a 3D-model using CAD software. Following this, the device can be milled and tested for proportion accuracy by measuring it at various heights. Conclusion: The proportion divider is a device that may aid in the determination of the occlusal vertical dimension in conjunction with other methods. Its convenience, portability, and ability to reduce chair time make it a desirable tool. However, it should be noted that this divider is currently in prototype form and cannot be relied upon as the sole method for vertical dimension determination. Future development is necessary to ensure its effectiveness andaccuracy. Keywords: Vertical dimension determination, Facial proportion, Proportion divider Acknowledgements: Thank you to Dr.Niwut who provided valuable advice and encouragement for the conceptualization of this device. Additionally, I extend appreciation to myself for diligently pursuing its completion. I hold the aspiration that this device will prove advantageous notonly tomyownendeavorsbut alsotothe well-beingofothers.
129 Title : Prep checker Author : Supattharawit Hematurin, DDS, KKU Objective : To i nvent ed a tool to check the quantity of prepared area both axial wall and occlusal surface in order to use for tooth preparation which was called ‘prep checker’. Clinical technique : This device was inspired by Feeler gauge which thickness has been tested and calibrated very precisely. Firstly, select stainless steel plates with 3 different thicknesses which are 0.2 mm., 0.3 mm., 0.5 mm., 1 mm, 1.5 mm and 2 mm. Then, cut the stainless steels sheet into thickness inspection tool with the shape as designed in the picture. The tip of the tool must be cut in T shaped with 4 mm. length. The tip of the tool is at a 45 degree angle to the extension rod which easily use in the mount. Place the tip of the toll on cusp angle of abutment tooth after preparation and have the patient clenched his teeth. When the patient has completely clenched his teeth, pull out the tool. If the tip of the tool can be pulled out without jamming, it means the abutment tooth has sufficient clearance for the thickness of the inserted tool. The tip of the tool can also be placed over the finishing line to check the thickness of the finishing line according to the required tool thickness. Conclusion : The prep checker is reusable tools that can be used to assess clearance and measure the thickne ss of the finishing line in tooth preparation of abutment teeth for full metal crown, PFM crown and all ceramic crown in both anterior and posterior teeth.
130 V.L.Bakalyan. Metal ceramic crowns. Clinical and Laboratory Acknowledgement : 1. steps. In: Princip les of Tooth Preparations. Yerevan State Medical University after M.Heratsi; 2008. 2. Podhorsky A, Rehmann P, Wöstmann B. Tooth preparation for full coverage restorations a literature review. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19(5):959-68. 3. Shillingburg HT, Jac obi R, Brackett SE. Fundamentals of Tooth Preparations for Cast Metal and Porcelain Restorations [Internet]. Quintessence Publishing Company; 1987.(Quintessence books). Available from: https://books.google.co.th/books?id=5 dpAAAAMAAJ
131 Title: Introduction and application of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method in dentistry Author and Affiliation: Hiraku Onuma, Masanao Inokoshi, Shunsuke Minakuchi Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School ofMedical and Dental Sciences, TokyoMedical and DentalUniversity Objective: We introduce a simulation technique for objects known as the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method and summarize studies using the SPHmethodindentistry. Materials and Methods: Articles related to the SPH method applied in dentistry were searched using PubMed and Google Scholar. The following terms were used to search literatures: smoothed particle hydrodynamics, particle method, meshless, finite element method, simulation, virtual, dentistry, dental, tooth, teeth, andoral. Results: The SPH method can analyze the motion or stress distribution of objects without the need for meshes, distinguishing it from the conventional finite element method (FEM). Consequently, this characteristic renders the SPH method particularly suitable for analyzing diverse deformable objects. Recent applicationsof the SPHmethodindentistry include: 1. Investigating collisions of brittle dental materials, exemplified by crown fractures, surface cracks from zirconia polishing, and sandblasting for implants.
