The words you are searching are inside this book. To get more targeted content, please make full-text search by clicking here.
Discover the best professional documents and content resources in AnyFlip Document Base.
Search
Published by B&R, 2018-05-17 13:21:35

MP Kamdo

,03257(5 , 352'8&(17

0$7(5,$ÿ•: 2'%/$6.2:<&+


































































öööɌº‚ìā™½º¬Ë•Ž½‚ÞºËö™ɌËÃɌ×½
ā‚ÃËö¬™Ä¬‚ʱº‚ìā™½º¬Ë•Ž½‚ÞºËö™ɌËÃɌ×½

; C.~ =;. = ~. .














*MVQE /%1(3 XS FEVH^S ^RER] HSWXE[GE QEXIVMEɹ[ SHFPEWOS[]GL [ )YVSTMI ˒VSHOS[S
[WGLSHRMIN 2EW^I HS˒[MEHG^IRMI RE V]ROY TV^]G^]RMS WMʚ HS XIKS ˵I K[EVERXYNIQ] HSWOSREʈ +g]cy J = ];Js
NEOS˒ʊ SJIVS[ER]GL TVSHYOXɹ[ SHFPEWOS[]GL ; ^[Mʈ^OY ^ X]Q ˵I TSPMG]NRI WXEX]WX]OM
TSX[MIVH^ENʈ OSRMIG^RS˒ʊ RSW^IRME SHFPEWOɹ[ REW^E JMVQE []GLSH^M RE TV^IGM[ OPMIRXSQ Ʌ ™ÚæüĈº‚æ ˏ™Äü æü×ê s DÚ s ɒ]ɒǾȁǿǽɒǾǼǽȂ
SJIVYNʈG TVSJIWNSREPRʈ SFWYKʚ M OSV^]WXRʈ GIRʚ Ʌ öüºËĂĂ ā •ā¬‚ĬÄü ĉêËڙޏ™Äü·Ä™·
Ʌ ā öÞāüæüà ׂޙà ˕Ž½‚ÞºËöüÃ
2EW^]QM OPMIRXEQM Wʈ TVEW^]QM OPMIRXEQM Wʈ TV^IHI [W^]WXOMQ YV^ʚH] TEʿWX[S[I TSPMGNE E XEO˵I JMVQ] OSQIVG]NRI OXɹVI
2 Ʌ ºË½ËÚɆ ĄÌÂæüɇ ā¬™½ËÄüɇ Ĭ™Ž¬™Þº¬ɇ ×ËÂڂŏāËöüɇ
YQMIW^G^ENʈ W[SNI PSKS M X]Q WEQ]Q TVSTEKYNʈ FI^TMIG^IʿWX[S RE HVSH^I ;]OSRYNIQ] TVSNIOX]
REHVYOɹ[ M []W]EQ] [M^YEPM^EGNʚ OSQTYXIVS[ʈ HS EOGITXEGNM .IWXI˒Q] Vɹ[RMI˵ IPEWX]G^RM NI˵IPM ÚÌĄËöü ¬ Ž¬‚Âü
GLSH^M S MRH][MHYEPRI ^PIGIRME 1EQ] HY˵S EXVEOG]NR]GL TSQ]Wɹ[ WY˵]Q] VEHʈ GS HS Ʌ •Ë ā‚ÂËĄ™Ä¬‚ Ă Þāü·¢ ½êŽ ¤ÂËö¢
Ʌ ÚËāì‚Ú ȀȂûȀȂûȂȂ Ã
Ʌ
MRH][MHYEPR]GL OW^XEXɹ[ M ^ETI[RMEQ] OVɹXOMI XIVQMR] VIEPM^EGNM
Ʌ ÃËĄ½¬öËߐ öüºËĂĬ‚ ¬Ä•üö¬•ê‚½Ä™¤Ë ÕÚêºê
]~ =;. J = ];Js



Ʌ ™ÚæüĈº‚æ ˏ™Äü æü×ê s DÚ s ɒ]ɒǾȁǿǼɒǾǼǽȂ
Ʌ ¬•™‚½Ä‚ ˏ©ÚËĂ ˕Ž½‚ÞºËö‚ •½‚ •ā¬™¬
Ʌ Âæ™Ú¬‚ÂɆ •ā¬‚ĬĂ ĉêËڙޏ™Äü·Ä‚ ā ö¤Úā‚ÄüÃ
ׂޙà ˕Ž½‚ÞºËöüÃ
Ʌ ÚËāì‚Ú êĬö™Úނ½Äü
Ʌ ÃËĄ½¬öËߐ ¬Ä•üö¬•ê‚½Ä™¤Ë ÕÚêºê


sJY;JɬV= ;.

t ™ÚæüĈº‚æ ˏ™Äü æü×ê s DÚ s ɒ]ɒǾȁǿǾɒǾǼǽȂ
t ×Úā™āÏā™Ä¬™ Ă Žêæü ½êŽ ÞæÚÌ· ¤¬ÃĂÞæüāÄü
t öüºËĂÄü ā 溂ĬÄü ĉêËڙޏ™Äü·Ä™·
ā öÞāüæüà ׂޙà ˕Ž½‚ÞºËöüà ā¤Ë•Äüà ā ÄËÚÉ DȀȃǽ
t öüì‚ÚüɆ ǿǾ û ǿȅ Ã
t ºË½ËÚüɆ ĄÌÂæüɇ ×ËÂڂŏāËöüɇ ā¬™½ËÄüɇ Ĭ™Ž¬™Þº¬ɇ ÚÌĄËöüɇ ā‚ÚÄü
t
t öüºËÄ귙Ãü ¬Ä•üö¬•ê‚½Ä™ ÕÚ꺬

~ V;. = ~. . . JYJ]By +



t ºË½ËÚɆ ĄÌÂæüɇ ×ËÂڂŏāËöüɇ ¤Ú‚Ä‚æËöüɇ ā‚ÚÄüɇ ā™ÚöËÄü
t öüºËĂę ā ×Úā™ö¬™öę·ɇ ™½‚Þæüāę· •ā¬‚ĬÄü ×˽¬™ÞæÚËö™·
t ā æ‚ßÉ ˕Ž½‚ÞºËö‰
t ā ˕Ž½‚ÞºËöüà ׂ޺¬™Ã
t ā‚׬ĂĂ Ă Úā™×
t ÃËĄ½¬öËߐ öüºËĂĬ‚ ÕÚêºê



öööɌº‚ìā™½º¬Ë•Ž½‚ÞºËö™ɌËÃɌ×½

ā‚ÃËö¬™Ä¬‚ʱº‚ìā™½º¬Ë•Ž½‚ÞºËö™ɌËÃɌ×½

; C.~ =;. = ~. .














