MP Tu-mamo

ˆ˞˟˘ˣ ˇ˨ʠˠ˔ˠˢ ˝˘˦˧ ˣ˥˭ˬ˦˧˔ˡ˞˜˘ˠ ˗˟˔ ˢ˦ͅ˕ ˣˢ˦˭˨˞˨˝͗˖ˬ˖˛ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞
˖˜˘˞˔˪ˬ˖˛ʟ ˞˥˘˔˧ˬ˪ˡˬ˖˛ ˜ ˕˘˭ˣ˜˘˖˭ˡˬ˖˛ʡ


























































ˇˈ ˀʴˀ˂ ʠ ˪˪˪ʡ˧˨ʠˠ˔ˠˢʡˣ˟ʟ ˦˞˟˘ˣʳ˧˨ʠˠ˔ˠˢʡˣ˟ʟˇ˘˟ʡʭ ʩʬʦʠʨʦʦʠʫʣʦ

ˆ˞˥˭ˬˡ˞˔ ˆˬ˟˔˕ˢ˪˔

˃˥˭˘˗˦˧˔˪˜˔ˠˬ ˣˢˠˢ˖
˘˗˨˞˔˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˔ ˭ ˣ˘˪ˡˢΝ˖˜͗
ˆ˞˟˘ˣ ˇ˨ʠˠ˔ˠˢ ˝˘˦˧ ˣ˥˭ˬ˦˧˔ˡ˞˜˘ˠ ˗˟˔ ˢ˦ͅ˕ ˣˢ˦˭˨˞˨˝͗˖ˬ˖˛ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ ˖˜˘˞˔˪ˬ˖˛ʟ ˨·˔˧˪˜ ˡ˔˨˞ͩ ˖˭ˬ˧˔ˡ˜˔ ˠ˘˧ˢ˗͗
˞˥˘˔˧ˬ˪ˡˬ˖˛ ˜ ˕˘˭ˣ˜˘˖˭ˡˬ˖˛ʡ ˊ ˢˣ˔˥˖˜˨ ˢ ˪·˔˦ˡ˘ ˗ˢΝ˪˜˔˗˖˭˘ˡ˜˔ ˥ˢ˗˭˜˖˔ ˡ˔ ˣ˘·ˡˬ ˘˧˔˧ʟ ˦ˬ˟˔˕ˢ˪͗ʡ
˦˧˪ˢ˥˭ˬ·˔ˠ ˞ˢˠˣˢ˭ˬ˖˝ͩ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ͅ˪ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˘ ˡ˜˘ ˧ˬ˟˞ˢ ˪ˬ˪ˢ·˨˝͗ ˨Νˠ˜˘˖˛ ˡ˔ ˧˪˔˥˭ˬʟ ˟˘˖˭
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʥʤʨʟʣʣ ˭·
˧˔˞κ˘ ˨ˠˢκ˟˜˪˜˔˝͗ ˭˗ˢ˕ˬ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˡˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˨ˠ˜˘˝ͩ˧ˡˢΝ˖˜ ˞˔κ˗˘˚ˢ ˗ˡ˜˔ʡ
ˊ ˗˭˜˦˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˖˭˔˦˔˖˛ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘ ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚˜˘ ˔˕˦ˢ˥˕˨˝͗ ˭˕ˬ˧ ˪˜˘˟˘ ˨˪˔˚˜ ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˣˢ˖˜˘˖˛ʡ ˗˭˜˦˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˖˭˔˦˔˖˛ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘ ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚˜˘ ˔˕˦ˢ˥˕˨˝͗ ˭˕ˬ˧ ˪˜˘˟˘ ˨˪˔˚˜ ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˣˢ˖˜˘˖˛ʡ ˍ˘˦˧˔˪ ˈ˭˨ˣ˘·ˡ˜˔˝͗˖ˬ
ˊ
ˁ˔˗ˠ˜˔˥ ˕ˢ˗θ˖ͅ˪ ˭˔˕˨˥˭˔ ˡ˔˧˨˥˔˟ˡˬ ˣ˥ˢ˖˘˦ ˜˖˛ ˥ˢ˭˪ˢ˝˨ʡ ʽ˔˞ˢ ˥ˢ˗˭˜˖ ˪˜˘ˠʟ κ˘ ˡ˜˘ ˝˘˦˧
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʫʬʟʣʣ ˭·
·˔˧˪ˢ ˖˔·˞ˢ˪˜˖˜˘ ˪ˬ˞˟˨˖˭ˬ͙ ˧˘˟˘˪˜˭ˢ˥ ˖˭ˬ ˧˔˕˟˘˧ ˭ κˬ˖˜˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˞˔ʡ ˁ˔ ˦˭˖˭ͩΝ˖˜˘ ˜˦˧ˡ˜˘˝˘ ˧˔˞κ˘
˖˔·ˬ ˪˔˖˛˟˔˥˭ ˖˨˗ˢ˪ˡˬ˖˛ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ ˜ ˚˜˘˥ ˘˗˨˞˔˖ˬ˝ˡˬ˖˛ʟ ˗˭˜ͩ˞˜ ˞˧ͅ˥ˬˠ ˦˧˔˝˘ ˦˜ͩ ˧ˢ ˣ˥ˢ˦˧˦˭˘ʡ
ˍ˔ˣ˥˔˦˭˔ˠ ˪˜ͩ˖ ˗ˢ ˠ˜˘˝˦˖˔ʟ ˚˗˭˜˘ ˭ˡ˔˟˘θ͙ ˠˢκˡ˔ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˣˢ˕˨˗˭˔˝͗˖˘ ˪ˬˢ˕˥˔θˡ˜ͩ
˜ ˞˥˘˔˧ˬ˪ˡˢΝ͙ ˗˭˜˘˖˞˔ʟ ˗ˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔˟͗˖˘ ˞ˢˢ˥˗ˬˡ˔˖˝ͩ ˪˭˥ˢ˞ˢ˪ˢʠ˥˨˖˛ˢ˪͗ʟ ˭˗ˢ˟ˡˢΝ˖˜
ˠ˔ˡ˨˔˟ˡ˘ʟ ˢ˥˔˭ ˦˭˘˥˘˚ ˜ˡˡˬ˖˛ ˨ˠ˜˘˝ͩ˧ˡˢΝ˖˜ ˡ˜˘˭˕ͩ˗ˡˬ˖˛ ˡ˔ ˞˔κ˗ˬˠ ˘˧˔ˣ˜˘ ˥ˢ˭˪ˢ˝˨ʡ



ˈ˞·˔˗˔ˡ˞˔ ʠ ʺ͗˦˜˘ˡ˜˖˔ʟ

ʶ˟˔˦˦˜˖ ˊˢ˥˟˗
ˈ˞·˔˗˔ˡ˞˔ ʕʷˢˣ˔˦˨˝ ˢ˕˥˔˭˘˞ʕ ʠ
ʺ͗˦˜˘ˡ˜˖˔ ˧ˢ ˨˞·˔˗˔ˡ˞˔ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˔
ʾ˥˘˖˜˞ʟ ʵ˜ˡˢ
ˠˢκ˘ ˕ˬ͙ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˭˔˕˔˪˞͗ ˝˔˞
ʷ˨κ˔ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˔ ˨˞·˔˗˔ˡ˞˔ ˜ ˪ˬ˝͗˧˞ˢ˪͗ ˣˢˠˢ˖͗ ˘˗˨˞˔˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ʡ
˭ ˦ˬˠˣ˔˧ˬ˖˭ˡˬˠ ˞˥˘˖˜˞˜˘ˠ ˜ ˝˘˚ˢ
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʨʪʟʬʬ ˭·
ˣ˥˭ˬ˝˔˖˜ͅ·ˠ˜ʔ

ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʧʦʟʣʣ ˭·




ˆˢ˥˧˘˥ ʠ ˞˦˭˧˔·˧ˬ ˜ ˞ˢ˟ˢ˥ˬ
˦ˢ˥˧˘˥ ʠ ˞˦˭˧˔·˧ˬ ˜ ˞ˢ˟ˢ˥ˬ ˍ˔˕˔˪˞˔ ˦˞·˔˗˔ ˦˜ͩ ˭ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘˝
ˀ˘˟˜˦˦˔ʙʷˢ˨˚ ˣˢ˗˦˧˔˪ˬʟ ˞˟ˢ˖˞ͅ˪ ˪ ʨ ˞ˢ˟ˢ˥˔˖˛ ˢ˥˔˭
ˣ˔˟˜˞ͅ˪ ˪ ˥ͅκˡˬ˖˛ ˜˟ˢΝ˖˜˔˖˛ʡ
ˊ˦ˣ˔ˡ˜˔·˔ ˨˞·˔˗˔ˡ˞˔ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˔
˨ˠˢκ˟˜˪˜˔ ˭˔˕˔˪ͩ ˜ ˡ˔˨˞ͩ ˡ˔ ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʨʪʟʬʬ ˭·
˪˜˘˟˘ ˦ˣˢ˦ͅ˕ʡ

ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʩʫʟʣʣ ˭·



ʾ˟ˢ˖˞˜ ʼˡ˖˔˦˧˥ˢ

ˆ˞˥˭ˬˡ˞˔ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˥˧ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˔ ˢ˕˥˔˭˞ͅ˪ʟ ʾ˟ˢ˖˞˜ Ν˪˜˘˧ˡ˜˘ ˪ˣ·ˬ˪˔˝͗ ˡ˔ ˥ˢ˭˪ͅ˝
ˆˠ˔˟˟ ʹˢˢ˧ ˗˭˜˘˖˞˔ ˪ ˞˔κ˗ˬˠ ˪˜˘˞˨ʡ ˃ˢ˕˨˗˭˔˝͗
˪ˬˢ˕˥˔θˡ˜ͩʟ ˧˔˞κ˘ ˧ͩ ˣ˥˭˘˦˧˥˭˘ˡˡ͗ʟ
ʷˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔·˔ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˔ ˦ˣ˥˭ˬ˝˔˝͗˖˔
˥ˢ˭˪˜˝˔˝͗ ˨ˠ˜˘˝ͩ˧ˡˢΝ͙ ˖˛˪ˬ˧˔ˡ˜˔
˥ˢ˭˪ˢ˝ˢ˪˜ ˨ˠ˜˘˝ͩ˧ˡˢΝ˖˜
ˣ˥˭˘˗ˠ˜ˢ˧ͅ˪ ˜ ˖˜˘˥ˣ˟˜˪˘˚ˢ ˨˞·˔˗˔ˡ˜˔
˦ˢ˥˧ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˔ ˣ˥˭˘˗ˠ˜ˢ˧ͅ˪ʔ
˜˖˛ ˪ ˢ˗ˣˢ˪˜˘˗ˡ˜˘˝ ˞ˢ˟˘˝ˡˢΝ˖˜ʡ
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʬʬʟʣʣ ˭·






ˇˈ ˀʴˀ˂ ʠ ˪˪˪ʡ˧˨ʠˠ˔ˠˢʡˣ˟ʟ ˦˞˟˘ˣʳ˧˨ʠˠ˔ˠˢʡˣ˟ʟˇ˘˟ʡʭ ʩʬʦʠʨʦʦʠʫʣʦ ˃˥˭ˬ ˭˔ˠͅ˪˜˘ˡ˜˔˖˛ ˣˢ˪ˬκ˘˝ ʥʨʣ˭· ˣ˥˭˘˦ˬ·˞˔ ʺ˅ʴˇʼˆʔ

