GreenSciencePortfolio-2017-KateConvertitoClassof2021

Average Velocity

V= d
t
1.22m
V= 0.55s

V= 1.43m/s

Video Resources:
1. How to solve KE problems: h​ ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tryiwu4RhSM
2. PE/KE: ​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je8nT93dxGg
3. PE/KE: ​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSWl_Zj-CZs
4. PE/KE: h​ ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7K4V0NvUxRg

Data Analysis - ​Write your data analysis paragraph here

The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether or not angle
affected the kinetic energy of objects. To begin the experiment, we
calculated the velocity of 3 angles; 8 degrees, 18 degrees, and 28
degrees. After using the formula, mgh=0.5mv​2,​ the kinetic energy was
found. The results showed that all of the angles had the different final
velocity than the others. The data also shows that as each angle
increased by 10 degrees, the velocity increases as well, which supports
the hypothesis.

Graph:

Data Analysis Rubric (Self Evaluate)

Lab Rubric - Data Analysis Sections 34

12

Data/ ____Data is poorly ____Data is ____Data is ___Data is clearly
Observations organized or missing represented in a represented in the and accurately
altogether. table or graph, but table or graph with represented in a
No mention of it is incomplete or minor errors. More table or graph.
observations there are major complete discussion Observations
errors. Some of observations. include discussion
discussion of of both qualitative
observations and quantitative
observations.

Conclusion/ ____No conclusion is ____Somewhat ____Adequately ____Clearly explains
Analysis written in this report or it explains whether or explains whether or whether or not the
is very brief. No data is not the hypothesis not the hypothesis hypothesis was
cited. was supported. was supported. supported. Data
____No analysis is ____ Possible Data is cited to was cited to support
included or it is extremely sources of error are support hypothesis. the hypothesis.
brief no sources of error somewhat ____Possible ____Possible
are explained. explained. sources of error are sources of error are
____No discussion of ____ No discussion adequately clearly explained.
patterns or trends in the of patterns or explained.
data trends ____Some ____Trends and
discussion of Patterns in the data
patterns or trend in are clearly
the data discussed.

Self Evaluate Self Evaluate Score (1-4)
Category
4
Scientific Method 3.5
4
-Hypothesis 4
-Identify the variables

Math Examples

-Angle steps shown
-KE steps shown

Graph

-Accurate
-Informative

Data Analysis

-Hypothesis correct?

-Support for hypothesis 4
-Transition words

Reading
Comprehension

-Article questions

Article: ​Everyday Energy

Read the article and answer the questions.

1. A roller coaster car at the top of the hill, an archer preparing to release an arrow, and a
lake that sits above a dam are types of what kind of energy?
a. Potential energy
b. Kinetic energy
c. Gravitational energy
d. Consumption of energy

2. What does the author describe in the passage?
a. The history of human energy use in the US
b. The ways in which potential energy is converted to kinetic energy
c. The best new ways to build dams in the American Southwest
d. Consequences of drought to people who rely on dams

3. The conversion of stored potential energy into kinetic energy can also be harnessed to
power homes, factories, and entire cities. Which example from the text supports this
conclusion?
a. The softball pitcher
b. The slingshotting comet
c. The archer
d. The Hoover Dam

4. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the text?
a. Nuclear power is the most efficient kind of energy for powering cities
b. Professional athletes should study the science of energy to play better
c. Dams power cities by converting stored potential energy to kinetic energy
d. Drought is a serious problem for farmers in the Southwest.

5. What is the passage mainly about?
a. The movements of comets through our solar system
b. The scientific forces behind our favorite roller coasters
c. The unusual properties of water molecules in rivers
d. The conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy

6. As used in the passage, what does spillway mean?

a. A place where water flows off the top of a dam
b. A place where water accidentally spills
c. A place where water flows underground
d. A place where water flows into nearby farms
7. Chose the answer that best completes the sentence below
a. Even though
b. Initially
c. For instance
d. However
8. How does the Hoover Dam provide power to California, Nevada, and Arizona?

The Hoover Dam provides power to California, Nevada, and Arizona by
harnessing potential energy into kinetic energy using a spillway, which is a place where
water flows off the top of a dam. The spillway uses passages that leads to a
hydroelectric generator. As the water flows down the passages, the stored potential
energy is converted into kinetic energy, thus creating and providing power for California,
Nevada, and Arizona.

FINAL PART - Roller Coaster Physics

Objective:
1. When energy is transformed, the total amount of energy stays constant (is conserved).
2. Work is done to lift an object, giving it gravitational potential energy (weight x height). The
gravitational potential energy of an object moving down a hill is transformed into kinetic
energy as it moves, reaching maximum kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill.