*MVQE /%1(3 XS FEVH^S ^RER] HSWXE[GE QEXIVMEɹ[ SHFPEWOS[]GL [ )YVSTMI ˒VSHOS[S
[WGLSHRMIN 2EW^I HS˒[MEHG^IRMI RE V]ROY TV^]G^]RMS WMʚ HS XIKS ˵I K[EVERXYNIQ] HSWOSREʈ +g]cy J = ];Js
NEOS˒ʊ SJIVS[ER]GL TVSHYOXɹ[ SHFPEWOS[]GL ; ^[Mʈ^OY ^ X]Q ˵I TSPMG]NRI WXEX]WX]OM
TSX[MIVH^ENʈ OSRMIG^RS˒ʊ RSW^IRME SHFPEWOɹ[ REW^E JMVQE []GLSH^M RE TV^IGM[ OPMIRXSQ Ʌ ™ÚæüĈº‚æ ˏ™Äü æü×ê s DÚ s ɒ]ɒǾȁǿǽɒǾǼǽȂ
SJIVYNʈG TVSJIWNSREPRʈ SFWYKʚ M OSV^]WXRʈ GIRʚ Ʌ öüºËĂĂ ā •ā¬‚ĬÄü ĉêËڙޏ™Äü·Ä™·
Ʌ ā öÞāüæüà ׂޙà ˕Ž½‚ÞºËöüÃ
2EW^]QM OPMIRXEQM Wʈ TVEW^]QM OPMIRXEQM Wʈ TV^IHI [W^]WXOMQ YV^ʚH] TEʿWX[S[I TSPMGNE E XEO˵I JMVQ] OSQIVG]NRI OXɹVI
2 Ʌ ºË½ËÚɆ ĄÌÂæüɇ ā¬™½ËÄüɇ Ĭ™Ž¬™Þº¬ɇ ×ËÂڂŏāËöüɇ
YQMIW^G^ENʈ W[SNI PSKS M X]Q WEQ]Q TVSTEKYNʈ FI^TMIG^IʿWX[S RE HVSH^I ;]OSRYNIQ] TVSNIOX]
REHVYOɹ[ M []W]EQ] [M^YEPM^EGNʚ OSQTYXIVS[ʈ HS EOGITXEGNM .IWXI˒Q] Vɹ[RMI˵ IPEWX]G^RM NI˵IPM ÚÌĄËöü ¬ Ž¬‚Âü
GLSH^M S MRH][MHYEPRI ^PIGIRME 1EQ] HY˵S EXVEOG]NR]GL TSQ]Wɹ[ WY˵]Q] VEHʈ GS HS Ʌ •Ë ā‚ÂËĄ™Ä¬‚ Ă Þāü·¢ ½êŽ ¤ÂËö¢
Ʌ ÚËāì‚Ú ȀȂûȀȂûȂȂ Ã
Ʌ
MRH][MHYEPR]GL OW^XEXɹ[ M ^ETI[RMEQ] OVɹXOMI XIVQMR] VIEPM^EGNM
Ʌ ÃËĄ½¬öËߐ öüºËĂĬ‚ ¬Ä•üö¬•ê‚½Ä™¤Ë ÕÚêºê
]~ =;. J = ];Js



Ʌ ™ÚæüĈº‚æ ˏ™Äü æü×ê s DÚ s ɒ]ɒǾȁǿǼɒǾǼǽȂ
Ʌ ¬•™‚½Ä‚ ˏ©ÚËĂ ˕Ž½‚ÞºËö‚ •½‚ •ā¬™¬
Ʌ Âæ™Ú¬‚ÂɆ •ā¬‚ĬĂ ĉêËڙޏ™Äü·Ä‚ ā ö¤Úā‚ÄüÃ
ׂޙà ˕Ž½‚ÞºËöüÃ
Ʌ ÚËāì‚Ú êĬö™Úނ½Äü
Ʌ ÃËĄ½¬öËߐ ¬Ä•üö¬•ê‚½Ä™¤Ë ÕÚêºê


sJY;JɬV= ;.

t ™ÚæüĈº‚æ ˏ™Äü æü×ê s DÚ s ɒ]ɒǾȁǿǾɒǾǼǽȂ
t ×Úā™āÏā™Ä¬™ Ă Žêæü ½êŽ ÞæÚÌ· ¤¬ÃĂÞæüāÄü
t öüºËĂÄü ā 溂ĬÄü ĉêËڙޏ™Äü·Ä™·
ā öÞāüæüà ׂޙà ˕Ž½‚ÞºËöüà ā¤Ë•Äüà ā ÄËÚÉ DȀȃǽ
t öüì‚ÚüɆ ǿǾ û ǿȅ Ã
t ºË½ËÚüɆ ĄÌÂæüɇ ×ËÂڂŏāËöüɇ ā¬™½ËÄüɇ Ĭ™Ž¬™Þº¬ɇ ÚÌĄËöüɇ ā‚ÚÄü
t
t öüºËÄ귙Ãü ¬Ä•üö¬•ê‚½Ä™ ÕÚ꺬

~ V;. = ~. . . JYJ]By +



t ºË½ËÚɆ ĄÌÂæüɇ ×ËÂڂŏāËöüɇ ¤Ú‚Ä‚æËöüɇ ā‚ÚÄüɇ ā™ÚöËÄü
t öüºËĂę ā ×Úā™ö¬™öę·ɇ ™½‚Þæüāę· •ā¬‚ĬÄü ×˽¬™ÞæÚËö™·
t ā æ‚ßÉ ˕Ž½‚ÞºËö‰
t ā ˕Ž½‚ÞºËöüà ׂ޺¬™Ã
t ā‚׬ĂĂ Ă Úā™×
t ÃËĄ½¬öËߐ öüºËĂĬ‚ ÕÚêºê



öööɌº‚ìā™½º¬Ë•Ž½‚ÞºËö™ɌËÃɌ×½

ā‚ÃËö¬™Ä¬‚ʱº‚ìā™½º¬Ë•Ž½‚ÞºËö™ɌËÃɌ×½

đđđȩ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȩñÝ





























BÑÄôđ÷Ė° ÷â°ôü



üô°âñçÝÑã° ã° øđÑļÑÄȦ

















Hâ°ôü üô°âñçÝÑã° ɓ đ÷ñ°ãÑ°á° Ė°»°đ° Ñ Îđ°ô°ãüçđ°ãÄ »ÄĖñÑļĖÄä÷üđçȮ


4çđ°üçô÷ÜÑÄ ôçĖđÑ·Ė°ãÑ° Ñ »ÄĖñÑļĖãÄ ÷Ü°Ü°ãÑÄȮ


]°âÑ°÷ü ÷ñôÌęēã ñôÌüē Ė đáèÜã° ÷ĖÜÝ°ãÄÎç þâÑÄ÷Ė¼ĖçãÄ ÷· ñçÀ â°ü· Ñ ã°À
ô°â·Ȥ ñçĖ° Ė°÷ÑÌÎÑÄâ ÷Ü°¼Ė·¼ÄÛ ç÷ç»ēȩ E°â° ñôĖÄãÑÄ÷Ñçã° đ ü°ÜÑÄ âÑÄÛ÷¼ÄȤ
»ē ãÑÄ »ēá âçĖÝÑđē Üçãü°Üü Ė ãÑ· ñçÀ¼Ė°÷ ÷Ü°Ü°ãÑ°ȩ 3ÑÌÜÜ° Üô°đÌÀė â°üē
°»÷çô»þÛ·¼° ÄãÄôÎÑÌ Ñ °âçôüēĖþÛ·¼° þÀÄôĖÄãÑ°ȩ BçüđÑÄôÀĖçãçȤ ęÄ ÛÄ÷ü °ę Ʒƴ
ÜôçüãÑÄ ÷ÜþüļĖãÑÄÛ÷Ė° đ á°ÎçÀĖÄãÑþ þÀÄôĖÄãÑ°ȩ BçüđÑÄôÀĖçãçȤ ęÄ ÛÄ÷ü °ę Ʒƴ