ˆ˞˥˭ˬˡ˞˔ ˆˬ˟˔˕ˢ˪˔

˃˥˭˘˗˦˧˔˪˜˔ˠˬ ˣˢˠˢ˖
˘˗˨˞˔˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˔ ˭ ˣ˘˪ˡˢΝ˖˜͗
ˆ˞˟˘ˣ ˇ˨ʠˠ˔ˠˢ ˝˘˦˧ ˣ˥˭ˬ˦˧˔ˡ˞˜˘ˠ ˗˟˔ ˢ˦ͅ˕ ˣˢ˦˭˨˞˨˝͗˖ˬ˖˛ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ ˖˜˘˞˔˪ˬ˖˛ʟ ˨·˔˧˪˜ ˡ˔˨˞ͩ ˖˭ˬ˧˔ˡ˜˔ ˠ˘˧ˢ˗͗
˞˥˘˔˧ˬ˪ˡˬ˖˛ ˜ ˕˘˭ˣ˜˘˖˭ˡˬ˖˛ʡ ˊ ˢˣ˔˥˖˜˨ ˢ ˪·˔˦ˡ˘ ˗ˢΝ˪˜˔˗˖˭˘ˡ˜˔ ˥ˢ˗˭˜˖˔ ˡ˔ ˣ˘·ˡˬ ˘˧˔˧ʟ ˦ˬ˟˔˕ˢ˪͗ʡ
˦˧˪ˢ˥˭ˬ·˔ˠ ˞ˢˠˣˢ˭ˬ˖˝ͩ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ͅ˪ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˘ ˡ˜˘ ˧ˬ˟˞ˢ ˪ˬ˪ˢ·˨˝͗ ˨Νˠ˜˘˖˛ ˡ˔ ˧˪˔˥˭ˬʟ ˟˘˖˭
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʥʤʨʟʣʣ ˭·
˧˔˞κ˘ ˨ˠˢκ˟˜˪˜˔˝͗ ˭˗ˢ˕ˬ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˡˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˨ˠ˜˘˝ͩ˧ˡˢΝ˖˜ ˞˔κ˗˘˚ˢ ˗ˡ˜˔ʡ
ˊ ˗˭˜˦˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˖˭˔˦˔˖˛ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘ ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚˜˘ ˔˕˦ˢ˥˕˨˝͗ ˭˕ˬ˧ ˪˜˘˟˘ ˨˪˔˚˜ ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˣˢ˖˜˘˖˛ʡ ˗˭˜˦˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˖˭˔˦˔˖˛ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘ ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚˜˘ ˔˕˦ˢ˥˕˨˝͗ ˭˕ˬ˧ ˪˜˘˟˘ ˨˪˔˚˜ ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˣˢ˖˜˘˖˛ʡ ˍ˘˦˧˔˪ ˈ˭˨ˣ˘·ˡ˜˔˝͗˖ˬ
ˊ
ˁ˔˗ˠ˜˔˥ ˕ˢ˗θ˖ͅ˪ ˭˔˕˨˥˭˔ ˡ˔˧˨˥˔˟ˡˬ ˣ˥ˢ˖˘˦ ˜˖˛ ˥ˢ˭˪ˢ˝˨ʡ ʽ˔˞ˢ ˥ˢ˗˭˜˖ ˪˜˘ˠʟ κ˘ ˡ˜˘ ˝˘˦˧
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʫʬʟʣʣ ˭·
·˔˧˪ˢ ˖˔·˞ˢ˪˜˖˜˘ ˪ˬ˞˟˨˖˭ˬ͙ ˧˘˟˘˪˜˭ˢ˥ ˖˭ˬ ˧˔˕˟˘˧ ˭ κˬ˖˜˔ ˗˭˜˘˖˞˔ʡ ˁ˔ ˦˭˖˭ͩΝ˖˜˘ ˜˦˧ˡ˜˘˝˘ ˧˔˞κ˘
˖˔·ˬ ˪˔˖˛˟˔˥˭ ˖˨˗ˢ˪ˡˬ˖˛ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ ˜ ˚˜˘˥ ˘˗˨˞˔˖ˬ˝ˡˬ˖˛ʟ ˗˭˜ͩ˞˜ ˞˧ͅ˥ˬˠ ˦˧˔˝˘ ˦˜ͩ ˧ˢ ˣ˥ˢ˦˧˦˭˘ʡ
ˍ˔ˣ˥˔˦˭˔ˠ ˪˜ͩ˖ ˗ˢ ˠ˜˘˝˦˖˔ʟ ˚˗˭˜˘ ˭ˡ˔˟˘θ͙ ˠˢκˡ˔ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˣˢ˕˨˗˭˔˝͗˖˘ ˪ˬˢ˕˥˔θˡ˜ͩ
˜ ˞˥˘˔˧ˬ˪ˡˢΝ͙ ˗˭˜˘˖˞˔ʟ ˗ˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔˟͗˖˘ ˞ˢˢ˥˗ˬˡ˔˖˝ͩ ˪˭˥ˢ˞ˢ˪ˢʠ˥˨˖˛ˢ˪͗ʟ ˭˗ˢ˟ˡˢΝ˖˜
ˠ˔ˡ˨˔˟ˡ˘ʟ ˢ˥˔˭ ˦˭˘˥˘˚ ˜ˡˡˬ˖˛ ˨ˠ˜˘˝ͩ˧ˡˢΝ˖˜ ˡ˜˘˭˕ͩ˗ˡˬ˖˛ ˡ˔ ˞˔κ˗ˬˠ ˘˧˔ˣ˜˘ ˥ˢ˭˪ˢ˝˨ʡ



ˈ˞·˔˗˔ˡ˞˔ ʠ ʺ͗˦˜˘ˡ˜˖˔ʟ

ʶ˟˔˦˦˜˖ ˊˢ˥˟˗
ˈ˞·˔˗˔ˡ˞˔ ʕʷˢˣ˔˦˨˝ ˢ˕˥˔˭˘˞ʕ ʠ
ʺ͗˦˜˘ˡ˜˖˔ ˧ˢ ˨˞·˔˗˔ˡ˞˔ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˔
ʾ˥˘˖˜˞ʟ ʵ˜ˡˢ
ˠˢκ˘ ˕ˬ͙ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˭˔˕˔˪˞͗ ˝˔˞
ʷ˨κ˔ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˔ ˨˞·˔˗˔ˡ˞˔ ˜ ˪ˬ˝͗˧˞ˢ˪͗ ˣˢˠˢ˖͗ ˘˗˨˞˔˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ʡ
˭ ˦ˬˠˣ˔˧ˬ˖˭ˡˬˠ ˞˥˘˖˜˞˜˘ˠ ˜ ˝˘˚ˢ
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʨʪʟʬʬ ˭·
ˣ˥˭ˬ˝˔˖˜ͅ·ˠ˜ʔ

ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʧʦʟʣʣ ˭·




ˆˢ˥˧˘˥ ʠ ˞˦˭˧˔·˧ˬ ˜ ˞ˢ˟ˢ˥ˬ
˦ˢ˥˧˘˥ ʠ ˞˦˭˧˔·˧ˬ ˜ ˞ˢ˟ˢ˥ˬ ˍ˔˕˔˪˞˔ ˦˞·˔˗˔ ˦˜ͩ ˭ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˜˔ˡ˘˝
ˀ˘˟˜˦˦˔ʙʷˢ˨˚ ˣˢ˗˦˧˔˪ˬʟ ˞˟ˢ˖˞ͅ˪ ˪ ʨ ˞ˢ˟ˢ˥˔˖˛ ˢ˥˔˭
ˣ˔˟˜˞ͅ˪ ˪ ˥ͅκˡˬ˖˛ ˜˟ˢΝ˖˜˔˖˛ʡ
ˊ˦ˣ˔ˡ˜˔·˔ ˨˞·˔˗˔ˡ˞˔ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˔
˨ˠˢκ˟˜˪˜˔ ˭˔˕˔˪ͩ ˜ ˡ˔˨˞ͩ ˡ˔ ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʨʪʟʬʬ ˭·
˪˜˘˟˘ ˦ˣˢ˦ͅ˕ʡ

ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʩʫʟʣʣ ˭·



ʾ˟ˢ˖˞˜ ʼˡ˖˔˦˧˥ˢ

ˆ˞˥˭ˬˡ˞˔ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˥˧ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˔ ˢ˕˥˔˭˞ͅ˪ʟ ʾ˟ˢ˖˞˜ Ν˪˜˘˧ˡ˜˘ ˪ˣ·ˬ˪˔˝͗ ˡ˔ ˥ˢ˭˪ͅ˝
ˆˠ˔˟˟ ʹˢˢ˧ ˗˭˜˘˖˞˔ ˪ ˞˔κ˗ˬˠ ˪˜˘˞˨ʡ ˃ˢ˕˨˗˭˔˝͗
˪ˬˢ˕˥˔θˡ˜ͩʟ ˧˔˞κ˘ ˧ͩ ˣ˥˭˘˦˧˥˭˘ˡˡ͗ʟ
ʷˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔·˔ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˔ ˦ˣ˥˭ˬ˝˔˝͗˖˔
˥ˢ˭˪˜˝˔˝͗ ˨ˠ˜˘˝ͩ˧ˡˢΝ͙ ˖˛˪ˬ˧˔ˡ˜˔
˥ˢ˭˪ˢ˝ˢ˪˜ ˨ˠ˜˘˝ͩ˧ˡˢΝ˖˜
ˣ˥˭˘˗ˠ˜ˢ˧ͅ˪ ˜ ˖˜˘˥ˣ˟˜˪˘˚ˢ ˨˞·˔˗˔ˡ˜˔
˦ˢ˥˧ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˔ ˣ˥˭˘˗ˠ˜ˢ˧ͅ˪ʔ
˜˖˛ ˪ ˢ˗ˣˢ˪˜˘˗ˡ˜˘˝ ˞ˢ˟˘˝ˡˢΝ˖˜ʡ
ʶ˘ˡ˔ʭ ʬʬʟʣʣ ˭·






ˇˈ ˀʴˀ˂ ʠ ˪˪˪ʡ˧˨ʠˠ˔ˠˢʡˣ˟ʟ ˦˞˟˘ˣʳ˧˨ʠˠ˔ˠˢʡˣ˟ʟˇ˘˟ʡʭ ʩʬʦʠʨʦʦʠʫʣʦ ˃˥˭ˬ ˭˔ˠͅ˪˜˘ˡ˜˔˖˛ ˣˢ˪ˬκ˘˝ ʥʨʣ˭· ˣ˥˭˘˦ˬ·˞˔ ʺ˅ʴˇʼˆʔ

=Ýà’ĒĹõîàËî“Ĺ’ĻŇĒËÝö












ʹ˜˥ˠ˔ ˇˈ˃ʼʾ˂ ˣˢ˪˦˧˔·˔ʟ ˔˕ˬ ˗˔˪˔͙ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ˢˠ ˧ˢ ˖ˢ ˡ˔˝˟˘ˣ˦˭˘ ʠ ˢ˚˥ˢˠˡ͗ ˥˔˗ˢΝ͙ ˭ ˭˔˕˔˪ˬʡ

ʽ˘˦˧˘Νˠˬ ˙˜˥ˠ͗ Ϣ˖ͅ˥˞͗ϡ ˢ˥˔˭ ˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡˬˠ ˗ˬ˦˧˥ˬ˕˨˧ˢ˥˘ˠ ˭ˡ˔ˡ˘˝ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˕˥˔ˡκˢ˪ˬˠ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘˝ Ϣˍʴʵʴˊʾʴ˅ˆˇˊ˂ ˊˢ˝˖˜˘˖˛
ʵ͗˖˭˘˞ϡʡ ˊ˦ˣͅ·ˣ˥˔˖˨˝˘ˠˬ ˭ ˪·ˢ˦˞˜ˠ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˧˘ˠ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ Ϣʴʷ˅ʼʴˇʼʶϡ ˢ˥˔˭ ˖˭˘˦˞͗ ˙˜˥ˠ͗ Ϣʸʹʾ˂ϡ ˡ˔ ˞˧ͅ˥ˬ˖˛ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ˬ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔ˠˬ
˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡˢΝ͙ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˣˢ˟˦˞˜ˠʡ ˁ˔˦˜ ˗ˢ˦˧˔˪˖ˬ ˧ˢ ˥˘ˡˢˠˢ˪˔ˡ˜ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˖˜ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˭ˬ ˭ ˣ˘˪ˡˢΝ˖˜͗ ˗ˢ˦˧˔˥˖˭͗ ˡ˔˦˭ˬˠ ˞˟˜˘ˡ˧ˢˠ ˦˔˧ˬ˦˙˔˞˖˝˜
˭ ˭˔˞˨ˣ˨ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ʡ
ˁ˔˦˭˘ ˢ˕˜˘ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˦˞˨ˣ˜˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˖˜͗˚·ˬˠ ˗ˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔˟˘ˡ˜˨ ˦˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ͅ˪ʡ ʶ˜͗˚·˘ ˔ˡ˔˟˜˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˢ˖˭˘˞˜˪˔Ή ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˝˪˔κˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˔˦˭˘ ˢ˕˜˘ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˦˞˨ˣ˜˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˖˜͗˚·ˬˠ ˗ˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔˟˘ˡ˜˨ ˦˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ͅ˪ʡ ʶ˜͗˚·˘ ˔ˡ˔˟˜˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˢ˖˭˘˞˜˪˔Ή ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˝˪˔κˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛
ˁ
˞˟˜˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ ʠ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ʠ ˣ˥ˢ˪˔˗˭˜ ˗ˢ ˡ˜˘˨˦˧˔ˡˡ˘˚ˢ ˨˟˘ˣ˦˭˔ˡ˜˔ ˜ ˣˢ˦˭˘˥˭˔ˡ˜˔ ˔˦ˢ˥˧ˬˠ˘ˡ˧˨ʡ ʷ˭˜ͩ˞˜ ˭˔˦˧ˢ˦ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˨ ˭˔˨˧ˢˠ˔˧ˬ˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˘˝ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖˝˜
ˡ˔˦˭˘ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˖˛˔˥˔˞˧˘˥ˬ˭˨˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞͗ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜͗ʟ ˭˔˖˛ˢ˪˨˝͗˖ ˣ˥˭ˬ ˧ˬˠ ˔˧˥˔˞˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ ˜ ˞ˢˡ˞˨˥˘ˡ˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ ˖˘ˡͩʡ
˃ˢ˦˜˔˗˔ˠˬ ˦˭˘˥ˢ˞˜ ˔˦ˢ˥˧ˬˠ˘ˡ˧ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ ˭ ˣ˟˔˦˧˜˞˨ ˜ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˔ ϛ ˢ˙˘˥˨˝˘ˠˬ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˡ˔ ˦˘˭ˢˡ ˟˘˧ˡ˜ ˝˔˞
˜ ˭˜ˠˢ˪ˬʡ ˍ˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˧˪ˢ˥˭ˢˡ˘ ˦͗ ˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡ˜˘ ˪ ˢˣ˔˥˖˜˨ ˢ ˔˧˘˦˧ˢ˪˔ˡ˘ ˦˨˥ˢ˪˖˘ ˗ˢˣ˨˦˭˖˭ˢˡ˘ ˗ˢ ˞ˢˡ˧˔˞˧˨ ˭ ˗˭˜˘͙ˠ˜ʡ

