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ˁʴˆˍʸ ˅ʸʴʿʼˍʴʶʽʸ
ˊ ˡ˔˦˭˘˝ ˢ˙˘˥˖˜˘ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔ˠˬ ˣ˥ˢ˙˘˦˝ˢˡ˔˟ˡ˘ ˥ˢ˭˪˜͗˭˔ˡ˜˔ ˜ˡ˙ˢ˥ˠ˔˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘
ʺ·ͅ˪ˡˬˠ ˙˜˟˔˥˘ˠ ˡ˔˦˭˘˝ ˗˭˜˔·˔˟ˡˢΝ˖˜ ˦͗ ˥ͅκˡ˘˚ˢ ˥ˢ˗˭˔˝˨ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡ˘ ˥ˢ˭˪˜͗˭˔ˡ˜˔
ʷ˜˚˜˧˔˟ ˆ˜˚ˡ˔˚˘ʡ ʽ˔˞ˢ ˣ˔˥˧ˡ˘˥ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˆ˔ˠ˦˨ˡ˚ ˗˭˜˔·˔ˠˬ ˣ˥˭˘˗˘ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜ˠ ˡ˔
ˡ˜˘˭˔˪ˢ˗ˡˬˠ ˦ˣ˥˭ͩ˖˜˘ ˧˘˚ˢ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˧˔ʡ ˂˙˘˥˨˝˘ˠˬ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˦ˣ˥˭˘˗˔κʟ ˝˔˞ ˜
˪ˬˡ˔˝˘ˠ ʛˡˣʡ ˡ˔ ˘˩˘ˡ˧ˬʟ ˦ˣˢ˧˞˔ˡ˜˔ ˕˜˭ˡ˘˦ˢ˪˘ʜʡ
ˍ˔˪˦˭˘ ˭˔ˣ˘˪ˡ˜˔ˠˬ ˙˔˖˛ˢ˪˘ ˗ˢ˥˔˗˭˧˪ˢ ˜ ˣˢˠˢ˖ʟ ˔ ˗˭˜ͩ˞˜ ˡ˔˦˭˘ˠ˨ ˗ˢΝ˪˜˔˗˖˭˘ˡ˜˨
ˠ˔ˠˬ ˗ˢ˦˧ͩˣ ˗ˢ ˪˜˘˟˨ ˗ˢ˦˧˔˪˖ͅ˪ ˜ ˛˨˥˧ˢ˪ˡ˜ʡ ʷ˟˔˧˘˚ˢ ˥˘˔˟˜˭˨˝˘ˠˬ ˣ˥ˢ˝˘˞˧ˬ ˪
˦˭ˬ˕˞˜ˠ ˧˘ˠˣ˜˘ ˜ ˣ˥ˢˣˢˡ˨˝˘ˠˬ ˔˧˥˔˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘ ˥˔˕˔˧ˬʡ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔
˂˗˟ˢ˧ˢ˪˔ ʿˢ˧˘˥˜˔ ˀ˘˥˖˘˗˘˦
˃˥ˢˠˢ˖˝˔ ˆ˔ˠ˦˨ˡ˚ ʺʴʿʴˋˌ ˆʩ ˁˢ˖ ˀ˨˭˘ͅ˪ ˃ʴ˃
ʿˢ˧ˡ˜˦˞ˢ ˂˞ͩ˖˜˘