ÜôçüãÑÄ ÷ÜþüļĖãÑÄÛ÷Ė° đ á°ÎçÀĖÄãÑþ þÀÄôĖÄä ãÑę Üô°đÌÀė â°üē üô°Àē¼ēÛãÄÛȩ
Ý°÷üē¼Ėã° ÷Ñ°üÜ° çü°¼Ė°Û·¼° üô°âñçÝÑãÌ çÀ»ÑÛ°Û·¼° ÷Üç¼ĖÜ° Ė ñçđôçüÄâ ã°
â
â°°üÌ Ñ Ė°ñç»ÑÄΰ۷¼° þñ°ÀÜÑÄâ Ė üô°âñçÝÑãēȩ ]°âÑ°÷ü âÄü°Ýçđē¼Ð ÷áþñÜèđ
ñçÀüôĖēâþÛ·¼ē¼Ð ÷Ñ°üÜÌ Ė°÷üç÷çđ°ãç ÄÝ°÷üē¼ĖãÄ ñôÌüēȩ





HñôÑãÎÍôÄÄ ɓ B°ĐÄÝ Eþ÷ãçÜ ĖÑ°á ÷ñôĖÄÀ°ęēȨ
ç»ôļܰ ƶƻȤ ƸƷɎƸƴƴ ÑÄ÷ĖēãȤ ÑãÍçˀ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȩñÝ LÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƺƴƴ ƽƶƵ ƽƼƴȤ ÑãÍçˀ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȩñÝ đđđȮ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȮñÝ

đđđȩ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȩñÝ





























BÑÄôđ÷Ė° ÷â°ôü



üô°âñçÝÑã° ã° øđÑļÑÄȦ

















Hâ°ôü üô°âñçÝÑã° ɓ đ÷ñ°ãÑ°á° Ė°»°đ° Ñ Îđ°ô°ãüçđ°ãÄ »ÄĖñÑļĖÄä÷üđçȮ


4çđ°üçô÷ÜÑÄ ôçĖđÑ·Ė°ãÑ° Ñ »ÄĖñÑļĖãÄ ÷Ü°Ü°ãÑÄȮ


]°âÑ°÷ü ÷ñôÌęēã ñôÌüē Ė đáèÜã° ÷ĖÜÝ°ãÄÎç þâÑÄ÷Ė¼ĖçãÄ ÷· ñçÀ â°ü· Ñ ã°À
ô°â·Ȥ ñçĖ° Ė°÷ÑÌÎÑÄâ ÷Ü°¼Ė·¼ÄÛ ç÷ç»ēȩ E°â° ñôĖÄãÑÄ÷Ñçã° đ ü°ÜÑÄ âÑÄÛ÷¼ÄȤ
»ē ãÑÄ »ēá âçĖÝÑđē Üçãü°Üü Ė ãÑ· ñçÀ¼Ė°÷ ÷Ü°Ü°ãÑ°ȩ 3ÑÌÜÜ° Üô°đÌÀė â°üē
°»÷çô»þÛ·¼° ÄãÄôÎÑÌ Ñ °âçôüēĖþÛ·¼° þÀÄôĖÄãÑ°ȩ BçüđÑÄôÀĖçãçȤ ęÄ ÛÄ÷ü °ę Ʒƴ
ÜôçüãÑÄ ÷ÜþüļĖãÑÄÛ÷Ė° đ á°ÎçÀĖÄãÑþ þÀÄôĖÄãÑ°ȩ BçüđÑÄôÀĖçãçȤ ęÄ ÛÄ÷ü °ę Ʒƴ

ÜôçüãÑÄ ÷ÜþüļĖãÑÄÛ÷Ė° đ á°ÎçÀĖÄãÑþ þÀÄôĖÄä ãÑę Üô°đÌÀė â°üē üô°Àē¼ēÛãÄÛȩ
Ý°÷üē¼Ėã° ÷Ñ°üÜ° çü°¼Ė°Û·¼° üô°âñçÝÑãÌ çÀ»ÑÛ°Û·¼° ÷Üç¼ĖÜ° Ė ñçđôçüÄâ ã°
â°°üÌ Ñ Ė°ñç»ÑÄΰ۷¼° þñ°ÀÜÑÄâ Ė üô°âñçÝÑãēȩ ]°âÑ°÷ü âÄü°Ýçđē¼Ð ÷áþñÜèđ
â
ñçÀüôĖēâþÛ·¼ē¼Ð ÷Ñ°üÜÌ Ė°÷üç÷çđ°ãç ÄÝ°÷üē¼ĖãÄ ñôÌüēȩ





HñôÑãÎÍôÄÄ ɓ B°ĐÄÝ Eþ÷ãçÜ ĖÑ°á ÷ñôĖÄÀ°ęēȨ
ç»ôļܰ ƶƻȤ ƸƷɎƸƴƴ ÑÄ÷ĖēãȤ ÑãÍçˀ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȩñÝ LÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƺƴƴ ƽƶƵ ƽƼƴȤ ÑãÍçˀ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȩñÝ đđđȮ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȮñÝ









ųƋƼŸƋƼÎDŽĹåƉŸDŽƼÎĜåƉŞųDŽƼƋƚĬ°ĹåĩţţţţƉ





4H TI[RIKS G^EWY ^ENQYNé WMé W^]GMIQ V¾ŏRIKS VSH^ENY XIOWX]PM¾[ WOERH]RE[OMGL >RENH^MIGMI XY Q MR
^E[MIW^OM ^[MIV^ÒXOE PEPOM ERMSēOM TSHYW^OM KMVPERH] M [MIPI [MIPI MRR]GL /IHR]Q WēS[IQ G^IKS HYW^E
^ETVEKRMI 2SNI TV^IHQMSX] []OSR][ERI WÒ X]POS M []ēÒG^RMI ^ RS[]GL QEXIVMEē¾[ ;W^]WXOMI WÒ