ʺ˪˔˥˔ˡ˧˨˝˘ˠˬ ˨Νˠ˜˘˖˛ʟ ˕˘˭˧˥ˢ˦˞͗ ˭˔˕˔˪ͩ ˢ˥˔˭ ˕˘˭ˣ˜˘˖˭˘Ή˦˧˪ˢ ˇ˪ˢ˝˘˝ ˣˢ˖˜˘˖˛ˬʔ

=Ýà’ĒĹõîàËî“Ĺ’ĻŇĒËÝö












ʹ˜˥ˠ˔ ˇˈ˃ʼʾ˂ ˣˢ˪˦˧˔·˔ʟ ˔˕ˬ ˗˔˪˔͙ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ˢˠ ˧ˢ ˖ˢ ˡ˔˝˟˘ˣ˦˭˘ ʠ ˢ˚˥ˢˠˡ͗ ˥˔˗ˢΝ͙ ˭ ˭˔˕˔˪ˬʡ

ʽ˘˦˧˘Νˠˬ ˙˜˥ˠ͗ Ϣ˖ͅ˥˞͗ϡ ˢ˥˔˭ ˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡˬˠ ˗ˬ˦˧˥ˬ˕˨˧ˢ˥˘ˠ ˭ˡ˔ˡ˘˝ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˕˥˔ˡκˢ˪ˬˠ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘˝ Ϣˍʴʵʴˊʾʴ˅ˆˇˊ˂ ˊˢ˝˖˜˘˖˛
ʵ͗˖˭˘˞ϡʡ ˊ˦ˣͅ·ˣ˥˔˖˨˝˘ˠˬ ˭ ˪·ˢ˦˞˜ˠ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˧˘ˠ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ Ϣʴʷ˅ʼʴˇʼʶϡ ˢ˥˔˭ ˖˭˘˦˞͗ ˙˜˥ˠ͗ Ϣʸʹʾ˂ϡ ˡ˔ ˞˧ͅ˥ˬ˖˛ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ˬ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔ˠˬ
˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡˢΝ͙ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˣˢ˟˦˞˜ˠʡ ˁ˔˦˜ ˗ˢ˦˧˔˪˖ˬ ˧ˢ ˥˘ˡˢˠˢ˪˔ˡ˜ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˖˜ʟ ˞˧ͅ˥˭ˬ ˭ ˣ˘˪ˡˢΝ˖˜͗ ˗ˢ˦˧˔˥˖˭͗ ˡ˔˦˭ˬˠ ˞˟˜˘ˡ˧ˢˠ ˦˔˧ˬ˦˙˔˞˖˝˜
˭ ˭˔˞˨ˣ˨ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ʡ
ˁ˔˦˭˘ ˢ˕˜˘ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˦˞˨ˣ˜˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˖˜͗˚·ˬˠ ˗ˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔˟˘ˡ˜˨ ˦˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ͅ˪ʡ ʶ˜͗˚·˘ ˔ˡ˔˟˜˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˢ˖˭˘˞˜˪˔Ή ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˝˪˔κˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˔˦˭˘ ˢ˕˜˘ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˦˞˨ˣ˜˔˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˖˜͗˚·ˬˠ ˗ˢ˦˞ˢˡ˔˟˘ˡ˜˨ ˦˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˧ͅ˪ʡ ʶ˜͗˚·˘ ˔ˡ˔˟˜˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˢ˖˭˘˞˜˪˔Ή ˡ˔˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˝˪˔κˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ˖˛
ˁ
˞˟˜˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ ʠ ˗˭˜˘˖˜ ʠ ˣ˥ˢ˪˔˗˭˜ ˗ˢ ˡ˜˘˨˦˧˔ˡˡ˘˚ˢ ˨˟˘ˣ˦˭˔ˡ˜˔ ˜ ˣˢ˦˭˘˥˭˔ˡ˜˔ ˔˦ˢ˥˧ˬˠ˘ˡ˧˨ʡ ʷ˭˜ͩ˞˜ ˭˔˦˧ˢ˦ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˨ ˭˔˨˧ˢˠ˔˧ˬ˭ˢ˪˔ˡ˘˝ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖˝˜
ˡ˔˦˭˘ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˖˛˔˥˔˞˧˘˥ˬ˭˨˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞͗ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜͗ʟ ˭˔˖˛ˢ˪˨˝͗˖ ˣ˥˭ˬ ˧ˬˠ ˔˧˥˔˞˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ ˜ ˞ˢˡ˞˨˥˘ˡ˖ˬ˝ˡ͗ ˖˘ˡͩʡ
˃ˢ˦˜˔˗˔ˠˬ ˦˭˘˥ˢ˞˜ ˔˦ˢ˥˧ˬˠ˘ˡ˧ ˭˔˕˔˪˘˞ ˭ ˣ˟˔˦˧˜˞˨ ˜ ˗˥˘˪ˡ˔ ϛ ˢ˙˘˥˨˝˘ˠˬ ˭˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˡ˔ ˦˘˭ˢˡ ˟˘˧ˡ˜ ˝˔˞
˜ ˭˜ˠˢ˪ˬʡ ˍ˔˕˔˪˞˜ ˧˪ˢ˥˭ˢˡ˘ ˦͗ ˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡ˜˘ ˪ ˢˣ˔˥˖˜˨ ˢ ˔˧˘˦˧ˢ˪˔ˡ˘ ˦˨˥ˢ˪˖˘ ˗ˢˣ˨˦˭˖˭ˢˡ˘ ˗ˢ ˞ˢˡ˧˔˞˧˨ ˭ ˗˭˜˘͙ˠ˜ʡ

ʺ˪˔˥˔ˡ˧˨˝˘ˠˬ ˨Νˠ˜˘˖˛ʟ ˕˘˭˧˥ˢ˦˞͗ ˭˔˕˔˪ͩ ˢ˥˔˭ ˕˘˭ˣ˜˘˖˭˘Ή˦˧˪ˢ ˇ˪ˢ˝˘˝ ˣˢ˖˜˘˖˛ˬʔ

đđđȩ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȩñÝ





























BÑÄôđ÷Ė° ÷â°ôü



üô°âñçÝÑã° ã° øđÑļÑÄȦ

















Hâ°ôü üô°âñçÝÑã° ɓ đ÷ñ°ãÑ°á° Ė°»°đ° Ñ Îđ°ô°ãüçđ°ãÄ »ÄĖñÑļĖÄä÷üđçȮ


4çđ°üçô÷ÜÑÄ ôçĖđÑ·Ė°ãÑ° Ñ »ÄĖñÑļĖãÄ ÷Ü°Ü°ãÑÄȮ


]°âÑ°÷ü ÷ñôÌęēã ñôÌüē Ė đáèÜã° ÷ĖÜÝ°ãÄÎç þâÑÄ÷Ė¼ĖçãÄ ÷· ñçÀ â°ü· Ñ ã°À
ô°â·Ȥ ñçĖ° Ė°÷ÑÌÎÑÄâ ÷Ü°¼Ė·¼ÄÛ ç÷ç»ēȩ E°â° ñôĖÄãÑÄ÷Ñçã° đ ü°ÜÑÄ âÑÄÛ÷¼ÄȤ
»ē ãÑÄ »ēá âçĖÝÑđē Üçãü°Üü Ė ãÑ· ñçÀ¼Ė°÷ ÷Ü°Ü°ãÑ°ȩ 3ÑÌÜÜ° Üô°đÌÀė â°üē
°»÷çô»þÛ·¼° ÄãÄôÎÑÌ Ñ °âçôüēĖþÛ·¼° þÀÄôĖÄãÑ°ȩ BçüđÑÄôÀĖçãçȤ ęÄ ÛÄ÷ü °ę Ʒƴ
ÜôçüãÑÄ ÷ÜþüļĖãÑÄÛ÷Ė° đ á°ÎçÀĖÄãÑþ þÀÄôĖÄãÑ°ȩ BçüđÑÄôÀĖçãçȤ ęÄ ÛÄ÷ü °ę Ʒƴ

ÜôçüãÑÄ ÷ÜþüļĖãÑÄÛ÷Ė° đ á°ÎçÀĖÄãÑþ þÀÄôĖÄä ãÑę Üô°đÌÀė â°üē üô°Àē¼ēÛãÄÛȩ
Ý°÷üē¼Ėã° ÷Ñ°üÜ° çü°¼Ė°Û·¼° üô°âñçÝÑãÌ çÀ»ÑÛ°Û·¼° ÷Üç¼ĖÜ° Ė ñçđôçüÄâ ã°
â
â°°üÌ Ñ Ė°ñç»ÑÄΰ۷¼° þñ°ÀÜÑÄâ Ė üô°âñçÝÑãēȩ ]°âÑ°÷ü âÄü°Ýçđē¼Ð ÷áþñÜèđ
ñçÀüôĖēâþÛ·¼ē¼Ð ÷Ñ°üÜÌ Ė°÷üç÷çđ°ãç ÄÝ°÷üē¼ĖãÄ ñôÌüēȩ





HñôÑãÎÍôÄÄ ɓ B°ĐÄÝ Eþ÷ãçÜ ĖÑ°á ÷ñôĖÄÀ°ęēȨ
ç»ôļܰ ƶƻȤ ƸƷɎƸƴƴ ÑÄ÷ĖēãȤ ÑãÍçˀ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȩñÝ LÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƺƴƴ ƽƶƵ ƽƼƴȤ ÑãÍçˀ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȩñÝ đđđȮ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȮñÝ

đđđȩ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȩñÝ





























BÑÄôđ÷Ė° ÷â°ôü



üô°âñçÝÑã° ã° øđÑļÑÄȦ

















Hâ°ôü üô°âñçÝÑã° ɓ đ÷ñ°ãÑ°á° Ė°»°đ° Ñ Îđ°ô°ãüçđ°ãÄ »ÄĖñÑļĖÄä÷üđçȮ


4çđ°üçô÷ÜÑÄ ôçĖđÑ·Ė°ãÑ° Ñ »ÄĖñÑļĖãÄ ÷Ü°Ü°ãÑÄȮ


]°âÑ°÷ü ÷ñôÌęēã ñôÌüē Ė đáèÜã° ÷ĖÜÝ°ãÄÎç þâÑÄ÷Ė¼ĖçãÄ ÷· ñçÀ â°ü· Ñ ã°À
ô°â·Ȥ ñçĖ° Ė°÷ÑÌÎÑÄâ ÷Ü°¼Ė·¼ÄÛ ç÷ç»ēȩ E°â° ñôĖÄãÑÄ÷Ñçã° đ ü°ÜÑÄ âÑÄÛ÷¼ÄȤ
»ē ãÑÄ »ēá âçĖÝÑđē Üçãü°Üü Ė ãÑ· ñçÀ¼Ė°÷ ÷Ü°Ü°ãÑ°ȩ 3ÑÌÜÜ° Üô°đÌÀė â°üē
°»÷çô»þÛ·¼° ÄãÄôÎÑÌ Ñ °âçôüēĖþÛ·¼° þÀÄôĖÄãÑ°ȩ BçüđÑÄôÀĖçãçȤ ęÄ ÛÄ÷ü °ę Ʒƴ
ÜôçüãÑÄ ÷ÜþüļĖãÑÄÛ÷Ė° đ á°ÎçÀĖÄãÑþ þÀÄôĖÄãÑ°ȩ BçüđÑÄôÀĖçãçȤ ęÄ ÛÄ÷ü °ę Ʒƴ