ʸʾ˅ʴˁˌ ʷ˂ˇˌʾ˂ˊʸ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔
ˇ˔˥˚˜ ʸ˨˥ˢ˚˔˦˧˥ˢ ˇ˔˥˚˜ ʹʼˊʸ
ˇ˔˥˚˜ ˊ˜˔˧˥ ˜ ˊˢ˗˔
ˀˢκ˟˜˪ˢΝ͙ ˦˔ˠˢ˗˭˜˘˟ˡ˘˚ˢ ˪ˬ˕ˢ˥˨ ˢˣ˖˝˜ ˡ˔ ˘˞˥˔ˡ˜˘ ˣˢˣ˥˭˘˭
˗ˢ˧ˬ˞ʟ ˣ˥˭˘˚˟͗˗˔ˡ˜˔ ˡ˔˝˕˔˥˗˭˜˘˝ ˜ˡ˧˘˥˘˦˨˝͗˖ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˦ ˜ˡ˙ˢ˥ˠ˔˖˝˜
˭˔˖˛ͩ˖˔ ˗ˢ ˭˔ˣˢ˭ˡ˔ˡ˜˔ ˦˜ͩ ˭ ˢ˙˘˥˧͗ʡ ˊˣ·ˬ˪˔ ˡ˔
˭˔˜ˡ˧˘˥˘˦ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ʟ ˖˛͙ͩ ˜ˡ˧˘˥˔˞˖˝˜ʡ ʷ˟˔˧˘˚ˢ ˘˞˥˔ˡˬ ˗ˢ˧ˬ˞ˢ˪˘ ˦͗
ˡ˜˘ ˧ˬ˟˞ˢ ˡ˜˘˭˪ˬ˞˟˘ ˙˨ˡ˞˖˝ˢˡ˔˟ˡ˘ʟ ˔˟˘ ˧˘κ ˔˧˥˔˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘ʡ
Μʶʼʴˁˌ ˊʼˍˌʽˁʸ
ˊ˜˘˟˞ˢ˙ˢ˥ˠ˔˧ˢ˪˘ ˘˞˥˔ˡˬ ˣˢ·͗˖˭ˢˡ˘ ˪ ˖˔·ˬ ˦ˬ˦˧˘ˠ ˣ˥˘˭˘ˡ˧˨˝͗
ˢ˕˥˔˭ ˪ ˦ˣˢ˦ͅ˕ ˭˗˘˖ˬ˗ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˣ˥˭ˬ˞˨˪˔˝͗˖ˬ ˨˪˔˚ͩʡ ˍˡ˔˝˗˨˝͗
˦˪ˢ˝˘ ˭˔˦˧ˢ˦ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˧˔ˠʟ ˚˗˭˜˘ ˝˘˗˘ˡ ˗˨κˬ ˘˞˥˔ˡ ˡ˜˘ ʿ˨˕˟˜ˡ
ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔
˪ˬ˦˧˔˥˖˭ˬʡ ʷ˔˝͗ ˧˘κ ˠˢκ˟˜˪ˢΝ͙ ˨˞˔˭˔ˡ˜˔ ˪˜˗˘ˢ ˪ ˜ˠˣˢˡ˨˝͗˖˘˝ ˆˣˢ˧˞˔ˡ˜˘ ʼˇ ʵ˃ˆ ˇ˔˕˟˜˖˘ ˪ˬˡ˜˞ͅ˪ ˀˀʴ ˃˜˞ˡ˜˞ ˡ˔˨˞ˢ˪ˬ ˃ˢ˟˦˞˜˘˚ˢ ˅˔˗˜˔
˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ʡ ˜ ʶ˘ˡ˧˥˨ˠ ˁ˔˨˞˜ ʾˢˣ˘˥ˡ˜˞
˅ʾʠˇ˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚ˬʡˣ˟ ˅˔˙˔· ʾˢˡˢˣ˞˔