YRMOEXS[I M RMITS[XEV^EPRI X[SV^SRI ^ TEWNÒ M WIVGIQ 2EQ REH^MINé ŏI TV^IRMSWÒ 5EĕWX[E
[ RMITS[XEV^EPR] FENOS[] Į[MEX OX¾V] HPE NIHR]GL FéH^MI TS[VSXIQ HS QēSH^MIĕG^]GL PEX HPE MRR]GL
^EĮ W^ERWÒ RE WX[SV^IRMI RS[]GL GMIOE[]GL EVERŏEGNM































































[[[ JEGIFSSO GSQ I[E OYPMO

I[EOYPMO $KQEMP GSQ

ųƋƼŸƋƼÎDŽĹåƉŸDŽƼÎĜåƉŞųDŽƼƋƚĬ°ĹåĩţţţţƉ





4H TI[RIKS G^EWY ^ENQYNé WMé W^]GMIQ V¾ŏRIKS VSH^ENY XIOWX]PM¾[ WOERH]RE[OMGL >RENH^MIGMI XY Q MR
^E[MIW^OM ^[MIV^ÒXOE PEPOM ERMSēOM TSHYW^OM KMVPERH] M [MIPI [MIPI MRR]GL /IHR]Q WēS[IQ G^IKS HYW^E
^ETVEKRMI 2SNI TV^IHQMSX] []OSR][ERI WÒ X]POS M []ēÒG^RMI ^ RS[]GL QEXIVMEē¾[ ;W^]WXOMI WÒ

YRMOEXS[I M RMITS[XEV^EPRI X[SV^SRI ^ TEWNÒ M WIVGIQ 2EQ REH^MINé ŏI TV^IRMSWÒ 5EĕWX[E
[ RMITS[XEV^EPR] FENOS[] Į[MEX OX¾V] HPE NIHR]GL FéH^MI TS[VSXIQ HS QēSH^MIĕG^]GL PEX HPE MRR]GL
^EĮ W^ERWÒ RE WX[SV^IRMI RS[]GL GMIOE[]GL EVERŏEGNM































































[[[ JEGIFSSO GSQ I[E OYPMO

I[EOYPMO $KQEMP GSQ

%$%<6(16(6 .2175$672:(



=$%$:., '/$ 1,(02:/$7



.RQWUDVWRZH ]DEDZNL PDW\ L DNFHVRULD GOD QLHPRZOÃW %DE\ 6HQVHV SRZVWDMÃ Z FDÊRÐFL
Z 3ROVFH QD SRGVWDZLH DXWRUVNLFK Z]RUµZ

3URGXNW\ PDUNL ]RVWDÊ\ ]DSURMHNWRZDQH WDN DE\ ZVSLHUDÅ UR]ZµM NLONX ]P\VʵZ MHGQRF]HÐQLH 'X×H NRQWUDVWRZH SURVWH
Z]RU\ UR]ZLMDMÃ Z]URN PDOXV]ND V]HOHV]F]ÃFH JU]HFKRF]ÃFH L G]ZRQLÃFH HOHPHQW\ ]DEDZHN VW\PXOXMÃ VÊXFK
QDWRPLDVW Uµ×QRURGQH IDNWXU\ WNDQLQ SREXG]DMÃ ]P\VÊ GRW\NX

:65Ï' %(676(//(5Ï: =1$-'$ 3$167:2




ï .RQWUDVWRZH PDW\ HGXNDF\MQH

ï .RQWUDVWRZD NDUX]HOD GUHZQLDQD

ï : RIHUFLH ĆUP\ %DE\6HQVHV ]QDMGà 3DÌVWZR UµZQLH× EDZHÊQLDQH NVLÃ×HF]NL
NRQWUDVWRZH NRVWNL VHQVRU\F]QH JU\]DNL ] GUHZQD EXNRZHJR ] GRÊÃF]RQ\PL
]DEDZNDPL PRELOH ]DZLHV]NL GR Zµ]ND L ʵ×HF]ND V]HOHÐFLNL V]PDWNL VHQVRU\F]QH
L ZLHOH LQQ\FK

=$35$6=$0< '2 2':,('=(1,$



1$6=(- 67521<









ZZZ EDE\VHQVHV SO


ELXUR#EDE\VHQVHV SO _

%$%<6(16(6 .2175$672:(



=$%$:., '/$ 1,(02:/$7



.RQWUDVWRZH ]DEDZNL PDW\ L DNFHVRULD GOD QLHPRZOÃW %DE\ 6HQVHV SRZVWDMÃ Z FDÊRÐFL
Z 3ROVFH QD SRGVWDZLH DXWRUVNLFK Z]RUµZ

3URGXNW\ PDUNL ]RVWDÊ\ ]DSURMHNWRZDQH WDN DE\ ZVSLHUDÅ UR]ZµM NLONX ]P\VʵZ MHGQRF]HÐQLH 'X×H NRQWUDVWRZH SURVWH
Z]RU\ UR]ZLMDMÃ Z]URN PDOXV]ND V]HOHV]F]ÃFH JU]HFKRF]ÃFH L G]ZRQLÃFH HOHPHQW\ ]DEDZHN VW\PXOXMÃ VÊXFK
QDWRPLDVW Uµ×QRURGQH IDNWXU\ WNDQLQ SREXG]DMÃ ]P\VÊ GRW\NX

:65Ï' %(676(//(5Ï: =1$-'$ 3$167:2




ï .RQWUDVWRZH PDW\ HGXNDF\MQH

ï .RQWUDVWRZD NDUX]HOD GUHZQLDQD

ï : RIHUFLH ĆUP\ %DE\6HQVHV ]QDMGà 3DÌVWZR UµZQLH× EDZHÊQLDQH NVLÃ×HF]NL
NRQWUDVWRZH NRVWNL VHQVRU\F]QH JU\]DNL ] GUHZQD EXNRZHJR ] GRÊÃF]RQ\PL
]DEDZNDPL PRELOH ]DZLHV]NL GR Zµ]ND L ʵ×HF]ND V]HOHÐFLNL V]PDWNL VHQVRU\F]QH
L ZLHOH LQQ\FK

=$35$6=$0< '2 2':,('=(1,$



1$6=(- 67521<









ZZZ EDE\VHQVHV SO


ELXUR#EDE\VHQVHV SO _

32Ĝ&Ζ(/ = )$/%$1.Æ 5•Ľ2:$

3RĝFLHO Z\NRQDQD ] UµľRZHM EDZHĄQ\ Z ELDĄH
GHOLNDWQH NURSHF]NL L ELDĄHM EDZHĄQ\ R]GRELRQD
IDOEDQNÇ ] UµľRZHM EDZHĄQ\ Z ELDĄH NURSHF]NL
L Z\NRĆF]RQD ODPµZNÇ Z NRORU]H IXNVML