Determine the velocity of a full roller coaster of riders at the bottom of the largest hill. You can
use the following roller coasters:
Watch these Videos for help:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je8nT93dxGg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYEWIuQBVyg

Use either:

GPE​top​ = KE​bottom

1. Pick your own coaster- ​Splash Mountain

Height of largest hill- 15m
Mass of Coaster/number of riders- 1000
Velocity at Bottom of Hill in m/s - 453.5

Velocity at the Bottom of Splash Mountain
mgh= 0.5mv​2
453.5(9.8)(15)= 0.5(453.5)v​2
66664.5= 225.75v​2
295.3=v​2
17.17m/s=v

Paragraph:

When things with hills have an object go down from it, the object has potential
energy at the top, and kinetic energy (final velocity) at the bottom. A great example of
finding velocity are roller coasters. For example, Splash Mountain in Disney World. At
the top of the hill, the car has stored potential energy (GPE). Then, as the car goes
down the hill, it accelerates downward. Finally, at the bottom of the hill, which is the
fastest point where the roller coaster car moves, is where kinetic energy can be found.

More resources:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSWl_Zj-CZs
Kinetic and Potential Energy

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7K4V0NvUxRg
Kinetic and Potential Energy

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btLU2lb3-xs
Bill Nye

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dpBVtAbKJU
Roller Coasters

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYEWIuQBVyg

 
Inclined Plane Project 

 

Simple Machine- A Mechanical Work- The amount of Input Force-Initial
basic mechanical Advantage-ratio of effort that is applied force used to get a
device for applying forced produced by a machine to begin
force machine to force working
applied to it

Compound Machine- Ideal Mechanical Power- To act or Output Distance-
A machine consisting Advantage- Measure produce an effect Number of times a
of 2 or more simple of force used by machine increases
machines working using a tool an input force
together

Efficiency- How easy Actual Mechanical Input Distance- Force Output Force-
it is to do something Advantage- Force a
machine can multiply exerted through a Amount of force
while subtracting
losses to overcome machine applied to a machine
friction

First Class Lever- A Second Class Lever- Third Class Lever- Energy- Ability to be
beam with one load, Plank pivots as Force is applied active
a fulcrum, and force fulcrum (ex: between the load and
applied to it wheelbarrow) the fulcrum

Block and Tackle Fixed Pulley- Movable Pulley- A
Pulley- A system of 2 Changes the pulley that can freely
or more pulleys direction of force on a move
rope or belt that
moves.

2. Experiment: How does the angle of an inclined plane affect:
A. Ideal Mechanical Advantage
B. Actual Mechanical Advantage
C. Efficiency
*Think about the scientific Method
DATA TABLE
***Why is the Actual Mechanical Advantage always less than the Ideal Mechanical:

- Actual mechanical advantage is always less than the ideal mechanical
advantage because it is impossible to get more work from a machine than the
work put in.

Conclusion:

The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether or not the angle of a ramp
affects efficiency. To create the experiment, we used a ring stand, spring scale, and a wooden
ramp. We performed the procedure by finding three different angles of the ramp, and then
finding the efficiency of each angle. To conclude, we found that as the angle increased, so did
the efficiency, which clearly showed that angle does affect efficiency.

3. Critical Thinking:
A. How much WORK would be done to lift a 350 kg Piano to the top of the Empire State
Building using a ramp with an angle of 35 degrees?

350kg*9.8m/s2=3430
2.5=3430 N/x
8575 N = x

Win= Distance*Force input
Win=834 ft(8575 N)
Win=7,151,550J

1. What is the length of the ramp to the top of the Empire State Building?
35 degrees = 0.57358
Hyp = Opposite(0.57358)
Hyp = 1,454ft(0.57358)
Hyp = 834 feet

2. Suppose the Ideal Mechanical Advantage is 3.2
3. The Actual Mechanical Advantage (AMA) is 2.5.
4. What is the Efficiency of this Machine?
Workout = Distance out*Force out
Workout = 1454 ft(3430 N)
Workout = 4,987,220 J

E = Workout/Workin
E = 4,987,220/7,151,550
E = .697*100
E = 69.7%

4. Explain how the Ideal Mechanical Advantage and Actual Mechanical Advantage is
determined for the following simple machines:
A. Inclined Plane-

- AMA= Output Force/Input Force (Effort)
- IMA= Input Distance(Effort)/Output Distance (Height)
B. Lever

Ideal Mechanical Advantage - the input power is preserved and simply trades off forces
against movement.
Actual Mechanical Advantage - input work = output work
C. Pulleys -
Ideal Mechanical Advantage - counting the ropes. One pulley uses two ropes, so then
the workload is divided by two ropes and not one.
Actual Mechanical Advantage - the ratio of the output for to the input force