˪˪˪ʡ˥˞ʠ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚ˬʡˣ˟
˨˟ʡ ˀ˔˝ˢ˪˔ ʤʧʢʤʫʟ ʣʨʠʫʣʣ ˃˥˨˦˭˞ͅ˪
ˣˢ˖˭˧˔ʳ˥˞ʠ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚ˬʡˣ˟
ˇ˘˟ʡʭ ʣʣ ʧʫ ʨʤʤ ʩʩʪ ʩʩʪʟ ʣʣ ʧʫ ʨʤʩ ʫʦʣ ʫʫʣ
ʼˡ˧˘˥˔˞˧ˬ˪ˡ˘ʟ ˜ˡ˧˘˟˜˚˘ˡ˧ˡ˘ʟ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡ˘
ˁʴˆˍʸ ˅ʸʴʿʼˍʴʶʽʸ
ˊ ˡ˔˦˭˘˝ ˢ˙˘˥˖˜˘ ˣˢ˦˜˔˗˔ˠˬ ˣ˥ˢ˙˘˦˝ˢˡ˔˟ˡ˘ ˥ˢ˭˪˜͗˭˔ˡ˜˔ ˜ˡ˙ˢ˥ˠ˔˧ˬ˖˭ˡ˘
ʺ·ͅ˪ˡˬˠ ˙˜˟˔˥˘ˠ ˡ˔˦˭˘˝ ˗˭˜˔·˔˟ˡˢΝ˖˜ ˦͗ ˥ͅκˡ˘˚ˢ ˥ˢ˗˭˔˝˨ ˡˢ˪ˢ˖˭˘˦ˡ˘ ˥ˢ˭˪˜͗˭˔ˡ˜˔
ʷ˜˚˜˧˔˟ ˆ˜˚ˡ˔˚˘ʡ ʽ˔˞ˢ ˣ˔˥˧ˡ˘˥ ˙˜˥ˠˬ ˆ˔ˠ˦˨ˡ˚ ˗˭˜˔·˔ˠˬ ˣ˥˭˘˗˘ ˪˦˭ˬ˦˧˞˜ˠ ˡ˔
ˡ˜˘˭˔˪ˢ˗ˡˬˠ ˦ˣ˥˭ͩ˖˜˘ ˧˘˚ˢ ˣ˥ˢ˗˨˖˘ˡ˧˔ʡ ˂˙˘˥˨˝˘ˠˬ ˭˔˥ͅ˪ˡˢ ˦ˣ˥˭˘˗˔κʟ ˝˔˞ ˜
˪ˬˡ˔˝˘ˠ ʛˡˣʡ ˡ˔ ˘˩˘ˡ˧ˬʟ ˦ˣˢ˧˞˔ˡ˜˔ ˕˜˭ˡ˘˦ˢ˪˘ʜʡ
ˍ˔˪˦˭˘ ˭˔ˣ˘˪ˡ˜˔ˠˬ ˙˔˖˛ˢ˪˘ ˗ˢ˥˔˗˭˧˪ˢ ˜ ˣˢˠˢ˖ʟ ˔ ˗˭˜ͩ˞˜ ˡ˔˦˭˘ˠ˨ ˗ˢΝ˪˜˔˗˖˭˘ˡ˜˨
ˠ˔ˠˬ ˗ˢ˦˧ͩˣ ˗ˢ ˪˜˘˟˨ ˗ˢ˦˧˔˪˖ͅ˪ ˜ ˛˨˥˧ˢ˪ˡ˜ʡ ʷ˟˔˧˘˚ˢ ˥˘˔˟˜˭˨˝˘ˠˬ ˣ˥ˢ˝˘˞˧ˬ ˪
˦˭ˬ˕˞˜ˠ ˧˘ˠˣ˜˘ ˜ ˣ˥ˢˣˢˡ˨˝˘ˠˬ ˔˧˥˔˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘ ˥˔˕˔˧ˬʡ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔
˂˗˟ˢ˧ˢ˪˔ ʿˢ˧˘˥˜˔ ˀ˘˥˖˘˗˘˦
˃˥ˢˠˢ˖˝˔ ˆ˔ˠ˦˨ˡ˚ ʺʴʿʴˋˌ ˆʩ ˁˢ˖ ˀ˨˭˘ͅ˪ ˃ʴ˃
ʿˢ˧ˡ˜˦˞ˢ ˂˞ͩ˖˜˘
ʸʾ˅ʴˁˌ ʷ˂ˇˌʾ˂ˊʸ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔
ˇ˔˥˚˜ ʸ˨˥ˢ˚˔˦˧˥ˢ ˇ˔˥˚˜ ʹʼˊʸ
ˇ˔˥˚˜ ˊ˜˔˧˥ ˜ ˊˢ˗˔
ˀˢκ˟˜˪ˢΝ͙ ˦˔ˠˢ˗˭˜˘˟ˡ˘˚ˢ ˪ˬ˕ˢ˥˨ ˢˣ˖˝˜ ˡ˔ ˘˞˥˔ˡ˜˘ ˣˢˣ˥˭˘˭
˗ˢ˧ˬ˞ʟ ˣ˥˭˘˚˟͗˗˔ˡ˜˔ ˡ˔˝˕˔˥˗˭˜˘˝ ˜ˡ˧˘˥˘˦˨˝͗˖ˬ˖˛ ˡ˔˦ ˜ˡ˙ˢ˥ˠ˔˖˝˜
˭˔˖˛ͩ˖˔ ˗ˢ ˭˔ˣˢ˭ˡ˔ˡ˜˔ ˦˜ͩ ˭ ˢ˙˘˥˧͗ʡ ˊˣ·ˬ˪˔ ˡ˔
˭˔˜ˡ˧˘˥˘˦ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ʟ ˖˛͙ͩ ˜ˡ˧˘˥˔˞˖˝˜ʡ ʷ˟˔˧˘˚ˢ ˘˞˥˔ˡˬ ˗ˢ˧ˬ˞ˢ˪˘ ˦͗
ˡ˜˘ ˧ˬ˟˞ˢ ˡ˜˘˭˪ˬ˞˟˘ ˙˨ˡ˞˖˝ˢˡ˔˟ˡ˘ʟ ˔˟˘ ˧˘κ ˔˧˥˔˞˖ˬ˝ˡ˘ʡ
Μʶʼʴˁˌ ˊʼˍˌʽˁʸ
ˊ˜˘˟˞ˢ˙ˢ˥ˠ˔˧ˢ˪˘ ˘˞˥˔ˡˬ ˣˢ·͗˖˭ˢˡ˘ ˪ ˖˔·ˬ ˦ˬ˦˧˘ˠ ˣ˥˘˭˘ˡ˧˨˝͗
ˢ˕˥˔˭ ˪ ˦ˣˢ˦ͅ˕ ˭˗˘˖ˬ˗ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˣ˥˭ˬ˞˨˪˔˝͗˖ˬ ˨˪˔˚ͩʡ ˍˡ˔˝˗˨˝͗
˦˪ˢ˝˘ ˭˔˦˧ˢ˦ˢ˪˔ˡ˜˘ ˧˔ˠʟ ˚˗˭˜˘ ˝˘˗˘ˡ ˗˨κˬ ˘˞˥˔ˡ ˡ˜˘ ʿ˨˕˟˜ˡ
ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔ ˊ˔˥˦˭˔˪˔
˪ˬ˦˧˔˥˖˭ˬʡ ʷ˔˝͗ ˧˘κ ˠˢκ˟˜˪ˢΝ͙ ˨˞˔˭˔ˡ˜˔ ˪˜˗˘ˢ ˪ ˜ˠˣˢˡ˨˝͗˖˘˝ ˆˣˢ˧˞˔ˡ˜˘ ʼˇ ʵ˃ˆ ˇ˔˕˟˜˖˘ ˪ˬˡ˜˞ͅ˪ ˀˀʴ ˃˜˞ˡ˜˞ ˡ˔˨˞ˢ˪ˬ ˃ˢ˟˦˞˜˘˚ˢ ˅˔˗˜˔
˝˔˞ˢΝ˖˜ʡ ˜ ʶ˘ˡ˧˥˨ˠ ˁ˔˨˞˜ ʾˢˣ˘˥ˡ˜˞
˅ʾʠˇ˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚ˬʡˣ˟ ˅˔˙˔· ʾˢˡˢˣ˞˔
˪˪˪ʡ˥˞ʠ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚ˬʡˣ˟
˨˟ʡ ˀ˔˝ˢ˪˔ ʤʧʢʤʫʟ ʣʨʠʫʣʣ ˃˥˨˦˭˞ͅ˪
ˣˢ˖˭˧˔ʳ˥˞ʠ˧˘˖˛ˡˢ˟ˢ˚ˬʡˣ˟
ˇ˘˟ʡʭ ʣʣ ʧʫ ʨʤʤ ʩʩʪ ʩʩʪʟ ʣʣ ʧʫ ʨʤʩ ʫʦʣ ʫʫʣ
VJ ^s. c=JD DJ^D.;.