32Ĝ&Ζ(/(

/LOXOD\ WR HNVNOX]\ZQD Z\VRNLHM MDNRĝFL SRĝFLHO GOD G]LHFL NWµUD Z\UµľQLD VLÛ QLH]Z\NOH
VWDUDQQ\P Z\NRQDQLHP RUD] SHUIHNF\MQ\P Z\NRĆF]HQLHP 6W\ORZH L QLHEDQDOQH SURGXNW\ 32Ĝ&Ζ(/ : =<*=$. *(20(75<&=1<
SRZVWDĄ\ ] PDWHULDĄµZ QDMZ\ľV]HM MDNRĝFL 3RĝFLHO MHVW Z\MÇWNRZR GHOLNDWQD Z GRW\NX MDN UµZQLHľ 3RĝFLHO Z\NRQDQD ] EDZHĄQ\ Z ]\J]DN JHRPHWU\F]Q\
EH]SLHF]QD GOD GHOLNDWQHM VNµU\ G]LHFL RG SLHUZV]\FK FKZLO ľ\FLD :LHOREDUZQH Z]RUQLFWZR UµľRZR V]DUR WXUNXVRZ\ Z\NRĆF]RQD ODPµZNÇ Z NRORU]H
VSUDZLD ľH SRĝFLHO /LOXOD\ GRVNRQDOH VSUDZG]L VLÛ GR DUDQľDFML G]LHFLÛFHJR SRNRLNX MDVQR V]DU\P Z ELDĄH NURSHF]NL 'UXJD VWURQD SRĝFLHOL
Z\NRQDQD ]RVWDĄD ] ELDĄHM EDZHĄQ\
.2&<.Ζ

/HNNLH L FLHSĄH NRF\NL /LOXOD\ FKURQLÇ ]DUµZQR SU]HG FKĄRGHP MDN L SU]HJU]DQLHP 6WDQRZLÇ
SU]\GDWQ\ HOHPHQW QLHPRZOÛFHM Z\SUDZNL ]DUµZQR Z SRNRLNX MDN L QD VSDFHU]H .RF\NL ]RVWDĄ\ .2&<. %ăÚ.Ζ71< : %Ζ$ă( .523.Ζ
Z\NRQDQH ] PDWHULDĄµZ QDMZ\ľV]HM MDNRĝFL ]DSHZQLDMÇF PDOHĆVWZX SHĄHQ NRPIRUW
L EH]SLHF]HĆVWZR 6WDUDQQLH Z\NRQDQH QLH RGEDUZLDMÇ VLÛ L QLH RGNV]WDĄFDMÇ :]RU\ QD WNDQLQDFK .RF\N ]RVWDĄ Z\NRQDQ\ UÛF]QLH ] GEDĄRĝFLÇ
GRVNRQDOH VW\PXOXMÇ Z]URN QLHPRZOÛFLD UR]EXG]DMÇF MHJR FLHNDZRĝÉ ĝZLDWD R QDMPQLHMV]H V]F]HJµĄ\ .RF\N EÛG]LH GRVNRQDĄ\P
GRSHĄQLHQLHP SRĝFLHOL LGHDOQLH VSUDZG]L VLÛ MDNR
FLHSOXWNL RWXODF] GR Zµ]HF]ND








.2&<. : .2/252:( 027</.Ζ

.RF\N ]RVWDĄ Z\NRQDQ\ UÛF]QLH ] GEDĄRĝFLÇ R QDMPQLHMV]H
V]F]HJµĄ\ .RF\N EÛG]LH GRVNRQDĄ\P GRSHĄQLHQLHP SRĝFLHOL
LGHDOQLH VSUDZG]L VLÛ MDNR FLHSOXWNL RWXODF] GR Zµ]HF]ND






/LOXOD\ WR HNVNOX]\ZQD SRĝFLHO G]LHFLÛFD D WDNľH V]HUHJ VW\ORZ\FK L QLHEDQDOQ\FK
SURGXNWµZ GOD QDMPĄRGV]\FK 6WDZLDP\ QD QDWXUDOQH WNDQLQ\ QDMZ\ľV]HM MDNRĝFL Z\MÇWNRZÇ
MDNRĝÉ Z\NRQDQLD IXQNFMRQDOQRĝÉ L RU\JLQDOQH Z]RU\ 1DV]H SURGXNW\ WR QDMOHSV]\ VSRVµE
QD ]DSHZQLHQLH LGHDOQ\FK ZDUXQNµZ RGSRF]\QNX GOD 7ZRMHJR ']LHFND D ]DUD]HP SLÛNQ\
HOHPHQW Z\VWURMX G]LHFLÛFHM V\SLDOQL









ZZZ OLOXOD\ FRP



LQIR#OLOXOD\ FRP

32Ĝ&Ζ(/ = )$/%$1.Æ 5•Ľ2:$

3RĝFLHO Z\NRQDQD ] UµľRZHM EDZHĄQ\ Z ELDĄH
GHOLNDWQH NURSHF]NL L ELDĄHM EDZHĄQ\ R]GRELRQD
IDOEDQNÇ ] UµľRZHM EDZHĄQ\ Z ELDĄH NURSHF]NL
L Z\NRĆF]RQD ODPµZNÇ Z NRORU]H IXNVML


32Ĝ&Ζ(/(

/LOXOD\ WR HNVNOX]\ZQD Z\VRNLHM MDNRĝFL SRĝFLHO GOD G]LHFL NWµUD Z\UµľQLD VLÛ QLH]Z\NOH
VWDUDQQ\P Z\NRQDQLHP RUD] SHUIHNF\MQ\P Z\NRĆF]HQLHP 6W\ORZH L QLHEDQDOQH SURGXNW\ 32Ĝ&Ζ(/ : =<*=$. *(20(75<&=1<
SRZVWDĄ\ ] PDWHULDĄµZ QDMZ\ľV]HM MDNRĝFL 3RĝFLHO MHVW Z\MÇWNRZR GHOLNDWQD Z GRW\NX MDN UµZQLHľ 3RĝFLHO Z\NRQDQD ] EDZHĄQ\ Z ]\J]DN JHRPHWU\F]Q\
EH]SLHF]QD GOD GHOLNDWQHM VNµU\ G]LHFL RG SLHUZV]\FK FKZLO ľ\FLD :LHOREDUZQH Z]RUQLFWZR UµľRZR V]DUR WXUNXVRZ\ Z\NRĆF]RQD ODPµZNÇ Z NRORU]H
VSUDZLD ľH SRĝFLHO /LOXOD\ GRVNRQDOH VSUDZG]L VLÛ GR DUDQľDFML G]LHFLÛFHJR SRNRLNX MDVQR V]DU\P Z ELDĄH NURSHF]NL 'UXJD VWURQD SRĝFLHOL
Z\NRQDQD ]RVWDĄD ] ELDĄHM EDZHĄQ\
.2&<.Ζ