132 2. Analyzing soft materials used in removable dental prostheses, such as denture adhesives and soft relining materials. 3. Simulating mastication and swallowing behaviors. 4. Creating virtual simulations for training, including resin composite filling and root canal treatment. We are currently exploring optimal methods to apply soft relining materials to alveolar ridges with different absorbency levels using the SPH method. We have created models of alveolar ridges with varying absorbencies and are examining the stress on the mucosa when a soft relining material is fully or partially attached to a denture's surface. Some studies have combined the SPH method with FEM to enhance simulation efficiency, as each method offers unique expertise in different areas. Considering the characteristics of the SPH method, there is potential for further application of this method in upcoming scenarios in dentistry where significant deformations occur, such as root fractures, sandblasting, airflow, occlusal wear, toothbrush abrasion, impression materials, and luting cement. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the utility of the SPH method for diverse applications in dentistry. It covers areas ranging from object collisions and soft material analysis to training simulations. For enhanced accuracy in simulations, integrating the strengths of both SPH and FEM methods shouldbe considered. Additional studies onthe SPHmethodindentistry are recommended. Keywords: Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method, Finite Element Method, Computer Simulation.
133 Title: Spherical occlusal analyzer Authors: Trust Sawaengcharoen¹, Niwut Juntavee² Professional and academic institute: 1: Presenter, 2: Professor Dr., Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Objective: To invent a 3D occlusal plane analyzer using three reference points. Clinical technique: The curve of occlusion is the combination of an anteroposterior curve of Spee and a mediolateral curve of Wilson. If the curvature extends further back, the line would theoretically follow an arc through the condyles. According to the spherical theory proposed by Monson stated that curvature is a segment of the surface of a sphere of 8 inches in diameter and has a center in the region of the glabella. Method 1. Adjust the length of the arms. 2.Attach themagneticend(yellow)ofreferencearmstothemetal bullet. 3. Place the other end(red) atbothcondyles andlower incisal edges. 4. The bullet would be supported by all reference arms. 5. Attach the functional arm with a pencil to a metal bullet. 6. The line of the occlusal plane could be drawn.
134 A spherical metal bullet was used as the center of the sphere. Adjustable reference arms were created from the radio antennas since they are retractable and easy to find. The bigger ends were covered with wire rubber sheaths to prevent slipping from the reference points. An adjustable functional arm was prepared in the same way but the end has an element containing a hole and a screw to attach a pencil. The small ends of each were covered with resin sheaths fabricated by 3D printing with slots to hold mini magnets to attract with a spherical bullet. Conclusion The spherical theory is an important principle that can be modified to verify the occlusal plane. This spherical occlusal analyzer can simulate this theory by determining the center of the sphere using three reference landmarks on the articulator and lower cast. However, this instrument is a prototype, in some parts they can be developed for better performance. Keywords: Occlusal plane, Monson sphere Acknowledgements: I am greatly thankful to Professor for his helpful advice and unwavering encouragement in the invention of this device. Thank you for trying to complete it. I'm hoping that this device will benefit me as well as others.
Universal incisalguide table isdesignedby AutoCAD 2018program Title: Universal incisal guide table Author and affiliation : Thammasiri Namsiri* Niwut Juntavee This simple device is used for accurately transferring to an articulator the contacts of anterior teeth when the dentist is determining their influence on border movements of the mandible. Acrylic resin is used to record and preserve this information, even after natural lingual contours of the teeth have been altered during preparation of completed coverage restoration(1) One of the most important tools used to make a custom guide table is the incisal table. ,Incisal tables are made of plastic. They are not reusable and costly and can be used with other brands of articulator(2) Objective To invent an universal incisal guide table can be used with many brands of articulator, reusable and economical Material and Method 1. 2. After AutoCAD 2018 program, try in universal guide table on the HanauTM Modular Articulator System-Whip Mix. 3. Try in universal guide table on the Denar® Mark II Articulator System-Whip Mix 4. The universal guide table can be used for both HanauTM Modular Ariculator and Denar® Mark II Articulator 135