ÜôçüãÑÄ ÷ÜþüļĖãÑÄÛ÷Ė° đ á°ÎçÀĖÄãÑþ þÀÄôĖÄä ãÑę Üô°đÌÀė â°üē üô°Àē¼ēÛãÄÛȩ
Ý°÷üē¼Ėã° ÷Ñ°üÜ° çü°¼Ė°Û·¼° üô°âñçÝÑãÌ çÀ»ÑÛ°Û·¼° ÷Üç¼ĖÜ° Ė ñçđôçüÄâ ã°
â°°üÌ Ñ Ė°ñç»ÑÄΰ۷¼° þñ°ÀÜÑÄâ Ė üô°âñçÝÑãēȩ ]°âÑ°÷ü âÄü°Ýçđē¼Ð ÷áþñÜèđ
â
ñçÀüôĖēâþÛ·¼ē¼Ð ÷Ñ°üÜÌ Ė°÷üç÷çđ°ãç ÄÝ°÷üē¼ĖãÄ ñôÌüēȩ





HñôÑãÎÍôÄÄ ɓ B°ĐÄÝ Eþ÷ãçÜ ĖÑ°á ÷ñôĖÄÀ°ęēȨ
ç»ôļܰ ƶƻȤ ƸƷɎƸƴƴ ÑÄ÷ĖēãȤ ÑãÍçˀ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȩñÝ LÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƺƴƴ ƽƶƵ ƽƼƴȤ ÑãÍçˀ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȩñÝ đđđȮ÷ñôÑãÎÍôÄÄȮñÝ

ʷ˟˔˖˭˘˚ˢ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˔ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠʲ ˍʷ˅˂ˊˌ ˁʴˊˌʾʟ

ʾˇ̥˅ˌ Άʴˇˊ˂
˃˂ˁʼʸˊʴι ˆ˂ʾʼ ˍ ˊˌʶʼˆʾʴ˅ʾʼ ʻˈ˅˂ˀ ˆ͖ ˁʴʽʿʸ˃ˆˍʸʔ
ˊ
ˊˢ˟ˡˢˢ˕˥ˢ˧ˢ˪˘ˢ˟ˡˢˢ˕˥ˢ˧ˢ˪˘ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˜ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˖˘˖˛˨˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔˝˪ˬκ˦˭͗ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜͗ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ˡ˜˔ʟ
ˢ˥˔˭ ˢ˙˘˥˨˝͗ ˡ˔˝˪˜ͩ˞˦˭͗ ˪ˬ˗˔˝ˡˢΝ͙ ˜ ˞˟˔˥ˢ˪ˡˢΝ͙ ˪ˬ˗ˢ˕ˬ˪˔ˡ˘˚ˢ ˦ˢ˞˨ ˦ˣˢΝ˥ͅ˗ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˖˛ ˈˇ˅ˍˌˀʴ͘
˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˘˞ ˪ˢ˟ˡˢˢ˕˥ˢ˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʟ ˗ˢ˦˧ͩˣˡˬ˖˛ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ʡ ˆˢ˞˜ ˭ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˘˞ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˞ˢ˥˭ˬ˦˧ˡ˜˘˝
˪ˣ·ˬ˪˔˝͗ ˡ˔ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˜˘ ˢ˥˔˭ ˪˜˧˔˟ˡˢΝ͙ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ʟ ˗˟˔˧˘˚ˢ ˧˔˞ ˪˜˘˟˨ ˟˘˞˔˥˭ˬ ˥˘˞ˢˠ˘ˡ˗˨˝˘
ʷˢ˪˜˘˗˭ ˦˜ͩ ˗˟˔˖˭˘˚ˢ ˦ˢ˞
ˣ˜˖˜˘ Ν˪˜˘κˬ˖˛ ˗ˢˠˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʛ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˡ˔ ˭˜ˠˡˢʜ ˝˔˞ˢ ˟˘˞˔˥˦˧˪ˢ ˡ˔ ˥ͅκˡ˘˚ˢ
˭ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˜ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˝˘˦˧
˥ˢ˗˭˔˝˨ ˖˛ˢ˥ˢ˕ˬʟ ˪ ˧ˬˠ ˡˢ˪ˢ˧˪ˢ˥ˬʡ ˗ˢ˕˥ˬ ˗˟˔ ˇ˪ˢ˝˘˚ˢ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ ˧˔˞
ʶ ˦˔ˠˢ ˝˔˞ ˗˟˔ ˇ˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˞˨˕˞ͅ˪
ʶˢ˗˭˜˘ˡˡ˘ˢ˗˭˜˘ˡˡ˘ ˦ˣˢκˬ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˣˢ˥˖˝˜ ˪˔˥˭ˬ˪ ˜ ˢ˪ˢ˖ͅ˪ ˝˘˦˧ ˢ˚˥ˢˠˡ˜˘ ˪˔κˡ˘ ˗˟˔ ˡ˔˦˭˘˚ˢ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˜˔ ˜
˗ˢ˕˥˘˚ˢ ˦˔ˠˢˣˢ˖˭˨˖˜˔ ˭˘ ˪˭˚˟ͩ˗˨ ˡ˔ ˭˔˪˔˥˧ˢΝ͙ ˪˜˧˔ˠ˜ˡʟ ˠ˜ˡ˘˥˔·ͅ˪ʟ ˘ˡ˭ˬˠͅ˪ʟ ˦ˠ˔˞ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʡ
˙˜˧ˢ˦˞·˔˗ˡ˜˞ͅ˪ ˢ˥˔˭ ˕·ˢˡˡ˜˞˔ ϛ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˘˚ˢʟ ˖ˢ ˝˘˦˧ ˡ˜˘˭˕ͩ˗ˡ˘ ˗ˢ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˘˚ˢ ˙˨ˡ˞˖˝ˢˡˢ˪˔ˡ˜˔
ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ ˔ ˧˔˞κ˘ ˢ˖˛˥ˢˡˬ ˣ˥˭˘˗ ˖˛ˢ˥ˢ˕˔ˠ˜ʡ
ˀ
ˀ˜ˡ˜˦˧˘˥˦˧˪ˢ˜ˡ˜˦˧˘˥˦˧˪ˢ ˍ˗˥ˢ˪˜˔ ˭˔˟˘˖˔ ˖ˢ˗˭˜˘ˡˡ˘ ˣ˜˖˜˘ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ˔˥˚˨ˠ˘ˡ˧˨˝͗˖ʟ κ˘ ˝˘˦˧ ˧ˢ
ˡ˔˝˘˙˘˞˧ˬ˪ˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ ˦ˣˢ˦ͅ˕ ˡ˔ ˣ˥˭ˬ˦˪˔˝˔ˡ˜˘ ˪˜˧˔ˠ˜ˡʟ ˘ˡ˭ˬˠͅ˪ ˜ ˠ˜ˡ˘˥˔·ͅ˪ ˭˔˪˔˥˧ˬ˖˛ ˪
ˢ˪ˢ˖˔˖˛ ˜ ˪˔˥˭ˬ˪˔˖˛ʡ ʵ˔˗˔ˡ˜˔ ˗ˢ˪ˢ˗˭͗ʟ κ˘ ˪ˬˣ˜˖˜˘ ˦ˢ˞˨ ˣˢ˗˪ˬκ˦˭˔ ˣˢ˭˜ˢˠ
ˣ˥˭ˬ˦˪˔˝˔˟ˡˢΝ˖˜ ˢ ʧ ˥˔˭ˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ˣ˥˭ˬ˦ˣ˜˘˦˭˔ ˖˭˔˦ ˧˥˔˪˜˘ˡ˜˔ʡ
ˇʻʸ ˂˅ʼʺʼˁʴʿ

ˆ˃˅ʴˊ ʴʵˌ ˆ˂ʾ ˃Άˌˁ͖Ά ˆ˪ˢ˥˭ˬ˟˜Νˠˬ ˣ˜˘˥˪˦˭͗ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞ͩ ˗ˢ
˂˗˖˛˨˗˭˔ˡ˜˘ʟ ˢ˖˭ˬ˦˭˖˭˔ˡ˜˘ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ ˟˨˕ ˣˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ʟ ˡ˔˦˧ͩˣˡ˜˘ ˗ˢˣ˥˔˖ˢ˪ˬ˪˔˟˜Νˠˬ ʽ͗
ˣ˥ˢ˦˧˨ ˗˨κ˔ ˦˭˞˟˔ˡ˞˔ ˣˬ˦˭ˡ˘˚ˢ ˦ˢ˞˨ʡ ˣ˥˭˘˭ ʧʣ ˟˔˧ʟ ˢ˦˜͗˚˔˝͗˖ ˦˭˖˭ˬ˧ ˠˢκ˟˜˪ˢΝ˖˜
ˁ˜˘˭˥ͅ˪ˡ˔ˡ˔ ˪˦˭˘˖˛˦˧˥ˢˡˡˢΝ͙ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˘˞ ˗ˢ ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚˜˖˭ˡ˘˝ʡ
˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˦ˣ˥˔˪˜˔ʟ κ˘ ˇ˪ˢ˝˔ ˭˔˖˛˖˜˔ˡ˞˔ ˝˘˦˧
˗˟˔ ˡ˔˦ ˥ˢ˭˞˔˭˘ˠʡ

ʼˁˆ˃ʼ˅ˈʽ ʼ ʵ͖ʷη ˍʴʼˁˆ˃ʼ˅˂ˊʴˁˌʔ

ˇ˪ͅ˝ ˭˗˥ˢ˪ˬ ˧˥ˬ˕ κˬ˖˜˔ ˠˢκ˘ ˕ˬ͙ ˜ˡ˦ˣ˜˥˔˖˝͗ ˓
ˊˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˜ ˦ˢ˞˨ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˡ˜˘
˗˟˔ ˜ˡˡˬ˖˛ʭ ˥ͅ˕ ˭˗˝ͩ˖˜˔ ˧˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˨˟˨˕˜ˢˡˬ˖˛
ˡ˜˦˭˖˭͗ Ν˖˜˔ˡ ˞ˢˠͅ˥˞ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʟ
˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ˜ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˦˞·˔˗ˡ˜˞ͅ˪ʟ ˗ˢ˗˔˝ ˧˔˚
ˣˢ˭ˢ˦˧˔˪˜˔˝͗˖ ˡ˔˧˨˥˔˟ˡˬ ˦ˠ˔˞ʟ
ʖʻˈ˅˂ˀ˃˂ʿˆʾʴ ˜ ˣˢ˗˭˜˘˟ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˜ˠ ˡ˔
˞ˢ˟ˢ˥ ˜ ˦˞·˔˗ˡ˜˞˜ ˢ˗κˬ˪˖˭˘
ʹ˔˖˘˕ˢˢ˞˨ʟ ˇ˪˜˧˧˘˥˭˘ ˟˨˕ ˡ˔ ʼˡ˦˧˔˚˥˔ˠ˜˘ʡ
˪ ˡ˜˘ˡ˔˥˨˦˭ˢˡˬˠ ˦˧˔ˡ˜˘ʡ
ʵ͗˗θ ˭˔˜ˡ˦ˣ˜˥ˢ˪˔ˡˬʡ





ˇ˘˟ʡʭ ʛʞʧʫʜ ʧʧ ʪʤʤ ʤʩ ʨʨ
˂˪˔˗ͅ˪ ʥʧʵ ˯ ʥʩʠʦʦʥ ˆ·˔˪ˡˢ










˪˪˪ʡ˛˨˥ˢˠʡˣ˟

˪˪˪ʡ˛˨˥ˢˠˣˢ˟˦˞˔ʡˣ˟


˜ˡ˙ˢʳ˛˨˥ˢˠˣˢ˟˦˞˔ʡˣ˟

ʷ˟˔˖˭˘˚ˢ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˔ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠʲ ˍʷ˅˂ˊˌ ˁʴˊˌʾʟ