/HNNLH L FLHSĄH NRF\NL /LOXOD\ FKURQLÇ ]DUµZQR SU]HG FKĄRGHP MDN L SU]HJU]DQLHP 6WDQRZLÇ
SU]\GDWQ\ HOHPHQW QLHPRZOÛFHM Z\SUDZNL ]DUµZQR Z SRNRLNX MDN L QD VSDFHU]H .RF\NL ]RVWDĄ\ .2&<. %ăÚ.Ζ71< : %Ζ$ă( .523.Ζ
Z\NRQDQH ] PDWHULDĄµZ QDMZ\ľV]HM MDNRĝFL ]DSHZQLDMÇF PDOHĆVWZX SHĄHQ NRPIRUW
L EH]SLHF]HĆVWZR 6WDUDQQLH Z\NRQDQH QLH RGEDUZLDMÇ VLÛ L QLH RGNV]WDĄFDMÇ :]RU\ QD WNDQLQDFK .RF\N ]RVWDĄ Z\NRQDQ\ UÛF]QLH ] GEDĄRĝFLÇ
GRVNRQDOH VW\PXOXMÇ Z]URN QLHPRZOÛFLD UR]EXG]DMÇF MHJR FLHNDZRĝÉ ĝZLDWD R QDMPQLHMV]H V]F]HJµĄ\ .RF\N EÛG]LH GRVNRQDĄ\P
GRSHĄQLHQLHP SRĝFLHOL LGHDOQLH VSUDZG]L VLÛ MDNR
FLHSOXWNL RWXODF] GR Zµ]HF]ND








.2&<. : .2/252:( 027</.Ζ

.RF\N ]RVWDĄ Z\NRQDQ\ UÛF]QLH ] GEDĄRĝFLÇ R QDMPQLHMV]H
V]F]HJµĄ\ .RF\N EÛG]LH GRVNRQDĄ\P GRSHĄQLHQLHP SRĝFLHOL
LGHDOQLH VSUDZG]L VLÛ MDNR FLHSOXWNL RWXODF] GR Zµ]HF]ND






/LOXOD\ WR HNVNOX]\ZQD SRĝFLHO G]LHFLÛFD D WDNľH V]HUHJ VW\ORZ\FK L QLHEDQDOQ\FK
SURGXNWµZ GOD QDMPĄRGV]\FK 6WDZLDP\ QD QDWXUDOQH WNDQLQ\ QDMZ\ľV]HM MDNRĝFL Z\MÇWNRZÇ
MDNRĝÉ Z\NRQDQLD IXQNFMRQDOQRĝÉ L RU\JLQDOQH Z]RU\ 1DV]H SURGXNW\ WR QDMOHSV]\ VSRVµE
QD ]DSHZQLHQLH LGHDOQ\FK ZDUXQNµZ RGSRF]\QNX GOD 7ZRMHJR ']LHFND D ]DUD]HP SLÛNQ\
HOHPHQW Z\VWURMX G]LHFLÛFHM V\SLDOQL









ZZZ OLOXOD\ FRP



LQIR#OLOXOD\ FRP

+FTUFėNZ EPėXJBED[POÁ LBESÁ [BXPEPXD¯X LU¯SB LSFVKF OPXF
USFOEZ OB SZOLV QSBDZ X PCT[BS[F BOJNBDKJ D[BTV XPMOFHP
/B[Á NJTKÁ KFTU QPCVE[FOJF QBTKJ X LBĸEZN LUP QSBHOJF
TBNPSFBMJ[BDKJ QPþÁD[POFK [ [BCBXÁ 8 PEQPXJFE[J OB [BQPUS[FCPXBOJF
SZOLV OB VTþVHJ BOJNBDZKOF EBKFNZ QBUFOU EP OPXFHP [BXPEV KBLP MJEFS
KFTUFėNZ UBN HE[JF OBT QPUS[FCVKFDJF












"OJNBUPS UP PH¯MOPQPMTLJ MJEFS X [BLSFTJF T[LPMFĀ "OJNBDKJ $[BTV 8PMOFHP
PSHBOJ[BDKJ FWFOU¯X PSB[ QPėSFEOJDUXB QSBDZ QS[Z SFBMJ[BDKJ BOJNBDKJ
IPUFMPXZDI [B HSBOJDÁ ,JMLVMFUOJB PCFDOPėÃ OB SZOLV UP TFULJ
QS[FQSPXBE[POZDI T[LPMFĀ DBTUJOH¯X J JNQSF[ EMB OBKXJÕLT[ZDI
5PVSPQFSBUPS¯X X LSBKV J &VSPQJF ,BĸEFHP SPLV DFSUZţLBU "OJNBUPSB
$[BTV 8PMOFHP PECJFSB CMJTLP LVSTBOU¯X QP UP BCZ QSBDPXBÃ
OB BOJNBDKBDI [B HSBOJDÁ PSB[ [EPCZXBÃ EPEBULPXF EPėXJBED[FOJF




































XXX BOJNBUPSDFOUFS DPN


JOGP!BOJNBUPSDFOUFS DPN

+FTUFėNZ EPėXJBED[POÁ LBESÁ [BXPEPXD¯X LU¯SB LSFVKF OPXF
USFOEZ OB SZOLV QSBDZ X PCT[BS[F BOJNBDKJ D[BTV XPMOFHP
/B[Á NJTKÁ KFTU QPCVE[FOJF QBTKJ X LBĸEZN LUP QSBHOJF
TBNPSFBMJ[BDKJ QPþÁD[POFK [ [BCBXÁ 8 PEQPXJFE[J OB [BQPUS[FCPXBOJF
SZOLV OB VTþVHJ BOJNBDZKOF EBKFNZ QBUFOU EP OPXFHP [BXPEV KBLP MJEFS
KFTUFėNZ UBN HE[JF OBT QPUS[FCVKFDJF












"OJNBUPS UP PH¯MOPQPMTLJ MJEFS X [BLSFTJF T[LPMFĀ "OJNBDKJ $[BTV 8PMOFHP
PSHBOJ[BDKJ FWFOU¯X PSB[ QPėSFEOJDUXB QSBDZ QS[Z SFBMJ[BDKJ BOJNBDKJ
IPUFMPXZDI [B HSBOJDÁ ,JMLVMFUOJB PCFDOPėÃ OB SZOLV UP TFULJ
QS[FQSPXBE[POZDI T[LPMFĀ DBTUJOH¯X J JNQSF[ EMB OBKXJÕLT[ZDI
5PVSPQFSBUPS¯X X LSBKV J &VSPQJF ,BĸEFHP SPLV DFSUZţLBU "OJNBUPSB
$[BTV 8PMOFHP PECJFSB CMJTLP LVSTBOU¯X QP UP BCZ QSBDPXBÃ
OB BOJNBDKBDI [B HSBOJDÁ PSB[ [EPCZXBÃ EPEBULPXF EPėXJBED[FOJF




