Result The universal incisal guide table can be used with many brands of articulator, reusable and economical Conclusion Most articulator manufactures supply a mechanical anterior guide (incisal guidance) table. Such tables can be pivoted anteriorly and posteriorly to simulate protrusive guidance. However the sensitivity of these adjustments is insufficient for successfully transferring the existinglingual contours ofnatural teethtonewly fabricatedrestoration. One of themost important tools used tomake a customacrylic anterior guide table is the incisal guide table. Therefore the incisal guide table can be used with many band of articulator, reusable and economical. Keyword : universal incisal guide table Acknowledge:ThankyoutoProfessorwhogaveadvicesandencouraged the idea of designing this devices. Thank you myself for trying to complete it.Ihopethisworkwillbenefitbothmyselfandothers. Reference: 1.StephenRosenstielMartinLandJunheiFujimoto.ContemporaryFixed Prosthodontics.5thed.St.Louis:Mosby;2015. 2.Herbert T. Shillingburg, Jr.Fumdamental of Fixed Prosthodontics4th ed.Chicago:Quintessence;2012. 136
137 Title: The 21 Day Fundee+ chatbot influences the oral health behavior for children aged 6–30 months. Author and Affiliation: Kittiwara Pupong, DDS, MS. Maelan Hospital, Maelan, Pattani, Thailand Samerchit Pithpornchaiyakul Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand Supawadee Naorungroj Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand. Watcharawalee Tangkuptanon Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand Pissamai Wattanasit Pediatric Nursing Division, Faculty of Nursing, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand Dr. Narim Tokanee, DDS, MS. Maikan Hospital, Maikan, Pattani, Thailand Jaranya Hunsrisakhun, DDS, PhD. Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and usability of the 21-Day FunDee+ Chatbot in terms of caregivers' knowledge, perceptions based on PMT in oral health care, toothbrushing behavior for their children aged 6–36 months, engagement, and user satisfaction.
138 Methods: A pre-postexperimental study,was conducted in Maikandistrict, Pattani Province, Thailand between November 2022 and February 2023. Eighty caregivers were included. Onlinequestionnaires weregiventocaregivers at baseline and three months after the intervention to assess their knowledge, perceptions based on PMT, and tooth brushing practice. In addition, during the evaluation period, the chatbot's engagement and user satisfaction were assessed. Results: The average age of the participants was 30.5 years [SD = 7.1 years]. The pairedt-test indicateda significant increase inknowledge (Pre =0.4[SD = 0.16], Post = 0.55 [SD = 0.20], P <0.001) and PMT perceptions (Pre = 3.4 [SD = 0.45], Post = 3.7 [SD = 0.55], P <0.001). The chi-square test revealed that the frequency with which children's caregivers brushed their teeth improved considerably (Pre: 63.7%, Post: 87.5% P = 0.001). Overall, the chatbot received a rating of 4.12 out of 5 [SD = 0.58]. The average number of days engaged was 18.1 out of 21 [SD = 5.57] and the average number of days engagedper week was 6.0[SD = 1.9]. Conclusions: Employing the 21-Day FunDee+ chatbot among caregivers enhanced knowledge, perceptions in oral health care and tooth brushing behavior for children aged 6-30 months and it was rated highly for user satisfaction and engagement. This should be confirmed by a large randomizedcontrolledtrial. Keywords: Chatbot, Protection-Motivation Theory, Caregivers, Tooth brushing, Children
139 Title : Antimicrobial effect of herbal dentifrice without fluoride against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans: An in vitro study Student Group: Tanaporn Rattanagowin, Sintuwat Supim, Surawut Rochanakanoksak Assoc. Prof.: Dr.Suwanna Jitpukdeebodin Abstract Objective: To study the antimicrobial effect of herbal dentifrice without fluoride against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans Methods: The colony of Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis were obtained and incubate in Brain Heart Infusion Broth by incubator at 37 °C while Candida albicans is incubate in Sabouraud’s dextrose Broth, then turbidity test each microorganism with McFarland 0.5 turbidity standard to adjust the concentration. Up to four wells of agar were created by biopsy punch before it gets steak by microorganisms. The 5 sample of dentifrice including 01 Colgate total advanced fresh 02 Herbaldents Plus neem extract 03 Tepthai Toothpaste Original 04 Twin Lotus Herbaliste Active Charcoal 05 Sparkle Triple White, is diluted with distilled water 1g/1mL. 50 μl of 1:1 diluted dentifrice is dropped on wells and then incubated for 24 hours. The diameter of the inhibition zone is measured by a ruler, ShapiroWilk test, and Kruskal-Wallis test was done to see normality and significant differences in data. The Bonferroni post hoc test was used to see the differences between the samples.