ʾˇ̥˅ˌ Άʴˇˊ˂
˃˂ˁʼʸˊʴι ˆ˂ʾʼ ˍ ˊˌʶʼˆʾʴ˅ʾʼ ʻˈ˅˂ˀ ˆ͖ ˁʴʽʿʸ˃ˆˍʸʔ
ˊ
ˊˢ˟ˡˢˢ˕˥ˢ˧ˢ˪˘ˢ˟ˡˢˢ˕˥ˢ˧ˢ˪˘ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˜ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˖˘˖˛˨˝͗ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔˝˪ˬκ˦˭͗ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜͗ ˪ˬ˞ˢˡ˔ˡ˜˔ʟ
ˢ˥˔˭ ˢ˙˘˥˨˝͗ ˡ˔˝˪˜ͩ˞˦˭͗ ˪ˬ˗˔˝ˡˢΝ͙ ˜ ˞˟˔˥ˢ˪ˡˢΝ͙ ˪ˬ˗ˢ˕ˬ˪˔ˡ˘˚ˢ ˦ˢ˞˨ ˦ˣˢΝ˥ͅ˗ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˖˛ ˈˇ˅ˍˌˀʴ͘
˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˘˞ ˪ˢ˟ˡˢˢ˕˥ˢ˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʟ ˗ˢ˦˧ͩˣˡˬ˖˛ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ʡ ˆˢ˞˜ ˭ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˘˞ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˞ˢ˥˭ˬ˦˧ˡ˜˘˝
˪ˣ·ˬ˪˔˝͗ ˡ˔ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˜˘ ˢ˥˔˭ ˪˜˧˔˟ˡˢΝ͙ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ʟ ˗˟˔˧˘˚ˢ ˧˔˞ ˪˜˘˟˨ ˟˘˞˔˥˭ˬ ˥˘˞ˢˠ˘ˡ˗˨˝˘
ʷˢ˪˜˘˗˭ ˦˜ͩ ˗˟˔˖˭˘˚ˢ ˦ˢ˞
ˣ˜˖˜˘ Ν˪˜˘κˬ˖˛ ˗ˢˠˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʛ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˡ˔ ˭˜ˠˡˢʜ ˝˔˞ˢ ˟˘˞˔˥˦˧˪ˢ ˡ˔ ˥ͅκˡ˘˚ˢ
˭ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˜ ˗ˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˝˘˦˧
˥ˢ˗˭˔˝˨ ˖˛ˢ˥ˢ˕ˬʟ ˪ ˧ˬˠ ˡˢ˪ˢ˧˪ˢ˥ˬʡ ˗ˢ˕˥ˬ ˗˟˔ ˇ˪ˢ˝˘˚ˢ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ ˧˔˞
ʶ ˦˔ˠˢ ˝˔˞ ˗˟˔ ˇ˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˞˨˕˞ͅ˪
ʶˢ˗˭˜˘ˡˡ˘ˢ˗˭˜˘ˡˡ˘ ˦ˣˢκˬ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˣˢ˥˖˝˜ ˪˔˥˭ˬ˪ ˜ ˢ˪ˢ˖ͅ˪ ˝˘˦˧ ˢ˚˥ˢˠˡ˜˘ ˪˔κˡ˘ ˗˟˔ ˡ˔˦˭˘˚ˢ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˜˔ ˜
˗ˢ˕˥˘˚ˢ ˦˔ˠˢˣˢ˖˭˨˖˜˔ ˭˘ ˪˭˚˟ͩ˗˨ ˡ˔ ˭˔˪˔˥˧ˢΝ͙ ˪˜˧˔ˠ˜ˡʟ ˠ˜ˡ˘˥˔·ͅ˪ʟ ˘ˡ˭ˬˠͅ˪ʟ ˦ˠ˔˞ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʡ
˙˜˧ˢ˦˞·˔˗ˡ˜˞ͅ˪ ˢ˥˔˭ ˕·ˢˡˡ˜˞˔ ϛ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜˘˚ˢʟ ˖ˢ ˝˘˦˧ ˡ˜˘˭˕ͩ˗ˡ˘ ˗ˢ ˭˗˥ˢ˪˘˚ˢ ˙˨ˡ˞˖˝ˢˡˢ˪˔ˡ˜˔
ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ ˔ ˧˔˞κ˘ ˢ˖˛˥ˢˡˬ ˣ˥˭˘˗ ˖˛ˢ˥ˢ˕˔ˠ˜ʡ
ˀ
ˀ˜ˡ˜˦˧˘˥˦˧˪ˢ˜ˡ˜˦˧˘˥˦˧˪ˢ ˍ˗˥ˢ˪˜˔ ˭˔˟˘˖˔ ˖ˢ˗˭˜˘ˡˡ˘ ˣ˜˖˜˘ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ˔˥˚˨ˠ˘ˡ˧˨˝͗˖ʟ κ˘ ˝˘˦˧ ˧ˢ
ˡ˔˝˘˙˘˞˧ˬ˪ˡ˜˘˝˦˭ˬ ˦ˣˢ˦ͅ˕ ˡ˔ ˣ˥˭ˬ˦˪˔˝˔ˡ˜˘ ˪˜˧˔ˠ˜ˡʟ ˘ˡ˭ˬˠͅ˪ ˜ ˠ˜ˡ˘˥˔·ͅ˪ ˭˔˪˔˥˧ˬ˖˛ ˪
ˢ˪ˢ˖˔˖˛ ˜ ˪˔˥˭ˬ˪˔˖˛ʡ ʵ˔˗˔ˡ˜˔ ˗ˢ˪ˢ˗˭͗ʟ κ˘ ˪ˬˣ˜˖˜˘ ˦ˢ˞˨ ˣˢ˗˪ˬκ˦˭˔ ˣˢ˭˜ˢˠ
ˣ˥˭ˬ˦˪˔˝˔˟ˡˢΝ˖˜ ˢ ʧ ˥˔˭ˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ˣ˥˭ˬ˦ˣ˜˘˦˭˔ ˖˭˔˦ ˧˥˔˪˜˘ˡ˜˔ʡ
ˇʻʸ ˂˅ʼʺʼˁʴʿ

ˆ˃˅ʴˊ ʴʵˌ ˆ˂ʾ ˃Άˌˁ͖Ά ˆ˪ˢ˥˭ˬ˟˜Νˠˬ ˣ˜˘˥˪˦˭͗ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞ͩ ˗ˢ
˂˗˖˛˨˗˭˔ˡ˜˘ʟ ˢ˖˭ˬ˦˭˖˭˔ˡ˜˘ ˢ˥˚˔ˡ˜˭ˠ˨ ˟˨˕ ˣˢ ˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ʟ ˡ˔˦˧ͩˣˡ˜˘ ˗ˢˣ˥˔˖ˢ˪ˬ˪˔˟˜Νˠˬ ʽ͗
ˣ˥ˢ˦˧˨ ˗˨κ˔ ˦˭˞˟˔ˡ˞˔ ˣˬ˦˭ˡ˘˚ˢ ˦ˢ˞˨ʡ ˣ˥˭˘˭ ʧʣ ˟˔˧ʟ ˢ˦˜͗˚˔˝͗˖ ˦˭˖˭ˬ˧ ˠˢκ˟˜˪ˢΝ˖˜
ˁ˜˘˭˥ͅ˪ˡ˔ˡ˔ ˪˦˭˘˖˛˦˧˥ˢˡˡˢΝ͙ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˘˞ ˗ˢ ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚˜˖˭ˡ˘˝ʡ
˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˦ˣ˥˔˪˜˔ʟ κ˘ ˇ˪ˢ˝˔ ˭˔˖˛˖˜˔ˡ˞˔ ˝˘˦˧
˗˟˔ ˡ˔˦ ˥ˢ˭˞˔˭˘ˠʡ

ʼˁˆ˃ʼ˅ˈʽ ʼ ʵ͖ʷη ˍʴʼˁˆ˃ʼ˅˂ˊʴˁˌʔ

ˇ˪ͅ˝ ˭˗˥ˢ˪ˬ ˧˥ˬ˕ κˬ˖˜˔ ˠˢκ˘ ˕ˬ͙ ˜ˡ˦ˣ˜˥˔˖˝͗ ˓
ˊˬ˖˜˦˞˔˥˞˜ ˦ˢ˞˨ ʻ˨˥ˢˠ ˡ˜˘
˗˟˔ ˜ˡˡˬ˖˛ʭ ˥ͅ˕ ˭˗˝ͩ˖˜˔ ˧˪ˢ˜˖˛ ˨˟˨˕˜ˢˡˬ˖˛
ˡ˜˦˭˖˭͗ Ν˖˜˔ˡ ˞ˢˠͅ˥˞ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ʟ
˦ˢ˞ͅ˪ ˜ ˪ˬ˖˜˦˞˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˦˞·˔˗ˡ˜˞ͅ˪ʟ ˗ˢ˗˔˝ ˧˔˚
ˣˢ˭ˢ˦˧˔˪˜˔˝͗˖ ˡ˔˧˨˥˔˟ˡˬ ˦ˠ˔˞ʟ
ʖʻˈ˅˂ˀ˃˂ʿˆʾʴ ˜ ˣˢ˗˭˜˘˟ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˜ˠ ˡ˔
˞ˢ˟ˢ˥ ˜ ˦˞·˔˗ˡ˜˞˜ ˢ˗κˬ˪˖˭˘
ʹ˔˖˘˕ˢˢ˞˨ʟ ˇ˪˜˧˧˘˥˭˘ ˟˨˕ ˡ˔ ʼˡ˦˧˔˚˥˔ˠ˜˘ʡ
˪ ˡ˜˘ˡ˔˥˨˦˭ˢˡˬˠ ˦˧˔ˡ˜˘ʡ
ʵ͗˗θ ˭˔˜ˡ˦ˣ˜˥ˢ˪˔ˡˬʡ





ˇ˘˟ʡʭ ʛʞʧʫʜ ʧʧ ʪʤʤ ʤʩ ʨʨ
˂˪˔˗ͅ˪ ʥʧʵ ˯ ʥʩʠʦʦʥ ˆ·˔˪ˡˢ










˪˪˪ʡ˛˨˥ˢˠʡˣ˟

˪˪˪ʡ˛˨˥ˢˠˣˢ˟˦˞˔ʡˣ˟


˜ˡ˙ˢʳ˛˨˥ˢˠˣˢ˟˦˞˔ʡˣ˟

ĬÜŵÜ
Ř đĥ Ň
ĢĬò


ĬŔŵ
Ň
Ü Ř












ʹ˜˥ˠ˔ Ϣʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡ ʺ˥˔ˠˢ˪˦˖ˬ ˆˣʡʽʡ ˭ ˦˜˘˗˭˜˕͗ ˪ ʵ˨˞ˢ˪˖˨ ˪ˢ˝ʡ ˪˜˘˟˞ˢˣˢ˟˦˞˜˘
ˣˢ˪˦˧˔·˔ ˪ ʤʬʬʦ˥ʡ ʺˢ˦ˣˢ˗˔˥˨˝˘ ˡ˔ ʫʩʣ ˛˔ ˜ ˭˔˝ˠ˨˝ͩ ˦˜ͩ ˗˭˜˔·˔˟ˡˢΝ˖˜͗ ˪ ˭˔˞˥˘˦˜˘
ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖˝˜ ˥ˢΝ˟˜ˡˡ˘˝ ˜ ˭˪˜˘˥˭ͩ˖˘˝ʟ ˪ ˧ˬˠ ˛ˢ˗ˢ˪˟͗ ˞ͅ˭ʠ ˦˧˔˗ˢ ˣˢ˗˦˧˔˪ˢ˪˘ ˪ˬˡˢ˦˜
ˢ˕˘˖ˡ˜˘ ʥʣʣʣ ˦˭˧˨˞ʡ ˆˣͅ·˞˔ ˭˔˝ˠ˨˝˘ ˦˜ͩ ˦˞˨ˣ˘ˠ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢʟ ˝˘˚ˢ ˣ˥˭˘˧˪ͅ˥˦˧˪˘ˠ
˜ ˗ˬ˦˧˥ˬ˕˨˖˝͗ ˚ˢ˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ͅ˪ ˪ ˃ˢ˟˦˖˘ ˜ ˭˔ ˚˥˔ˡ˜˖͗ʡ ˊ ˖˭˘˥˪˖˨ ʥʣʣʩ ˣ˥˭ˬ
ˣˢˠˢ˖ˬ ˙˜ˡ˔ˡ˦ˢ˪˘˝ ˭ ˣ˥ˢ˚˥˔ˠ˨ ˆʴ˃ʴ˅ʷ ˭ˢ˦˧˔· ˢ˗˗˔ˡˬ ˗ˢ ˨κˬ˧˞˨ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡˬ
˭˔˞·˔˗ ˠ˟˘˖˭˔˥˦˞˜ʡ