XXX BOJNBUPSDFOUFS DPN


JOGP!BOJNBUPSDFOUFS DPN

+DSS\+RS WR G\VWU\EXWRU Z\VRNLHM NODV\


GPXFKDĂFµZ L ]DEDZHN RJURGRZ\FK


: QDV]HM RIHUFLH ]QDMGÃ 3DÌVWZR ZV]\VWNR WR F]HJR :DV]H G]LHFL SRWU]HEXMÃ GR Z\ÐPLHQLWHM ]DEDZ\
2IHURZDQH GPXFKDÌFH SRVLDGDMÃ XQLNDOQ\ L FLHNDZ\ Z\JOÃG D SRQDGWR ND×G\ ] QLFK GRVWÇSQ\ MHVW
UµZQLH× Z ZHUVML NRPHUF\MQHM ZLÇNV]HM RG GRPRZ\FK RGSRZLHGQLNµZ

+DSS\ +RS ]DMPXMH VLÇ UµZQLH× RUJDQL]DFMÃ LPSUH] SOHQHURZ\FK ]GHMPXMÃF RERZLÃ]HN SODQRZDQLD
] EDUNµZ URG]LFµZ =DSHZQLDP\ G]LHFLRP QLH]DSRPQLDQH ZUD×HQLD L ZLHOH FLHNDZ\FK ]DEDZ

=DSUDV]DP\ GR ]DSR]QDQLD VLÇ ] QDV]Ã ERJDWÃ RIHUWÃ QD VWURQLH ĆUPRZHM +DSS\+RS















































ZZZ KDSS\KRS SO



ELXUR#KDSS\KRS SO 5$%$78
+DVÊR UDEDWRZH
0DJD]\Q 3U]HGV]NROD

+DSS\+RS WR G\VWU\EXWRU Z\VRNLHM NODV\


GPXFKDĂFµZ L ]DEDZHN RJURGRZ\FK


: QDV]HM RIHUFLH ]QDMGÃ 3DÌVWZR ZV]\VWNR WR F]HJR :DV]H G]LHFL SRWU]HEXMÃ GR Z\ÐPLHQLWHM ]DEDZ\
2IHURZDQH GPXFKDÌFH SRVLDGDMÃ XQLNDOQ\ L FLHNDZ\ Z\JOÃG D SRQDGWR ND×G\ ] QLFK GRVWÇSQ\ MHVW
UµZQLH× Z ZHUVML NRPHUF\MQHM ZLÇNV]HM RG GRPRZ\FK RGSRZLHGQLNµZ

+DSS\ +RS ]DMPXMH VLÇ UµZQLH× RUJDQL]DFMÃ LPSUH] SOHQHURZ\FK ]GHMPXMÃF RERZLÃ]HN SODQRZDQLD
] EDUNµZ URG]LFµZ =DSHZQLDP\ G]LHFLRP QLH]DSRPQLDQH ZUD×HQLD L ZLHOH FLHNDZ\FK ]DEDZ

=DSUDV]DP\ GR ]DSR]QDQLD VLÇ ] QDV]Ã ERJDWÃ RIHUWÃ QD VWURQLH ĆUPRZHM +DSS\+RS















































ZZZ KDSS\KRS SO



ELXUR#KDSS\KRS SO 5$%$78
+DVÊR UDEDWRZH
0DJD]\Q 3U]HGV]NROD









































1$6=( 35(0,(5<



,JQDÐ .LWHN DUFKLWHNW

$QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV

3U]H]DEDZQD L QLHSRNRUQD NVLÃ×ND

9Ü«ˆĂ¹« ôØãÊύ«Êô— ¼«ã—؁¹Ê R UHDOL]RZDQLX VZRLFK SDVML ZEUHZ
SU]HFLZQRÐFLRP



« Õ« ¹Ã«— «¼èÜãØÊôÃ— =É




5µ]LD 5HZHOND LQ×\QLHUND

1DV]H Z\GDZQLFWZR VSHFMDOL]XMH VLÇ Z VWDUDQQ\P GRERU]H RIHUW\ L SURSRQXMH $QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV
URG]LFRP L G]LHFLRP Z\VRNLHM MDNRÐFL NVLÃ×NL ]DUµZQR ZDUWRÐFLRZH OLWHUDFNR =DEDZQD L PÃGUD RSRZLHÐÅ R

MDN L SLÇNQLH LOXVWURZDQH 7R ìSLFWXUHERRNVë å NVLÃ×NL Z NWµU\FK WHNVW L REUD] UHDOL]RZDQLX SDVML L QLH]UD×DQLX
ZVSµÊJUDMà ]H VREà WZRU]ÃF XQLNDOQà MDNRÐÅ NWµUHM QLH GDÊRE\ VLÇ RVLÃJQÃÅ EH] VLÇ QLHSRZRG]HQLDPL
KDUPRQLL PLÇG]\ QLPL 6Ã WR SXEOLNDFMH GOD Z\PDJDMÃF\FK å SRXF]DMÃFD
L MHGQRF]HÐQLH HNVF\WXMÃFD OLWHUDWXUD G]LHFLÇFD =É








7HN 1RZRF]HVQ\ MDVNLQLRZLHF

3DWULFN 0F'RQQHOO


=DEDZQ\ VSRVµE PµZLHQLD R ]QDF]HQLX Z\ÊÃF]HQLD
RWDF]DMÃF\FK QDV XU]ÃG]HÌ L FLHV]HQLD VLÇ XURNDPL

SLÇNQHJR ÐZLDWD GRRNRÊD





$GD %DPELQL 1DXNRZF]\QL

$QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV


=$32:,('Ô





#.LQGHUNXOND




:6=<67.,( .6,ÂÖ., '267Æ31( 1$ ::: .,1'(5.8/.$ 3/

1$6=( 35(0,(5<



,JQDÐ .LWHN DUFKLWHNW

$QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV

3U]H]DEDZQD L QLHSRNRUQD NVLÃ×ND

9Ü«ˆĂ¹« ôØãÊύ«Êô— ¼«ã—؁¹Ê R UHDOL]RZDQLX VZRLFK SDVML ZEUHZ
SU]HFLZQRÐFLRP



« Õ« ¹Ã«— «¼èÜãØÊôÃ— =É




5µ]LD 5HZHOND LQ×\QLHUND

1DV]H Z\GDZQLFWZR VSHFMDOL]XMH VLÇ Z VWDUDQQ\P GRERU]H RIHUW\ L SURSRQXMH $QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV
URG]LFRP L G]LHFLRP Z\VRNLHM MDNRÐFL NVLÃ×NL ]DUµZQR ZDUWRÐFLRZH OLWHUDFNR =DEDZQD L PÃGUD RSRZLHÐÅ R

MDN L SLÇNQLH LOXVWURZDQH 7R ìSLFWXUHERRNVë å NVLÃ×NL Z NWµU\FK WHNVW L REUD] UHDOL]RZDQLX SDVML L QLH]UD×DQLX
ZVSµÊJUDMà ]H VREà WZRU]ÃF XQLNDOQà MDNRÐÅ NWµUHM QLH GDÊRE\ VLÇ RVLÃJQÃÅ EH] VLÇ QLHSRZRG]HQLDPL
KDUPRQLL PLÇG]\ QLPL 6Ã WR SXEOLNDFMH GOD Z\PDJDMÃF\FK å SRXF]DMÃFD
L MHGQRF]HÐQLH HNVF\WXMÃFD OLWHUDWXUD G]LHFLÇFD =É