140 Result: Herbal toothpaste that can inhibit all 3 microbes is 02 Herbaldents Plus neem extract, 03 Tepthai Toothpaste without significant difference, herbal toothpaste that can inhibit EF, SM is 01 Colgate total advanced fresh, herbal toothpaste that can inhibit SM, CA is 05 Sparkle Triple White, herbal toothpaste. that cannot inhibit all 3 types of microbes: 04 Twin Lotus Herbaliste Active Charcoal Conclusion: Each sample of herbal dentifrice has antimicrobial effects differently up to brand and organism. The antimicrobial effect varies due to the composition of herbal dentifrice ingredients in each brand.
141 Title : Saliva stimulant pastille for dry mouth patients Students: *Nattanicha Inthongpan, Kuljira Sungkapinyo, Kwanchanok Lakmuang Advisors : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Angkana Thearmontree, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kwunchit Oungbho Abstract The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate the physical properties and to preliminarily evaluate the satisfaction and effectiveness of the salivary stimulant pastilles in the healthy volunteers. Material and Methods: The gelatin-based (G) salivary stimulant pastille was adjusted viscosity with 3 thickening agents, such as Gellan gum (G), Xanthan gum (X), and Pectin (P). Each had 3 concentrations, producing 9 formulas (GG1-3 GX1-3 GP1-3). The 9 formulas were tested for their physical properties, texture, solubility, and stability. The physical stability of the pastilles was observed for 1 month. Two formulas that have the most appropriate properties were selected. The crossover design study on preliminary satisfaction and effectiveness was conducted in 3 age groups; adolescents (20-25 years), working age (26-59 years), and seniors (60-75 years), with 20 subjects pergroup. Satisfaction, unstimulated saliva flow rates and pH were measured before and after using the pastille. The data were analyzed using paired t-test and ANOVA at 95% confidence level.
142 Results: The developed saliva stimulant pastilles have an appropriate texture. The pH of GP formulas had pH<5.5, while GG and GX formulas had pH> 5.5. Two formulas (GG2 and GX2) were selected according to their physical properties and stability. GG2 and GX2 had appropriate pH and mean hardness comparable to the recommendation of a pastille. It was found that overall satisfaction between GG2 and GX2 was relatively high and was not significantly different (p>0.05). Overall satisfaction was significantly different among the 3 age groups (p=0.01). The pH of almost all subjects was >7. Overall, the salivary flow rate after using the pastilles, especially in the dry mouth group (saliva flow rate <0.3 g/min) which there was a statistically significant increase in saliva flow rate after the use of the GX2 formula (p=0.03). Conclusions: The GG2 and GX2 pastille had appropriate physical and texture characteristics. The overall level of satisfaction was quite high without any difference between the 2 formulas. The unstimulated salivary flow rate in the low salivary flow rate group was increased after using GX2 formula. The results show that the developed salivary stimulant pastille has the potential for use in patients with dry mouths. Keywords: Pastille, Dry mouth, Saliva, Saliva stimulation, Hydrocolloid
143 Title : Effect of sitting posture detected by Ergonomics SensorCam to Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among clinical dental students inPrinceofSongklaUniversity Jidapa Sae-chan, Yada Thanakitboonya, Prima Intrakaroonvet, Wattana Pithpornchaiyakul, Samerchit Pithpornchaiyakul, and Paramin Neranon Abstract Objective: To study prevalence of WMSDs in dental students and the relationship between sitting posture detected by Ergonomics SensorCam and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Prince of Songkla Univesity. Sixty-five samples from 4th and 5th year students in academic year 2022 participated in the study. General information and data about pain were collected by using online questionnaire, consisted of Modified Nordic Musculoskeletal questions and the numerical rating scale. Ergonomics SensorCam captured the angle (degree), frequency and duration of bending body in the sitting posture. The system used the left shoulder, right shoulder, left hip, and righthipasbody landmarks andanalyzedtheanglesofbending which greater than 15 degrees. Results: The prevalence of WMSDs in dental students were 96.9% over a year, and 76.9% over a week. The neck, shoulders, and lower back were the top three painful areas. According to data collected from the Ergonomic SensorCam, the frequency of bending per 30 minutes was in the range of 0-123 times, the duration of bending per 30 minutes was in the range of 0-28 minutes, the degree of bending was in the range of 0-72 degrees.