Ϣ
Ϣʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡ ˝˘˦˧ ˝˘˗ˬˡˬˠ ˭˔˞·˔˗˘ˠ ˪ ˃ˢ˟˦˖˘ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˨˝͗˖ˬˠ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ˬ ˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡ˜˘
˭ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢʟ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔˝͗˖ˬˠ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡˬ ˣ˔˥˞ ˠ˔˦˭ˬˡˢ˪ˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ʤʣʣʘ ˣˢ˟˦˞˜˘˚ˢ
˞˔ˣ˜˧˔·˨ʡ ˍ˔˞·˔˗ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡˬ ˖˔·˞ˢ˪˜˖˜˘ ˗ˢ˦˧ˢ˦ˢ˪˔ˡˬ ˝˘˦˧ ˗ˢ ˢ˕ˢ˪˜͗˭˨˝͗˖ˬ˖˛
˪ˬˠˢ˚ͅ˪ ˜ ˣ˥˭˘ˣ˜˦ͅ˪ ˈʸʟ ˣ˥˭˘˦˧˥˭˘˚˔ ˭˔˦˔˗ ˗ˢ˕˥˘˝ ˣ˥˔˞˧ˬ˞˜ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘˝ ˪˘
˪˗˥ˢκˢˡˬˠ ˦ˬ˦˧˘ˠ˜˘ ʻʴʶʶ˃ ˜ ʵ˅ʶʡ ˃˥ˢ˖˘˦ˬ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘ ˢˣ˜˘˥˔ ˡ˔ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡ˘˝
˧˘˖˛ˡ˜˖˘ ˜ ˡ˔˝ˡˢ˪˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚˜˔˖˛ʟ ˔ ˠ˟˘˞ˢ ˣ˥˭˘˭ˡ˔˖˭ˢˡ˘ ˗ˢ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖˝˜ ˝˘˦˧
ˡ˔˝˪ˬκ˦˭˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ʡ ˀ˜˦˝͗ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˝˘˦˧ ˦˧˔·˘ ˗͗κ˘ˡ˜˘ ˗ˢ ˨˧˥˭ˬˠ˔ˡ˜˔ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˚ˢ ˣˢ˭˜ˢˠ˨
˝
˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˢ˙˘˥ˢ˪˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ͅ˪ ˭ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢʟ ˖ˢ ˣ˥˭˘˞·˔˗˔ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˨˭ˡ˔ˡ˜˘
˞ˢˡ˦˨ˠ˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ʡ ʹ˜˥ˠ˔ ˪ˬ˖˛ˢ˗˭͗˖ ˡ˔ˣ˥˭˘˖˜˪ ˢ˖˭˘˞˜˪˔ˡ˜ˢˠ ˞ˢˡ˦˨ˠ˘ˡ˧ͅ˪
˪ˣ˥ˢ˪˔˗˭˔ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˘˞ ˡˢ˪˘ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ˬ

˭ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢ ˢ ˕˔˥˗˭ˢ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ʟ ˖ˢ ˚˪˔˥˔ˡ˧ˢ˪˔͙ ˠ˔ ˦˧˔˕˜˟ˡˢΝ͙
˦ˣ˥˭˘˗˔κˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ˨˧˥˭ˬˠ˔ˡ˜˘ ˠ˔˥˞˜ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˡ˔ ˧˥˨˗ˡˬˠ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˔˥˧ˬ˞˨·ͅ˪ ˦ˣˢκˬ˪˖˭ˬ˖˛ʡ
ˊ ˖˛˪˜˟˜ ˢ˕˘˖ˡ˘˝ ˠ˟˘˖˭˔˥ˡ˜˔ ˣ˥˭˘˥˔˕˜˔ ˢ˞ˢ·ˢ ʩ ˠ˟ˡ ˟˜˧˥ͅ˪ ˀ˟˘˞˔ʡ

Ϣʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡ ˘˞˦ˣˢ˥˧˨˝˘ ˦˪ˢ˝˘ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ˬ ˗ˢʭ ˁ˜˘ˠ˜˘˖ʟ ʶ˭˘˖˛ʟ ˆ·ˢ˪˔˖˝˜ʟ Άˢ˧˪ˬʟ ʿ˜˧˪ˬʟ
ʸ˦˧ˢˡ˜˜ʟ ʹ˜ˡ˟˔ˡ˗˜˜ʟ ˈ˞˥˔˜ˡˬʡ

Ƞȟȟʤ ĢĴŻđ÷ īĥ÷ĢĴ
















ʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆ ʺ˅ʴˀ˂ˊˆʶˌ ˆ˃ʡ ʽʡ ˊˊˊʡʷʴˁˀʼˆʡʶ˂ˀʡ˃ʿ
ʵ˨˞ˢ˪˜˘˖ ʦʧʟ ʩʧʠʫʦʧ ˊˬ˦˭ˬˡˬ ˗˔ˡˠ˜˦ʳ˗˔ˡˠ˜˦ʡ˖ˢˠʡˣ˟

ĬÜŵÜ
Ř đĥ Ň
ĢĬò


ĬŔŵ
Ň
Ü Ř












ʹ˜˥ˠ˔ Ϣʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡ ʺ˥˔ˠˢ˪˦˖ˬ ˆˣʡʽʡ ˭ ˦˜˘˗˭˜˕͗ ˪ ʵ˨˞ˢ˪˖˨ ˪ˢ˝ʡ ˪˜˘˟˞ˢˣˢ˟˦˞˜˘
ˣˢ˪˦˧˔·˔ ˪ ʤʬʬʦ˥ʡ ʺˢ˦ˣˢ˗˔˥˨˝˘ ˡ˔ ʫʩʣ ˛˔ ˜ ˭˔˝ˠ˨˝ͩ ˦˜ͩ ˗˭˜˔·˔˟ˡˢΝ˖˜͗ ˪ ˭˔˞˥˘˦˜˘
ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖˝˜ ˥ˢΝ˟˜ˡˡ˘˝ ˜ ˭˪˜˘˥˭ͩ˖˘˝ʟ ˪ ˧ˬˠ ˛ˢ˗ˢ˪˟͗ ˞ͅ˭ʠ ˦˧˔˗ˢ ˣˢ˗˦˧˔˪ˢ˪˘ ˪ˬˡˢ˦˜
ˢ˕˘˖ˡ˜˘ ʥʣʣʣ ˦˭˧˨˞ʡ ˆˣͅ·˞˔ ˭˔˝ˠ˨˝˘ ˦˜ͩ ˦˞˨ˣ˘ˠ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢʟ ˝˘˚ˢ ˣ˥˭˘˧˪ͅ˥˦˧˪˘ˠ
˜ ˗ˬ˦˧˥ˬ˕˨˖˝͗ ˚ˢ˧ˢ˪ˬ˖˛ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ͅ˪ ˪ ˃ˢ˟˦˖˘ ˜ ˭˔ ˚˥˔ˡ˜˖͗ʡ ˊ ˖˭˘˥˪˖˨ ʥʣʣʩ ˣ˥˭ˬ
ˣˢˠˢ˖ˬ ˙˜ˡ˔ˡ˦ˢ˪˘˝ ˭ ˣ˥ˢ˚˥˔ˠ˨ ˆʴ˃ʴ˅ʷ ˭ˢ˦˧˔· ˢ˗˗˔ˡˬ ˗ˢ ˨κˬ˧˞˨ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡˬ
˭˔˞·˔˗ ˠ˟˘˖˭˔˥˦˞˜ʡ

Ϣ
Ϣʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡ ˝˘˦˧ ˝˘˗ˬˡˬˠ ˭˔˞·˔˗˘ˠ ˪ ˃ˢ˟˦˖˘ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˨˝͗˖ˬˠ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ˬ ˪ˬ·͗˖˭ˡ˜˘
˭ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢʟ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔˝͗˖ˬˠ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡˬ ˣ˔˥˞ ˠ˔˦˭ˬˡˢ˪ˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ʤʣʣʘ ˣˢ˟˦˞˜˘˚ˢ
˞˔ˣ˜˧˔·˨ʡ ˍ˔˞·˔˗ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡˬ ˖˔·˞ˢ˪˜˖˜˘ ˗ˢ˦˧ˢ˦ˢ˪˔ˡˬ ˝˘˦˧ ˗ˢ ˢ˕ˢ˪˜͗˭˨˝͗˖ˬ˖˛
˪ˬˠˢ˚ͅ˪ ˜ ˣ˥˭˘ˣ˜˦ͅ˪ ˈʸʟ ˣ˥˭˘˦˧˥˭˘˚˔ ˭˔˦˔˗ ˗ˢ˕˥˘˝ ˣ˥˔˞˧ˬ˞˜ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘˝ ˪˘
˪˗˥ˢκˢˡˬˠ ˦ˬ˦˧˘ˠ˜˘ ʻʴʶʶ˃ ˜ ʵ˅ʶʡ ˃˥ˢ˖˘˦ˬ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘ ˢˣ˜˘˥˔ ˡ˔ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡ˘˝
˧˘˖˛ˡ˜˖˘ ˜ ˡ˔˝ˡˢ˪˦˭ˬ˖˛ ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚˜˔˖˛ʟ ˔ ˠ˟˘˞ˢ ˣ˥˭˘˭ˡ˔˖˭ˢˡ˘ ˗ˢ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˞˖˝˜ ˝˘˦˧
ˡ˔˝˪ˬκ˦˭˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ʡ ˀ˜˦˝͗ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˝˘˦˧ ˦˧˔·˘ ˗͗κ˘ˡ˜˘ ˗ˢ ˨˧˥˭ˬˠ˔ˡ˜˔ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˚ˢ ˣˢ˭˜ˢˠ˨
˝
˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ ˢ˙˘˥ˢ˪˔ˡˬ˖˛ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ͅ˪ ˭ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢʟ ˖ˢ ˣ˥˭˘˞·˔˗˔ ˦˜ͩ ˡ˔ ˨˭ˡ˔ˡ˜˘
˞ˢˡ˦˨ˠ˘ˡ˧ͅ˪ʡ ʹ˜˥ˠ˔ ˪ˬ˖˛ˢ˗˭͗˖ ˡ˔ˣ˥˭˘˖˜˪ ˢ˖˭˘˞˜˪˔ˡ˜ˢˠ ˞ˢˡ˦˨ˠ˘ˡ˧ͅ˪
˪ˣ˥ˢ˪˔˗˭˔ ˡ˔ ˥ˬˡ˘˞ ˡˢ˪˘ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ˬ

˭ ˠ˟˘˞˔ ˞ˢ˭˜˘˚ˢ ˢ ˕˔˥˗˭ˢ ˪ˬ˦ˢ˞˜˘˝ ˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ʟ ˖ˢ ˚˪˔˥˔ˡ˧ˢ˪˔͙ ˠ˔ ˦˧˔˕˜˟ˡˢΝ͙
˦ˣ˥˭˘˗˔κˬ ˢ˥˔˭ ˨˧˥˭ˬˠ˔ˡ˜˘ ˠ˔˥˞˜ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˡ˔ ˧˥˨˗ˡˬˠ ˥ˬˡ˞˨ ˔˥˧ˬ˞˨·ͅ˪ ˦ˣˢκˬ˪˖˭ˬ˖˛ʡ
ˊ ˖˛˪˜˟˜ ˢ˕˘˖ˡ˘˝ ˠ˟˘˖˭˔˥ˡ˜˔ ˣ˥˭˘˥˔˕˜˔ ˢ˞ˢ·ˢ ʩ ˠ˟ˡ ˟˜˧˥ͅ˪ ˀ˟˘˞˔ʡ

Ϣʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆϡ ˘˞˦ˣˢ˥˧˨˝˘ ˦˪ˢ˝˘ ˪ˬ˥ˢ˕ˬ ˗ˢʭ ˁ˜˘ˠ˜˘˖ʟ ʶ˭˘˖˛ʟ ˆ·ˢ˪˔˖˝˜ʟ Άˢ˧˪ˬʟ ʿ˜˧˪ˬʟ
ʸ˦˧ˢˡ˜˜ʟ ʹ˜ˡ˟˔ˡ˗˜˜ʟ ˈ˞˥˔˜ˡˬʡ

Ƞȟȟʤ ĢĴŻđ÷ īĥ÷ĢĴ
















ʴʺ˅˂ʠʷʴˁˀʼˆ ʺ˅ʴˀ˂ˊˆʶˌ ˆ˃ʡ ʽʡ ˊˊˊʡʷʴˁˀʼˆʡʶ˂ˀʡ˃ʿ
ʵ˨˞ˢ˪˜˘˖ ʦʧʟ ʩʧʠʫʦʧ ˊˬ˦˭ˬˡˬ ˗˔ˡˠ˜˦ʳ˗˔ˡˠ˜˦ʡ˖ˢˠʡˣ˟