;Ą ā ÄÞāü© ºÞ×Ëāü·¬ ×ËÞ¬ Ëßö¬æ½Ä¬Ɍ 9Þæ æË ×ËÞæö ÄÞāü©
½Ëº½¬ā·¬Ɍ ~×öĬÃü ÄÞāüà ;½¬ÄæËà ö¬ËāÄËß ö ā¬Å ¬ ö ÄËüɌ ~ Äì
Úº½Ã Þ×Úā· Þ¬¢ ǾȀɒȃɒǽǾ
%¬Úà ˤÅÞº¬ .ÄõÞæ C¬ ×ËöÞæÂ Ä ā¬ ö¬½Ë½æĬ¤Ë Ëßö¬āĬ
Äüæ¤Ë ö ÚÄĄü ËڤĬā·¬ õÄæɷÌö ËÚā ËÞÂ꤬ êĄü© ĈÚà ā¬Â·ü© Ä
V˽޺¬Ã ÚüĺêɌ DÞā ā¬ÂĬ 꺬ÚêĺËöÄ Þ Ä ºËÃ×½ºÞËö ËÞÂꤢ ĈÚÃɇ
¬ÄÞæüæê·¬ ËÚā ¬ÄÄü© ·ÄËÞæº ā¬Â·ü© āÚÌöÄË Ä æÚĬ öË·Ɍ ×˽޺¬¤Ë
·º ¬ · V˽޺¬Ɍ
D ]~ J% Yc J syD 9$ . ǾȂC Ǿ
gy %JYC c gy % ;c VYJ% ]9JD =.~C . ];gc ~DJ^ .D ys. g =D VJ 9^ .
DÞāüà āĺ¬Ã ÚËā×ËāÄöāüà ·Þæ Úº½Ã ö¬½ºË£ËÚÃæËöɌ ~ êö¤¬ Ä ÞöÌ·
ÚËāÃ¬Ú ö æË×Ëöü© ½Ëº½¬ā·© ā×öĬ Ä·ö¬¢ºÞā ½¬ā¢ ˬËÚÌö ɫ
VÅÞæö ;½¬ÄæÌöɌ D ÄÞāü© £ËÚÃæ© öÞāüÞæºË Þ¬¢ āì߬Ɍ
;]VJ~y 9 ɇ ;cKY 9 D. ].$ D. ~ gs y
VÚê·Ãü Ä Ä·½×Þāü© ÞüÞæéɇ Ë ā×öĬ ×ÂÄ Þææüº¢ ¬ £ºæüöÄËß
ÄËßĬºÌöɌ s¬Ãü ¬ ÚËāêìÃü ·º ö ā¬Þ¬·Þāü© āÞ© öĄÄ ·Þæ £ºæËöÄËßɌ
cJVJs =J; =.~ 9
DÞā ÄËßĬº¬ āÄ·ê· Þ¬¢ ×Úāü ¤ÂÌöÄü© æÚÞ©ɇ ö ì·Þ© ā×öĬ·ü©
Ä·½×Þā ö¬ËāÄËß āÚÌöÄË ½ Úê©ê ÞÃË©ËËö¤Ë ·º ¬ ׬Þā¤ËɌ s¬
ÄÞ Äöæ ā ¤ÌÚüɆɛ
9 ]c ^ ~ .Dc Y ]Js Dy Y ;= C D D ]~y + DJ^D.; +ɍ
sssɌ J& D];.C . ɌV= ;J]c; Y ;= CJs ɇ CJ .=D
ÞüÄüºæʱˤÄÞº¬Ɍæõ ʹ ȃȅǾ ǽȄǾ ȁȁȃ
VJ ^s. c=JD DJ^D.;.