144 The results could not detect relationship between either frequency or duration of bending and pain scores. But there was a positive correlation between the frequency of bending and the maximum degree of bending (r = 0.3, P value = 0.015). Additionally, there was a trend toward a positive association between the number of painful sites and the maximum angle of bending (r = 0.2, P value = 0.097). Conclusions: This study presented high prevalenceof WMSDs among dental students, and the Ergonomics SensorCam was able to keep tracking of bending down frequency, duration and angle, which might be related toWMSDs.
145 Title : The accuracy of soft tissue prediction after orthodontic treatment using a digital software Students Group 7 : ChaithanathatTraiyansiri, Ketkarn Limprasertsiri, Ployngam Cheevarungnapakul Advisor :Pannapat Chanmanee(DDS,PhD,Dip.ThaiBoardofOrthodontics) Abstract Objective: To investigate the accuracy of Dolphin Imaging software in soft tissue prediction in the different types of orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods: 96 lateral cephalograms were randomly selected from the pools of patient records between 2555 to 2564 BE. Samples were enrolled from three groups of treatment (32 samples / group): 1) non-extraction, 2) extraction, and 3) orthognathic surgery. A paired-samples T-test was used to analyze the differences each group of treatment between predicted and actual final values. The confidence level was set at 95%. Results: In non-extraction, only 3 parameters presented the prediction errors in lower lip sulcus depth, lower lip to E-plane, and lower lip to H-line. Inextraction, thepredictionerrors were foundinupper andlower lip parameters. In surgery, the prediction errors were found in the chin thickness,facialcontourangle, theupperandlower lipparameters (P<0.05). Conclusion: Digital soft tissue prediction presented some errors in all treatment groups and would be concerned in orthodontic treatment planning. Keywords: Digital software, Orthodontic treatment,Soft tissueprediction
146 Title : Fracture resistance of 3D-printed denture bases: influences ofbuildangle andadditionalpost-printing curingmethod. Student Group 11 : Mr.Kasidit Kaoian , Mr.Kunat Phetruk , Mr.Thitikorn Wiwattuksin , Mr.Teetut Chaiyapong Advisor : Assoc.Prof.Dr. Chaimongkon Peampring Abstract Objective: To study effect of different build angle 0ᴼ,45ᴼ, and 90ᴼof 3D-printed denture bases on the fracture resistance of denture bases. And effect of curing 3D-printed denture bases on the fracture resistance of denture bases compared to milling denture bases and conventional denture bases Material and methods: This research was divided to 2 experiments. First to study effect of different build angle 0ᴼ, 45ᴼ, and 90ᴼ on the fracture resistance of denture bases for find the highest fracture resistance of 3D-printed denture to further experiments. Secondly, first experiment denture was cured with UV light and incubated with heat by boiling in water for compare fracture resistance of denture bases to milling denture bases and conventional denture bases Results: 3D-printed denture bases with 0ᴼ build angle are least fracture resistance while 3D-printed denture bases with90ᴼ build angle are most fracture resistance and used 3D-printed denture bases with 90ᴼ build angle for second experiment that was additional cured with incubated with heat by boiling in water and UV light. when additional cured 3D-printed denture, resulted in a statistically significant increase fracture resistance compared to the uncured group. The fracture resistance was not
147 different from the UV cured group compared to conventional denture bases, while the boiling group was statistically significant higher fracture resistance than conventional denture bases. The highest fracture resistance are milling denture bases. Conclusions: milling denture bases are highest fracture resistance while the boiling group was statistically significant higher fracture resistance than conventional denture bases.
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