5VYQT\QPQ \ TCFQʋEKɁ FNC 6YQLGL TCFQʋEK


> REW^IKS HSVSW]GL TVEKRMIRME YW^G^ʚ˒PM[MIRME (^MIGM SVE^ ^ ^EQMS[ERME HS TV^IHQMSXɹ[ RMIXY^MROS[]GL S SV]KMREPR]Q

HIWMKRMI TS[WXE] REW^I FEWIRMOM
2S[SG^IWRI TEWYNʈGI HS OE˵HIKS [RʚXV^E E ^EVE^IQ HENʈGI (^MIGMSQ QRɹWX[S VEHS˒GM SVE^ HSWOSREPI WX]QYPYNʈGI MGL
VS^[ɹN 7OSQTSRYN W[ɹN []QEV^SR] ^IWXE[ M GMIW^ WMʚ ^ VEHS˒GM 8[SNIKS (^MIGOE SVE^ ^ []NʈXOS[IKS HIWMKRY OXɹV] HPE 2MIKS
WX[SV^]I˒










56914<101 < 4#&1ʊ%+ɀ &.# 691,', 4#&1ʊ%+





1,(32:7$5=$/1< '(6,*1




1$ 5<1.8 2' 52.8





%$6(1< : 5“ĸ1<&+ 2'&,(1,$&+



321$'&=$62:(- 6=$52ę&,







3,ā., : .2/25$&+




52=0,$5< %$6(1“:









[[[ QMRMFI TP
;EPM^OE &IH&S\o NIWX RMI^EWXʈTMSR]Q XS[EV^]W^IQ TSHVɹ˵] HPE H^MIGM 8S FEKE˵
TSHVʚG^R] [EPM^OE HS NE^H] SVE^ ɹ˵OS TSHRɹ˵IO HS WEQSPSXY [ NIHR]Q QMRMFI$QMRMFI TP

5VYQT\QPQ \ TCFQʋEKɁ FNC 6YQLGL TCFQʋEK


> REW^IKS HSVSW]GL TVEKRMIRME YW^G^ʚ˒PM[MIRME (^MIGM SVE^ ^ ^EQMS[ERME HS TV^IHQMSXɹ[ RMIXY^MROS[]GL S SV]KMREPR]Q

HIWMKRMI TS[WXE] REW^I FEWIRMOM
2S[SG^IWRI TEWYNʈGI HS OE˵HIKS [RʚXV^E E ^EVE^IQ HENʈGI (^MIGMSQ QRɹWX[S VEHS˒GM SVE^ HSWOSREPI WX]QYPYNʈGI MGL
VS^[ɹN 7OSQTSRYN W[ɹN []QEV^SR] ^IWXE[ M GMIW^ WMʚ ^ VEHS˒GM 8[SNIKS (^MIGOE SVE^ ^ []NʈXOS[IKS HIWMKRY OXɹV] HPE 2MIKS
WX[SV^]I˒










56914<101 < 4#&1ʊ%+ɀ &.# 691,', 4#&1ʊ%+





1,(32:7$5=$/1< '(6,*1




1$ 5<1.8 2' 52.8





%$6(1< : 5“ĸ1<&+ 2'&,(1,$&+



321$'&=$62:(- 6=$52ę&,







3,ā., : .2/25$&+




52=0,$5< %$6(1“:









[[[ QMRMFI TP
;EPM^OE &IH&S\o NIWX RMI^EWXʈTMSR]Q XS[EV^]W^IQ TSHVɹ˵] HPE H^MIGM 8S FEKE˵
TSHVʚG^R] [EPM^OE HS NE^H] SVE^ ɹ˵OS TSHRɹ˵IO HS WEQSPSXY [ NIHR]Q QMRMFI$QMRMFI TP





3°ñē Ñ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄȤ ÜüèôÄ ñçüôĖÄ»þÛļÑÄȩ



4ÑÄÜüèôÄ ã°÷ĖÄ ñôçÀþÜüē ñç÷Ñ°À°Û· ¼ÄôüēķÜ°ü øôçÀÜèđ ÀēÀ°Üüē¼Ėãē¼Ð Ė°Ýļ°ãē¼Ð Àç þęēüÜþ ÷ĖÜçÝãÄÎçȩ

ã°À°ãē ñôĖÄĖ 3ÑãÑ÷üô° ÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ 4°ôçÀçđÄÛ Ñ HñçôüþȮ

1DV]D RIHUWD WR SRPRFH G\GDNW\F]QH PDS\ V]NROQH PDS\ ǴFLHQQH SODQV]H HGXNDF\MQH SODQV]H MǗ]\NRZH WDEOLFH LQWHUDNW\ZQH

SURJUDP\ HGXNDF\MQH SRPRFH L JU\ SU]HGV]NROQH WDEOLFH G\GDNW\F]QH JOREXV\ RUD] ODPLQRZDQH PD’H IRUPDW\ SRGN’DGNL QD
ELXUNR :V]\VWNLH SODQV]H G\GDNW\F]QH L PDS\ Vnj REXVWURQQLH ODPLQRZDQH PDMnj G’XJnj Ȉ\ZRWQRǴǎ L ]DFKRZXMnj WUZD’RǴǎ NRORUyZ































































HL# . NE8 EL -ôē÷üÑ°ã -çâ°ãÀÄô

8Àôçđ·ę þÝȩ XÑÄÛ÷Ü° Ƶƻ Ȥ ƸƻɎƷƵƺ èô°ęÀęÄ
üÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƻƻ Ƹƺƻƻ ƷƼƼȤ âç»ÑÝȣ ʖƸƼ ƹƴƶ ƹƶƸ ƺƼƽ
đđđȮâ°ñē÷ĖÜçÝãÄȮñÝ

3°ñē Ñ ñÝ°ã÷ĖÄȤ ÜüèôÄ ñçüôĖÄ»þÛļÑÄȩ



4ÑÄÜüèôÄ ã°÷ĖÄ ñôçÀþÜüē ñç÷Ñ°À°Û· ¼ÄôüēķÜ°ü øôçÀÜèđ ÀēÀ°Üüē¼Ėãē¼Ð Ė°Ýļ°ãē¼Ð Àç þęēüÜþ ÷ĖÜçÝãÄÎçȩ

ã°À°ãē ñôĖÄĖ 3ÑãÑ÷üô° ÀþÜ°¼ÛÑ 4°ôçÀçđÄÛ Ñ HñçôüþȮ

1DV]D RIHUWD WR SRPRFH G\GDNW\F]QH PDS\ V]NROQH PDS\ ǴFLHQQH SODQV]H HGXNDF\MQH SODQV]H MǗ]\NRZH WDEOLFH LQWHUDNW\ZQH

SURJUDP\ HGXNDF\MQH SRPRFH L JU\ SU]HGV]NROQH WDEOLFH G\GDNW\F]QH JOREXV\ RUD] ODPLQRZDQH PD’H IRUPDW\ SRGN’DGNL QD
ELXUNR :V]\VWNLH SODQV]H G\GDNW\F]QH L PDS\ Vnj REXVWURQQLH ODPLQRZDQH PDMnj G’XJnj Ȉ\ZRWQRǴǎ L ]DFKRZXMnj WUZD’RǴǎ NRORUyZ































































HL# . NE8 EL -ôē÷üÑ°ã -çâ°ãÀÄô

8Àôçđ·ę þÝȩ XÑÄÛ÷Ü° Ƶƻ Ȥ ƸƻɎƷƵƺ èô°ęÀęÄ
üÄÝȩȣ ʖƸƼ ƻƻ Ƹƺƻƻ ƷƼƼȤ âç»ÑÝȣ ʖƸƼ ƹƴƶ ƹƶƸ ƺƼƽ
đđđȮâ°ñē÷ĖÜçÝãÄȮñÝ

+FTUFėNZ EPėXJBED[POÁ LBESÁ [BXPEPXD¯X LU¯SB LSFVKF OPXF
USFOEZ OB SZOLV QSBDZ X PCT[BS[F BOJNBDKJ D[BTV XPMOFHP
/B[Á NJTKÁ KFTU QPCVE[FOJF QBTKJ X LBĸEZN LUP QSBHOJF
TBNPSFBMJ[BDKJ QPþÁD[POFK [ [BCBXÁ 8 PEQPXJFE[J OB [BQPUS[FCPXBOJF
SZOLV OB VTþVHJ BOJNBDZKOF EBKFNZ QBUFOU EP OPXFHP [BXPEV KBLP MJEFS
KFTUFėNZ UBN HE[JF OBT QPUS[FCVKFDJF












"OJNBUPS UP PH¯MOPQPMTLJ MJEFS X [BLSFTJF T[LPMFĀ "OJNBDKJ $[BTV 8PMOFHP
PSHBOJ[BDKJ FWFOU¯X PSB[ QPėSFEOJDUXB QSBDZ QS[Z SFBMJ[BDKJ BOJNBDKJ
IPUFMPXZDI [B HSBOJDÁ ,JMLVMFUOJB PCFDOPėÃ OB SZOLV UP TFULJ
QS[FQSPXBE[POZDI T[LPMFĀ DBTUJOH¯X J JNQSF[ EMB OBKXJÕLT[ZDI
5PVSPQFSBUPS¯X X LSBKV J &VSPQJF ,BĸEFHP SPLV DFSUZţLBU "OJNBUPSB
$[BTV 8PMOFHP PECJFSB CMJTLP LVSTBOU¯X QP UP BCZ QSBDPXBÃ
OB BOJNBDKBDI [B HSBOJDÁ PSB[ [EPCZXBÃ EPEBULPXF EPėXJBED[FOJF




































XXX BOJNBUPSDFOUFS DPN


JOGP!BOJNBUPSDFOUFS DPN

+FTUFėNZ EPėXJBED[POÁ LBESÁ [BXPEPXD¯X LU¯SB LSFVKF OPXF
USFOEZ OB SZOLV QSBDZ X PCT[BS[F BOJNBDKJ D[BTV XPMOFHP
/B[Á NJTKÁ KFTU QPCVE[FOJF QBTKJ X LBĸEZN LUP QSBHOJF
TBNPSFBMJ[BDKJ QPþÁD[POFK [ [BCBXÁ 8 PEQPXJFE[J OB [BQPUS[FCPXBOJF
SZOLV OB VTþVHJ BOJNBDZKOF EBKFNZ QBUFOU EP OPXFHP [BXPEV KBLP MJEFS
KFTUFėNZ UBN HE[JF OBT QPUS[FCVKFDJF












"OJNBUPS UP PH¯MOPQPMTLJ MJEFS X [BLSFTJF T[LPMFĀ "OJNBDKJ $[BTV 8PMOFHP
PSHBOJ[BDKJ FWFOU¯X PSB[ QPėSFEOJDUXB QSBDZ QS[Z SFBMJ[BDKJ BOJNBDKJ
IPUFMPXZDI [B HSBOJDÁ ,JMLVMFUOJB PCFDOPėÃ OB SZOLV UP TFULJ
QS[FQSPXBE[POZDI T[LPMFĀ DBTUJOH¯X J JNQSF[ EMB OBKXJÕLT[ZDI
5PVSPQFSBUPS¯X X LSBKV J &VSPQJF ,BĸEFHP SPLV DFSUZţLBU "OJNBUPSB
$[BTV 8PMOFHP PECJFSB CMJTLP LVSTBOU¯X QP UP BCZ QSBDPXBÃ
OB BOJNBDKBDI [B HSBOJDÁ PSB[ [EPCZXBÃ EPEBULPXF EPėXJBED[FOJF




































XXX BOJNBUPSDFOUFS DPN


JOGP!BOJNBUPSDFOUFS DPN

+DSS\+RS WR G\VWU\EXWRU Z\VRNLHM NODV\


GPXFKDĂFµZ L ]DEDZHN RJURGRZ\FK


: QDV]HM RIHUFLH ]QDMGÃ 3DÌVWZR ZV]\VWNR WR F]HJR :DV]H G]LHFL SRWU]HEXMÃ GR Z\ÐPLHQLWHM ]DEDZ\
2IHURZDQH GPXFKDÌFH SRVLDGDMÃ XQLNDOQ\ L FLHNDZ\ Z\JOÃG D SRQDGWR ND×G\ ] QLFK GRVWÇSQ\ MHVW
UµZQLH× Z ZHUVML NRPHUF\MQHM ZLÇNV]HM RG GRPRZ\FK RGSRZLHGQLNµZ

+DSS\ +RS ]DMPXMH VLÇ UµZQLH× RUJDQL]DFMÃ LPSUH] SOHQHURZ\FK ]GHMPXMÃF RERZLÃ]HN SODQRZDQLD
] EDUNµZ URG]LFµZ =DSHZQLDP\ G]LHFLRP QLH]DSRPQLDQH ZUD×HQLD L ZLHOH FLHNDZ\FK ]DEDZ