;Ą ā ÄÞāü© ºÞ×Ëāü·¬ ×ËÞ¬ Ëßö¬æ½Ä¬Ɍ 9Þæ æË ×ËÞæö ÄÞāü©
½Ëº½¬ā·¬Ɍ ~×öĬÃü ÄÞāüà ;½¬ÄæËà ö¬ËāÄËß ö ā¬Å ¬ ö ÄËüɌ ~ Äì
Úº½Ã Þ×Úā· Þ¬¢ ǾȀɒȃɒǽǾ
%¬Úà ˤÅÞº¬ .ÄõÞæ C¬ ×ËöÞæÂ Ä ā¬ ö¬½Ë½æĬ¤Ë Ëßö¬āĬ
Äüæ¤Ë ö ÚÄĄü ËڤĬā·¬ õÄæɷÌö ËÚā ËÞÂ꤬ êĄü© ĈÚà ā¬Â·ü© Ä
V˽޺¬Ã ÚüĺêɌ DÞā ā¬ÂĬ 꺬ÚêĺËöÄ Þ Ä ºËÃ×½ºÞËö ËÞÂꤢ ĈÚÃɇ
¬ÄÞæüæê·¬ ËÚā ¬ÄÄü© ·ÄËÞæº ā¬Â·ü© āÚÌöÄË Ä æÚĬ öË·Ɍ ×˽޺¬¤Ë
·º ¬ · V˽޺¬Ɍ
D ]~ J% Yc J syD 9$ . ǾȂC Ǿ
gy %JYC c gy % ;c VYJ% ]9JD =.~C . ];gc ~DJ^ .D ys. g =D VJ 9^ .
DÞāüà āĺ¬Ã ÚËā×ËāÄöāüà ·Þæ Úº½Ã ö¬½ºË£ËÚÃæËöɌ ~ êö¤¬ Ä ÞöÌ·
ÚËāÃ¬Ú ö æË×Ëöü© ½Ëº½¬ā·© ā×öĬ Ä·ö¬¢ºÞā ½¬ā¢ ˬËÚÌö ɫ
VÅÞæö ;½¬ÄæÌöɌ D ÄÞāü© £ËÚÃæ© öÞāüÞæºË Þ¬¢ āì߬Ɍ
;]VJ~y 9 ɇ ;cKY 9 D. ].$ D. ~ gs y
VÚê·Ãü Ä Ä·½×Þāü© ÞüÞæéɇ Ë ā×öĬ ×ÂÄ Þææüº¢ ¬ £ºæüöÄËß
ÄËßĬºÌöɌ s¬Ãü ¬ ÚËāêìÃü ·º ö ā¬Þ¬·Þāü© āÞ© öĄÄ ·Þæ £ºæËöÄËßɌ
cJVJs =J; =.~ 9
DÞā ÄËßĬº¬ āÄ·ê· Þ¬¢ ×Úāü ¤ÂÌöÄü© æÚÞ©ɇ ö ì·Þ© ā×öĬ·ü©
Ä·½×Þā ö¬ËāÄËß āÚÌöÄË ½ Úê©ê ÞÃË©ËËö¤Ë ·º ¬ ׬Þā¤ËɌ s¬
ÄÞ Äöæ ā ¤ÌÚüɆɛ
9 ]c ^ ~ .Dc Y ]Js Dy Y ;= C D D ]~y + DJ^D.; +ɍ
sssɌ J& D];.C . ɌV= ;J]c; Y ;= CJs ɇ CJ .=D
ÞüÄüºæʱˤÄÞº¬Ɍæõ ʹ ȃȅǾ ǽȄǾ ȁȁȃ
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