5. Complete the Following Worksheet:

Worksheet 2
Effort Force = Input Force
Resistance Force = Output Force

1. IMA= 24/5 = 4​ .8
2. IMA= 18/4=​ 4.5
3. AMA= 325/20= ​16.25
4. Efficiency= 5.22/6 *100= ​87

6. Group: Video 1 Trial of the Lab that demonstrates the experiment and
the calculations
* Attach link to video here

Link​:
https://drive.google.com/a/cheshire.k12.ct.us/file/d/0BxCYS1pmq3RedTM0aEVwSGlpbGs/view
?usp=sharing

Quiz: Inclined Plane 
 

QUIZ: Inclined Plane

Directions: ​Analyze the Inclined Plane Data Table that is shared on
Classroom and determine which machine has the greatest Actual
Mechanical Advantage (AMA).

Problem Statement:

How does the angle of an inclined plane affect the Mechanical
Advantage?

Hypothesis: ​(Use proper form!)

If angle is increased, then the mechanical advantage will decrease.

Diagrams of Inclined Planes:​ (Label Diagrams)

Angle #1 Angle #2 Angle #3
Angle= Output dist./input dist Angle= Output dist./input dist Angle= Output dist./input dist
Angle= 30/150 Angle= 30/90 Angle= 30/50
Sine= 0.2 Sine= 0.333 Sine= 0.6
Angle= 1​ 2 Degrees Angle= 1​ 9.5 Degrees Angle= ​37 Degrees

Angle Chart: ​https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B4RmhXJlHvo1YXZhcDNMSDNSMXc

Calculations ​(Examples):

IMA For Angle #1 AMA For Angle #1 Efficiency For Angle #1
IMA= I​ nput Distance/ Output Distance AMA= O​ utput force/ input force E= ​Work output/ work input *100
IMA= 150m/30m AMA= 7N/2N E= 210J/300J *100

IMA= 5m AMA= 3.5N E= 70%

IMA For Angle #2 AMA For Angle #2 Efficiency For Angle #2
IMA= I​ nput Distance/ Output Distance AMA= ​Output force/ input force E= ​Work output/ work input *100
IMA= 90m/30m AMA= 7N/3N E= 210J/270J*100
E= 77.7%
IMA= 3m AMA= 2.3N
Efficiency For Angle #3
IMA For Angle #3 AMA For Angle #3 E= W​ ork output/ work input *100

IMA= ​Input Distance/ Output Distance AMA= O​ utput force/ input force

IMA= 50m/30m AMA= 7N/4N E= 210J/200J*100
IMA= 1.6m AMA= 1.75N E= 105%

Graph:​ (​ Angle and Mechanical Advantage)

Conclusion:

Option #1 Write a Conclusion.

***Your conclusion must also address which machine would be impossible

and why?

The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether or not angle affects the mechanical
advantage of an inclined plane. The hypothesis was that if angle is increased, then the
mechanical advantage will decrease. To find the data, AMA (actual mechanical advantage)
and IMA (ideal mechanical advantage) was found. After collecting the data, it can be shown
that as angle increases, the AMA and the IMA decreases. For example, the first inclined plane
has an angle of 12, and AMA of 3.5 and an IMA of 5. But, the second inclined plane has an
angle of 19.5, and has an AMA of 2.3 and an IMA of 3. This shows that as angle increases,
the mechanical advantage decreases, which supports the hypothesis. To add, the third
machine in the experiment would be impossible because it has a higher AMA than IMA, plus it
has an efficiency of 105%. This is impossible because a machine could never make more
work out than the work put in. In short, the end result of the experiment supports the
hypothesis, which states that the greater the angle, the less mechanical advantage.

Option #2 Building
Compare 2 famous buildings based on the following Inclined Plane Data.
A builder wanted to get a ​60 kg bag​ of concrete to the top of the 2
buildings.

Buildings= Empire State Building (381m) and Eiffel Tower (300m)

1. What would the length of the ramp be if the machine has:

Angle #1= Empire State Building
IMA= X/Output Distance
5.9= X/381m
2247.9=x
Input Distance (Length of Ramp)= 2247.9 meters

AMA - 3.7
AMA= Output force/ Input force
3.7= 22860/856449.9
Input Distance (Length of Ramp)= 2247.9 meters

Angle #2= Eiffel Tower
IMA= X/Output Distance
5.9= X/300
1770= X
Input Distance (Length of Ramp)= 1170 meters

AMA - 3.7
AMA= Output force/ Input force
3.7= 18000/134874
Input Distance (Length of Ramp)= 1170 meters