=DSUDV]DP\ GR ]DSR]QDQLD VLÇ ] QDV]Ã ERJDWÃ RIHUWÃ QD VWURQLH ĆUPRZHM +DSS\+RS















































ZZZ KDSS\KRS SO



ELXUR#KDSS\KRS SO 5$%$78
+DVÊR UDEDWRZH
0DJD]\Q 3U]HGV]NROD

+DSS\+RS WR G\VWU\EXWRU Z\VRNLHM NODV\


GPXFKDĂFµZ L ]DEDZHN RJURGRZ\FK


: QDV]HM RIHUFLH ]QDMGÃ 3DÌVWZR ZV]\VWNR WR F]HJR :DV]H G]LHFL SRWU]HEXMÃ GR Z\ÐPLHQLWHM ]DEDZ\
2IHURZDQH GPXFKDÌFH SRVLDGDMÃ XQLNDOQ\ L FLHNDZ\ Z\JOÃG D SRQDGWR ND×G\ ] QLFK GRVWÇSQ\ MHVW
UµZQLH× Z ZHUVML NRPHUF\MQHM ZLÇNV]HM RG GRPRZ\FK RGSRZLHGQLNµZ

+DSS\ +RS ]DMPXMH VLÇ UµZQLH× RUJDQL]DFMÃ LPSUH] SOHQHURZ\FK ]GHMPXMÃF RERZLÃ]HN SODQRZDQLD
] EDUNµZ URG]LFµZ =DSHZQLDP\ G]LHFLRP QLH]DSRPQLDQH ZUD×HQLD L ZLHOH FLHNDZ\FK ]DEDZ

=DSUDV]DP\ GR ]DSR]QDQLD VLÇ ] QDV]Ã ERJDWÃ RIHUWÃ QD VWURQLH ĆUPRZHM +DSS\+RS















































ZZZ KDSS\KRS SO



ELXUR#KDSS\KRS SO 5$%$78
+DVÊR UDEDWRZH
0DJD]\Q 3U]HGV]NROD









































1$6=( 35(0,(5<



,JQDÐ .LWHN DUFKLWHNW

$QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV

3U]H]DEDZQD L QLHSRNRUQD NVLÃ×ND

9Ü«ˆĂ¹« ôØãÊύ«Êô— ¼«ã—؁¹Ê R UHDOL]RZDQLX VZRLFK SDVML ZEUHZ
SU]HFLZQRÐFLRP



« Õ« ¹Ã«— «¼èÜãØÊôÃ— =É




5µ]LD 5HZHOND LQ×\QLHUND

1DV]H Z\GDZQLFWZR VSHFMDOL]XMH VLÇ Z VWDUDQQ\P GRERU]H RIHUW\ L SURSRQXMH $QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV
URG]LFRP L G]LHFLRP Z\VRNLHM MDNRÐFL NVLÃ×NL ]DUµZQR ZDUWRÐFLRZH OLWHUDFNR =DEDZQD L PÃGUD RSRZLHÐÅ R

MDN L SLÇNQLH LOXVWURZDQH 7R ìSLFWXUHERRNVë å NVLÃ×NL Z NWµU\FK WHNVW L REUD] UHDOL]RZDQLX SDVML L QLH]UD×DQLX
ZVSµÊJUDMà ]H VREà WZRU]ÃF XQLNDOQà MDNRÐÅ NWµUHM QLH GDÊRE\ VLÇ RVLÃJQÃÅ EH] VLÇ QLHSRZRG]HQLDPL
KDUPRQLL PLÇG]\ QLPL 6Ã WR SXEOLNDFMH GOD Z\PDJDMÃF\FK å SRXF]DMÃFD
L MHGQRF]HÐQLH HNVF\WXMÃFD OLWHUDWXUD G]LHFLÇFD =É








7HN 1RZRF]HVQ\ MDVNLQLRZLHF

3DWULFN 0F'RQQHOO


=DEDZQ\ VSRVµE PµZLHQLD R ]QDF]HQLX Z\ÊÃF]HQLD
RWDF]DMÃF\FK QDV XU]ÃG]HÌ L FLHV]HQLD VLÇ XURNDPL

SLÇNQHJR ÐZLDWD GRRNRÊD


=É


$GD %DPELQL 1DXNRZF]\QL

$QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV


=$32:,('Ô





#.LQGHUNXOND




:6=<67.,( .6,ÂÖ., '267Æ31( 1$ ::: .,1'(5.8/.$ 3/

1$6=( 35(0,(5<



,JQDÐ .LWHN DUFKLWHNW

$QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV

3U]H]DEDZQD L QLHSRNRUQD NVLÃ×ND

9Ü«ˆĂ¹« ôØãÊύ«Êô— ¼«ã—؁¹Ê R UHDOL]RZDQLX VZRLFK SDVML ZEUHZ
SU]HFLZQRÐFLRP



« Õ« ¹Ã«— «¼èÜãØÊôÃ— =É




5µ]LD 5HZHOND LQ×\QLHUND

1DV]H Z\GDZQLFWZR VSHFMDOL]XMH VLÇ Z VWDUDQQ\P GRERU]H RIHUW\ L SURSRQXMH $QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV
URG]LFRP L G]LHFLRP Z\VRNLHM MDNRÐFL NVLÃ×NL ]DUµZQR ZDUWRÐFLRZH OLWHUDFNR =DEDZQD L PÃGUD RSRZLHÐÅ R

MDN L SLÇNQLH LOXVWURZDQH 7R ìSLFWXUHERRNVë å NVLÃ×NL Z NWµU\FK WHNVW L REUD] UHDOL]RZDQLX SDVML L QLH]UD×DQLX
ZVSµÊJUDMà ]H VREà WZRU]ÃF XQLNDOQà MDNRÐÅ NWµUHM QLH GDÊRE\ VLÇ RVLÃJQÃÅ EH] VLÇ QLHSRZRG]HQLDPL
KDUPRQLL PLÇG]\ QLPL 6Ã WR SXEOLNDFMH GOD Z\PDJDMÃF\FK å SRXF]DMÃFD
L MHGQRF]HÐQLH HNVF\WXMÃFD OLWHUDWXUD G]LHFLÇFD =É








7HN 1RZRF]HVQ\ MDVNLQLRZLHF

3DWULFN 0F'RQQHOO


=DEDZQ\ VSRVµE PµZLHQLD R ]QDF]HQLX Z\ÊÃF]HQLD
RWDF]DMÃF\FK QDV XU]ÃG]HÌ L FLHV]HQLD VLÇ XURNDPL

SLÇNQHJR ÐZLDWD GRRNRÊD


=É


$GD %DPELQL 1DXNRZF]\QL

$QGUHD %HDW\ LOXVWUDWRU 'DYLG 5REHUWV


=$32:,('Ô





#.LQGHUNXOND




:6=<67.,( .6,ÂÖ., '267Æ31( 1$ ::: .,1'(5.8/.$ 3/







=GURZH VWRS\ 'R SURGXNFML REXZLD 0HPR VWRVR

ZDQH VĈ QDMZ\İV]HM MDNRĤFL PDWHULDã\ :LHU
G]LHFND ]FKQLD L ZHZQčWU]QD F]čĤþ EXWD Z\NRQDQD
MHVW ] QDWXUDOQ\FK PLčNNLFK VNyU NR]LFK
LGHDOQ\FK GOD VWRS\ G]LHFND 6NyU\ WH Z
VSRVyE QDWXUDOQ\ GRVWRVRZXMĈ VLč GR
0HPR WR QDMZ\İV]HM MDNRĤFL REXZLH GOD
G]LHFL Z\NRQDQH Z NODV\F]Q\P VW\OX ] VWRS\ W\P VDP\P ]ZLčNV]DMĈ NRPIRUW Xİ\W
QDWXUDOQ\FK PDWHULDãyZ SU]\MD]Q\FK VWRSLH NRZDQLD 1LHNWyUH PRGHOH Z\SRVDİRQH
G]LHFND 8QLNDWRZĈ IXQNFMč GLDJQRVW\F]QĈ ]RVWDã\ Z VSHFMDOLVW\F]QĈ SRGV]HZNč
]DSHZQLD V\VWHP PRQLWRULQJX Z SRGHV]ZLH EH]FKURPRZĈ 1DWXUDOQH PDWHULDã\ R
0HPR :\SUDFRZDQD SU]H] ODWD NRQVWUXN ZãDĤFLZRĤFLDFK KLJURVNRSLMQ\FK VSUDZLDMĈ
FMD L WHFKQRORJLD PRQWDİX EXWyZ 0HPR İH EXW RGG\FKD D VWRSD QLH XOHJD
] ]DSRFHQLX
]\VNDãD\VNDãD X]QDQLH VSHFMDOLVWyZ MDNR
VNXWHF]QD PHWRGD SURILODNW\NL L OHF]HQLD
QDMF]čVWV]\FK ZDG SRVWDZ\









8QLNDWRZ\ V\VWHP G\QDPLF]QHM NRQWUROL
VWyS G]LHFND GDMĈF\ PRİOLZRĤþ ELHİĈFHJR
PRQLWRURZDQLD VWDQX VWyS RUD] QDW\FKPLD
VWRZHM UHDNFML 6SHFMDOQ\ RGVWDZLRQ\ NV]
WDãW SRGHV]Z\ GRGDWNRZR VWDELOL]XMH VWRSč
L ]DSHZQLD SUDZLGãRZH MHM XãRİHQLH SRG 6SHFMDOQD WHFKQRORJLD PRQWDİX
F]DV FKRGX 'LDJQRVW\F]QD SRGHV]ZD 9 WHFK SROHJDMĈFD QD SUDZLGãRZ\P XVW
0HPR 2EV]DUHP GLDJQRVW\F]Q\P REXZLD DZLHQLX FKROHZNL SRGF]DV SURFHVX PRQ
0HPR MHVW MHJR SRGHV]ZD 1D MHM SRZLHU WRZDQLD EXWD 7HFKQRORJLD WD JZDUDQWXMH
]FKQL RUD] QD REFDVLH ]RVWDãR Z\RGUčEQL ]DFKRZDQLH RVL V\PHWULL Z Z\SURGXNRZ
RQ\FK V]HĤþ SRQXPHURZDQ\FK VWUHI ] Z\ DQ\P EXFLH D W\P VDP\P ZUD] ] FKDUDNW
SXNã\PL SDVNDPL ELHİQLND VWUHID QRUP\ HU\VW\F]Q\P V]W\ZQ\P ]DSLčWNLHP L Z\VRNĈ
VWUHID U\]\ND RUD] F]WHU\ VWUHI\ GXİHM G\V FKROHZNĈ ZVSRPDJD SUDZLGãRZ\ UR]ZyM
IXQNFML 3RGF]DV Xİ\WNRZDQLD SDVNL XOHJDMĈ VWyS 2EXZLH 0HPR SR]EDZLRQH MHVW FHFK
ĤFLHUDQLX G]LčNL F]HPX VWDUWH IUDJPHQW\ NRQVWUXNF\MQ\FK PRJĈF\FK ]DNãyFLþ
XPRİOLZLDMĈ V]\ENĈ L SUHF\]\MQĈ GLDJQR]č REUD] U]HF]\ZLVWHM IL]MRORJLL L SRWU]HE VWyS Z
ZDG VWyS RUD] HZHQWXDOQH GREUDQLH RNUHVLH Z]UDVWDQLD ']LčNL WHPX REXZLH
ZNãDGHN : SU]\SDGNX EUDNX NRQLHF]QRĤFL 0HPR XMDZQLD LFK SUDZLGãRZRĤþ PRUIR
VWRVRZDQLD ZNãDGHN NRU\JXMĈF\FK EXW\ ORJLF]QRF]\QQRĤFLRZĈ OXE LVWQLHMĈFH
0HPR VSHãQLDMĈ IXQNFMč SURILODNW\F]QĈ ZDG\ EĈGĮ LFK V\PSWRP\
=HVWDZ ZNãDGHN ZFKRG]ĈF\FK Z VNãDG
V\VWHPX\VWHPX 0HPR ZUD] ] ZEXGRZDQ\P Z
V 3URGXNW X]\VNDã SR]\W\ZQĈ RSLQLč
SRGHV]ZLH REFDVHP 7KRPDV·D QDGDMH Å&HQWUXP =GURZLD ']LHFNDµ
EXWRP 0HPR FKDUDNWHU REXZLD NRUHNF\M
QHJR 2GSRZLHGQLD GOD G]LHFND ZNãDGND
PRİH E\þ GREUDQD EH]SRĤUHGQLR SU]H]
URG]LFD QD SRGVWDZLH ]DãĈF]RQHM LQVWUXNFML
Xİ\WNRZDQLD 6\VWHPX 0HPR OXE ZJ ZVND
]Dę VSHFMDOLVW\




ZZZ ]GURZHEXFLNL SO