7HN 1RZRF]HVQ\ MDVNLQLRZLHF

3DWULFN 0F'RQQHOO


=DEDZQ\ VSRVµE PµZLHQLD R ]QDF]HQLX Z\ÊÃF]HQLD
RWDF]DMÃF\FK QDV XU]ÃG]HÌ L FLHV]HQLD VLÇ XURNDPL

SLÇNQHJR ÐZLDWD GRRNRÊD





$GD %DPELQL 1DXNRZF]\QL

$QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV


=$32:,('Ô





#.LQGHUNXOND




:6=<67.,( .6,ÂÖ., '267Æ31( 1$ ::: .,1'(5.8/.$ 3/







=GURZH VWRS\ 'R SURGXNFML REXZLD 0HPR VWRVR

ZDQH VĈ QDMZ\İV]HM MDNRĤFL PDWHULDã\ :LHU
G]LHFND ]FKQLD L ZHZQčWU]QD F]čĤþ EXWD Z\NRQDQD
MHVW ] QDWXUDOQ\FK PLčNNLFK VNyU NR]LFK
LGHDOQ\FK GOD VWRS\ G]LHFND 6NyU\ WH Z
VSRVyE QDWXUDOQ\ GRVWRVRZXMĈ VLč GR
0HPR WR QDMZ\İV]HM MDNRĤFL REXZLH GOD
G]LHFL Z\NRQDQH Z NODV\F]Q\P VW\OX ] VWRS\ W\P VDP\P ]ZLčNV]DMĈ NRPIRUW Xİ\W
QDWXUDOQ\FK PDWHULDãyZ SU]\MD]Q\FK VWRSLH NRZDQLD 1LHNWyUH PRGHOH Z\SRVDİRQH
G]LHFND 8QLNDWRZĈ IXQNFMč GLDJQRVW\F]QĈ ]RVWDã\ Z VSHFMDOLVW\F]QĈ SRGV]HZNč
]DSHZQLD V\VWHP PRQLWRULQJX Z SRGHV]ZLH EH]FKURPRZĈ 1DWXUDOQH PDWHULDã\ R
0HPR :\SUDFRZDQD SU]H] ODWD NRQVWUXN ZãDĤFLZRĤFLDFK KLJURVNRSLMQ\FK VSUDZLDMĈ
FMD L WHFKQRORJLD PRQWDİX EXWyZ 0HPR İH EXW RGG\FKD D VWRSD QLH XOHJD
] ]DSRFHQLX
]\VNDãD\VNDãD X]QDQLH VSHFMDOLVWyZ MDNR
VNXWHF]QD PHWRGD SURILODNW\NL L OHF]HQLD
QDMF]čVWV]\FK ZDG SRVWDZ\









8QLNDWRZ\ V\VWHP G\QDPLF]QHM NRQWUROL
VWyS G]LHFND GDMĈF\ PRİOLZRĤþ ELHİĈFHJR
PRQLWRURZDQLD VWDQX VWyS RUD] QDW\FKPLD
VWRZHM UHDNFML 6SHFMDOQ\ RGVWDZLRQ\ NV]
WDãW SRGHV]Z\ GRGDWNRZR VWDELOL]XMH VWRSč
L ]DSHZQLD SUDZLGãRZH MHM XãRİHQLH SRG 6SHFMDOQD WHFKQRORJLD PRQWDİX
F]DV FKRGX 'LDJQRVW\F]QD SRGHV]ZD 9 WHFK SROHJDMĈFD QD SUDZLGãRZ\P XVW
0HPR 2EV]DUHP GLDJQRVW\F]Q\P REXZLD DZLHQLX FKROHZNL SRGF]DV SURFHVX PRQ
0HPR MHVW MHJR SRGHV]ZD 1D MHM SRZLHU WRZDQLD EXWD 7HFKQRORJLD WD JZDUDQWXMH
]FKQL RUD] QD REFDVLH ]RVWDãR Z\RGUčEQL ]DFKRZDQLH RVL V\PHWULL Z Z\SURGXNRZ
RQ\FK V]HĤþ SRQXPHURZDQ\FK VWUHI ] Z\ DQ\P EXFLH D W\P VDP\P ZUD] ] FKDUDNW
SXNã\PL SDVNDPL ELHİQLND VWUHID QRUP\ HU\VW\F]Q\P V]W\ZQ\P ]DSLčWNLHP L Z\VRNĈ
VWUHID U\]\ND RUD] F]WHU\ VWUHI\ GXİHM G\V FKROHZNĈ ZVSRPDJD SUDZLGãRZ\ UR]ZyM
IXQNFML 3RGF]DV Xİ\WNRZDQLD SDVNL XOHJDMĈ VWyS 2EXZLH 0HPR SR]EDZLRQH MHVW FHFK
ĤFLHUDQLX G]LčNL F]HPX VWDUWH IUDJPHQW\ NRQVWUXNF\MQ\FK PRJĈF\FK ]DNãyFLþ
XPRİOLZLDMĈ V]\ENĈ L SUHF\]\MQĈ GLDJQR]č REUD] U]HF]\ZLVWHM IL]MRORJLL L SRWU]HE VWyS Z
ZDG VWyS RUD] HZHQWXDOQH GREUDQLH RNUHVLH Z]UDVWDQLD ']LčNL WHPX REXZLH
ZNãDGHN : SU]\SDGNX EUDNX NRQLHF]QRĤFL 0HPR XMDZQLD LFK SUDZLGãRZRĤþ PRUIR
VWRVRZDQLD ZNãDGHN NRU\JXMĈF\FK EXW\ ORJLF]QRF]\QQRĤFLRZĈ OXE LVWQLHMĈFH
0HPR VSHãQLDMĈ IXQNFMč SURILODNW\F]QĈ ZDG\ EĈGĮ LFK V\PSWRP\
=HVWDZ ZNãDGHN ZFKRG]ĈF\FK Z VNãDG
V\VWHPX\VWHPX 0HPR ZUD] ] ZEXGRZDQ\P Z
V 3URGXNW X]\VNDã SR]\W\ZQĈ RSLQLč
SRGHV]ZLH REFDVHP 7KRPDV·D QDGDMH Å&HQWUXP =GURZLD ']LHFNDµ
EXWRP 0HPR FKDUDNWHU REXZLD NRUHNF\M
QHJR 2GSRZLHGQLD GOD G]LHFND ZNãDGND
PRİH E\þ GREUDQD EH]SRĤUHGQLR SU]H]
URG]LFD QD SRGVWDZLH ]DãĈF]RQHM LQVWUXNFML
Xİ\WNRZDQLD 6\VWHPX 0HPR OXE ZJ ZVND
]Dę VSHFMDOLVW\




ZZZ ]GURZHEXFLNL SO










Click to View FlipBook Version